Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Latex Simbols PDF
Latex Simbols PDF
Abstract
This document lists 5913 symbols and the corresponding LATEX commands that produce them. Some
of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system; others require fonts and packages
that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. All of the fonts
and packages used to prepare this document—as well as this document itself—are freely available from the
Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org/).
Contents
Contents 1
1 Introduction 8
1.1 Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Body-text symbols 9
Table 1: LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 2: Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 3: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 4: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 6: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 8: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 9: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 11: tipx Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 12: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 13: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 14: phonetic Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 15: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 16: semtrans Transliteration Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 17: Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 18: tipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 19: extraipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 20: wsuipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 21: phonetic Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 22: metre Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 23: t4phonet Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 24: arcs Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 25: semtrans Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 26: ogonek Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 27: combelow Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
∗ The original version of this document was written by David Carlisle, with several additional tables provided by Alexander
Holt. See Section 8.8 on page 118 for more information about who did what.
1
Table 28: wsuipa Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 29: textcomp Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 30: textcomp Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 31: marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 32: wasysym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 33: ChinA2e Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 34: teubner Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 35: eurosym Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 36: fourier Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 37: textcomp Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 38: cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 39: textcomp Old-style Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 40: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 41: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 Mathematical symbols 21
Table 42: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 43: cmll Unary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 44: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 45: AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 46: stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 47: wasysym Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 48: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 49: mathabx Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 50: MnSymbol Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 51: mathdesign Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 52: cmll Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 53: shuffle Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 54: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 55: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 56: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 57: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 58: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 59: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 60: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 61: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 62: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 63: esint Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Table 64: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 65: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 66: cmll Large Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 67: Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 68: AMS Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 69: AMS Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 70: stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 71: wasysym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 72: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 73: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 74: mathabx Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 75: mathabx Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 76: MnSymbol Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 77: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 78: mathtools Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 79: turnstile Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 80: trsym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 81: trfsigns Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 82: cmll Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 83: colonequals Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2
Table 84: fourier Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 85: Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 86: AMS Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 87: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 88: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 89: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 90: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 91: MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 92: Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 93: AMS Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 94: wasysym Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 95: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 96: mathabx Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 97: MnSymbol Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 98: AMS Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 99: stmaryrd Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 100: mathabx Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 101: MnSymbol Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 102: Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 103: Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 104: textcomp Text-mode Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 105: AMS Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 106: AMS Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 107: AMS Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 108: stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 109: txfonts/pxfonts Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 110: mathabx Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 111: mathabx Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 112: mathabx Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 113: MnSymbol Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 114: MnSymbol Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Table 115: MnSymbol Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table 116: MnSymbol Negated Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table 117: harpoon Extensible Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 118: chemarrow Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 119: fge Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 120: MnSymbol Spoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 121: MnSymbol Pitchforks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 122: MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 123: ulsy Contradiction Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 124: Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 125: stmaryrd Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 126: txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 127: mathabx Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 128: Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 129: AMS Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 130: ChinA2e Number Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 131: Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 132: AMS Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 133: txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 134: upgreek Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 135: fourier Variant Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 136: txfonts/pxfonts Variant Latin Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 137: AMS Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 138: MnSymbol Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 139: Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 140: AMS Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3
Table 141: txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 142: mathabx Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 143: MnSymbol Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 144: trfsigns Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 145: mathdesign Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 146: fge Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 147: fourier Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 148: AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 149: stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 150: mathabx Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 151: nath Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 152: Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 153: Large, Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 154: AMS Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 155: stmaryrd Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 156: mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 157: MnSymbol Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 158: mathdesign Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 159: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Double) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 160: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Triple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 161: fourier Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 162: textcomp Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 163: metre Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 164: Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 165: AMS Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 166: MnSymbol Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 167: fge Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 168: yhmath Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 169: Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 170: overrightarrow Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 171: yhmath Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 172: AMS Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 173: MnSymbol Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 174: mathtools Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 175: mathabx Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 176: fourier Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 177: esvect Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 178: undertilde Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 179: ushort Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 180: AMS Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 181: mathtools Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 182: chemarr Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 183: chemarrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 184: extarrows Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 185: extpfeil Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 186: DotArrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 187: trfsigns Extensible Transform Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 188: holtpolt Non-commutative Division Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 189: Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 190: AMS Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 191: wasysym Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 192: MnSymbol Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 193: mathdots Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 194: yhmath Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 195: teubner Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 196: mathcomp Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 197: marvosym Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4
Table 198: fge Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 199: dozenal Base-12 Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 200: mathabx Mayan Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 201: Miscellaneous LATEX 2ε Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 202: Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 203: Miscellaneous wasysym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 204: Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 205: Miscellaneous mathabx Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 206: Miscellaneous MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 207: Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 208: Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 209: Miscellaneous marvosym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 210: Miscellaneous fge Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 211: Miscellaneous mathdesign Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 212: Miscellaneous arev Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 213: Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
5 Dingbats 75
Table 235: bbding Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 236: pifont Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 237: universal Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 238: marvosym Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 239: bbding Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 240: pifont Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 241: dingbat Pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 242: bbding Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 243: pifont Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 244: dingbat Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 245: bbding Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 246: pifont Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 247: fourier Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 248: bbding Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 249: pifont Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 250: bbding Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 251: pifont Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5
Table 252: wasysym Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 253: universal Xs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 254: pifont Circled Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 255: wasysym Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 256: bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 257: pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 258: fourier Ornaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 259: wasysym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 260: MnSymbol Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 261: ifsym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 262: bbding Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 263: pifont Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 264: universa Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 265: universal Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 266: Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 267: Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 268: Miscellaneous pifont Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6 Ancient languages 81
Table 269: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 270: protosem Proto-Semitic Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 271: hieroglf Hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 272: linearA Linear A Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 273: linearb Linear B Basic and Optional Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 274: linearb Linear B Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 275: linearb Linear B Weights and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 276: linearb Linear B Ideograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 277: linearb Unidentified Linear B Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 278: cypriot Cypriot Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 279: sarabian South Arabian Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Table 280: teubner Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7 Other symbols 88
Table 281: textcomp Genealogical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 282: wasysym General Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 283: wasysym Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 284: wasysym Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 285: arev Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 286: harmony Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 287: harmony Musical Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 288: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 289: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 290: marvosym Navigation Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 291: marvosym Laundry Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 292: marvosym Information Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 293: Other marvosym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 294: Miscellaneous universa Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 295: Miscellaneous universal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 296: Miscellaneous fourier Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 297: ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 298: ifsym Alpine Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 299: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 300: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 301: clock Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 302: epsdice Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 303: hhcount Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 304: hhcount Tally Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 305: skull Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6
Table 306: Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Table 307: skak Chess Informator Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Table 308: skak Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 309: igo Go Stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 310: metre Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 311: metre Small and Large Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 312: teubner Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 313: dictsym Dictionary Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Table 314: simpsons Characters from The Simpsons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Table 315: pmboxdraw Box-Drawing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Table 316: staves Magical Staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Table 317: pigpen Cipher Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Table 318: ChinA2e Phases of the Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Table 319: Other ChinA2e Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Table 320: recycle Recycling Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
References 122
Index 123
7
1 Introduction
Welcome to the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List! This document strives to be your primary source of LATEX
symbol information: font samples, LATEX commands, packages, usage details, caveats—everything needed to
put thousands of different symbols at your disposal. All of the fonts covered herein meet the following criteria:
1. They are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org).
2. All of their symbols have LATEX 2ε bindings. That is, a user should be able to access a symbol by name,
not just by \charhnumber i.
These are not particularly limiting criteria; the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List contains samples of 5913
symbols—quite a large number. Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system;
others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to
be installed. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages+wherefiles for help
with installing new fonts and packages.
8
2 Body-text symbols
This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks, accents,
ligatures, and currency symbols.
∗
The underscore package redefines “_” to produce an underscore in text mode (i.e., it
makes it unnecessary to escape the underscore character).
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
∗
\^{} and \~{} can be used instead of \textasciicircum and \textasciitilde.
See the discussion of “˜” on page 115.
†
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the
symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
Table 3: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
$ \$ \_ ‡ \ddag { \{
¶ \P
c © \copyright ... \dots } \}
§ \S † \dag £ \pounds
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
9
Table 4: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
X \checkmark r \circledR z \maltese
These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is provided by the fc package.
∗
\m{v} and \m{V} are synonyms for \m{u} and \m{U}.
These characters all need the T5 font encoding, which is provided by the vntex
package.
To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding,
such as T1.
10
Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols
11
(continued from previous page)
tipa defines shortcut characters for many of the above. It also defines a command
\tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation for more
information.
12
Table 12: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols
13
Table 15: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols
\textcrd ¡ \texthtd | \textpipe
§ \textcrh ¨ \texthtk ð \textrtaild
¢ \textepsilon ± \texthtp » \textrtailt
¬ \textesh º \texthtt ¡ \textschwa
\textfjlig à \textiota ¬ \textscriptv
\texthtb © \textltailn \textteshlig
° \texthtc ª \textopeno ¶ \textyogh
The idea behind the t4phonet package’s phonetic symbols is to provide an interface
to some of the characters in the T4 font encoding (Table 6 on page 10) but using
the same names as the tipa characters presented in Table 10 on page 11.
Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j”
(viz., “ı” and “”). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the
dot in encodings that need to composite (i.e., combine) letters and accents. For
example, “na\"{\i}ve” always produces a correct “naı̈ve”, while “na\"{i}ve”
yields the rather odd-looking “naïve” when using the OT1 font encoding and older
versions of LATEX. Font encodings other than OT1 and newer versions of LATEX
properly typeset “na\"{i}ve” as “naı̈ve”.
14
Table 18: tipa Text-mode Accents
´´
Ā ā \textacutemacron{A}\textacutemacron{a}
´
Ǎ´ǎ \textacutewedge{A}\textacutewedge{a}
A
ffi affi \textadvancing{A}\textadvancing{a}
A
<< a \textbottomtiebar{A}\textbottomtiebar{a}
˘
Āā˘ \textbrevemacron{A}\textbrevemacron{a}
Ż
AŻ a \textcircumacute{A}\textcircumacute{a}
ˆ
Ȧˆ ȧ \textcircumdot{A}\textcircumdot{a}
§a
A§ \textdotacute{A}\textdotacute{a}
˙ ă˙
Ă \textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a}
‚a
A‚ \textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a}
İa
Aİ \textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}
Ža
AŽ \textgravecircum{A}\textgravecircum{a}
đa
Ađ \textgravedot{A}\textgravedot{a}
``
Ā ā \textgravemacron{A}\textgravemacron{a}
Źa
AŹ \textgravemid{A}\textgravemid{a}
A
„a„ \textinvsubbridge{A}\textinvsubbridge{a}
A
fl afl \textlowering{A}\textlowering{a}
Ÿ
AŸ a \textmidacute{A}\textmidacute{a}
‰a
A‰ \textovercross{A}\textovercross{a}
——
Aa \textoverw{A}\textoverw{a}
A
˛ a˛ \textpolhook{A}\textpolhook{a}
A
fi afi \textraising{A}\textraising{a}
A
ffl affl \textretracting{A}\textretracting{a}
˚
Ā˚ ā \textringmacron{A}\textringmacron{a}
“
A“ a \textroundcap{A}\textroundcap{a}
A
a \textseagull{A}\textseagull{a}
Aa \textsubacute{A}\textsubacute{a}
››
Aa \textsubarch{A}\textsubarch{a}
““
Aa \textsubbar{A}\textsubbar{a}
¯¯
A
”a” \textsubbridge{A}\textsubbridge{a}
Aa \textsubcircum{A}\textsubcircum{a}
ˆˆ
Aa \textsubdot{A}\textsubdot{a}
˙˙
Aa \textsubgrave{A}\textsubgrave{a}
‹‹
A
– a– \textsublhalfring{A}\textsublhalfring{a}
A
ff aff \textsubplus{A}\textsubplus{a}
A
» a» \textsubrhalfring{A}\textsubrhalfring{a}
Aa \textsubring{A}\textsubring{a}
˚˚
A
«a« \textsubsquare{A}\textsubsquare{a}
Aa \textsubtilde{A}\textsubtilde{a}
˜˜
Aa \textsubumlaut{A}\textsubumlaut{a}
¨¨
15
(continued from previous page)
A
—a— \textsubw{A}\textsubw{a}
Aa \textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a}
ˇˇ
A
&& a \textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a}
Aa \textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a}
˜" ˜
Ȧ
"
ȧ \texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a}
>>
Aa \texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a}
IJa
AIJ \textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}
tipa defines shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the tipa documentation
for more information.
The phonetic package provides a few additional macros for linguistic accents.
\acbar and \acarc compose characters with multiple accents; for example,
\acbar{\’}{a} produces “´ ā” and \acarc{\"}{e} produces “¨ē”. \labvel joins
two characters with an arc: \labvel{mn} → “mn”._ \upbar is intended to go
between characters as in “x\upbar{}y’’ → “x y”. Lastly, \uplett behaves like
\textsuperscript but uses a smaller font. Contrast “p\uplett{h}’’ → “ph ”
with “p\textsuperscript{h}’’ → “ph ”.
16
Table 22: metre Text-mode Accents
Áá \acutus{A}\acutus{a}
Ăă \breve{A}\breve{a}
Ãã \circumflexus{A}\circumflexus{a}
Ää \diaeresis{A}\diaeresis{a}
Àà \gravis{A}\gravis{a}
Āā \macron{A}\macron{a}
The idea behind the t4phonet package’s text-mode accents is to provide an interface
to some of the accents in the T4 font encoding (accents marked with “‡” in Table 17
on page 14) but using the same names as the tipa accents presented in Table 18 on
page 15.
The accents shown above scale only to a few characters wide. An optional macro
argument alters the effective width of the accented characters. See the arcs docu-
mentation for more information.
\T is not actually an accent but a command that rotates its argument 180° using
the graphicx package’s \rotatebox command.
\cb places a comma above letters with descenders. Hence, while “\cb{s}” produces
“s,”, “\cb{g}” produces “g‘”.
17
Table 28: wsuipa Diacritics
s \ain v \leftp x \overring h \stress } \underwedge
k \corner n \leftt ~ \polishhook j \syllabic t \upp
u \downp q \length w \rightp r \underdots l \upt
m \downt { \midtilde o \rightt y \underring
p \halflength z \open i \secstress | \undertilde
The wsuipa package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
However, it does provide \diatop and \diaunder commands, which are used to
compose diacritics with other characters. For example, \diatop[\overring|a]
produces “x
a ”, and \diaunder[\underdots|a] produces “r a”. See the wsuipa doc-
umentation for more information.
The textcomp package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
The different euro signs are meant to be visually compatible with different fonts—
Courier (\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times Roman (\EURtm), and the marvosym
digits listed in Table 197 (\EURdig). The mathdesign package redefines \texteuro
to be visually compatible with one of three additional fonts: Utopia (€), Char-
ter (€), or Garamond (€).
18
Table 33: ChinA2e Currency Symbols
ÿ \Euro þ \Pound
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for solu-
tions to common problems that occur when using these symbols (e.g., getting a “
”
r
when you expected to get a “®”).
∗
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in some
DVI viewers.
19
Table 39: textcomp Old-style Numerals
\textzerooldstyle \textfouroldstyle \texteightoldstyle
\textoneoldstyle \textfiveoldstyle \textnineoldstyle
\texttwooldstyle \textsixoldstyle
\textthreeoldstyle \textsevenoldstyle
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
∗
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
20
3 Mathematical symbols
Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode only. That is, they yield a “Missing $
inserted” error message if not used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment. Operators
marked as “variable-sized” are taller in displayed formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly shorter
still when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts.
Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., “L ” and “”) are usually produced using one of the math alphabets in
Table 213 rather than with an explicit symbol command. Look there first if you need a symbol for a transform,
number set, or some other alphanumeric.
Although there have been many requests on comp.text.tex for a contradiction symbol, the ensuing dis-
cussion invariably reveals innumerable ways to represent contradiction in a proof, including “ ” (\blitza),
“⇒⇐” (\Rightarrow\Leftarrow), “⊥” (\bot), “=” (\nleftrightarrow), and “※” (\textreferencemark).
Because of the lack of notational consensus, it is probably better to spell out “Contradiction!” than to use a
symbol for this purpose. Similarly, discussions on comp.text.tex have revealed that there are a variety of
ways to indicate the mathematical notion of “is defined as”. Common candidates include “,” (\triangleq),
def
“≡” (\equiv), “B” (various 1 ), and “ =” (\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}). See also the ` example of
\equalsfill on page 108. Depending upon the context, disjoint union may be represented as “ ” (\coprod),
“t” (\sqcup), “∪” · (\dotcup), “⊕” (\oplus), or any of a number of other symbols.2 Finally, the average
value of a variable x is written by some people as “x” (\overline{x}), by some people as “hxi” (\langle x
\rangle), and by some people as “x” or “∅x” (\diameter x or \varnothing x). The moral of the story is
that you should be careful always to explain your notation to avoid confusing your readers.
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
21
Table 44: Binary Operators
q \amalg ∪ \cup ⊕ \oplus × \times
∗ \ast † \dagger \oslash / \triangleleft
\bigcirc ‡ \ddagger ⊗ \otimes . \triangleright
5 \bigtriangledown \diamond ± \pm E \unlhd∗
4 \bigtriangleup ÷ \div B \rhd∗ D \unrhd∗
• \bullet C \lhd∗ \ \setminus ] \uplus
∩ \cap ∓ \mp u \sqcap ∨ \vee
· \cdot \odot t \sqcup ∧ \wedge
◦ \circ \ominus ? \star o \wr
∗
Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
22
Table 47: wasysym Binary Operators
C \lhd # \ocircle \RHD D \unrhd
\LHD B \rhd E \unlhd
23
(continued from previous page)
The mathdesign package additionally provides versions of each of the binary oper-
ators shown in Table 45 on page 22.
∗
\with differs from “&” in terms of its math-mode spacing: $A \& B$ produces
“A&B”, for example, while $A \with B$ produces “A & B”.
24
Table 55: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators
\blacktriangledown i \boxright a \ominus
\blacktriangleleft m \boxslash ` \oplus
\blacktriangleright b \boxtimes i \oright
\blacktriangleup j \boxtop m \oslash
f \boxasterisk o \boxtriangleup b \otimes
n \boxbackslash l \boxvoid j \otop
k \boxbot f \oasterisk o \otriangleup
e \boxcirc n \obackslash l \ovoid
g \boxcoasterisk k \obot \smalltriangledown
c \boxdiv e \ocirc \smalltriangleleft
d \boxdot g \ocoasterisk \smalltriangleright
h \boxleft c \odiv \smalltriangleup
a \boxminus d \odot
` \boxplus h \oleft
25
Table 58: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators
ZZ ZZZ
RR RRR
\iint \iiint
ZZZZ Z Z
RRRR R R
\iiiint ··· ··· \idotsint
r w ! " # $
†
\int \iint \iiint
r w u z
\varint∗ \varoint∗ \oiint
None of the preceding symbols are defined when wasysym is passed the nointegrals
option.
∗
Not defined when wasysym is passed the integrals option.
†
Defined only when wasysym is passed the integrals option. Otherwise, the default
LATEX \int glyph (as shown in Table 57) is used.
¬ Ýý Éé
\bigcurlyvee \bigboxslash \bigoright
¦ Òò Íí
\bigsqcap \bigboxtimes \bigoslash
« Úú Êê
\bigcurlywedge \bigboxtop \bigotop
Öö ßÿ Ïï
\bigboxasterisk \bigboxtriangleup \bigotriangleup
Þþ Üü Ìì
\bigboxbackslash \bigboxvoid \bigovoid
Ûû ¢
\bigboxbot \bigcomplementop \bigplus
Õõ Ææ ¨
\bigboxcirc \bigoasterisk \bigsquplus
×÷ Îî ¡
\bigboxcoasterisk \bigobackslash \bigtimes
Óó Ëë µ½
\bigboxdiv \bigobot \iiint
Ôô Åå ´ ¼
\bigboxdot \bigocirc \iint
Øø Çç ³ »
\bigboxleft \bigocoasterisk \int
Ññ Ãã · ¿
\bigboxminus \bigodiv \oiint
Ðð Èè ¶ ¾
\bigboxplus \bigoleft \oint
Ùù Áá
\bigboxright \bigominus
\bigsqcapplus \ointclockwise
\bigsqcupplus \ointctrclockwise
> ? R S
\fint \sqiiint
' ( P Q
\idotsint \sqiint
% &
\iiiint \sqint
# $ F G
\iiint \varoiiintclockwise
! " N O
\iint \varoiiintctrclockwise
L M B C
\oiiintclockwise \varoiintclockwise
D E J K
\oiiintctrclockwise \varoiintctrclockwise
) * - .
\oiiint \varointclockwise
H I + ,
\oiintclockwise \varointctrclockwise
A
@
\oiintctrclockwise \varprod
\oiint
28
Table 64: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators
⦸ ⦸ \bigobackslash
\bigveedot ⨏ ⨏ \strokedint
∗
MnSymbol defines \biguplus as a synonym for \bigcupplus.
29
Table 65: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators
\intclockwise \ointclockwise
\oiiint \ointctrclockwise
\oiint
˙ ˘
\bigparr \bigwith
30
Table 69: AMS Negated Binary Relations
\ncong / \nshortparallel 3 \nVDash
- \nmid / \nsim \precnapprox
∦ \nparallel \nsucc \precnsim
⊀ \nprec \nsucceq \succnapprox
\npreceq 2 \nvDash \succnsim
. \nshortmid 0 \nvdash
∗
As an alternative to using txfonts/pxfonts, a “:=” symbol can be constructed with
“\mathrel{\mathop:}=”.
