UNIVERSID AD D E HUÁNUCO

CENTRO D E ID IOMAS

2 0 2 0 -I
1

1
 Unit one

Review of simple present tense

VERB TO BE

affirmative negative interrogative

I play I don’t play Do I play?
You listen You don’t listen Do you listen?
He studies He doesn’t study Does he study?
She dances She doesn’t dance Does she dance?
It eats It doesn’t eat Does it eat?
We go We don’t go Do we go?
They cook They don’t cook Do they cook?

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb
RULES FOR THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR AFFIRMATIVE

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
Example:
go – goes catch – catches
wash – washes kiss – kisses
fix – fixes buzz – buzzes

2
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

Example:
marry – marries study – studies
carry – carries worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

Example:
play – plays enjoy – enjoys say – says

PRACTICE

I. Rewrite the sentences in a) negative form and b) interrogative form

1. I go to work from Monday to Friday

a) I don’t go to work from Monday to
Friday
b) Do I go to work from Monday to Friday?

2. Genesis studies Portuguese on Fridays.

a)
b)

3. Mr. Smith drives to work every morning.

a)
b)

4. We usually go to a restaurant after work.

a)
b)

5. My mother works in a bank.

3
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
a)
b)
6. Paula and Maria are at home .
a)
b)

7. You are my best friend.

a)
b)
8.Nancy is a good student.
a)
b) _
9.I am a university teacher.
a) _
b) _
10. Jesus and I do our Project together.
a)
b)

4
 ZERO CONDITIONAL

PRESENT REAL CONDITIONAL

Structure:

FIRST FORM

IF / WHEN CLAUSE RESULT

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE PRESENT SIMPLE

If it rains, the grass grows.

If you don’t eat, you die.
If it doesn’t rain, The grass doesn´t grow.
If you put oil into water, it floats.
If I am late, my teacher gets angry.

5
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
SECOND FORM

RESULT CLAUSE IF / WHEN CLAUSE

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE PRESENT SIMPLE

The grass grows if it rains.

You die if you don’t eat.
The grass doesn´t grow if it doesn’t rain.
if you put oil into water.
It floats
if I am late.
My teacher gets angry

If can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. When we put the if clause first,
we use a comma (,) to separate two clauses.

 If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

 People die if they don’t eat.

 If Mayra goes shopping, her fans surround her.

 If you lie in the sun too long, you get sunburnt.

 If I drink coffee late at night, I can’t sleep.

 If she drinks coffee late at night, she can’t sleep.

 If you heat water, it boils.

 If you run, you get tired.

 It boils if you heat water.

 If / when water is under 0°c, it becomes ice.

 If my grandfather is ill, he sleeps all day.

 You can’t look me in the eyes if you are telling lies.

 I know that if you are sad, you try to be alone.

 If / when night comes, most animals sleep.

 I feel very nervous when you talk to me.

6
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS

 The zero conditional is often used with imperatives in the result clause.
For example:
 If it rains, take an umbrella.

 If you feel sick, see a doctor.

 If you can’t take the heat, stay out of the kitchen.

 If you need any help, just call me.

 If you have time, come and visit us.

USING THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

1. The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true –
facts, generals truths, and so on:

If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

Examples

Explanations

 If you cross an international every dateline, This always happens,

the time changes. dateline. Time you cross a

 Phosphorous burns if you Expose it to This is a scientific fact

the air. – you can test it in a
laboratory.

2. It is often used to describe scientific rules which are, by definition, unchanging…

so the results are always the same.
Examples:

 If / When you take ice out of the fridge in summer, it melts.

 A stone sinks if / when you throw it into a lake.
 If / when you mix chlorine with sodium, you obtain salt.
 You die if /when you don’t breathe.

3. We can also use it to say what we do as a rule in certain situations. Here, we are
not talking about what we do in a particular, specific situation (e.g. tonight, tomorrow) but
what we always do in these conditions.

7
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
 If I get a backache, I go and lie down.
 I go down on my knees and pray if I am in trouble.

 If my brother misses the train, my sister always gives him a lift to work.

A. Complete the sentences below by making Zero Conditional statements.

2. If I am late for class, __________________________________________________

3. When he stays up very late, ____________________________________________
4. People get hungry ___________________________________________________
5. If you study hard, ____________________________________________________
6. When she watches a movie, ___________________________________________
7. When I cross the street, _______________________________________________
8. I can’t do my homework ______________________________________________
9. He always smiles ____________________________________________________
10. If I miss the bus,
_____________________________________________________
11. When you make lots of noise, __________________________________________
12. Tea tastes sweet ____________________________________________________
13. You should eat less __________________________________________________
14. I always take my umbrella _____________________________________________
15. When I’m sad, ______________________________________________________
15. When he cleans the house, __________________________________________

B Match the clauses below.

1.If I am late for class, (A) if they don’t eat.

2.When he stays up very late,
3.People get hungry
4.If you study hard,
5.When she watches a movie,
6.When I cross the street,
7.I can’t do my homework,
8.He always smiles
9.If I miss the bus,
10.When you make lots of noise,
11.Tea tastes sweet
12.You should eat less
13.I always take my umbrella
14.When I’m sad,
(B) I always look left and right.
(C) my teacher gets angry.
(D) when he is happy.
(E) I take a taxi to work.
(F) he is very tired the next morning.
(G) the librarian gets angry.
(H) if you want to lose weight.
(I) she likes to eat popcorn.
(J) when it rains.
(K) I watch a funny movie.
(L) he listens to music.
(M) you get good grades in school.
(N) if you add some sugar.