31
Table 74: mathabx Binary Relations
\between \divides \risingdotseq
\botdoteq \dotseq Ç \succapprox
\Bumpedeq \eqbumped ¥ \succcurlyeq
\bumpedeq \eqcirc Í \succdot
\circeq \eqcolon Á \succsim
\coloneq \fallingdotseq 6 \therefore
\corresponds Ï \ggcurly \topdoteq
¶ \curlyeqprec Î \llcurly ( \vDash
· \curlyeqsucc Æ \precapprox , \Vdash
) \DashV ¤ \preccurlyeq ( \VDash
) \Dashv Ì \precdot , \Vvdash
- \dashVv À \precsim
32
(continued from previous page)
33
(continued from previous page)
=:=
“=:=”
vs. =: =
“=\vcentcolon=”
34
Table 79: turnstile Binary Relations
Each of the above takes an optional argument that controls the size of the upper
and lower expressions. See the turnstile documentation for more information.
35
Table 80: trsym Binary Relations
\InversTransformHoriz \TransformHoriz
\InversTransformVert \TransformVert
36
Table 87: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations
D \subsetplus E \supsetplus
F \subsetpluseq G \supsetpluseq
37
Table 93: AMS Inequalities
mathabx defines \leqslant and \le as synonyms for \leq, \geqslant and \ge as
synonyms for \geq, \nleqslant as a synonym for \nleq, and \ngeqslant as a
synonym for \ngeq.
38
Table 97: MnSymbol Inequalities
⪖ \eqslantgtr ⪌ \gtreqqless ≲ \lesssim ⋛̸ \ngtreqless
⪕ \eqslantless ≷ \gtrless ≪ \ll ̸ \ngtreqlessslant
≥ \geq ó \gtrneqqless ⋘ \lll ⪌̸ \ngtreqqless
⊵ \geqclosed ≳ \gtrsim ⪉ \lnapprox ≹ \ngtrless
u \geqdot ≤ \leq ≨ \lneqq ≰ \nleq
≧ \geqq ⊴ \leqclosed ≴ \lnsim ⋬ \nleqclosed
⩾ \geqslant t \leqdot ⪖̸ \neqslantgtr ̸ \nleqdot
⪀ \geqslantdot ≦ \leqq ⪕̸ \neqslantless ≦̸ \nleqq
≫ \gg ⩽ \leqslant ≱ \ngeq ≰ \nleqslant
⋙ \ggg ⩿ \leqslantdot ⋭ \ngeqclosed ⩿̸ \nleqslantdot
⪊ \gnapprox < \less ̸ \ngeqdot ≮ \nless
≩ \gneqq ⪅ \lessapprox ≧̸ \ngeqq ⋪ \nlessclosed
≵ \gnsim ⊲ \lessclosed ≱ \ngeqslant ⋖̸ \nlessdot
> \gtr ⋖ \lessdot ⪀̸ \ngeqslantdot ⋚̸ \nlesseqgtr
⪆ \gtrapprox ⋚ \lesseqgtr ≫̸ \ngg ̸ \nlesseqgtrslant
⊳ \gtrclosed N \lesseqgtrslant ⋙̸ \nggg ⪋̸ \nlesseqqgtr
⋗ \gtrdot ⪋ \lesseqqgtr ≯ \ngtr ≸ \nlessgtr
⋛ \gtreqless ≶ \lessgtr ⋫ \ngtrclosed ≪̸ \nll
O \gtreqlessslant ò \lessneqqgtr ⋗̸ \ngtrdot ⋘̸ \nlll
39
Table 99: stmaryrd Triangle Relations
P \trianglelefteqslant Q \trianglerighteqslant
R \ntrianglelefteqslant S \ntrianglerighteqslant
40
Table 102: Arrows
⇓ \Downarrow ←− \longleftarrow - \nwarrow
↓ \downarrow ⇐= \Longleftarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow
←- \hookleftarrow ←→ \longleftrightarrow → \rightarrow
,→ \hookrightarrow ⇐⇒ \Longleftrightarrow & \searrow
{ \leadsto∗ 7−→ \longmapsto . \swarrow
← \leftarrow =⇒ \Longrightarrow ↑ \uparrow
⇐ \Leftarrow −→ \longrightarrow ⇑ \Uparrow
⇔ \Leftrightarrow 7→ \mapsto l \updownarrow
↔ \leftrightarrow % \nearrow† m \Updownarrow
∗
Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
†
See the note beneath Table 169 for information about how to put a diagonal arrow
0
across a mathematical expression (as in “∇ · B~ ”) .
41
Table 108: stmaryrd Arrows
^ \leftarrowtriangle ⇐\ \Mapsfrom \shortleftarrow
- \leftrightarroweq ←[ \mapsfrom \shortrightarrow
] \leftrightarrowtriangle ⇒ \Mapsto \shortuparrow
\lightning 1 \nnearrow % \ssearrow
⇐=\ \Longmapsfrom 0 \nnwarrow $ \sswarrow
←−[ \longmapsfrom _ \rightarrowtriangle
=⇒ \Longmapsto \shortdownarrow
42
Table 112: mathabx Harpoons
Þ \barleftharpoon à \leftharpoonup é \rightleftharpoons
ß \barrightharpoon Ø \leftleftharpoons Ù \rightrightharpoons
Û \downdownharpoons à \leftrightharpoon ê \updownharpoons
å \downharpoonleft è \leftrightharpoons ä \upharpoonleft
ç \downharpoonright Ý \rightbarharpoon æ \upharpoonright
ë \downupharpoons ã \rightharpoondown Ú \upupharpoons
Ü \leftbarharpoon á \rightharpoonup
â \leftharpoondown á \rightleftharpoon
43
(continued from previous page)
44
(continued from previous page)
45
↺̸ \ncirclearrowleft (same as \nrcirclearrowup)
↻̸ \ncirclearrowright (same as \nlcirclearrowup)
↶̸ \ncurvearrowleft (same as \nrcurvearrowleft)
↷̸ \ncurvearrowright (same as \nlcurvearrowright)
⇢̸ \ndasharrow (same as \ndashedrightarrow)
⇠̸ \ndashleftarrow (same as \ndashedleftarrow)
⇢̸ \ndashrightarrow (same as \ndashedrightarrow)
↚ \ngets (same as \nleftarrow)
↩̸ \nhookleftarrow (same as \nrhookleftarrow)
↪̸ \nhookrightarrow (same as \nlhookrightarrow)
↝̸ \nleadsto (same as \nrightlsquigarrow)
̸ \nleftrightsquigarrow (same as \nsquigarrowleftright)
↦̸ \nmapsto (same as \nrightmapsto)
↝̸ \nrightsquigarrow (same as \nrightlsquigarrow)
↛ \nto (same as \nrightarrow)
46
Table 117: harpoon Extensible Harpoons
(
abc \overleftharp{abc}
+
abc \overrightharpdown{abc} abc \underrightharp{abc}
) *
abc \overleftharpdown{abc} abc \underleftharp{abc} abc \underrightharpdown{abc}
* ( +
abc \overrightharp{abc} abc \underleftharpdown{abc}
)
All of the harpoon symbols are implemented using the graphics package (specifically,
graphics’s \resizebox command). Consequently, only TEX backends that support
graphical transformations (e.g., not Xdvi) can properly display these symbols.
47
Table 122: MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns
\doublefrown ̸ \nsmileeq \smileeq
% \doublefrowneq ̸ \nsmileeqfrown & \smileeqfrown
\doublesmile ≭ \nsmilefrown ≍ \smilefrown
$ \doublesmileeq ̸ \nsmilefrowneq ( \smilefrowneq
# \eqfrown ̸ \nsqdoublefrown - \sqdoublefrown
" \eqsmile ̸ \nsqdoublefrowneq 7 \sqdoublefrowneq
⌢ \frown ̸ \nsqdoublesmile , \sqdoublesmile
! \frowneq ̸ \nsqdoublesmileeq 6 \sqdoublesmileeq
' \frowneqsmile ̸ \nsqeqfrown 5 \sqeqfrown
\frownsmile ̸ \nsqeqsmile 4 \sqeqsmile
) \frownsmileeq ̸ \nsqfrown + \sqfrown
̸ \ndoublefrown ̸ \nsqfrowneq 3 \sqfrowneq
̸ \ndoublefrowneq ̸ \nsqfrowneqsmile 9 \sqfrowneqsmile
̸ \ndoublesmile ̸ \nsqfrownsmile 1 \sqfrownsmile
̸ \ndoublesmileeq ̸ \nsqsmile * \sqsmile
̸ \neqfrown ̸ \nsqsmileeq 2 \sqsmileeq
̸ \neqsmile ̸ \nsqsmileeqfrown 8 \sqsmileeqfrown
⌢̸ \nfrown ̸ \nsqsmilefrown 0 \sqsmilefrown
̸ \nfrowneq ̸ \nsqtriplefrown / \sqtriplefrown
̸ \nfrowneqsmile ̸ \nsqtriplesmile . \sqtriplesmile
̸ \nfrownsmile ̸ \ntriplefrown \triplefrown
̸ \nfrownsmileeq ̸ \ntriplesmile \triplesmile
⌣̸ \nsmile ⌣ \smile
∗
MnSymbol defines \smallsmile as a synonym for \smile, \smallfrown as a syn-
onym for \frown, \asymp as a synonym for \smilefrown, and \nasymp as a syn-
onym for \nsmilefrown.
48
Table 127: mathabx Extension Characters
ß \mapsfromchar Þ \mapstochar
û \Mapsfromchar ú \Mapstochar
Calling the above “symbols” may be a bit misleading.3 Each log-like symbol merely
produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surrounding spac-
ing. See Section 8.4 for more information about log-like symbols. As \bmod and
\pmod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for
LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. See Section 8.4 for some additional
comments regarding log-like symbols. As \mod and \pod are arguably not symbols
we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
49
Table 131: Greek Letters
α \alpha θ \theta o o τ \tau
β \beta ϑ \vartheta π \pi υ \upsilon
γ \gamma ι \iota $ \varpi φ \phi
δ \delta κ \kappa ρ \rho ϕ \varphi
\epsilon λ \lambda % \varrho χ \chi
ε \varepsilon µ \mu σ \sigma ψ \psi
ζ \zeta ν \nu ς \varsigma ω \omega
η \eta ξ \xi
The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The
symbol “M”, for instance, is used for both an uppercase “m” and an uppercase “µ”.
See Section 8.5 for examples of how to produce bold Greek letters.
50
Table 134: upgreek Upright Greek Letters
α \upalpha θ \uptheta π \uppi φ \upphi
β \upbeta ϑ \upvartheta ϖ \upvarpi ϕ \upvarphi
γ \upgamma ι \upiota ρ \uprho χ \upchi
δ \updelta κ \upkappa ρ \upvarrho ψ \uppsi
ε \upepsilon λ \uplambda σ \upsigma ω \upomega
ε \upvarepsilon µ \upmu σ \upvarsigma
ζ \upzeta ν \upnu τ \uptau
η \upeta ξ \upxi υ \upupsilon
upgreek utilizes upright Greek characters from either the PostScript Symbol font
(depicted above) or Euler Roman. As a result, the glyphs may appear slightly
different from the above. Contrast, for example, “Γ∆Θαβγ” (Symbol) with
“Γ∆Θαβγ” (Euler).
51
Table 140: AMS Letter-like Symbols
k \Bbbk { \complement ~ \hbar
r \circledR ` \Finv } \hslash
s \circledS a \Game @ \nexists
∗
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
52
Table 146: fge Letter-like Symbols
A \fgeA ı \fgeeszett D \fgeleftB U \fgeU
c \fgec F \fgeF C \fgeleftC
p \fged f \fgef B \fgerightB
e \fgee ” \fgelb∗ s \fges
∗
The fge package defines \fgeeta, \fgeN, and \fgeoverU as synonyms for \fgelb.
x \ulcorner y \urcorner
z \llcorner { \lrcorner
53
Table 152: Variable-sized Delimiters
w h i
↓ \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow [ [ ] ]
w
y
D E
h \langle i \rangle | | k \|
l m x ~
d \lceil e \rceil ↑ \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow
w
w
j k x ~
b \lfloor c \rfloor l y \updownarrow m \Updownarrow
w
n o
( ( ) ) { \{ } \}
. /
/ / \ \backslash
When used with \left and \right, these symbols expand to the height of the
enclosed math expression. Note that \vert is a synonym for |, and \Vert is a
synonym for \|.
ε-TEX provides a \middle analogue to \left and \right. \middle can be used, for
example, to make an internal “|” expand to the height of the surrounding \left and
\right symbols. (This capability is commonly needed when typesetting adjacent
bras and kets in Dirac notation: “hφ|ψi”). A similar effect can be achieved in
conventional LATEX using the braket package.
These symbols must be used with \left and \right. The mathabx package, how-
ever, redefines \lgroup and \rgroup so that those symbols can work without \left
and \right.
54
Table 156: mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters
1 9
v \ldbrack w \rdbrack
77 ??
7 77 \lfilet ? ?? \rfilet
~ \thickvert ~ \vvvert
⎡⎢ ⎤⎥
⌈ ⎢⎢ ⌉ ⎥⎥ ⌜ ⌜ ⌝ ⌝
⎢⎢ \lceil ⎥⎥ \rceil \ulcorner \urcorner
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎢ ⎥⎥
⌊ ⎢⎢ ⌋ ⎥⎥ ⌞ ⌞ ⌟ ⌟
⎢⎢ \lfloor ⎥⎥ \rfloor \llcorner \lrcorner
⎣ ⎦
^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
^ ^^ ^ ^^ ⟨ ⟨ ⟩ ⟩
^^ \lwavy ^^ \rwavy \langle \rangle
^ ^
_ _
_ _ _
_
_
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ k n p s
_
_
\lWavy _
_
\rWavy \langlebar \ranglebar
_ _
⎧
⎪ ⎫
⎪
⎧
⎪ ⎪
⎪ ⎫
⎪ ⎪
⎪
( ( ) ) ⎩ ⎪
⎪ ⎭ ⎪
⎪
⎩ ⎭
( ) \lgroup \rgroup
L
P M
Q
⟦ P
P ⟧ Q
Q ⟪ ⟪ ⟫ ⟫
P
P
\lsem Q
Q
\rsem \llangle \rrangle
N O
⎧
⎪ ⎫
⎪ ⎧
⎪ ⎫
⎪
⎧
⎪ ⎪
⎪ ⎫
⎪ ⎪
⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎭ ⎪
⎪ ⎩ ⎪
⎪ { ⎨ } ⎬
⎭ ⎩ ⎪ ⎪
\lmoustache \rmoustache \lbrace \rbrace
⎪
⎩ ⎪
⎭
⎡⎢ ⎤⎥
[ ⎢⎢ ] ⎥⎥ 3 6 8 ;
⎢⎢ [ ⎥⎥ ] \ullcorner \ulrcorner
⎣ ⎦
RR X
X ⎪
⎪
RR X
X ⎪ ⎪
⎪
∣ RR ∥ X
X ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎪
R | X \| ⎪ \bracevert
RR X
X
RR RR X X
X
R RR X
X X
X
R \arrowvert X \Arrowvert
55
\vert is a synonym for |. \Vert is a synonym for \|. \mid and \mvert produce
the same symbol as \vert but designated as math relations instead of ordinals.
\divides produces the same symbol as \vert but designated as a binary operator
instead of an ordinal. \parallel and \mVert produce the same symbol as \Vert
but designated as math relations instead of ordinals.
∗
nath redefines all of the above to include implicit \left and \right commands.
Hence, separate \lVert and \rVert commands are needed to disambiguate whether
“|” is a left or right delimiter.
All of the symbols in Table 159 can also be expressed using the \double macro.
See the nath documentation for examples and additional information.
56
Table 160: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Triple)
DDD EEE
hhh \triple< iii \triple>
hhh iii
[[[ \triple[ ]]] \triple]
||| \ltriple|∗ ||| \rtriple|∗
∗
Similar to \lVert and \rVert in Table 159, \ltriple and \rtriple must be used
instead of \triple to disambiguate whether “|” is a left or right delimiter.
\VERT
Also note the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions of
“i ” and “j ”. (See Table 201 on page 65.) These are useful when the accent is
supposed to replace the dot. For example, “\hat{\imath}” produces a correct
“ ı̂ ”, while “\hat{i}” would yield the rather odd-looking “ î ”.
57
Table 165: AMS Math-mode Accents
... ....
a \dddot{a} a \ddddot{a}
These accents are also provided by the mathabx and accents packages and are
redefined by the mathdots package if the amsmath and amssymb packages have pre-
viously been loaded. All of the variations except for the original AMS ones tighten
...
the space between the dots (from a to ˙˙˙
a). The mathabx and mathdots...versions also
˙˙˙
a a
function properly within subscripts and superscripts (x instead of x ) .
58
Table 169: Extensible Accents
›
abc \widetilde{abc}∗ ”
abc \widehat{abc}∗
←− −→
abc \overleftarrow{abc}† abc \overrightarrow{abc}†
abc \overline{abc} abc \underline{abc}
z}|{
abc \overbrace{abc} abc
|{z} \underbrace{abc}
√
abc \sqrt{abc}‡
ˆ˚
abc \widering{abc}
59
Table 173: MnSymbol Extensible Accents
«
abc \overbrace{abc} abc \underbrace{abc}
°
³¹¹ ¹ ¹µ
abc \overgroup{abc} abc \undergroup{abc}
´¹¹ ¹ ¹¶
zx
zx
abc \overlinesegment{abc} abc \underlinesegment{abc}
↼Ð Ð⇀
abc \overleftharpoon{abc} abc \overrightharpoon{abc}
̂
abc \widehat{abc} ̃
abc \widetilde{abc}
Í
abc \wideparen{abc}
∗
\overbracket and \underbracket accept optional arguments that specify the
bracket height and thickness. See the mathtools documentation for more infor-
mation.
looabc
moon \underbrace{abc}
abc \wideparen{abc}
lo
oo n
abc \undergroup{abc} ˚
abc \widering{abc}
abc \widearrow{abc}
The braces shown for \overbrace and \underbrace appear in their minimum size.
They can expand arbitrarily wide, however.
abc
Ù \widearc{abc} abc
\wideparen{abc}
˚
abc
å \wideOarc{abc} abc
\widering{abc}
60
Table 177: esvect Extensible Accents
#”
abc \vv{abc} with package option a
#„
abc \vv{abc} with package option b
#«
abc \vv{abc} with package option c
#»
abc \vv{abc} with package option d
#–
abc \vv{abc} with package option e
#—
abc \vv{abc} with package option f
#
abc \vv{abc} with package option g
#‰
abc \vv{abc} with package option h
esvect also defines a \vv* macro which is used to typeset arrows over vector vari-
ables with subscripts. See the esvect documentation for more information.
The underlines produced by the ushort commands are shorter than those pro-
duced by the \underline command. Consider the output from the expres-
sion “\ushort{x}\ushort{y}\underline{x}\underline{y}”, which looks like
“xyxy”.
61
Table 181: mathtools Extensible Arrows
abc abc
←−−- \xhookleftarrow{abc} (
−−
−−
+ \xleftrightharpoons{abc}
abc abc
,−−→ \xhookrightarrow{abc} 7−−→ \xmapsto{abc}
abc abc
⇐== \xLeftarrow{abc} ==⇒ \xRightarrow{abc}
abc abc
)−− \xleftharpoondown{abc} −−+ \xrightharpoondown{abc}
abc abc
(−− \xleftharpoonup{abc} −−* \xrightharpoonup{abc}
abc abc
←−→ \xleftrightarrow{abc} −
)−
−*
− \xrightleftharpoons{abc}
abc
⇐=⇒ \xLeftrightarrow{abc}
abc abc
DGGGGGGG \autoleftarrow{abc}{def} GGGGGGGA \autorightarrow{abc}{def}
def def
abc abc
E
GGGGGGGC
GG \autoleftrightharpoons{abc}{def} GGGGGGGB
F GG \autorightleftharpoons{abc}{def}
def def
62
Table 185: extpfeil Extensible Arrows
abc abc
==== \xlongequal{abc} 7−−→ \xmapsto{abc}
abc abc
−−−− \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} −−−− \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}
The extpfeil package also provides a \newextarrow command to help you define
your own extensible arrow symbols. See the extpfeil documentation for more infor-
mation.
The DotArrow package provides mechanisms for lengthening the arrow, adjusting
the distance between the arrow and its symbol, and altering the arrowhead. See
the DotArrow documentation for more information.
a \dft{a} a \DFT{a}
63
Table 190: AMS Dots
∵ \because∗ ··· \dotsi ∴ \therefore∗
··· \dotsb ··· \dotsm
... \dotsc ... \dotso
∗
\because and \therefore are defined as binary relations and therefore also appear
in Table 68 on page 30.
The AMS \dots symbols are named according to their intended usage: \dotsb
between pairs of binary operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of commas,
\dotsi between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between pairs of multiplication signs,
and \dotso between other symbol pairs.
All of the above except \hdots and \vdots are defined as binary operators and
therefore also appear in Table 50 on page 23. Also, unlike most of the other dot
symbols in this document, MnSymbol’s dots are defined as single characters instead
of as composites of multiple single-dot characters.
64
Table 196: mathcomp Math Symbols
℃ \tccentigrade Ω \tcohm ‰ \tcperthousand
µ \tcmu ‱ \tcpertenthousand
65
Table 202: Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols
∠ \angle H \blacktriangledown f \mho
8 \backprime \diagdown ^ \sphericalangle
F \bigstar \diagup \square
\blacklozenge ð \eth O \triangledown
\blacksquare ♦ \lozenge ∅ \varnothing
N \blacktriangle ] \measuredangle M \vartriangle
∗
wasysym also defines an \agemO symbol, which is the same glyph as \mho but is
intended for use in text mode.
66
Table 207: Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols
∫…∫ \partialvardint ∫…∫ \partialvartint
⨚ \partialvardlanddownint ⨚ \partialvartlanddownint
⨙ \partialvardlandupint ⨙ \partialvartlandupint
∲ \partialvardlcircleleftint ∲ \partialvartlcircleleftint
∲ \partialvardlcirclerightint ∲ \partialvartlcirclerightint
∯ \partialvardoiint ∯ \partialvartoiint
∮ \partialvardoint ∮ \partialvartoint
∳ \partialvardrcircleleftint ∳ \partialvartrcircleleftint
∳ \partialvardrcirclerightint ∳ \partialvartrcirclerightint
⨏ \partialvardstrokedint ⨏ \partialvartstrokedint
⨋ \partialvardsumint ⨋ \partialvartsumint
†
nicefrac (part of the units package) or the newer xfrac package can be used to
construct vulgar fractions like “1/2”, “1/4”, “3/4”, and even “c/o”.
67
Table 213: Math Alphabets
∗
Put “\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}” in your docu-
ment’s preamble to make \mathpzc typeset its argument in Zapf Chancery.
As a similar trick, you can typeset the Calligra font’s script “r ” (or other
calligraphic symbols) in math mode by loading the calligra package and
putting “\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathcalligra}{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}”
in your document’s preamble to make \mathcalligra typeset its
argument in the Calligra font. (You may also want to specify
“\DeclareFontShape{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}{<->s*[2.2]callig15}{}” to
set Calligra at 2.2 times its design size for a better blend with typical body fonts.)
†
The mathbbol package defines some additional blackboard bold characters:
parentheses, square brackets, angle brackets, and—if the bbgreekl option
is passed to mathbbol—Greek letters. For instance, “<[(
)]>” is pro-
duced by “\mathbb{\Langle\Lbrack\Lparen\bbalpha\bbbeta\bbgamma\Rparen
\Rbrack\Rangle}”.
68
¶
As their \text. . . names imply, the fonts provided by the yfonts package are
actually text fonts. They are included in Table 213 because they are frequently
used in a mathematical context.
§
An older (i.e., prior to 1991) version of the AMS’s fonts rendered C, N, R, S,
and Z as C, N, R, S, and Z. As some people prefer the older glyphs—much to
the AMS’s surprise—and because those glyphs fail to build under modern versions
of METAFONT, Berthold Horn uploaded PostScript fonts for the older blackboard-
bold glyphs to CTAN, to the fonts/msym10 directory. As of this writing, however,
there are no LATEX 2ε packages for utilizing the now-obsolete glyphs.
69
4 Science and technology symbols
This section lists symbols that are employed in various branches of science and engineering.
Table 214: gensymb Symbols Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
℃ \celsius µ \micro ‰ \perthousand
° \degree Ω \ohm
The \phase command uses the pict2e package to draw a horizontally and verti-
cally scalable Steinmetz phasor symbol. Consequently, \phase works only with
those TEX backends supported by pict2e. See the pict2e documentation for more
information.
70
Table 220: wasysym Astronomical Symbols
' \mercury ♁ \earth X \jupiter Z \uranus \ \pluto
♀ \venus ♂ \mars Y \saturn [ \neptune
Á \Moon À \Sun
mathabx also defines \girl as an alias for \Venus, \boy as an alias for \Mars, and
\Moon as an alias for \leftmoon.
71
Table 225: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols
Í \ComputerMouse Ñ \ParallelPort Î \SerialInterface
Ï \Keyboard Ò \Printer Ð \SerialPort
∗
Changes based on the language option passed to the keystroke package. For exam-
ple, the german option makes \Del produce “ Entf ” instead of “ Del ”.
†
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in most
DVI viewers.
The \keystroke command draws a key with an arbitrary label. For example,
“\keystroke{F7}” produces “ F7 ”.
Code Page 437 (CP437), which was first utilized by the original IBM PC, uses the
symbols \SOH through \US to depict ASCII characters 1–31 and \DEL to depict
ASCII character 127. The \NUL symbol, not part of CP437, represents ASCII
character 0. \NBSP, also not part of CP437, represents a nonbreaking space.
\splitvert is merely the “|” character drawn as it was on the IBM PC.
72
Table 228: milstd Logic Gates
The milstd package, which provides the digital logic-gate symbols specified by the
U.S. Department of Defense’s MIL-STD-806 standard, was written as a LATEX 2.09
.tex file, not as a LATEX 2ε package. Consequently, it must be loaded into a
document with \input milstd, not with the more modern \usepackage{milstd}.
73
Table 232: marvosym Biological Symbols
~ \Female … \FemaleMale \MALE { \Neutral
\FEMALE } \Hermaphrodite | \Male
„ \FemaleFemale \HERMAPHRODITE ƒ \MaleMale
\gvcropped \ \smallbosonloopA
74
5 Dingbats
Dingbats are symbols such as stars, arrows, and geometric shapes. They are commonly used as bullets in
itemized lists or, more generally, as a means to draw attention to the text that follows.
The pifont dingbat package warrants special mention. Among other capabilities, pifont provides a LATEX
interface to the Zapf Dingbats font (one of the standard 35 PostScript fonts). However, rather than name each
of the dingbats individually, pifont merely provides a single \ding command, which outputs the character that
lies at a given position in the font. The consequence is that the pifont symbols can’t be listed by name in this
document’s index, so be mindful of that fact when searching for a particular symbol.
\ScissorHollowRight \ScissorRight
\ScissorLeft \ScissorRightBrokenBottom
\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom \ScissorRightBrokenTop
75
Table 241: dingbat Pencils
W \largepencil P \smallpencil
\NibRight \PencilLeftDown \PencilRightUp
\NibSolidLeft \PencilLeftUp
\NibSolidRight \PencilRight
\HandCuffLeftUp \HandLeft \HandRight
\HandCuffRight \HandLeftUp \HandRightUp
4 '
\CrossBoldOutline \CrossOutline \PlusThinCenterOpen
. (
\CrossClowerTips \Plus
\CrossMaltese \PlusCenterOpen
76
Table 249: pifont Crosses and Plusses
9 \ding{57} ; \ding{59} = \ding{61} ? \ding{63}
: \ding{58} < \ding{60} > \ding{62} @ \ding{64}
77
Table 256: bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes
N P 2
A 8 3
\Asterisk \FiveFlowerPetal \JackStar
B ; O
\AsteriskBold \FiveStar \JackStarBold
X ? U
\AsteriskCenterOpen \FiveStarCenterOpen \SixFlowerAlternate
C 7 M
\AsteriskRoundedEnds \FiveStarConvex \SixFlowerAltPetal
D 9 Q
\AsteriskThin \FiveStarLines \SixFlowerOpenCenter
0 : L
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen \FiveStarOpen \SixFlowerPetalDotted
/ < [
\DavidStar \FiveStarOpenCircled \SixFlowerPetalRemoved
Z = G
\DavidStarSolid \FiveStarOpenDotted \SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
S > K
\EightAsterisk \FiveStarOutline \SixStar
Y @ `
\EightFlowerPetal \FiveStarOutlineHeavy \SixteenStarLight
H 1 ^
\EightFlowerPetalRemoved \FiveStarShadow \Snowflake
I V _
\EightStar \FourAsterisk \SnowflakeChevron
F W ]
\EightStarBold \FourClowerOpen \SnowflakeChevronBold
E 5 \
\EightStarConvex \FourClowerSolid \Sparkle
R 6 J
\EightStarTaper \FourStar \SparkleBold
\FiveFlowerOpen \FourStarOpen \TwelweStar
78
Table 260: MnSymbol Geometric Shapes
☀ \filledlargestar ◇ \largediamond ☆ \largestar ◊ \smalllozenge
⧫ \filledlozenge ◊ \largelozenge ✡ \largestarofdavid
⧫ \filledmedlozenge
\largepentagram ◊ \medlozenge
◯ \largecircle ◻ \largesquare ✡ \medstarofdavid
The ifsym documentation points out that one can use \rlap to combine
some of the above into useful, new symbols. For example, \BigCircle and
%u
\FilledSmallCircle combine to give “ ”. Likewise, \Square and \Cross com-
0
bine to give “ ”. See Section 8.3 for more information about constructing new
symbols out of existing symbols.
79
Table 262: bbding Geometric Shapes
d u j
a v i
\CircleShadow \Rectangle \SquareShadowTopLeft
p t g
\CircleSolid \RectangleBold \SquareShadowTopRight
b f o
\DiamondSolid \RectangleThin \SquareSolid
e k n
\Ellipse \Square \TriangleDown
c m
\EllipseShadow \SquareCastShadowBottomRight \TriangleUp
s l
\EllipseSolid \SquareCastShadowTopLeft
r h
\HalfCircleLeft \SquareCastShadowTopRight
\HalfCircleRight \SquareShadowBottomRight
O E S
C B
\anchor \eye \Sborder
C
D I Z
\carriagereturn \filledsquarewithdots \squarewithdots
\checkmark \satellitedish \Zborder
80
6 Ancient languages
This section presents letters and ideograms from various ancient scripts. Some of these symbols may also be
useful in other typesetting contexts.
The protosem package defines abbreviated control sequences for each of the above.
In addition, single-letter shortcuts can be used within the argument to the
\textproto command (e.g., “\textproto{Pakyn}” produces “Pakyn”). See
the protosem documentation for more information.
81
Table 271: hieroglf Hieroglyphics
The hieroglf package defines alternate control sequences and single-letter shortcuts
for each of the above which can be used within the argument to the \textpmhg
command (e.g., “\textpmhg{Pakin}” produces “Pakin”). See the hieroglf
documentation for more information.
82
(continued from previous page)
\LinearAXIV o \LinearACXII \LinearACCX \LinearACCCVIII
\LinearAXV p \LinearACXIII \LinearACCXI \LinearACCCIX
\LinearAXVI q \LinearACXIV ! \LinearACCXII \LinearACCCX
\LinearAXVII r \LinearACXV " \LinearACCXIII \LinearACCCXI
\LinearAXVIII s \LinearACXVI # \LinearACCXIV
\LinearACCCXII
\LinearAXIX t \LinearACXVII $ \LinearACCXV \LinearACCCXIII
\LinearAXX u \LinearACXVIII % \LinearACCXVI \LinearACCCXIV
\LinearAXXI v \LinearACXIX & \LinearACCXVII \LinearACCCXV
\LinearAXXII w \LinearACXX ' \LinearACCXVIII \LinearACCCXVI
\LinearAXXIII x \LinearACXXI ( \LinearACCXIX \LinearACCCXVII
\LinearAXXIV y \LinearACXXII ) \LinearACCXX \LinearACCCXVIII
\LinearAXXV z \LinearACXXIII * \LinearACCXXI \LinearACCCXIX
\LinearAXXVI { \LinearACXXIV + \LinearACCXXII \LinearACCCXX
\LinearAXXVII | \LinearACXXV , \LinearACCXXIII \LinearACCCXXI
\LinearAXXVIII } \LinearACXXVI - \LinearACCXXIV \LinearACCCXXII
\LinearAXXIX ~ \LinearACXXVII . \LinearACCXXV \LinearACCCXXIII
\LinearAXXX \LinearACXXVIII / \LinearACCXXVI \LinearACCCXXIV
\LinearAXXXI \LinearACXXIX 0 \LinearACCXXVII \LinearACCCXXV
\LinearAXXXII \LinearACXXX 1 \LinearACCXXVIII \LinearACCCXXVI
\LinearAXXXIII \LinearACXXXI 2 \LinearACCXXIX \LinearACCCXXVII
! \LinearAXXXIV \LinearACXXXII 3 \LinearACCXXX \LinearACCCXXVIII
" \LinearAXXXV \LinearACXXXIII 4 \LinearACCXXXI \LinearACCCXXIX
# \LinearAXXXVI
\LinearACXXXIV 5 \LinearACCXXXII \LinearACCCXXX
$ \LinearAXXXVII \LinearACXXXV 6 \LinearACCXXXIII \LinearACCCXXXI
% \LinearAXXXVIII \LinearACXXXVI 7 \LinearACCXXXIV \LinearACCCXXXII
& \LinearAXXXIX \LinearACXXXVII 8 \LinearACCXXXV \LinearACCCXXXIII
' \LinearAXL \LinearACXXXVIII 9 \LinearACCXXXVI \LinearACCCXXXIV
( \LinearAXLI \LinearACXXXIX : \LinearACCXXXVII \LinearACCCXXXV
) \LinearAXLII \LinearACXL ; \LinearACCXXXVIII \LinearACCCXXXVI
* \LinearAXLIII \LinearACXLI < \LinearACCXXXIX \LinearACCCXXXVII
+ \LinearAXLIV \LinearACXLII = \LinearACCXL \LinearACCCXXXVIII
, \LinearAXLV \LinearACXLIII > \LinearACCXLI \LinearACCCXXXIX
- \LinearAXLVI \LinearACXLIV ? \LinearACCXLII ¡ \LinearACCCXL
. \LinearAXLVII \LinearACXLV @ \LinearACCXLIII ¢ \LinearACCCXLI
/ \LinearAXLVIII \LinearACXLVI A \LinearACCXLIV £ \LinearACCCXLII
0 \LinearAXLIX \LinearACXLVII B \LinearACCXLV ¤ \LinearACCCXLIII
1 \LinearAL \LinearACXLVIII C \LinearACCXLVI ¥ \LinearACCCXLIV
2 \LinearALI \LinearACXLIX D \LinearACCXLVII ¦ \LinearACCCXLV
3 \LinearALII \LinearACL E \LinearACCXLVIII § \LinearACCCXLVI
4 \LinearALIII \LinearACLI F \LinearACCXLIX ¨ \LinearACCCXLVII
5 \LinearALIV \LinearACLII G \LinearACCL © \LinearACCCXLVIII
6 \LinearALV \LinearACLIII H \LinearACCLI ª \LinearACCCXLIX
7 \LinearALVI \LinearACLIV I \LinearACCLII « \LinearACCCL
8 \LinearALVII \LinearACLV J \LinearACCLIII ¬ \LinearACCCLI
9 \LinearALVIII \LinearACLVI K \LinearACCLIV \LinearACCCLII
: \LinearALIX \LinearACLVII L \LinearACCLV ® \LinearACCCLIII
; \LinearALX \LinearACLVIII M \LinearACCLVI ¯ \LinearACCCLIV
< \LinearALXI \LinearACLIX N \LinearACCLVII ° \LinearACCCLV
= \LinearALXII \LinearACLX O \LinearACCLVIII ± \LinearACCCLVI
> \LinearALXIII \LinearACLXI P \LinearACCLIX ² \LinearACCCLVII
? \LinearALXIV ¡ \LinearACLXII Q \LinearACCLX ³ \LinearACCCLVIII
@ \LinearALXV ¢ \LinearACLXIII R \LinearACCLXI ´ \LinearACCCLIX
83
(continued from previous page)
A \LinearALXVI £ \LinearACLXIV S \LinearACCLXII µ \LinearACCCLX
B \LinearALXVII ¤ \LinearACLXV T \LinearACCLXIII ¶ \LinearACCCLXI
C \LinearALXVIII ¥ \LinearACLXVI U \LinearACCLXIV · \LinearACCCLXII
D \LinearALXIX ¦ \LinearACLXVII V \LinearACCLXV ¸ \LinearACCCLXIII
E \LinearALXX § \LinearACLXVIII W \LinearACCLXVI ¹ \LinearACCCLXIV
F \LinearALXXI ¨ \LinearACLXIX X \LinearACCLXVII º \LinearACCCLXV
G \LinearALXXII © \LinearACLXX Y \LinearACCLXVIII » \LinearACCCLXVI
H \LinearALXXIII ª \LinearACLXXI Z \LinearACCLXIX ¼ \LinearACCCLXVII
I \LinearALXXIV « \LinearACLXXII [ \LinearACCLXX ½ \LinearACCCLXVIII
J \LinearALXXV ¬ \LinearACLXXIII \ \LinearACCLXXI ¾ \LinearACCCLXIX
K \LinearALXXVI \LinearACLXXIV ] \LinearACCLXXII ¿ \LinearACCCLXX
L \LinearALXXVII ® \LinearACLXXV ^ \LinearACCLXXIII À \LinearACCCLXXI
M \LinearALXXVIII ¯ \LinearACLXXVI _ \LinearACCLXXIV Á \LinearACCCLXXII
N \LinearALXXIX ° \LinearACLXXVII ` \LinearACCLXXV Â \LinearACCCLXXIII
O \LinearALXXX ± \LinearACLXXVIII a \LinearACCLXXVI Ã \LinearACCCLXXIV
P \LinearALXXXI \LinearACLXXIX b \LinearACCLXXVII Ä \LinearACCCLXXV
Q \LinearALXXXII \LinearACLXXX c \LinearACCLXXVIII Å \LinearACCCLXXVI
R \LinearALXXXIII \LinearACLXXXI d \LinearACCLXXIX Æ \LinearACCCLXXVII
S \LinearALXXXIV \LinearACLXXXII e \LinearACCLXXX Ç \LinearACCCLXXVIII
T \LinearALXXXV \LinearACLXXXIII f \LinearACCLXXXI È \LinearACCCLXXIX
U \LinearALXXXVI \LinearACLXXXIV g \LinearACCLXXXII É \LinearACCCLXXX
V \LinearALXXXVII \LinearACLXXXV h \LinearACCLXXXIII Ê \LinearACCCLXXXI
W \LinearALXXXVIII \LinearACLXXXVI i \LinearACCLXXXIV Ë \LinearACCCLXXXII
X \LinearALXXXIX \LinearACLXXXVII j \LinearACCLXXXV Ì \LinearACCCLXXXIII
Y \LinearALXXXX \LinearACLXXXVIII k \LinearACCLXXXVI Í \LinearACCCLXXXIV
Z \LinearAXCI
\LinearACLXXXIX l \LinearACCLXXXVII Î \LinearACCCLXXXV
[ \LinearAXCII \LinearACLXXXX m \LinearACCLXXXVIII Ï \LinearACCCLXXXVI
\ \LinearAXCIII \LinearACXCI n \LinearACCLXXXIX Ð \LinearACCCLXXXVII
] \LinearAXCIV
\LinearACXCII o \LinearACCLXXXX Ñ \LinearACCCLXXXVIII
^ \LinearAXCV \LinearACXCIII p \LinearACCXCI Ò \LinearACCCLXXXIX
_ \LinearAXCVI \LinearACXCIV q \LinearACCXCII
` \LinearAXCVII \LinearACXCV r \LinearACCXCIII
a \LinearAXCVIII \LinearACXCVI s \LinearACCXCIV
84
Table 273: linearb Linear B Basic and Optional Letters
a \Ba j \Bja B \Bmu ] \Bpte ‘ \Broii 4 \Bto
; \Baii J \Bje n \Bna I \Bpu V \Bru 5 \Btu
< \Baiii b \Bjo N \Bne \ \Bpuii s \Bsa ~ \Btwo
= \Bau L \Bju C \Bni q \Bqa S \Bse u \Bu
d \Bda k \Bka E \Bno Q \Bqe Y \Bsi w \Bwa
D \Bde K \Bke F \Bnu X \Bqi 1 \Bso W \Bwe
f \Bdi c \Bki @ \Bnwa 8 \Bqo 2 \Bsu 6 \Bwi
g \Bdo h \Bko o \Bo r \Bra { \Bswa 7 \Bwo
x \Bdu v \Bku p \Bpa ^ \Braii | \Bswi z \Bza
> \Bdwe m \Bma [ \Bpaiii _ \Braiii t \Bta Z \Bze
? \Bdwo M \Bme P \Bpe R \Bre } \Btaii 9 \Bzo
e \Be y \Bmi G \Bpi O \Bri T \Bte
i \Bi A \Bmo H \Bpo U \Bro 3 \Bti
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
85
Table 276: linearb Linear B Ideograms
Ž \BPamphora ź \BPchassis ă \BPman Š \BPwheat
ij \BParrow Ř \BPcloth ț \BPnanny ž \BPwheel
Ş \BPbarley ŋ \BPcow Ț \BPolive Ť \BPwine
ť \BPbilly Ÿ \BPcup ń \BPox Ż \BPwineiih
ľ \BPboar š \BPewe ĺ \BPpig IJ \BPwineiiih
Ű \BPbronze ě \BPfoal ś \BPram İ \BPwineivh
ň \BPbull ş \BPgoat ř \BPsheep ą \BPwoman
đ \BPcauldroni Ź \BPgoblet ł \BPsow Ś \BPwool
§ \BPcauldronii Ů \BPgold ¡ \BPspear
ÿ \BPchariot ď \BPhorse ż \BPsword
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
86
Table 279: sarabian South Arabian Letters
a \SAa z \SAz m \SAm x \SAsd D \SAdb
b \SAb H \SAhd n \SAn q \SAq J \SAtb
g \SAg T \SAtd s \SAs r \SAr G \SAga
d \SAd y \SAy f \SAf S \SAsv Z \SAzd
h \SAh k \SAk ‘ \SAlq t \SAt X \SAsa
w \SAw l \SAl o \SAo I \SAhu B \SAdd
87
7 Other symbols
The following are all the symbols that didn’t fit neatly or unambiguously into any of the previous sections.