8
15.When he cleans the house, (O) if I don’t have my glasses

9
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS

PRACTICE

1) Match the two parts of the zero conditional sentences. Then choose the correct words in italics.

1.If it rains / rained, a. they die / will die.

2.The engine starts /will start
3.If I drink too much coffee
4.I always watch comedies
5.If plants don’t get water,
6.My teacher gets angry
7.Phone this number
b. if you have / had any problems
c. I take the tram to school.
d. if I felt / feel sad.
e. I get / will get a headache.
f. if you turn the key.
g. if I am / will be late for school.

2) Complete the zero conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If you ______________ water to 100° C, it ___________________. (heat, boil)

2. The menu_______________ on the screen if you ________________ this button twice.
(appear, press)
3. Put those plants in the sun. If they _______________enough light, they
______________. (die, not get)
4. If you ______________ the right password, you __________________the website.
(not have, not access)
5. My mum __________________well if she __________________coffee before bed.
(not sleep, drink).
6. _________your teacher __________annoyed if you_________________ your homework?
(get, not do)

4. Complete the zero conditional sentences by choosing the correct pairs of verbs
from the box. Put the verbs in the correct form.

1. If I _____________________to do my homework, I __________________ the teacher a lie.

2. If I _________________ my brother up in the morning, he ____________to school on time.
3. I ____________________music really loudly if I______________ at home alone.
4. If I ____________________sleep at night, I ___________________ a magazine.
5. ______you ______ embarrassed if you __________ a mistake when speaking English?
6. She _______________ her homework if she _________________ tired

10
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
5. Complete the facts. Use the verbs below and the zero conditional.

1. Metal turns red and then White if

_________________________________________
2. Water expands if it
___________________________________________________________________
3. Plants die if
___________________________________________________________________
4. If you mix green, red and blue paint,
____________________________________________________________________
5. If you leave butter in the sun,
____________________________________________________________________

6. Write the zero conditional sentences using prompts.

Example: I / faint / I / see / blood I faint if I see blood.

1. Sam / feel / depressed / it / rain _____________________________________________

2. It / not matter / you / be / late _____________________________________________

3. Mary / listen to / classical music / she / always / feel / happy /

_________________________________________________________________________
4. I / get / home / on time / my dad / shout / at me
_________________________________________________________________________

5. your / dog / sit down / you / say ‘sit’? __________________________________________

I. Make zero conditional sentences. Example:

If the temperature .................................................... . (ice | zero | below | be | turn | into | water)

If the temperature is below zero, water turns into ice.

If ...............................................................................................................
(evaporate | you | water | heat | it)


I ................................................................................................. ..............................
(a pill | take | have | if | I | a headache)


Kim ................................................................................................................
(be / sleep / if / stressed / cannot / she)

11
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS

If ................................................................................................................................
(I / sick / by / feel / bus / travel / I)

If .......................................................................................................................... ..................
(the / advice / you / use / internet / need)

II. Create zero conditional sentences.

1. My daughter / eat / too much chocolate / she / get / sick

2. Run / kilometer / you / get exhausted / you/ a

3. You / not / eat / you / die

4. If / no / rain / the grass / not / grow /it

_

III. Choose the correct answer.


If I don’t eat, _.
A) I die. B) I would die.

Water becomes ice .
A) if you freezes it. B) if you freeze it.

If you drink alcoholic beverages, _ _.
A) drives carefully. B) don’t drive.

If he doesn’t understand, _ _.

A) he will can ask me. B) he can ask me.

IV. Complete the sentences with some advice.

4.1. If you have a headache, ……………………………………………………..

4.2. If you can’t get to sleep, ………………………………………………………

4.3. If you get sunburned, ………………………………………………………….

4.4. If you want to stop smoking, …………………………………………………..

4.5. If you have a problem at school, ………………………………………………

4.6. If you can’t wake up in the mornings, …………………………………………

12
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS

V. Reading.
WHEN WATER BOILS
If you heat water it boils. This is a fact that we all learn at school.
Water boils at 100°C at sea level. If you want a very good cup of
tea, the water must be very hot. This means that in Lima, which is
next to the sea, if you heat water to make tea it boils at 100°C and
you get a very good cup of tea. The problem is that if you go to
higher
altitudes the air pressure is less and if you heat water there it boils at a lower
temperature. So if you try to make tea on Mount Everest, the water never gets hot
enough. It boils but it is not hot. So, if you are ever climbing a very high mountain you
should drink coffee because coffee tastes good even if the water is not very hot.

Vocabulary.
a. Write the words you don’t know and look up the dictionary.

English Spanish English Spanish

13
 UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
b. Write all the zero conditional sentences from the reading and
translate them.

c. Answer the questions

1. What happens if you heat water?

…………………………………………………………………………
2. Does water boil at 100°C anywhere?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. What do you need in order to drink a good cup of tea?
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. Does the air pressure depend on the altitude? Explain how
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. What happens if you heat the water in Mount Everest?
…………………………………………………………………………..

14