(Do weather symbols belong under “Science and technology”? Should dice be considered “mathematics”?)
While some of the tables contain clearly related groups of symbols (e.g., musical notes), others represent motley
assortments of whatever the font designer felt like drawing.
See also \flat, \sharp, and \natural (Table 201 on page 65).
See also \flat, \sharp, and \natural (Table 201 on page 65).
88
Table 286: harmony Musical Symbols
== ==
ˇ “ˇ “ \AAcht /D
D \DDohne ˘“ \Halb ˇ“ \SechBR > \VM
==
=ˇ=(
“ \Acht /D \Dohne < \HaPa ˇ “= \SechBr ˇ “* \Zwdr
ˇ “ == \AchtBL ss \Ds ‰ \Pu @ \SePa A \ZwPa
ˇ“ \AchtBR SS \DS ˇ“ \Sech \UB
==ˇ ) “
<
∗
These symbols take an optional argument which shifts the accent either horizontally
or vertically (depending on the command) by the given distance.
Note that these symbols descend far beneath the baseline. manfnt also defines non-
descending versions, which it calls, correspondingly, \textdbend, \textlhdbend,
and \textreversedvideodbend.
89
Table 290: marvosym Navigation Symbols
· \Forward » \MoveDown ´ \RewindToIndex ¼ \ToTop
¸ \ForwardToEnd º \MoveUp µ \RewindToStart
¹ \ForwardToIndex ¶ \Rewind ½ \ToBottom
\bauforms \bauhead
90
Table 296: Miscellaneous fourier Symbols
L \bomb M \grimace N \textthing∗ T \textxswup∗
B \danger A \noway U \textxswdown∗
∗
fourier defines math-mode aliases for a few of the preceding symbols:
\thething (“N”), \xswordsup (“T”), and \xswordsdown (“U”).
D
a clock displaying the corresponding time. For instance, “\showclock{5}{40}”
produces “ ”. hhoursi must be an integer from 0 to 11, and hminutesi must be an
integer multiple of 5 from 0 to 55.
91
Table 300: Other ifsym Symbols
\FilledSectioningDiamond \Letter \Radiation
\Fire \PaperLandscape \SectioningDiamond
\Irritant \PaperPortrait ( \Telephone
i 0 i
\ClockStyle \ClockFramefalse \ClockFrametrue
0
1 12ii 0012ii
2
3 3i 03i
The clock package provides a \clock command to typeset an arbitrary time on
an analog clock (and \clocktime to typeset the document’s build time). For
example, the clocks in the above table were produced with \clock{15}{41}. Clock
symbols are composed from a font of clock-face fragments using one of four values
for \ClockStyle and either \ClockFrametrue or \ClockFrametrue as illustrated
above. See the clock documentation for more information.
The \fcdice command accepts values larger than 6. For example, “\fcdice{47}”
produces “ ”.
92
Table 305: skull Symbols
A \skull
93
Table 308: skak Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares
q \BlackQueenOnWhite 0 \WhiteEmptySquare
The skak package also provides commands for drawing complete chessboards. See
the skak documentation for more information.
The igo package is intended to typeset Go boards (goban). See the igo documen-
tation for more information.
94
Table 310: metre Metrical Symbols
× \a
¯˘¯˘´
\bBm \cc ¯˘´¯˘ \Mbb ˙˙ \Pppp ⊗ \t
´˘ \B
¯˘´¯˘
\bbm \Ccc ¯˘¯¯˘¯˘ \mbbx ˙ \pppp \tsbm
˘ \b
¯˘˘¯˘˘
\Bbm
¯
\m ◦◦ \oo ˙˙˙ \Ppppp \tsmb
´˘˘ \Bb ¯˘¯ \bbmb ´¯ \M \p ˙˙ \ppppp \tsmm
˙ ˙˙
˘´˘ ¯˘˘¯¯¯˘
\BB \bbmx ¯ \ma \pm \ps \vppm
¯˙
×
¯˙
˘˘ \bb
˘ \bm ¯´˘ \Mb ˙˙ \pp ˙˙ \pxp
¯˙
\vpppm
˘˘´ \bB ´¯˘¯ \Bm ¯˘ \mb ˙˙ \Pp ˙˙ \Pxp ˙˙˙˙ \x
˘˘
× \bba \c ¯˘´¯˘ \mBb
¯˙˙˙
\ppm ∼ \R
˘˘˘ \bbb \C ¯˘¯˘´ \mbB
˙ \ppp ∼ \r
¯˘´¯˘
\BBm \Cc ¯˘¯˘ \mbb ˙˙˙ \Ppp ⊗ \T
˙
The preceding symbols are valid only within the argument to the metre command.
The teubner package provides a \newmetrics command that helps users combine
the preceding symbols as well as other teubner symbols. For example, the predefined
\pentam symbol uses \newmetrics to juxtapose six \longas, two \barbbrevises,
four \brevises, and a \dBar into “λθλθλ||λββλββλ”. See the teubner docu-
mentation for more information.
95
Table 313: dictsym Dictionary Symbols
a \dsaeronautical c \dscommercial m \dsmedical
G \dsagricultural H \dsheraldical X \dsmilitary
A \dsarchitectural J \dsjuridical R \dsrailways
B \dsbiological L \dsliterary T \dstechnical
C \dschemical M \dsmathematical
\Bart \Homer
\Maggie \SNPP
The location of the characters’ pupils can be controlled with the \Goofy command.
See A METAFONT of ‘Simpsons’ characters [Che97] for more information. Also,
each of the above can be prefixed with \Left to make the character face left instead
of right:
\Left\Bart
96
Table 315: pmboxdraw Box-Drawing Symbols
\textblock \textSFli \textSFxli \textSFxxiii
\textdkshade \textSFlii \textSFxlii \textSFxxiv
\textdnblock \textSFliii \textSFxliii \textSFxxv
\textlfblock \textSFliv \textSFxliv \textSFxxvi
\textltshade \textSFv \textSFxlix \textSFxxvii
\textrtblock \textSFvi \textSFxlv \textSFxxviii
\textSFi \textSFvii \textSFxlvi \textSFxxxix
\textSFii \textSFviii \textSFxlvii \textSFxxxvi
\textSFiii \textSFx \textSFxlviii \textSFxxxvii
\textSFiv \textSFxi \textSFxx \textSFxxxviii
\textSFix \textSFxix \textSFxxi \textshade
\textSFl \textSFxl \textSFxxii \textupblock
Code Page 437 (CP437), which was first utilized by the original IBM PC, contains
the set of box-drawing symbols (sides, corners, and intersections of single- and
double-ruled boxes) shown above in character positions 176–223. These symbols
also appear in the Unicode Box Drawing and Block Element tables.
The pmboxdraw package draws the CP437 box-drawing symbols using TEX rules
(specifically, \vrule) instead of with a font and thereby provides the ability to
alter both rule width and the separation between rules. See the pmboxdraw docu-
mentation for more information.
97
(continued from previous page)
The meanings of these symbols are described on the Web site for the Mu-
seum of Icelandic Sorcery and Witchcraft at http://www.galdrasyning.is/
index.php?option=com content&task=category§ionid=5&id=18&Itemid=
60 (TinyURL: http://tinyurl.com/25979m). For example, \staveL (“1”) is
intended to ward off ghosts and evil spirits.
98
A
A
Table 320: recycle Recycling Symbols
A \recycle \Recycle
\RECYCLE
The METAFONT code that implements the recycling symbols shown above is,
in the words of its author, “awful code [that] doesn’t even put the logo
in a box (properly)”. Expect to receive “Inconsistent equation (off by
hnumber i)” errors from METAFONT. Fortunately, if you tell METAFONT to pro-
ceed past those errors (e.g., by pressing Enter after each one or by specifying
“-interaction=nonstopmode” on the METAFONT command line) it should pro-
duce a valid font.
The commands listed above should be used within a group (e.g., “{\recycle}”)
because they exhibit the side effect of changing the font to the recycle font.
99
8 Additional Information
Unlike the previous sections of this document, Section 8 does not contain new symbol tables. Rather, it provides
additional help in using the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List. First, it draws attention to symbol names used
by multiple packages. Next, it provides some guidelines for finding symbols and gives some examples regarding
how to construct missing symbols out of existing ones. Then, it comments on the spacing surrounding symbols
in math mode. After that, it presents an ASCII and Latin 1 quick-reference guide, showing how to enter all of
the standard ASCII/Latin 1 symbols in LATEX. And finally, it lists some statistics about this document itself.
\renewcommand\rmdefault{cmr}
\renewcommand\sfdefault{cmss}
\renewcommand\ttdefault{cmtt}
100
Table 321: Symbol Name Clashes
Symbol LATEX 2ε AMS stmaryrd wasysym mathabx marvosym bbding ifsym dingbat wsuipa
\baro <
\bigtriangledown 5
`
\bigtriangleup 4
a
\checkmark X D
\Circle 5
\Cross †
#
*
101
\ggg ≫ Ï
\Letter B
\lightning
\Lightning E
\lll ≪ Î
\Square f 0
\Sun @ À
\TriangleDown o 3
\TriangleUp n 1
Table 322: Example of a Benign Name Clash
Default txfonts
Symbol (Computer Modern) (Times Roman)
R R R
\textrecipe
Symbol Default size \big \Big \bigg \Bigg \left / \right \fontsize
\} }
o ™ )
}
\uparrow ↑
x
x
x
x
x
↑
top
top-middle (extensible)
middle
−→
middle-bottom (extensible)
bottom
102
• The symbol isn’t intuitively named. As a few examples, the ifsym command to draw dice is “\Cube”; a
plus sign with a circle around it (“exclusive or” to computer engineers) is “\oplus”; and lightning bolts
in fonts designed by German speakers may have “blitz” in their names as in the ulsy package. The moral
of the story is to be creative with synonyms when searching the index.
• The symbol is defined by some package that I overlooked (or deemed unimportant). If there’s some
symbol package that you think should be included in the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List, please send
me e-mail at the address listed on the title page.
• The symbol isn’t defined in any package whatsoever.
Even in the last case, all is not lost. Sometimes, a symbol exists in a font, but there is no LATEX binding
for it. For example, the PostScript Symbol font contains a “↵” symbol, which may be useful for representing
a carriage return, but there is no package (as far as I know) for accessing that symbol. To produce an
unnamed symbol, you need to switch to the font explicitly with LATEX 2ε ’s low-level font commands [LAT00]
and use TEX’s primitive \char command [Knu86a] to request a specific character number in the font.5 In fact,
X
\char is not strictly necesssary; the character can often be entered symbolically. For example, the symbol
for an impulse train or Tate-Shafarevich group (“ ”) is actually an uppercase sha in the Cyrillic alphabet.
(Cyrillic is supported by the OT2 font encoding, for instance). While a sha can be defined numerically as
“{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char88}” it may be more intuitive to use the OT2 font encoding’s “SH”
ligature: “{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont SH}”.
\def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=}
where \mathrel and \joinrel are used to control the horizontal spacing. \def is the TEX primitive upon
which LATEX’s \newcommand is based. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more information on all three of those
commands.
With some simple pattern-matching, one can easily define a backward \models sign (“=|”):
\def\ismodeledby{=\joinrel\mathrel|}
In general, arrows/harpoons, horizontal lines (“=”, “-”, “\relbar”, and “\Relbar”), and the various math-
extension characters can be combined creatively with miscellaneous other characters to produce a variety of
new symbols. Of course, new symbols can be composed from any set of existing characters. For instance, LATEX
defines \hbar (“~”) as a “¯” character (\mathchar’26) followed by a backspace of 9 math units (\mkern-9mu),
followed by the letter “h”:
\def\hbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-9muh}}
5 pifont defines a convenient \Pisymbol command for accessing symbols in PostScript fonts by number. For example,
“\Pisymbol{psy}{191}” produces “↵”.
6 As an example, Xdvi ignores both \reflectbox and \rotatebox.
7 More common symbols for representing “such that” include “|”, “:”, and “s.t.”.
103
We can just as easily define other barred letters:
\def\bbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-9mu b}}
\def\dbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-12mu d}}
(The space after the “mu” is optional but is added for clarity.) \bbar and \dbar define “b̄” and “¯
d”, respectively.
Note that \dbar requires a greater backward math kern than \bbar; a −9 mu kern would have produced the
less-attractive “d̄” glyph.
The amsmath package provides \overset and \underset commands for placing one symbol respectively
G
above or below another. For example, \overset{G}{\sim}8 produces “∼” (sometimes used for “equidecom-
posable with respect to G”).
Sometimes an ordinary tabular environment can be co-opted into juxtaposing existing symbols into a new
symbol. Consider the following definition of \asterism (“** * ”) from a June 2007 post to comp.text.tex by
Peter Flynn:
\newcommand{\asterism}{\smash{%
\raisebox{-.5ex}{%
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{-.5pt}%
\begin{tabular}{@{}cc@{}}%
\multicolumn2c*\\[-2ex]*&*%
\end{tabular}}}}
Note how the space between columns (\tabcolsep) and rows (\\[. . . ]) is made negative to squeeze the
asterisks closer together.
There is a TEX primitive called \mathaccent that centers one mathematical symbol atop another. For
·
example, one can define \dotcup (“∪”)—the composition of a \cup and a \cdot—as follows:
\newcommand{\dotcup}{\ensuremath{\mathaccent\cdot\cup}}
The catch is that \mathaccent requires the accent to be a “math character”. That is, it must be a character
in a math font as opposed to a symbol defined in terms of other symbols. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more
information.
Another TEX primitive that is useful for composing symbols is \vcenter. \vcenter is conceptually similar
to “\begin{tabular}{l}” in LATEX but takes a list of vertical material instead of \\-separated rows. Also,
it vertically centers the result on the math axis. (Many operators, such as “+” and “−” are also vertically
centered on the math axis.) Enrico Gregorio posted the following symbol definition to comp.text.tex in
March 2004 in response to a query about an alternate way to denote equivalence:
\newcommand*{\threesim}{%
\mathrel{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\hbox{$\sim$}\vskip-.35ex\hbox{$\sim$}\vskip-.35ex\hbox{$\sim$}}}}
The \threesim symbol, which vertically centers three \sim (“∼”) symbols with 0.35 x-heights of space between
them, is rendered as “∼∼
∼”. \offinterlineskip is a macro that disables implicit interline spacing. Without
it, \threesim would have a full line of vertical spacing between each \sim. Because of \vcenter, \threesim
aligns properly with other math operators: a ÷ b ∼ ∼
∼ c × d.
A related LATEX command, borrowed from Plain TEX, is \ooalign. \ooalign vertically overlaps symbols
and works both within and outside of math mode. Essentially, it creates a single-column tabular environment
with zero vertical distance between rows. However, because it is based directly on TEX’s \ialign primitive,
\ooalign uses TEX’s tabular syntax instead of LATEX’s (i.e., with \cr as the row terminator instead of \\). The
following example of \ooalign, a macro that defines a standard-state symbol (\stst, “− ◦
”) as a superscripted
9
Plimsoll line (\barcirc, “−◦ ”), is due to an October 2007 comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau:
\makeatletter
\providecommand\barcirc{\mathpalette\@barred\circ}
\def\@barred#1#2{\ooalign{\hfil$#1-$\hfil\cr\hfil$#1#2$\hfil\cr}}
\newcommand\stst{^{\protect\barcirc}}
\makeatother
8L
AT
EX’s \stackrel command is similar but is limited to placing a symbol above a binary relation.
9 While \barcirc illustrates how to combine symbols using \ooalign, the stmaryrd package’s \minuso command (Table 46 on
page 22) provides a similar glyph (“
”) as a single, indivisible symbol.
104
In the preceding code, note the \ooalign call’s use of \hfil to horizontally center a minus sign (“−”) and
a \circ (“◦”).
As another example of \ooalign, consider the following code (due to Enrico Gregorio in a June 2007 post
to comp.text.tex) that overlaps a \ni (“3”) and two minus signs (“− −”) to produce “3−−”, an obscure variation
on the infrequently used “3” symbol for “such that”discussed on page 103:
\newcommand{\suchthat}{%
\mathrel{\ooalign{$\ni$\cr\kern-1pt$-$\kern-6.5pt$-$}}}
The slashed package, although originally designed for producing Feynman slashed-character notation, in
fact facilitates the production of arbitrary overlapped symbols. The default behavior is to overwrite a given
character with “/”. For example, \slashed{D} produces “D”. / However, the \declareslashed command
provides the flexibility to specify the mathematical context of the composite character (operator, relation,
punctuation, etc., as will be discussed in Section 8.4), the overlapping symbol, horizontal and vertical adjust-
ments in symbol-relative units, and the character to be overlapped. Consider, for example, the symbol for
reduced quadrupole moment (“I”). - This can be declared as follows:
\newcommand{\rqm}{{%
\declareslashed{}{\text{-}}{0.04}{0}{I}\slashed{I}}}
\declareslashed{·}{·}{·}{·}{I} affects the meaning of all subsequent \slashed{I} commands in the same
scope. The preceding definition of \rqm therefore uses an extra set of curly braces to limit that scope to
a single \slashed{I}. In addition, \rqm uses amstext’s \text macro (described on the next page) to make
\declareslashed use a text-mode hyphen (“-”) instead of a math-mode minus sign (“−”) and to ensure that
the hyphen scales properly in size in subscripts and superscripts. See slashed’s documentation (located in
slashed.sty itself) for a detailed usage description of the \slashed and \declareslashed commands.
Somewhat simpler than slashed is the centernot package. centernot provides a single command, \centernot,
which, like \not, puts a slash over the subsequent mathematical symbol. However, instead of putting the slash
at a fixed location, \centernot centers the slash over its argument. \centernot might be used, for example,
to create a “does not imply” symbol:
6=⇒ \not\Longrightarrow
vs.
6
=⇒ \centernot\Longrightarrow
\def\topbotatom#1{\hbox{\hbox to 0pt{$#1\bot$\hss}$#1\top$}}
\newcommand*{\topbot}{\mathrel{\mathchoice{\topbotatom\displaystyle}
{\topbotatom\textstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptscriptstyle}}}
The following is another example that uses \mathchoice to construct symbols in different math modes.
The code defines a principal value integral symbol, which is an integral sign with a line through it.
\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice
{\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
105
\!\int}
\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
\vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
\def\ddashint{\Xint=}
\def\dashint{\Xint-}
(The preceding code was taken verbatim from the UK TERX Users’ Group FAQ at http://www.tex.ac.uk/
faq.) R\dashint produces a single-dashed integral sign (“−”), while \ddashint produces a double-dashed R
one (“=”). The \Xint macro Rdefined above can also be usedR to generate a wealthR of new integrals: “”
(\Xint\circlearrowright), “ ” (\Xint\circlearrowleft), “⊂” (\Xint\subset), “∞” (\Xint\infty), and
so forth.
LATEX 2ε provides a simple wrapper for \mathchoice that sometimes helps produce terser symbol def-
initions. The macro is called \mathpalette and it takes two arguments. \mathpalette invokes the first
argument, passing it one of “\displaystyle”, “\textstyle”, “\scriptstyle”, or “\scriptscriptstyle”,
followed by the second argument. \mathpalette is useful when a symbol macro must know which math
style is currently in use (e.g., to set it explicitly within an \mbox). Donald Arseneau posted the following
\mathpalette-based definition of a probabilistic-independence symbol (“⊥ ⊥”) to comp.text.tex in June 2000:
\newcommand\independent{\protect\mathpalette{\protect\independenT}{\perp}}
\def\independenT#1#2{\mathrel{\rlap{$#1#2$}\mkern2mu{#1#2}}}
The \independent macro uses \mathpalette to pass the \independenT helper macro both the current math
style and the \perp symbol. \independenT typesets \perp in the current math style, moves two math units to
the right, and finally typesets a second—overlapping—copy of \perp, again in the current math style. \rlap,
which enables text overlap, is described later on this page.
√
Some people like their square-root signs with a trailing “hook” (i.e., “ ”) as this helps visually distinguish
√ √
expressions like “ 3x ” from those like “ 3x”. In March 2002, Dan Luecking posted a \mathpalette-based
definition of a hooked square-root symbol to comp.text.tex:
\def\hksqrt{\mathpalette\DHLhksqrt}
\def\DHLhksqrt#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1\sqrt{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0
\advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0
\setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}%
{\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}}
Notice how \DHLhksqrt uses \mathpalette to recover the outer math style (argument #1) from within an
\hbox. The rest of the code is simply using TEX primitives to position a hook of height 0.2 times the \sqrt
height at the right of the \sqrt. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more understanding of TEX “boxes” and
“dimens”.
Sometimes, however, amstext’s \text macro is all that is necessary to make composite symbols appear
.”) and \nwsearrow
correctly in subscripts and superscripts, as in the following definitions of \neswarrow (“%
&”):10
(“-
\newcommand{\neswarrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nearrow$\llap{$\swarrow$}}}}
\newcommand{\nwsearrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nwarrow$\llap{$\searrow$}}}}
\text resembles LATEX’s \mbox command but shrinks its argument appropriately when used within a subscript
or superscript. \llap (“left overlap”) and its counterpart, \rlap (“right overlap”), appear frequently when
creating composite characters. \llap outputs its argument to the left of the current position, overlapping
whatever text is already there. Similarly, \rlap overlaps whatever text would normally appear to the right
of its argument. For example, “A\llap{B}” and “\rlap{A}B” each produce “A B”. However, the result of the
former is the width of “A”, and the result of the latter is the width of “B”—\llap{. . . } and \rlap{. . . } take
up zero space.
In a June 2002 post to comp.text.tex, Donald Arseneau presented a general macro for aligning an arbitrary
number of symbols on their horizontal centers and vertical baselines:
10 Note that if your goal is to typeset commutative diagrams or pushout/pullback diagrams, then you should probably be using
XY-pic.
106
\makeatletter
\def\moverlay{\mathpalette\mov@rlay}
\def\mov@rlay#1#2{\leavevmode\vtop{%
\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskiplimit-\maxdimen
\ialign{\hfil$#1##$\hfil\cr#2\crcr}}}
\makeatother
The \makeatletter and \makeatother commands are needed to coerce LATEX into accepting “@” as
part of a macro name. \moverlay takes a list of symbols separated by \cr (TEX’s equivalent of
LATEX’s \\). For example, the \topbot command defined on page 105 could have been expressed as
“\moverlay{\top\cr\bot}” and the \neswarrow command defined on the previous page could have been
expressed as “\moverlay{\nearrow\cr\swarrow}”.
The basic concept behind \moverlay’s implementation is that \moverlay typesets the given symbols in a
table that utilizes a zero \baselineskip. This causes every row to be typeset at the same vertical position.
See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for explanations of the TEX primitives used by \moverlay.
\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\p@ is a LATEX 2ε shortcut for “pt” or “1.0pt”. The remaining commands are defined in The
TEXbook [Knu86a]. To draw a version of \ddots with the dots going along the opposite diagonal, we merely
have to reorder the \raise7\p@, \raise4\p@, and \raise\p@:
\makeatletter
\def\revddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\makeatother
\revddots is essentially identical to the mathdots package’s \iddots command or the yhmath package’s \adots
command.
107
\makeatletter
\def\equalsfill{$\m@th\mathord=\mkern-7mu
\cleaders\hbox{$\!\mathord=\!$}\hfill
\mkern-7mu\mathord=$}
\makeatother
TEX’s \cleaders and \hfill primitives are the key to understanding \equalsfill’s extensibility. Essen-
tially, \equalsfill repeats a box containing “=” plus some negative space until it fills the maximum avail-
able horizontal space. \equalsfill is intended to be used with LATEX’s \stackrel command, which stacks
one mathematical expression (slightly reduced in size) atop another. Hence, “\stackrel{a}{\rightarrow}”
a definition
produces “→” and “X \stackrel{\text{definition}}{\hbox{\equalsfill}} Y” produces “X ======= Y ”.
If all that needs to extend are horizontal and vertical lines—as opposed to repeated symbols such as the
“=” in the previous example—LATEX’s array or tabular environments may suffice. Consider the following
code (due to a February 1999 comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau and subsequent modifications by Billy
Yu and Scott Pakin) for typesetting annuity and life-insurance symbols:
\DeclareRobustCommand{\actuarial}[2][]{%
\def\arraystretch{0}%
\setlength\arraycolsep{0.5pt}%
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{0.5pt}%
\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle#1#2$}%
\begin{array}[b]{*2{@{}>{\scriptstyle}c}|}
\cline{2-2}%
\rule[1.25pt]{0pt}{\ht0}%
#1 & #2%
\end{array}%
}
Using the preceding definition, one can type, e.g., “$a_{\actuarial{n}}$” to produce “an ” and
“$a_{\actuarial[x:]{n}}$” to produce “ax:n ”
A more complex example of composing accents is the following definition of extensible \overbracket,
\underbracket, \overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis symbols, taken from a May 2002
comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau:
\makeatletter
\def\overbracket#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
\downbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underbracket#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\overparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
\downparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\downparenthfill{$\m@th\braceld\leaders\vrule\hfill\bracerd$}
\def\upparenthfill{$\m@th\bracelu\leaders\vrule\hfill\braceru$}
\def\upbracketfill{$\m@th\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\def\downbracketfill{$\m@th
\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\makeatother
108
Table 324 showcases these accents. The TEXbook [Knu86a] or another book on TEX primitives is indispensible
for understanding how the preceding code works. The basic idea is that \downparenthfill, \upparenthfill,
\downbracketfill, and \upbracketfill do all of the work; they output a left symbol (e.g., \braceld [“z”]
for \downparenthfill), a horizontal rule that stretches as wide as possible, and a right symbol (e.g., \bracerd
[“{”] for \downparenthfill). \overbracket, \underbracket, \overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis
merely create a table whose width is determined by the given text, thereby constraining the width of the
horizontal rules.
Note that the simplewick package provides mechanisms for typesetting Wick contractions, which uti-
lize \overbracket- and \underbracket-like brackets of variable width and height (or depth). For ex-
ample, “\acontraction{}{A}{B}{C}\acontraction[2ex]{A}{B}{C}{D}\bcontraction{}{A}{BC}{D}ABCD”
produces
ABCD .
A
10 pt.
vs. A
20 pt.
vs. A
30 pt.
vs. A
40 pt.
vs. A A 50 pt.
vs.
60 pt.
lightbulb.mf, shown in Figure 3, draws a light bulb using the parameters defined in lightbulb10.mf.
vs. A
70 pt.
Note that the the filenames “lightbulb10.mf” and “lightbulb.mf” do not follow the Berry font-naming
scheme [Ber01]; the Berry font-naming scheme is largely irrelevant for symbol fonts, which generally lack bold,
italic, small-caps, slanted, and other such variants.
The code in Figures Figure 2 and Figure 3 is heavily commented and should demonstrate some of the
basic concepts behind METAFONT usage: declaring variables, defining points, drawing lines and curves, and
preparing to debug or fine-tune the output. Again, The METAFONTbook [Knu86b] is the definitive reference
on METAFONT programming.
11 I’m not a very good artist; you’ll have to pretend that “A” looks like a light bulb.
109
font identifier := "LightBulb10"; % Name the font.
font size 10pt#; % Specify the design size.
em# := 10pt#; % “M” width is 10 points.
cap# := 7pt#; % Capital letter height is 7 points above the baseline.
sb# := 1/4pt#; % Leave this much space on the side of each character.
o# := 1/16pt#; % Amount that curves overshoot borders.
input lightbulb % Load the file that draws the actual glyph.
110
METAFONT can produce “proofs” of fonts—large, labeled versions that showcase the logical structure of
each character. In fact, proof mode is METAFONT’s default mode. To produce a proof of lightbulb10.mf,
issue the following commands at the operating-system prompt:
You can then view lightbulb10.dvi with any DVI viewer. The result is shown in Figure 4. Observe how the
grid defined with makegrid at the bottom of Figure 3 draws vertical lines at positions 0, sb, w/2, and w − sb
and horizontal lines at positions 0, −1pt, y2 , and h. Similarly, observe how the penlabels command labels all
of the important coordinates: z1 , z2 , . . . , z8 and z67 , which lightbulb.mf defines to lie between z6 and z7 .
4 2
8 5
3
7 67 6
Most, if not all, TEX distributions include a Plain TEX file called testfont.tex which is useful for testing
new fonts in a variety of ways. One useful routine produces a table of all of the characters in the font:
*\bye
[1]
Output written on testfont.dvi (1 page, 1516 bytes).
Transcript written on testfont.log.
The resulting table, stored in testfont.dvi and illustrated in Figure 5, shows every character in the font.
To understand how to read the table, note that the character code for “A”—the only character defined by
lightbulb10.mf—is 41 in hexadecimal (base 16) and 101 in octal (base 8).
The LightBulb10 font is now usable by TEX. LATEX 2ε , however, needs more information before documents
can use the font. First, we create a font-description file that tells LATEX 2ε how to map fonts in a given font
family and encoding to a particular font in a particular font size. For symbol fonts, this mapping is fairly simple.
Symbol fonts almost always use the “U” (“Unknown”) font encoding and frequently occur in only one variant:
normal weight and non-italicized. The filename for a font-description file important; it must be of the form
“hencodingihfamilyi.fd”, where hencodingi is the lowercase version of the encoding name (typically “u” for
symbol fonts) and hfamilyi is the name of the font family. For LightBulb10, let’s call this “bulb”. Figure 6 lists
the contents of ubulb.fd. The document “LATEX 2ε Font Selection” [LAT00] describes \DeclareFontFamily
and \DeclareFontShape in detail, but the gist of ubulb.fd is first to declare a U-encoded version of the bulb
font family and then to specify that a LATEX 2ε request for a U-encoded version of bulb with a (m)edium font
111
Test of lightbulb10 on March 11, 2003 at 1127
´0 ´1 ´2 ´3 ´4 ´5 ´6 ´7
´10x A
˝4x
´11x
˝8 ˝9 ˝A ˝B ˝C ˝D ˝E ˝F
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{bulb}{}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{bulb}{m}{n}{<-> lightbulb10}{}
series (as opposed to, e.g., bold) and a (n)ormal font shape (as opposed to, e.g., italic) should translate into a
TEX request for lightbulb10.tfm mechanically scaled to the current font size.
The final step is to write a LATEX 2ε style file that defines a name for each symbol in the font. Because
we have only one symbol our style file, lightbulb.sty (Figure 7), is rather trivial. Note that instead of
typesetting “A” we could have had \lightbulb typeset “\char65”, “\char"41”, or “\char’101” (respectively,
decimal, hexadecimal, and octal character offsets into the font). For a simple, one-character symbol font
such as LightBulb10 it would be reasonable to merge ubulb.fd into lightbulb.sty instead of maintaining
two separate files. In either case, a document need only include “\usepackage{lightbulb}” to make the
\lightbulb symbol available.
\newcommand{\lightbulb}{{\usefont{U}{bulb}{m}{n}A}}
METAFONT normally produces bitmapped fonts. However, it is also possible, with the help of some
external tools, to produce PostScript Type 1 fonts. These have the advantages of rendering better in Adobe®
Acrobat® (at least in versions prior to 6.0) and of being more memory-efficient when handled by a PostScript
interpreter. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=textrace for pointers to tools that can
produce Type 1 fonts from METAFONT.
\DeclareMathOperator{\atan}{atan}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\lcm}{lcm}
112
Table 325: Spacing Around/Within Log-like Symbols
The difference between \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* involves the handling of sub-
scripts. With \DeclareMathOperator*, subscripts are written beneath log-like symbols in display style and
to the right in text style. This is useful for limit operators (e.g., \lim) and functions that tend to map over
a set (e.g., \min). In contrast, \DeclareMathOperator tells TEX that subscripts should always be displayed
to the right of the operator, as is common for functions that take a single parameter (e.g., \log and \cos).
Table 326 contrasts symbols declared with \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* in both text
style ($. . .$) and display style (\[. . .\]).12
It is common to use a thin space (\,) between the words of a multiword operators, as in
“\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{arg\,max}”. \liminf, \limsup, and all of the log-like symbols shown
in Table 129 utilize this spacing convention.
12 Note that \displaystyle can be used to force display style within $. . .$ and \textstyle can be used to force text style
113
8.6 ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference
Table 328 amalgamates data from various other tables in this document into a convenient reference for
LATEX 2ε typesetting of ASCII characters, i.e., the characters available on a typical U.S. computer keyboard.
The first two columns list the character’s ASCII code in decimal and hexadecimal. The third column shows
what the character looks like. The fourth column lists the LATEX 2ε command to typeset the character as a text
character. And the fourth column lists the LATEX 2ε command to typeset the character within a \texttt{. . .}
command (or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).
Dec Hex Char Body text \texttt Dec Hex Char Body text \texttt
33 21 ! ! ! 62 3E > \textgreater >
34 22 " \textquotedbl " 63 3F ? ? ?
35 23 # \# \# 64 40 @ @ @
36 24 $ \$ \$ 65 41 A A A
37 25 % \% \% 66 42 B B B
38 26 & \& \& 67 43 C C C
.. .. .. .. ..
39 27 ’ ’ ’ . . . . .
40 28 ( ( ( 90 5A Z Z Z
41 29 ) ) ) 91 5B [ [ [
42 2A * * * 92 5C \ \textbackslash \char‘\\
43 2B + + + 93 5D ] ] ]
44 2C , , , 94 5E ˆ \^{} \^{}
45 2D - - - 95 5F \_ \char‘\_
46 2E . . . 96 60 ‘ ‘ ‘
47 2F / / / 97 61 a a a
48 30 0 0 0 98 62 b b b
49 31 1 1 1 99 63 c c c
.. .. .. .. ..
50 32 2 2 2 . . . . .
.. .. .. .. ..
. . . . . 122 7A z z z
57 39 9 9 9 123 7B { \{ \char‘\{
58 3A : : : 124 7C | \textbar |
59 3B ; ; ; 125 7D } \} \char‘\}
60 3C < \textless < 126 7E ˜ \~{} \~{}
61 3D = = =
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 328:
• The characters “<”, “>”, and “|” do work as expected in math mode, although they produce, respectively,
“¡”, “¿”, and “—” in text mode when using the OT1 font encoding.13 The following are some alternatives
for typesetting “<”, “>”, and “|”:
– Specify a document font encoding other than OT1 (as described on page 8).
– Use the appropriate symbol commands from Table 2 on page 9, viz. \textless, \textgreater,
and \textbar.
– Enter the symbols in math mode instead of text mode, i.e., $<$, $>$, and $|$.
Note that for typesetting metavariables many people prefer \textlangle and \textrangle to \textless
and \textgreater; i.e., “hfilenamei” instead of “<filename>”.
13 Donald Knuth didn’t think such symbols were important outside of mathematics so he omitted them from his text fonts.
114
• Although “/” does not require any special treatment, LATEX additionally defines a \slash command
which outputs the same glyph but permits a line break afterwards. That is, “increase/decrease” is
always typeset as a single entity while “increase\slash{}decrease” may be typeset with “increase/”
on one line and “decrease” on the next.
• \textasciicircum can be used instead of \^{}, and \textasciitilde can be used instead of \~{}.
Note that \textasciitilde and \~{} produce raised, diacritic tildes. “Text” (i.e., vertically centered)
tildes can be generated with either the math-mode \sim command (shown in Table 67 on page 30),
which produces a somewhat wide “∼”, or the textcomp package’s \texttildelow (shown in Table 40
on page 20), which produces a vertically centered “~” in most fonts but a baseline-oriented “~” in
Computer Modern, txfonts, pxfonts, and various other fonts originating from the TEX world. If your
goal is to typeset tildes in URLs or Unix filenames, your best bet is to use the url package, which has a
number of nice features such as proper line-breaking of such names.
• The various \char commands within \texttt are necessary only in the OT1 font encoding. In other
encodings (e.g., T1), commands such as \{, \}, \_, and \textbackslash all work properly.
• The code page 437 (IBM PC) version of ASCII characters 1 to 31 can be typeset using the ascii package.
See Table 227 on page 72.
• To replace “‘” and “’” with the more computer-like (and more visibly distinct) “`” and “'” within
a verbatim environment, use the upquote package. Outside of verbatim, you can use \char18 and
\char13 to get the modified quote characters. (The former is actually a grave accent.)
Similar to Table 328, Table 329 on the next page is an amalgamation of data from other tables in this
document. While Table 328 shows how to typeset the 7-bit ASCII character set, Table 329 shows the Latin 1
(Western European) character set, also known as ISO-8859-1.
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 329:
• A “(tc)” after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access that symbol.
A “(T1)” means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can change the
font encoding document-wide.
• Many of the \text. . . accents can also be produced using the accent commands shown in Table 17 on
page 14 plus an empty argument. For instance, \={} is essentially the same as \textasciimacron.
• The commands in the “LATEX 2ε ” columns work both in body text and within a \texttt{. . .} command
(or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).
• The “£” and “$” glyphs occupy the same slot (36) of the OT1 font encoding, with “£” appearing in italic
fonts and “$” appearing in roman fonts. A problem with LATEX’s default handling of this double-mapping
is that “{\sffamily\slshape\pounds}” produces “$”, not “£”. Other font encodings use separate slots
for the two characters and are therefore robust to the problem of “£”/”$” conflicts. Authors who use
\pounds should select a font encoding other than OT1 (as explained on page 8) or use the textcomp
package, which redefines \pounds to use the TS1 font encoding.
• Character 173, \-, is shown as “-” but is actually a discretionary hyphen; it appears only at the end of
a line.
Microsoft® Windows® normally uses a superset of Latin 1 called “Code Page 1252” or “CP1252” for
short. CP1252 introduces symbols in the Latin 1 “invalid” range (characters 128–159). Table 330 presents the
characters with which CP1252 augments the standard Latin 1 table.
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 330:
• As in Table 329, a “(tc)” after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access
that symbol. A “(T1)” means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can
change the font encoding document-wide.
• Not all characters in the 128–159 range are defined.
• Look up “euro signs” in the index for alternatives to \texteuro.
115
Table 329: LATEX 2ε Latin 1 Table
116
Table 330: LATEX 2ε Code Page 1252 Table
While too large to incorporate into this document, a listing of ISO 8879:1986 SGML/XML character entities
and their LATEX equivalents is available from http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/. Some of the characters
presented there make use of isoent, a LATEX 2ε package (available from the same URL) that fakes some of the
missing ISO glyphs using the LATEX picture environment.14
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ucs}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
14 isoent is not featured in this document, because it is not available from CTAN and because the faked symbols are not “true”
characters; they exist in only one size, regardless of the body text’s font size.
15 UTF-8 is the 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format, a popular mechanism for representing Unicode symbol numbers as
117
\usepackage{textcomp}
which produces
It was a balmy 21℃.
See the ucs documentation for more information and for descriptions of the various options that control
ucs’s behavior.
\newcommand{\textjuni}[1]{{\fontspec{Junicode-Regular}#1}}
\begin{document}
We use ‘‘\textjuni{\char"2123}’’ for a versicle
and ‘‘\textjuni{\char"211F}’’ for a response.
\end{document}
which produces
We use “ ” for a versicle and “ ” for a response.
(Typesetting the entire document in Junicode Regular would be even easier. See the fontspec documentation
for more information regarding font selection.) Note how the preceding example uses \char to specify a
Unicode character by number. The double quotes before the number indicate that the number is represented
in hexadecimal instead of decimal.
118
• the addition of a handful of new math alphabets, dozens of new font tables, and thousands of new
symbols
• the categorization of the symbol tables into body-text symbols, mathematical symbols, science and
technology symbols, dingbats, ancient languages, and other symbols, to provide a more user-friendly
document structure
• an index, table of contents, hyperlinks, and a frequently-requested symbol list, to help users quickly
locate symbols
• symbol tables rewritten to list the symbols in alphabetical order
Furthermore, the internal structure of the document has been completely altered from David Carlisle’s original
version. Most of the changes are geared towards making the document easier to extend, modify, and reformat.
Build characteristics Table 331 lists some of this document’s build characteristics. Most important is the list
of packages that LATEX couldn’t find, but that symbols.tex otherwise would have been able to take advantage
of. Complete, prebuilt versions of this document are available from CTAN (http://www.ctan.org/ or one
of its many mirror sites) in the directory tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive. Table 332 shows the
package date (specified in the .sty file with \ProvidesPackage) for each package that was used to build this
document and that specifies a package date. Packages are not listed in any particular order in either Table 331
or Table 332.
Name Date
textcomp 2005/09/27
latexsym 1998/08/17
119
(continued from previous page)
Name Date
amssymb 2002/01/22
stmaryrd 1994/03/03
euscript 2001/10/01
wasysym 2003/10/30
pifont 2005/04/12
manfnt 1999/07/01
bbding 1999/04/15
undertilde 2000/08/08
ifsym 2000/04/18
tipa 2002/08/08
tipx 2003/01/01
wsuipa 1994/07/16
metre 2001/12/05
txfonts 2008/01/22
mathabx 2003/07/29
skak 2008/10/09
ascii 2006/05/30
dingbat 2001/04/27
skull 2002/01/23
eurosym 1998/08/06
yfonts 2003/01/08
mathdots 2006/03/16
trsym 2000/06/25
universa 98/08/01
upgreek 2003/02/12
chemarr 2006/02/20
mathtools 2008/08/01
phaistos 2004/04/23
arcs 2004/05/09
t4phonet 2004/06/01
semtrans 1998/02/10
dictsym 2004/07/26
extarrows 2008/05/15
protosem 2005/03/18
harmony 2007/05/03
hieroglf 2000/09/23
cclicenses 2005/05/20
arev 2005/06/14
MnSymbol 2007/01/21
extpfeil 2006/07/27
keystroke 2003/08/15
fge 2007/06/03
turnstile 2007/06/23
epsdice 2007/02/15
feyn 2008/02/29
universal 97/12/24
colonequals 2006/08/01
shuffle 2008/10/27
pmboxdraw 2006/05/03
pigpen 2008/12/07
clock 2001/04/10
teubner 2008/02/10
120
(continued from previous page)
Name Date
linearA 2006/03/13
linearb 2005/06/22
cypriot 1999/06/20
sarabian 2005/11/12
china2e 1997/06/01
harpoon 1994/11/02
steinmetz 2009/06/14
DotArrow 2007/02/12
ushort 2001/06/13
hhcount 1995/03/31
ogonek 95/07/17
combelow 2009/08/23
accents 2006/05/12
nicefrac 1998/08/04
bm 2004/02/26
calligra 1996/07/18
This work may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the LATEX Project Public License, either
version 1.3c of this license or (at your option) any later version. The latest version of this license is in
http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LATEX version 2006/05/20 or later.
121
References
[AMS99] American Mathematical Society. User’s Guide for the amsmath Package (Version 2.0), December 13,
1999. Available from ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf.
[Ber01] Karl Berry. Fontname: Filenames for TEX fonts, June 2001. Available from http://www.ctan.org/
tex-archive/info/fontname.
[Gib97] Jeremy Gibbons. Hey—it works! TUGboat, 18(2):75–78, June 1997. Available from http://
www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb18-2/tb55works.pdf.
[Knu86a] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, volume A of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
MA, USA, 1986.
[Knu86b] Donald E. Knuth. The METAFONTbook, volume C of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[Lam86] Leslie Lamport. LATEX: A document preparation system. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[LAT98] LATEX3 Project Team. A new math accent. LATEX News. Issue 9, June 1998. Available from
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/ltnews09.pdf (also included in many TEX
distributions).
[LAT00] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2ε font selection, January 30, 2000. Available from http://
www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.ps (also included in many TEX distri-
butions).
122
Index
If you’re having trouble locating a symbol, try looking under “T” for “\text. . .”. Many text-mode commands begin
with that prefix. Also, accents are shown over/under a gray box (e.g., “ á ” for “\’”).
Some symbol entries appear to be listed repeatedly. This happens when multiple packages define identical (or nearly
identical) glyphs with the same symbol name.17
123
Cypriot . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \Angud (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \ArrowBoldDownRight ( ) . 75 y
Cyrillic . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \angud (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \ArrowBoldRightCircled ( ) 75 {
Greek . . . . . 50, 51, 68, 87 angular minutes . . . . see \prime
\ArrowBoldRightShort ( ) . . 75z
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . 51, 68 angular seconds . . . see \second
\ArrowBoldRightStrobe ( ) 75 w
hieroglyphic . . . . . . . . . 82
Linear A . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Angus (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\angus (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 x
\ArrowBoldUpRight ( ) . . . 75
Linear B . . . . . . . . . . . 85 animals . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 82, 86 \Arrownot (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \Ankh (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \arrownot (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
phonetic . . . . . . . . 11–14 annuity symbols . . . . . . . . 108 arrows 41–43, 47, 61–63, 72, 75,
proto-Semitic . . . . . . . . 81 \Antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . . . 95 81, 86, 90, 103
South Arabian . . . . . . . 87 \antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . . . 95 diagonal, for reducing subex-
Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . 10 \Antidiple* (< · ) . . . . . . . . . 95
·
pressions . . . . . . . . . . 59
\alphaup (α) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \antidiple* (< ·
· ) . . . . . . . . . 95 dotted . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
alpine symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \antilabe (.. .. ) . . . . . . . . . . 64 double-headed, diagonal 106
\Alt ( Alt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \Antisigma (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . 95 extensible . . . . . . . 59–63
alternative denial . see \uparrow \antisigma (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . 95 fletched . . . . . . . . . 47, 75
and | \Anun (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 negated w. . . . . . . 41, 42, 44
\AltGr ( AltGr ) . . . . . . . . . 72 \Ape (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \Arrowvert (w) . . . . . . . . . 54
X
X
APL X
X
\Arrowvert (X X
\amalg (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\amalg (∐) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . 71 X) . . . . . . . . . 55
symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \arrowvert () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\Amem (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 RR
\APLbox (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 RR
ampersand . . . . . . . . . . see \&
\APLcirc (◦) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \arrowvert ( RRR) . . . . . . . . . . 55
AMS . 8, 10, 22, 26, 30, 31, 36, Arseneau, Donald 104, 106–108
\APLcomment () . . . . . . . . . 71
38, 39, 41, 49–54, 58, 59, 61, \Asade (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\APLdown (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
64–66, 69, 100, 118 \Asamekh (s) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\APLdownarrowbox (o) . . . . 71
amsbsy (package) . . . . . . . . 113 ASCII . . 8, 10, 72, 100, 114–115,
\APLinput (}) . . . . . . . . . . 71
amsfonts (package) 22, 30, 36, 41, 117, 119
\APLinv (÷~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
65, 68 table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
\APLleftarrowbox (p) . . . . 71
amsmath (package) . . 8, 49, 58, ascii (package) 72, 115, 119, 120
\APLlog () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
104, 112 \ascnode () . . . . . . . . . . . 71
amssymb (package) 8, 22, 30, 36, \APLminus (−) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLnot (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \Ashin (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
41, 58, 65, 68, 87, 119, 120, aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
123 \APLrightarrowbox (q) . . . . 71
\APLstar (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
amstext (package) . . . . 105, 106 \ast (∗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Anaclasis (÷) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \APLup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLuparrowbox (n) . . . . . . 71 \ast (∗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\anaclasis (÷) . . . . . . . . . . 95
\anceps (Ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \APLvert ( | ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \Asteriscus (× ····) . . . . . . . . . 95
\apprge (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \asteriscus (× ····) . . . . . . . . . 95
\ancepsdbrevis (Ζ) . . . . . . . 95 \Asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . 23
O
\anchor ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\apprle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\approx (≈) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 N
\Asterisk ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
ancient-language symbols 81–87
A
\approx (≈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
and . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \wedge \approxcolon (≈:) . . . . . . . 36 \AsteriskBold ( ) . . . . . . . 78
AND gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \approxcoloncolon (≈::) . . . 36 \AsteriskCenterOpen ( ) . . 78 B
\approxeq (u) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\approxeq (≊) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\AsteriskRoundedEnds ( ) . 78 X
\ANDd () . . . . . . . . . . . 73 asterisks . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 78
\Aqoph (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
C
\AsteriskThin ( ) . . . . . . . 78
D
\Aquarius (ê) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\ANDl () . . . . . . . . . . 73
A
\aquarius (e) . . . . . . . . . . 71 \AsteriskThinCenterOpen ( )
\AR ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 . . . . . . . . . 78
ar (package) . . . . . . . . 70, 119 \asterism (** * ) . . . . . . . . . 104
\ANDr () . . . . . . . . . . 73 arc (
a) . . . . . . . . . see accents astrological symbols . . . . . . . 71
\arccos (arccos) . . . . . . . . . 49 astronomical symbols . . . 71, 98
arcminutes . . . . . . . see \prime \astrosun () . . . . . . . . . . 71
\ANDu () . . . . . . . . . . . 73 arcs (package) . . . . 17, 119, 120 \asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\angle (∠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 arcseconds . . . . . . . see \second \asymp (≍) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\angle (6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \arcsin (arcsin) . . . . . . . . . 49 \atan (atan) . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\angle (∠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \arctan (arctan) . . . . . . . . . 49 \ataribox (m) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
angle notation . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \Aresh (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \Atav (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65–67 arev (package) . 67, 88, 119, 120 \Ateth (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Anglesign (W) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \arg (arg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \AtForty (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . 90
Ångström unit \Aries (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \AtNinetyFive (Ó) . . . . . . 90
math mode see \mathring \Aries (à) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 atomic math objects . . 49, 113
text mode . . . . . . see \AA \aries () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \AtSixty (Õ) . . . . . . . . . . 90
124
\autoleftarrow (DGGGGG) . . . 62 \baro (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \bbm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\barp (A) . . . . . . . . . .
˘˘ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bbmb ¯(¯
\autoleftrightharpoons
. . . . 13 ¯˘˘¯˘
barred letters . . . . . . . . . . 104 \bbmx ( ¯¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\barrightharpoon (ß) . . . . 43 ¯˘˘¯˘() . . . . . . . . . . . 68
(E
GGGGGC
GG ) . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \bbnabla
\barsci (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 bbold (package) . . . . . . 68, 119
\autorightarrow (GGGGGA) . . 62 \barscu (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \bbpe (Ô) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbqof (×) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\autorightleftharpoons
\bbrevis (ς) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
GGGGGB
(F GG ) . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \Bart ( ) . . . . . . . . . 96 \bbslash (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\baru (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \bbyod (É) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\barwedge (X) .
\Avav (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \bcontraction . . . . . . . . . 109
. . . . . . . . . 23
average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\barwedge (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \Bda (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Ayn (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
base-twelve digits . . . . . . . . 65 \Bde (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Ayod (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Bat (ý) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \bdecisive (i) . . . . . . . . . 93
\Azayin (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Bau (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Bdi (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
B
\bauarrow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 75
\baucircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\Bdo (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\B (´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
..
..
10
95 \baucircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80 \Bdu (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
˘
b (esvect package option) . .. 61
\baucross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 77 \Bdwe (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\b (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
\baudash ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \Bdwo (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
¯
\b ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95 \baueclipse ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80 \Be (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
˘
\bauequal ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \Beam (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Ba (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85
\bauface ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \Bearing (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
babel (package) . . . . . . .
\babygamma (!) . . . . . . . .
50,
..
87
13
\bauforms ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \because (∵) . . . . . . . . 30, 64
\backapprox () . . . . . . . .. 32 \bauforms (
) . . . . . . . . . 90 \because (∵) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\backapproxeq () . . . . . .. 32
\bauhead ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \BEL (␇) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\backcong (≌) . . . . . . . . . .. 32 \bell (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\bauhead ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 90 Berry, Karl . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\backepsilon () . . . . . . .. 30
\backeqsim () . . . . . . . . .. 32 \bauhole ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \beta (β) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\bauplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \betaup (β) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\backneg (⌐) . . . . . . . . . . .. 66
\baupunct ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80 \beth (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\backprime (8) . . . . . . . . .. 66
\bauquarter ( ) . . . . . . . . . 90 \beth (ℶ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\backprime (‵) . . . . . . . . .. 66
\bauquestion ( ) . . . . . . . . 90 \betteris (b) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\backsim (v) . . . . . . . . . .. 30
\backsim (∽) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 \bausquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80 \between ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\bausquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80 \between (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\backsimeq (w) . . . . . . . .. 30
\bautriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\backsimeq (⋍) . . . . . . . . .. 32 \between () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\bautriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\backslash (\) . . . . . . . 54, 65 \Bi (i) . .”. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bauwhitearrow ( ) . . . . . . 75
\backslash (/) . . . . . . . . . 55
\bauwindow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 90
\bibridge (a ”) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
biconditional . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\BB ( ´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\backslashdiv () . . . . . . . 23 ˘˘
\Bb (´ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
. see \leftrightarrow and
\backtriplesim () . . . . . . . 32 ˘˘
\bB ( ´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\equiv
\Baii (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 ˘˘
\bb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Bicycle (®) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\Baiii (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
˘˘
\bba (˘×˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102
\big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102
banana brackets . . . . . . . . . . . \bbalpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
big O (O) . see alphabets, math
\bigast () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
. see \llparenthesis and \bbar (b̄) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
{
\rrparenthesis \bbb (˘˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\banceps (Ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
˘
\bbbeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \bigbosonloop () . . . . . . . . 74
\bar (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\barb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Bbbk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\bigbosonloopA () [ . . . . . . . 74
bbding (package) 75–78, 80, 101,
\barbbrevis (θ) . . . . . . . . 95 119, 120 \bigbosonloopV () . . . . . . . 74
\bbdollar ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 68
e
\barbrevis (ι) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \bigbox ( ) . . . .Ö..... . . . 26
\barcirc (−◦ ) . . . . . . . . . . 104 \bbetter (g) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \bigboxasterisk ( Þ ) .. . . . 26
\bard () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \bbeuro (û) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \bigboxbackslash
Û
( ) . . . . 27
\bari (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \bbfinalnun (Ï) . . . . . . . . . 68 \bigboxbot ( Õ) ...... . . . 27
\barin (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \bbgamma (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \bigboxcirc ( ) . .× ... . . . 27
\barj (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 bbgreekl (mathbbol package op- \bigboxcoasterisk
Ó
( ) . . . 27
\barl (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \bigboxdiv (Ô) . . . . . . . . . 27
\barlambda () . . . . . . . . . . 13 \BBm ( ´ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \bigboxdot ( Ø) ...... . . . 27
\barleftharpoon (Þ) . . . . . 43
˘¯˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Bbm (¯
˘´˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bBm (¯¯
\bigboxleft ( Ñ ) ..... . . . 27
¯˘¯˘´
\baro () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 ( ) ....
\bigboxminus Ð . . . 27
\baro ( vs. <) . . . . . . . . . 101 bbm (package) . . . . . . . 68, 119 \bigboxplus ( ) . . . . . . . . 27
125
Ù N
\bigboxright (Ý) . . . . . . . 27 \bigotimes ( ) . . . . . . . . . 25 birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\bigboxslash (Ò) . . . . . . . 26 \bigotimesÊ(⊗) . . . . . . . . . 29 bishop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\bigboxtimesÚ( ) . . . . . . . 26 \bigotop ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \bishoppair (a) . . . . . . . . . 93
\bigboxtop ( ) . . .ß . . . . . . 26 \bigotriangle (F)Ï. . . . . . . 29 \Bja (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bigboxtriangleup ( ) . . . 26 \bigotriangleup ( ) . . . . . 26
Ü \Bje (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bigboxvoid ( ) . . . . . . . . 27 \bigovert (⦶)Ì
. . . . . . . . . . 29
T
\bigcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \bigovoid ( ) f . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Bjo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bju (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bigcap (⋂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \bigparallel˙ ( ) . . . . . . . . 26
\bigcapdot (⩀) . . . . . . . . . . 29 \bigparr () . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \Bka (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bigcapplus ($) . . . . . . . . . 29 \bigplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Bke (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bigcirc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \bigplus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcirc (◯) . . . . . . . . . . . 79 /
( ) . . . . 79
\Bki (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
%
\BigRightDiamond
\Bko (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BigCircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 79 \bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\Bku (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bigcircle (◯) . . . . . . . . . 29 \bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigcoast () . . .. . . . . . . 23
\bigcomplementop ( ) . . . . . 27
\bigsqcap (⊓) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcapdot (,) . . . . . . . . 29
\BlackBishopOnBlack (a) 94
\BigCrossS( ) . . . . . . . . . . 79 \bigsqcapplus ( ) . . . . . . . 27
\BlackBishopOnWhite (b) 94
\bigcup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \bigsqcapplusF (0) . . . . . . . 29
\bigcup (⋃) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \bigsqcup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25 blackboard bold see alphabets,
\bigsqcup (⊔) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 math
\blackdiamond () . . . . . . . 23
\bigcupdot (⊍) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcupdot (.) . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcupplus (⊎) . . . . . . . . 29
Z) .
\bigsqcupplus ( ) . . . . . . . 27
\bigcupplus (⊎)
. . . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcupplus (2) . . . . . . . 29 \BlackEmptySquare ( 94
\bigcurlyvee (b ) . . . . . . . . 26
\BlackKingOnBlack (j) .
\bigcurlyvee ( ) . . . . . . . . 26 \BigSquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 79
\bigcurlyvee (⋎) . . . . . . . . 29 \bigsquplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 27 94
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\BlackKingOnWhite (k) .
\bigcurlyveedot () . . . . . 29
\bigcurlywedge (c ) . . . . . . 26 \bigstar (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 66 94
\bigstar (☀) . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\BlackKnightOnBlack (m)
\bigcurlywedge ( ) . . . . . . 26
\bigcurlywedge (⋏) . . . . . . 29 \bigtimes ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 27
94
\bigtimes (⨉) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
# \BlackKnightOnWhite (n)
\bigcurlywedgedot () . . . . 29
&
\BigDiamondshape ( ) . . . . 79 \BigTriangleDown (` ) . . . . 79
\bigtriangledown ( ) . ` . . . 26
94
\bigdoublecurlyvee () . . . 29 \blacklozenge () . . . . . . . 66
\bigdoublecurlywedge () . 29 \bigtriangledown (5 vs. ) 101 \blacklozenge (⧫) . . . . . . . 79
\bigtriangledown (5) . . . . 22
o) .
\bigdoublevee (⩔) . . . . . . . 29
\bigtriangledown (▽) . . . . 40
"
\bigdoublewedge (⩕) . . . . . 29 \BlackPawnOnBlack ( 94
\BigTriangleLeft ( ) . . . . 79
\BlackPawnOnWhite (p) .
\Bigg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102
\bigg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102 $
\BigTriangleRight ( ) . . . 79 94
!
\BlackQueenOnBlack (l)
\BigHBar ( ) . . g. . . . . . . . . 79 \BigTriangleUp (a ) . . . . . . 79
\biginterleave ( ) . . . . . . 26 \bigtriangleup ( ) . .a. . . . 26 94
_
\BlackQueenOnWhite (q)
\BigLowerDiamond ( ) . . . . 79 \bigtriangleup (4 vs. ) 101
\bignplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26 \bigtriangleup (4) . . . . . . 22 94
U (△) . . . . . . 40
\bigtriangleup
\BlackRookOnBlack (s) .
\bigoast (⊛) . Æ . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigoasterisk ( Î ) . . . . . . . 27 \biguplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25 94
\BlackRookOnWhite (r) .
\bigobackslash ( ) . . . . . . 27 \biguplus (⊎) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigobackslash (⦸) . . . . . . 29 \bigvarstar () . . . . . . . . . 23 94
Ë
\bigobot ( Å ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \BigVBar W
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \blacksmiley (-) . . . . . . . . 88
\bigocirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 27 \bigvee ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \blacksquare () . . . . . . . . 66
\bigocirc (⊚) . .Ç . . . . . . . . 29 \bigvee (⋁) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \blacksquare (∎) . . . . . . . . 25
\bigocoasterisk
Ã
( ) . . . . . 27 \bigveedot V (
) . . . . . . . . . . 29 \blackstone . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\bigodiv (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \bigwedge ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25 \blacktriangle (N) . . . . . . 66
\bigodot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \bigwedge (⋀) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \blacktriangle (▲) . . . . . . 40
\bigodot (⊙) È
. . . . . . . . . . . 29 \bigwedgedot˘ () . . . . . . . . 29 \blacktriangledown () . . . 25
\bigoleft ( Á ) . . . . . . . . . . 27 \bigwith ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \blacktriangledown (H) . . . 66
\bigominus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 27 \binampersand (N) . . . . . . . 22 \blacktriangledown (▼) . . . 40
\bigominus L (⊖) . . . . . . . . . 29 binary operators . . . . . . 22–25 \blacktriangleleft () . . . 25
\bigoplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25 binary relations . . 30–32, 34–39, \blacktriangleleft (J) . . . 39
\bigoplus (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . 29 47, 48 \blacktriangleleft (◀) . . . 40
\blacktriangleright ()
É
\bigoright (Í) . . . . . . . . . 26 negated . . . . . . . . . 31–33 . . 25
\bigoslash ( ) . . . . . . . . . 26 \bindnasrepma (O) . . . . . . . 22 \blacktriangleright (I) . . 39
\bigoslash (⊘) . . . . . . . . . 29 \Biohazard (h) . . . . . . . . . 74 \blacktriangleright (▶) . . 40
\bigostar (⍟) . . . . . . . . . . 29 biological symbols . . . . . . . . 74 \blacktriangleup () . . . . . 25
126
blank . . . . . . . see \textblank bold symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 113 \boy (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Bleech (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \boldmath . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 \Bpa (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\blitza ( ) . . . . . . . . . 21, 48 \boldsymbol . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\boxtriangleup (o) . . . . . . 25
\BNxxx (˛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \BPwineivh (İ) . . . . . . . . . 86
\Bo (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \boxvert (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \BPwoman (ą) . . . . . . . . . . . 86
body-text symbols . . . . . . 9–20 \boxvoid (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \BPwool (Ś) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
127
\BPwta (Ă) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \capricornus (d) . . . . . . . . 71
\BUFr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \capturesymbol (X) . . . . . . 93
\BPwtb (Ą) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BUFu () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
card suits . . . . . . . . . 65–67, 80
\BPwtc (Ć) . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
cardinality . . . . . . . see \aleph
\BPwtd (Č) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \BUi (fl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 care of (c/o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\Bqa (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \BUii (ffi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 caret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \^
\Bqe (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \BUiii (ffl) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Carlisle, David . . . . 1, 118, 119
\Bqi (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \BUiv (␣) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 caron (ǎ) . . . . . . . . see accents
carriage return . . . . 72, 80, 103
\Bqo (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \BUix (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\bullet (•) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C
\carriagereturn ( ) . . . . . 80
\Bra (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Cartesian product . . see \times
bra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \bullet (●) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
bullseye . . . see \textbullseye
\Bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\braceld (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 109 \castlingchar (O) . . . . . . . 93
\bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\bracerd ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 109 \castlinghyphen (-) . . . . . . 93
\bracevert ( ) . . . . . . . . . 54 \catal (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
⎪
⎪
\Bumpeq (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
⎪
⎪
\Catalexis (∧) . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bracevert ( ⎪ ⎪
\Bumpeq (≎) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
⎪) . . . . . . . . . 55
\bumpeq (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\catalexis (∧) . . . . . . . . . . 95
brackets . . . . . . . see delimiters catamorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\bumpeq (≏) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Braii (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 . see \llparenthesis and
\bupperhand (e) . . . . . . . . . 93
\rrparenthesis
\Braiii (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\cb (a,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
braket (package) . . . . . . . . . 54
\Bre (R) . . . .
\Break ( Break
..
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
...
. . . 85
. . . 72
\Burns ( ) . . . . . . . . 96
\Cc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\cc (
CC ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\BusWidth ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 73 \cc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\breve (˘) . . .. . . .... . . . 57 \BUv (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \ccby (
BY: ) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\breve (ă) . . .. . . .... . . . 17 \BUvi (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \Ccc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
breve (ă) . . . . .. . . see accents cclicenses (package) 19, 119, 120
\BUvii (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\brevis (β) . .. . . .... . . . 95 \ccnc (
$ ) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\
\BUviii ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \ccnd (
= ) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Bri (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BUx (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \ccsa (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
C
\Bro (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BUxi (’) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \cdot (·) . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 104
\Broii (‘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \cdot (⋅) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 64
\BUxii () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\brokenvert (|) . . . . . . . . . . 88 \cdotp (·) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Bronger, Torsten . . . . . . . . 105 \Bwa (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\cdotp (⋅) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\Bru (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Bwe (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \cdots (· · · ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\BS (␈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \Bwi (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Ce (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Bsa (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Bwo (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Cedi . see \textcolonmonetary
\Bse (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Bza (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 cedilla (¸) . . . . . . . see accents
\BSEfree (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \Bze (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 celestial bodies . . . . . . . 71, 98
\celsius (℃) . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\Bsi (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Bzo (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Celtcross (‡) . . . . . . . . . . 90
\Bso (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \cent (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
C
\BSpace ( →−7 ) . . . . . . . . . 72
\C ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \centerdot (
) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Bsu (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 c (esvect package option) . . . 61 \centerdot () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Bswa ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \c (a̧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 116 centernot (package) . . . . . . 105
\c ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \centernot . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
\Bswi (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
centigrade . . . see \textcelsius
\Bta (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Ca (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\centre (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
calligra (package) . . 68, 119, 121
\Btaii (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 cents . . . . . . . . . see \textcent
Calligra (font) . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\Bte (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \CEsign (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
calrsfs (package) . . . . . . . . . 68
\Bti (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \CAN (␘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \Cga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Bto (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 cancel (package) . . . . . . . . . 59 chancery (package) . . . . . . . 119
\Cancer (ã) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \changenotsign . . . . . . . . . 32
\Btu (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \char . . . . 8, 103, 112, 115, 118
\cancer (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Btwe () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \Cap (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Charter (font) . . . . . . . . 18, 30
\Btwo (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Cap (⋒) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \check (ˇ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Bu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \cap (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 check marks . 10, 66, 77, 80, 88,
\cap (∩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 90, 101
\BUFd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \cap (∩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \checked () . . . . . . . . . . . 88
buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \capdot (⩀) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \CheckedBox (2 ) . . . . . . . . . 77
\Checkedbox (V) . . . . . . . . . 90
!
\capplus (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\BUFl () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \Capricorn (é) . . . . . . . . . . 71 \Checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 77
128
\checkmark (X) . . . . . . . . . 10 \circledwedge (T) . . . . . . . 23 \Cna (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
D
\checkmark (✓) . . . . . . . . . 66 \circleleft () . . . . . . . . 42 \Cne (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\circleright () . . . . . . . 42
D
\checkmark (X vs. ) . . . . 101 \Cni (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
circles . . . . . . . . . 79–80, 88, 94
\checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80
" d
\CircleShadow ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\Cno (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\CheckmarkBold ( ) . . . . . . 77
\checksymbol (+) . . . . . . . . 93 a
\CircleSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\Cnu (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Co (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\coAsterisk () . . . . . . . . . 23
chemarr (package) . 62, 119, 120 \Circpipe (›) . . . . . . . . . . 73
chemarrow (package) 47, 62, 119 \circplus () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Circsteel (•) . . . . . . . . . 73 \coasterisk () . . . . . . . . . 23
\chemarrow (A) . . . . . . . . . 47
circumflex (â) . . . . see accents code page 1252 . . . . . . . . . 115
Chen, Raymond . . . . . . . . 122
\circumflexus (ã) . . . . . . . 17 table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
chess symbols . . . . . . . . 93, 94
code page 437 . . . . . 72, 97, 115
\chesscomment (RR) . . . . . . 93 \Cja (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Coffeecup (K) . . . . . . . . . 90
\chessetc (P) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \Cjo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \coh (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\chesssee (l) . . . . . . . . . . 93 \Cka (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 coins, ancient . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\chi (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\Cke (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
china2e (package) 19, 49, 68, 98, \colon ( : ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
119, 121 \Cki (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\colon (∶) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\chiup (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Cko (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Colonapprox () . . . . . . . 31
\Ci (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \Cku (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \Colonapprox (::≈) . . . . . . . 34
cipher symbols . . . . . . . . . . 98 \Cla (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \colonapprox (:≈) . . . . . . . 36
\circ (◦) . . . . . . . . 22, 67, 105 \Cle (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \colonapprox (:≈) . . . . . . . . 34
\circ (○) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \colonapprox (
) . . . . . . . . 31
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\CleaningA («) . . . . . . . . . . 90
\CleaningF (¾) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \coloncolon (::) . . . . . . . . . 36
\circeq ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \CleaningFF (¿) . . . . . . . . . 90 \coloncolonapprox (::≈) . . . 36
\circeq (≗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \CleaningP (¬) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \coloncolonequals (::=) . . . 36
\CIRCLE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 \coloncolonminus (::−) . . . . 36
5
\CleaningPP () . . . . . . . . . 90
\Circle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \coloncolonsim (::∼) . . . . . 36
5
\Cli (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Circle (# vs. ) . . . . . . 101 \clickb (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Coloneq (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Circle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 \clickc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Coloneq (::−) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\circlearrowleft (ö) . . . . 42 \clickt (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \coloneq () . . . . . . . . 21, 32
\circlearrowleft ( ) . . . . 41 \coloneq (:−) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Clo (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\coloneq (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1i
\circlearrowleft (↺) . . . . 44
\circlearrowright (÷) . . . . 42
clock (package) . . . 92, 119, 120
\coloneq (∶=) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\circlearrowright () . . . 41 \clock ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \Coloneqq (F) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\circlearrowright (↻) . . . 44 \clock () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 \Coloneqq (::=) . . . . . . . . . . 34
circled numbers . . . . . . . 77, 94 clock symbols . . . . . . 88, 90–92 \coloneqq (:=) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\CircledA (ª) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \ClockFramefalse . . . . . . . . 92 \coloneqq (B) . . . . . . . 21, 31
\circledast (~) . . . . . . . . . 22 \ClockFrametrue . . . . . . . . 92 colonequals (package) 21, 36, 119,
\circledast (⊛) . . . . . . . . . 25 \Clocklogo (U) . . . . . . . . . . 90 120
\circledbar (V) . . . . . . . . . 23 \ClockStyle . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \colonequals (:=) . . . . 21, 36
\circledbslash (W) . . . . . . 23 \clocktime . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \colonminus (:−) . . . . . . . . 36
\circledcirc (}) . . . . . . . . 22 \closedcurlyvee (¾) . . . . . . 24 \Colonsim () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\circledcirc (⊚) . . . . . . . . 25 \closedcurlywedge (¼) . . . . 24 \Colonsim (::∼) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\circleddash () . . . . . . . . 22 \closedequal (Ü) . . . . . . . . 33 \colonsim (:∼) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\circleddash (⊖) . . . . . . . . 25 \closedniomega (?) . . . . . . 13 \colonsim (:∼) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\circleddot . . . . . . see \odot \closedprec (½) . . . . . . . . . 33 \colonsim () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\circleddotleft () . . . . 42 \closedrevepsilon () . . . . 13 combelow (package) 17, 119, 121
\closedsucc (») . . . . . . . . . 33 combinatorial logic gates . . . 73
\circleddotright () . . . . 42
\circledgtr (S) . . . . . . . . . 31
\Cloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 comma-below accent (a,) . . . see
\circledless (R) . . . . . . . . 31 clovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 accents
\circledminus . . . see \ominus \Clu (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 communication symbols . . . . 73
\circledotleft . . . . . . . . see clubs (suit) . . . . . . . . 65–67, 80 commutative diagrams . . . . 106
\circleddotleft \clubsuit (♣) . . . . . . . . . . 65 comp.text.tex (newsgroup) . 8,
\circledotright . . . . . . . see \clubsuit (♣) . . . . . . . . . . . 66 21, 22, 103–108
\circleddotright \compensation (n) . . . . . . . 93
\Cma (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\circledplus . . . . . see \oplus \complement (A) . . . . . . . . . 52
\Cme (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \complement ({) . . . . . . . . . 52
\circledR (r) . . . . . . . 10, 52
\Cmi (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \complement (∁) . . . . . . . . . 29
\circledS (s) . . . . . . . . . . 52
cmll (package) 21, 24, 30, 36, 119 complete shuffle product ( ) 24
\circledslash . . . see \oslash
\circledtimes . . . see \otimes \Cmo (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 »
\COMPLEX ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\circledvee (U) . . . . . . . . . 23 \Cmu (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Ã
\Complex ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
129
complex numbers (C) . . . . see *
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 \curlywedge (N) . . . . . . . . . 23
alphabets, math \Cross (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \curlywedge (f) . . . . . . . . . 22
composited accents . . . . . . . 14 cross ratio . . . see \textrecipe \curlywedge (⋏) . . . . . . . . . 24
Comprehensive TEX Archive Net- \crossb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \curlywedgedot (4) . . . . . . 24
work . . 1, 8, 59, 69, 100, -
\CrossBoldOutline ( ) . . . . 76 \curlywedgedownarrow (') . 22
117–119
computer hardware symbols . 72
4
\CrossClowerTips ( ) . . . . 76
\curlywedgeuparrow (&) . . . 22
\curlyyogh (a) . . . . . . . . . . 13
\crossd (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
computer keys . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \curlyz (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Crossedbox (X) . . . . . . . . . 90
Computer Modern (font) . . 100, \currency (¤) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
crosses . . . . . . . . 76, 77, 90, 94
102, 115 currency symbols . . . . 18, 19, 68
\crossh (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\curvearrowbotleft (ó) . . 42
\ComputerMouse (Í) . . . . . . . 72
\cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 .
\CrossMaltese ( ) . . . . . . . 76 \curvearrowbotleftright (õ)
\crossnilambda (3) . . . . . . 13
+
\cong (≅) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . 42
\CrossOpenShadow ( ) . . . . . 76 \curvearrowbotright (ô) . . 42
,
congruent . . . . . . . . see \equiv
\conjunction (V) . . . . . . . . 71 \CrossOutline ( ) . . . . . . . 76 \curvearrowdownup (Ë) . . . . 43
conjunction, logical . see \wedge crotchet . . see musical symbols \curvearrowleft (ð) . . . . . 42
Ŕ \curvearrowleft (x) . . . . . 41
and \& \crtilde (ã) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
consequence relations . . . . . . 35 \curvearrowleft (↶) . . . . . 44
\curvearrowleftright (ò) . 42
\Cru (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
contradiction symbols . . 21, 48 crucifixes . . . . . . . . . . 76, 77, 90
\curvearrowleftright (È) . 43
control characters . . . . . . . . 72 \Crux (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
converse implication . . . . . see \curvearrownesw (Ì) . . . . . 43
\crux (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\leftarrow and \subset \curvearrownwse (Í) . . . . . 43
converse nonimplication . . . see
\Csa (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \curvearrowright (ñ) . . . . 42
\csc (csc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \curvearrowright (y) . . . . 41
\nleftarrow and \nsubset
\convolution (
) . . . . . . . . 23 \Cse (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \curvearrowright (↷) . . . . 44
\Coppa (Ϙ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\cshuffle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \curvearrowrightleft (Ê) . 43
\coppa (ϙ)` . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \Csi (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \curvearrowsenw (Ï) . . . . . 43
\coprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . 21, 25 \Cso (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \curvearrowswne (Î) . . . . . 43
\coprod (∐) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \curvearrowupdown (É) . . . . 43
\Csu (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
copyright . . . . . . . . . 9, 19, 116 \Cutleft (s) . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\Cta (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \Cutline (r) . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\copyright (©) . . . . . . . . . . 9 CTAN see Comprehensive TEX
\corner (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 cutoff subtraction . see \dotdiv
Archive Network \Cutright (q) . . . . . . . . . . 75
corners, box . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \Cte (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\corona ( ̮) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \Cwa (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cti (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\coronainv (Ϙ) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \Cwe (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Corresponds (=) . . . . . . . . 67 \Cto (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cwi (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\corresponds () . . . . . . . . 32 \Ctrl ( Ctrl ) . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Cwo (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\cos (cos) . . . . . . . . . . 49, 113 \Ctu (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cxa (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\cosh (cosh) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \Cu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\cot (cot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\coth (coth) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Cube (
) 92, 103
\Cxe (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cya (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
cube root . . . . . . . . see \sqrt
\counterplay (V) . . . . . . . . 93 \Cyo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cup (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Courier (font) . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \Cup (⋓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \cyprfamily . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
CP1252 . . . . see code page 1252 \cup (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Cypriot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
CP437 . . . . . see code page 437 \cup (∪) . . . . . . . . 22, 104, 112 cypriot (package) . . 86, 119, 121
\Cpa (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \cup (∪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Cza (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cpe (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \cupdot (⊍) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Czo (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cpi (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \cupplus (⊎) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\curlyc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 D
\curlyeqprec (¶) . . . . . . . . 32
\Cpo (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\D (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\Cpu (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 ¨
d (esvect package option) . . . 61
\curlyeqprec (2) . . . . . . . . 30
\CR (␍) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \curlyeqprec (⋞) . . . . . . . . 33 \d (a.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\cr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 \curlyeqsucc (·) . . . . . . . . 32 \dag (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 117
\Cra (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \curlyeqsucc (3) . . . . . . . . 30 \dagger (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Cre (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 \curlyeqsucc (⋟) . . . . . . . . 33 \daleth (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Creative Commons licenses . 19 \curlyesh (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \daleth (ℸ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
crescent (fge package option) 58 \curlyvee (O) . . . . . . . . . . 23 \danger (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\curlyvee (g) . . . . . . . . . . 22 dangerous bend symbols . . . 89
\Cri (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\curlyvee (⋎) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \DArrow ( ↓ ) . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Cro (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\curlyveedot (5) . . . . . . . . 24 \dasharrow . . . . . . . . . . . . see
*
\curlyveedownarrow (.) . . . 22 \dashrightarrow
\Cross († vs. vs. ) . . . . 101 \curlyveeuparrow (/) . . . . . 22 \dasheddownarrow (⇣) . . . . . 43
130
\dashedleftarrow (⇠) . . . . 43 definite-description operator ( ) ι \diamonddots (
) . . . . . 24, 64
\dashednearrow (d) . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . 103 \DiamondLeft () . . . . . . . 42
\dashednwarrow (e) . . . . . . 43 definition symbols . . . . 21, 108 \Diamondleft (
) . . . . . . . 42
\dashedrightarrow (⇢) . . . . 43 \deg (deg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \diamondminus (x) . . . . . . . 25
\dashedsearrow (g) . . . . . . 43 \degree (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \diamondplus (|) . . . . . . . . 25
\dashedswarrow (f) . . . . . . 43 \degree (°) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \DiamondRight () . . . . . . 42
\dasheduparrow (⇡) . . . . . . . 43 degrees . . . . . see \textdegree \Diamondright () . . . . . . 42
R
\dashint (− ) . . . . . . . . . . 106 \DEL (␡) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 diamonds . . . . . . . . . . . 79–80
\Del ( Del ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 diamonds (suit) . . . . . 65–67, 80
\dashleftarrow (c) . . . . . . 41
\dashleftarrow (⇠) . . . . . . 44 \Deleatur . . . . . see \Denarius \DiamondShadowA ( ) . . . . . 79
\dashleftrightarrow (e) . . 42 delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . 53–57
\DiamondShadowB ( ) . . . . . 79
\dashrightarrow (d) . . . . . 41 text-mode . . . . . . . . . . 57
\DiamondShadowC ( ) . . . . . 79
\dashrightarrow (⇢) . . .
\DashV ()) . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 44
. . 32
variable-sized . . . . . 54–57
wavy-line . . . . . . . . 55, 56 6
\Diamondshape ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\diamondslash (z) . . . . . . . 25
\Dashv ()) . . . . . . . . . . .
\dashv (a) . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 32
. . 30
\Delta (∆) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\delta (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 p
\DiamondSolid ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\dashv (⊣) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \deltaup (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \diamondsuit (♦) . . . . . . . . 65
\dashVv (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 demisemiquaver . . . see musical \diamondsuit (♢) . . . . . . . . 66
\davidsstar (C) . . . . . . . . . 77 symbols \diamondtimes (}) . . . . . . . 25
0
\DavidStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 78
\Denarius (¢) . . . . . . . . . . 18 \diamondvert (y) . . . . . . . . 25
\DavidStarSolid ( ) . . . / . . 78
\denarius (Ε) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\dental (ag ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\diatop . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 107
\diaunder . . . . . . . . . . 18, 107
\dBar (||) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 derivitive, partial . see \partial dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 103
\dbar (¯
d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 \descnode () . . . . . . . . . . 71 dictionary symbols . . . 11–14, 96
\dbend () . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \det (det) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 dictsym (package) . 96, 119, 120
dblaccnt (package) . . . . . . . 107 \devadvantage (t) . . . . . . . 93 died . . . . . . . . . see \textdied
\dblcolon (::) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 .... differential, inexact . see \dbar
\Dfourier ( ) . . . . . . . . 36
\DCa (␑) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \Digamma (Ϝ) . . . . . . . . . . . 87
....
\DCb (␒) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \dfourier ( ) . . . . . . . . 36
\digamma (z) . . . . . . . . 50, 87
\DCc (␓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \DFT ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \digamma (ϝ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\DCd (␔) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \dft ( ) .......... . . . 63 digital logic gates . . . . . . . . 73
\DD (DD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \DH (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\ddag (‡) . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 117 \DH (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 116 LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\ddagger (‡)R . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \dh (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Mayan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\ddashint (= ) . . . . . . . . . . 106 \dh (ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 116 old-style . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
.... segmented . . . . . . . . . . 70
\ddddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 diacritics . . . . . . . . see accents
... \diaeresis (ä) . . . . . . . . . . 17 \dim (dim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\dddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
diæresis (ä) . . . . . . see accents \ding . . . . . . . . . 10, 75–78, 80
\diagdown (å) . . . . . . .
\dddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . .. 35
. . . 66 dingautolist . . . . . . . . . . . 77
\ddigamma (ϝ) . . . . . . . . . .. 87 \diagdown () . . . . . . . . . . 66 dingbat (package) . . 76, 80, 101,
\DDohne (D/D) . . . . . . . . . . .. 89 \diagdown (Ó) . . . . . . . . . . 33 119, 120
\ddot (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57 \diagonal (G) . . . . . . . . . . 93 dingbat symbols . . . . . . 75–80
\ddotdot () . . . . . . . . . 24, 64 \diagup (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \Diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
. \diagup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\ddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . 63, 107 \diagup (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \Diple* (>·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\ddots (⋱) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \diameter (I) . . . . . . . . . . 66 \diple* (>·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\ddststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \diameter () . . . . . . . . . . 21 Dirac notation . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\ddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 \diameter (∅) . . . . . . . . . . . 66 discount . . . see \textdiscount
\diameter () . . . . . . . . . . 88 discretionary hyphen . . . . . 115
\ddttstile ( ) ....... . 35 \Diamond (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 65 disjoint union . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\DeclareFontFamily . . . . . 111 \Diamond (3) . . . . . . . . . . . 66 disjunction . . . . . . . . see \vee
\DeclareFontShape . . . . . . 111 \Diamond (◇) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \displaystyle . . 105, 106, 108,
\DeclareMathOperator . . . 113 \diamond () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 113
\DeclareMathOperator* . . 113 \diamond (◇) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 ditto marks . see \textquotedbl
\declareslashed . . . . . . . 105 \diamondbackslash ({) . . . . 25 \div (÷) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter 117 \Diamondblack (_) . . . . . . . 66 \div (÷) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\decofourleft ([) . . . . . . . 78 \diamonddiamond () . . . . . 25 \divdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\decofourright (\) . . . . . . 78 \Diamonddot () . . . . . . . . . 66 \divideontimes () . . . . . . 23
\decoone (X) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \diamonddot (⟐) . . . . . . . . . 25 \divideontimes (>) . . . . . . 22
\decosix (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \DiamonddotLeft () . . . . 42 \divides () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\decothreeleft (Y) . . . . . . 78 \Diamonddotleft () . . . . 42 \divides (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\decothreeright (Z) . . . . . 78 \DiamonddotRight () . . . . 42 division . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 59
\decotwo (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \Diamonddotright () . . . . 42 non-commutative . . . . . 63
131
division times . . . . . . . . . . see \doublecap . . . . . . . . see \Cap \dracma (Δ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . 19
\divideontimes \doublecap (\) . . . . . . . . . . 23 \drsh (ë) . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 42
divorced . . . see \textdivorced \doublecap (⋒) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \DS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 89
\DJ (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \doublecup . . . . . . . . see \Cup \Ds (ss) . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 89
\dj (đ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \doublecup (]) . . . . . . . . . . 23 \dsaeronautical (a) .. . . . 96
\dlbari (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \doublecup (⋓) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \dsagricultural (G) .. . . . 96
\DLE (␐) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \doublecurlyvee (7) . . . . . 24 \dsarchitectural (A) . . . . 96
\dlsh (ê) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \doublecurlywedge (6) . . . . 24 \dsbiological (B) . . .. . . . 96
\dndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \doublefrown () . . . . . . . . 48 \dschemical (C) . . . . .. . . . 96
\doublefrowneq (%) . . . . . . . 48 \dscommercial (c) . . .. . . . 96
\dnststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\doublepawns (d) . . . . . . . . 93 \dsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\dntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 \doublesmile () . . . . . . . . 48 dsfont (package) . . . . . 68, 119
\dnttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \doublesmileeq ($) . . . . . . . 48 \dsheraldical (H) . . . . . . . 96
do not enter . . . . . . see \noway \doublesqcap (⩎) . . . . . . . . 24 \dsjuridical (J) . . . . . . . . 96
does not divide . . . . see \nmid \doublesqcup (⩏) . . . . . . . . 23 \dsliterary (L) . . . . . . . . . 96
does not exist . . . see \nexists \doubletilde (˜ ã) . . . . . . . . 16 \dsmathematical (M) . . . . . . 96
does not imply . . . . . . . . . 105 \doublevee (⩔) . . . . . . . . . . 23 \dsmedical (m) . . . . . . . . . . 96
\Dohne (D / ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \doublewedge (⩕) . . . . . . . . 23 \dsmilitary (X) . . . . . . . . . 96
dollar . . . . . . see \textdollar \DOWNarrow (L) . . . . . . . . . . 88 \dsrailways (R) . . . . . . . . . 96
dollar sign . . . . . . . . . . . see \$ \Downarrow (⇓) . . . . . . . 41, 54
\dsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\Dontwash (Ý) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \Downarrow (⇓) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\downarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \dstechnical (T) . . . . . . . . 96
\dot ( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
dot accent (ȧ or . ) . see accents \downarrow (↓) . . . . . . . 41, 54 \dststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
dot symbols . . . . 9, 63, 64, 107 \downarrow (↓) . . . . . . . . . . 43 \dsttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
DotArrow (package) 63, 119, 121 \downarrowtail (#) . . . . . . . 43
\dtdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\downbracketfill . . . . . . . 109
\downdownarrows (Ó) .
\dotarrow ( ) . . . . . . . . 63 \dtimes (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
. . . . 42
\dotcup (∪) · . . . . . . . . 21, 104 \dtimes (") . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\dotdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\downdownarrows () . . . . . 41
\downdownarrows (⇊) . . . . . 43 \dtststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\Doteq . . . . . . . see \doteqdot \downdownharpoons (Û) . . . . 43
\Doteq (≑) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Downes, Michael J. . . . 49, 122 \dttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \downfilledspoon (s) . . . . . 47 \dtttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\doteq (≐) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \downfootline ({) . . . . . . . . 33
\doteqdot (+) . . . . . . . . . . 30 duodecimal (base-12) digits . 65
\downfree (⫝) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\doteqdot (≑) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 DVI . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 72, 111
\downharpoonccw (⇂) . . . . . . 46
dotless j () \dz () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\downharpooncw (⇃) . . . . . . . 46
text mode . . . . . . . . . . 14 \downharpoonleft (å) . . . . . 43
dotless i (ı) E
\downharpoonleft () . . . . . 41 e (esvect package option) . . . 61
math mode . . . . . . 57, 65 \downharpoonright (ç) . . . . 43
text mode . . . . . . . . . . 14 \e (e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\downharpoonright () . . . . 41
dotless j () \e (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\downlsquigarrow (£) . . . . . 43
math mode . . . . . . 57, 65 ε-TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\Earth (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\downmapsto (↧) . . . . . . . . . 43
\dotmedvert () . . . . . . . . . 24 \downModels (ó) . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotminus () . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Earth (Ê) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\downmodels (ã) . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \earth (♁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\downp (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\Ecommerce () . . . . . . . . . 18
Z
\dotplus (u) . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \downparenthfill . . . . . . . 109
\EightAsterisk ( ) . . . . . . 78
S
\dots (. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . 9, 117 \downpitchfork (⫛) . . . . . . . 47
dots (ellipses) . . . 9, 63–65, 107 \EightFlowerPetal ( ) . . . 78
Y
\downpropto () . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotsb (· · · ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \downrsquigarrow («) . . . . . 43 \EightFlowerPetalRemoved ( )
\dotsc (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \downslice (Â) . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . 78
\dotseq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \downspoon (⫰) . . . . . . . . . . 47 eighth note see musical symbols
\dotsi (· · ·¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \downt (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \eighthnote (♪) . . . . . . . . . 88
\dotsint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 28 \downtherefore (∵) . . . 23, 64 \eighthnote () . . . . . . . . . 88
\dotsm (· · · ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \downtouparrow (ÿ) . .
\downuparrows (×) . . .
. . . . 42 H
\EightStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 78
\dotso (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 . . . . 42
I
\EightStarBold ( ) . . . . . . 78
F
dotted arrows . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \downuparrows () . . . . . . . 43
dotted union (∪) ˙ . . . . . . . . 112 \downupharpoons (ë) . . \EightStarConvex ( ) . . . . 78
E
. . . . 43
\dottedtilde (ã) .. . . . . . . . . 16
\downupharpoons (⥯) . . . . . . 46 \EightStarTaper ( ) . . . . . 78
\dottimes () . . . . . . . . . . 23 \downVdash (⍑) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ejective (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\double . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 57 \downvdash (⊤) . . . . . . . . . . 33 electrical symbols . . . . . . . . 70
double acute (a̋) . . see accents \downY (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 electromotive force (E) . . . . see
\doublebarwedge (Z) . . . . . 23 dozenal (package) . . . . . 65, 119 alphabets, math
\doublebarwedge ([) . . . . . 22 dozenal digits . . . . . . . . . . . 65 element of . . . . . . . . . . see \in
132
\ell (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . see \EyesDollar (¦) . . . . . . . . . 18
b
\Ellipse ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \rightleftharpoons
\equiv (≡) . . . . . . . . . . 21, 30 F
ellipses (dots) . . . 9, 63–65, 107
ellipses (ovals) . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \equiv (≡) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 f (esvect package option) . . . 61
e
\EllipseShadow ( ) . . . . . . 80 equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . see faces . . 72, 81, 88, 90, 91, 96, 98
\fallingdotseq () . . . . . . 32
c
\EllipseSolid ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\equiv, \leftrightarrow,
and \threesim \fallingdotseq (;) . . . . . . 30
\EM (␙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\equivclosed (Þ) . . . . . . . . 32 \fallingdotseq (≒) . . . . . . . 32
\Email (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Emailct (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\er () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 !
\FallingEdge ( ) . . . . . . . . 70
es-zet . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \ss \fatbslash ()) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\emgma (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\ESC (␛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \fatsemi (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\emptyset (∅) . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\Esc ( Esc ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \fatslash (() . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\emptyset (∅) . . . . . . . . . . . 66
escapable characters . . . . . . . 9 \FAX (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\End ( End ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\esh (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \fax (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
end of proof . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \Faxmachine (v) . . . . . . . . 73
\esh (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\ending (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 fc (package) . . . . . . . . . 10, 14
esint (package) . . . . . . . 28, 119
\eng (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \fcdice ( ) . . . . 92
\Estatically (J) . . . . . . . . 74
engineering symbols . . . . 70, 73 fclfont (package) . . . . . . . . 119
estimated . see \textestimated
\engma (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \fcscore ( ) . . . . . . 92
\ENQ (␅) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 esvect (package) . . . . . . 61, 119
\eta (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 feet . . . . . . . . . see \prime and
entails . . . . . . . . . . see \models \textquotesingle
\Enter ( Enter ) . . . . . . . . . 72 \etaup (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
133
p
\feyn{p} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \filledmedsquare (∎) . . . . . 25 ?
\FiveStarConvex ( ) . . . . . 78
x
\feyn{x} () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \filledmedtriangledown (▼) 25, 7
\FiveStarLines ( ) . . . . . . 78
\FF (␌) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 40
9
\FiveStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . . 78
fge (package) . 47, 53, 58, 65, 67, \filledmedtriangleleft (◀) 25,
:
\FiveStarOpenCircled ( ) . 78
119, 120 40
<
\FiveStarOpenDotted ( ) . . 78
=
fge-digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \filledmedtriangleright (▶)
\fgeA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . 25, 40 \FiveStarOutline ( ) . . . . 78
\fgebackslash (K) . . . . . . . . 67 \filledmedtriangleup (▲) 25, \FiveStarOutlineHeavy ( ) 78>
\fgebaracute (M) . . . . . . . . 67
\fgebarcap (O) . . . . . . . . . . 67
40
!
\FilledRainCloud ( ) . . . . 91
@
\FiveStarShadow ( ) . . . . . 78
\fgec (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \FilledSectioningDiamond ( ) \Fixedbearing (%) . . . . . . . 73
.
\fgecap (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 . . . . . . . . . 92 \fixedddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . 63
\fgecapbar (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \FilledSmallCircle ( ) . . 79 u .
\fgecup (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fgecupacute (R) . . . . . . . . 67
\FilledSmallDiamondshape ( ) v \fixedvdots (..) . . . . . . . . . . 63
fixmath (package) . . . . . . . 113
. . . . . . . . . 79
\fgecupbar (P) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\FilledSmallSquare ( ) . . 79 p \fj (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
s
\fged (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \Flag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\fgee (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \FilledSmallTriangleDown ( ) \flap (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\fgeeszett (ı) . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . 79 \flapr (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\fgeeta (”) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \FilledSmallTriangleLeft ( ) r \flat ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 88
\fgeF (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . 79 \flat (♭) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\fgef (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
t
\FilledSmallTriangleRight \Flatsteel (–) . . . . . . . . . . 73
\fgeinfty (i) . . . . . . . . . . 67 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 fletched arrows . . . . . . . 47, 75
\fgelangle (h) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \FilledSmallTriangleUp ( ) 79 q fleurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 80
\fgelb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
$
\FilledSnowCloud ( ) . . . . 91 florin . . . . . . see \textflorin
\fgelb (”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeleftB (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 53 `
\FilledSquare ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\floweroneleft (b) . . . . . . 78
\floweroneright (c) . . . . . 78
\filledsquare (◾) . . . . . . . . 25
\fgeleftC (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 53 flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\fgeN (”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \FilledSquareShadowA ( ) . 79
Flynn, Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\fgeoverU (”) . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \FilledSquareShadowC ( ) . 79
C
\Fog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\fgerightarrow (!) . . . . . 47 font encodings
\filledsquarewithdots ( ) 80
\fgerightB (B) . . . . . . . . . . 53 Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\filledstar (★) . . . . . . . . . 25
\fges (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
#
\FilledSunCloud ( ) . . . . . 91 font encodings . . . . . 8, 114, 115
c
\fgestruckone (1) . . . . . . . . 65 7-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\fgestruckzero (0) . . . . . . . 65 \FilledTriangleDown ( ) . . 79
8-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\fgeU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \filledtriangledown (▾) 25, 40
\fgeuparrow (") . . . . . . . . . 47 \FilledTriangleLeft ( ) . . 79 b ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
document . . . . . . . . . . 115
\fgeupbracket (L) . . . . . . . 67 \filledtriangleleft (◂) 25, 40
d
limiting scope of . . . . . . . 8
\FHBOLOGO (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \FilledTriangleRight ( ) . 79 LY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\FHBOlogo (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \filledtriangleright (▸) 25, OT1 8, 10, 14, 107, 114, 115
field (F) . . see alphabets, math 40
a
OT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\file (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \FilledTriangleUp ( ) . . . 79
U
T1 . . . . . . . . 8, 10, 14, 115
\FilledBigCircle ( ) . . . . 79 \filledtriangleup (▴) . 25, 40
"
T4 . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14, 17
\FilledBigDiamondshape ( ) 79 V \FilledWeakRainCloud ( ) . 91 T5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14
P
\FilledBigSquare ( ) . . . . 79
finger, pointing . . . . . . see fists
finite field (F) . . see alphabets,
TS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\FilledBigTriangleDown ( ) 79 S fontdef.dtx (file) . . . . 103, 107
R
math fontenc (package) . 8, 10, 14, 115
\FilledBigTriangleLeft ( ) 79 \finpartvoice (a») . . . . . . . 16
T
\fontencoding . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ˇ (a) . . . . 16
\FilledBigTriangleRight ( ) \finpartvoiceless
> » fonts
. . . . . . . . . 79 ˚
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Calligra . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\FilledBigTriangleUp ( ) . 79 Q ffl
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Charter . . . . . . . . . 18, 30
e
\FilledCircle ( ) . . . . . . . 79 \Finv (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\Finv (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Computer Modern 100, 102,
115
\FilledCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
\filleddiamond (◆) . . . . . . . 25 \Fire ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Courier . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\FilledDiamondShadowA ( ) 79 fish hook . . . . . . see \strictif Garamond . . . . . . . 18, 30
;
\filledlozenge (⧫) . . . . . . . 79 Zapf Chancery . . . . . . . 68
\filledmedlozenge (⧫) . . . . 79 \FiveStarCenterOpen ( ) . . 78 Zapf Dingbats . . . . 75, 77
134
\fontsize . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102 \Gentsroom (x) . . . . . . . . . . 90 upright . . . . . . . . . 50, 51
fontspec (package) . . . . . . . 118 geometric shapes . . . . 78–80, 94 greek (babel package option) 50,
\Football (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \geq (¥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 87
\forall (∀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \geq (≥) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38 Greek coins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\forall (∀) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \geq (≥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\Greenpoint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 98
\Force (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \geqclosed (⊵) . . . . . . . 39, 40 Gregorio, Enrico . . . . . 104, 105
\Forward (·) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \geqdot (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \grimace (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\ForwardToEnd (¸) . . . . . . . 90 \geqq (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \GS (␝) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\ForwardToIndex (¹) . . . . 90 \geqq (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1
\gtr (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\FourAsterisk ( ) . . . . . . . 78 \geqq (≧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \gtrapprox (Ç) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\FourClowerOpen ( ) . V . . . . 78 \geqslant (>) . . . . . . . . . . 38 \gtrapprox (') . . . . . . . . . 38
\FourClowerSolid ( ) W . . . . 78
\geqslant (⩾) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\geqslantdot (⪀) . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrapprox (⪆) . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrclosed (⊳) . . . . . . . 39, 40
\Fourier ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36 german (keystroke package option) \gtrdot (Í) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
fourier (package) 19, 36, 51, 53, . . . . . . . . . 72 \gtrdot (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
57, 60, 76, 78, 91, 119 \gets . . . . . . . see \leftarrow \gtrdot (⋗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\fourier ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36 \gg (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \gtreqless (½) . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fourier transform (F) . . . . see \gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \gtreqless (R) . . . . . . . . . 38
5
alphabets, math \gg (≫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\ggcurly (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\FourStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 78 \gtreqless (⋛) . . . . . . . . . . 39
6
\FourStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . . 78 \ggg (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \gtreqlessslant (O) . . . . . . 39
\gtreqqless (¿) . . . . . . . . . 38
\fourth (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \ggg (≫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \ggg (≫ vs. Ï) . . . . . . . . 101 \gtreqqless (T) . . . . . . . . . 38
fraktur . . . see alphabets, math \ggg (⋙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtreqqless (⪌) . . . . . . . . . 39
Freemason’s cipher . . . . . . . 98 \gggtr . . . . . . . . . . . see \ggg
\gtrless (») . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Frege logic symbols 47, 53, 65, 67 \gggtr (⋙) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrless (≷) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\frown (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ghosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
\gtrless (≷) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\frown (⌢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Gibbons, Jeremy . . . . . . . . 122
frown symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \gimel ( )ג. . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \gtrneqqless (ó) . . . . . . . . 39
\frowneq (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \gimel (ℷ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \gtrsim (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\frowneqsmile (') . . . . . . . 48 \girl (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \gtrsim (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\frownie (/) . . . . . . . . . . . 88 globe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \gtrsim (≳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\frownsmile () . . . . . . . . . 48 \glotstop (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \guillemotleft («) . . . 10, 116
\frownsmileeq ()) . . . . . . . 48 \glottal (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \guillemotright (») . . 10, 116
\Frowny (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \gluon (QPPPPPPR) . . . . . . . . . . 70 \guilsinglleft (‹) . . . 10, 117
frowny faces . . . . 72, 88, 90, 91 gluons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \guilsinglright (›) . . 10, 117
\FS (␜) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \gnapprox (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gvcropped ( ) . . . . . . . . . 74
\FullFHBO () . . . . . . . . . . 90 \gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 38 \gvertneqq (µ) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\fullmoon (M) . . . . . . . . . . 71 \gnapprox (⪊) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \gvertneqq () . . . . . . . . . 38
\fullmoon (#) . . . . . . . . . . 71 \gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \gvertneqq (≩) . . . . . . . . . . 39
\fullnote () . . . . . . . . . . . 88 \gneq (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gneqq (³) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 H
G \gneqq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \H (a̋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\G (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \gneqq (≩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 h (esvect package option) . . . 61
g (esvect package option) . . . 61 \gnsim (Å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \h (ả) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\Game (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \HA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Game (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \gnsim (≵) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\Gamma (Γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Go boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \Ha (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
háček (ǎ) . . . . . . . see accents
\gamma (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Go stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\gammaup (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 goban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \Hail ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Ganz (¯ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \Goofy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 \Halb (˘ “ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\GaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 graphics (package) . . . . 47, 103 half note . . see musical symbols
Garamond (font) . . . . . . 18, 30 graphicx (package) . 17, 100, 103 s
\HalfCircleLeft ( ) . . . . . . 80
\gcd (gcd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \grave (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
r
\HalfCircleRight ( ) . . . . . 80
\ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \geq
\Gemini (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
grave (à) . . . . . . . . see accents
\gravis (à) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\HalfFilledHut ( ) . . . . . . 91
\halflength (p) . . . . . . . . . 18
\Gemini (â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 greater-than signs . . . . . . . see
\halfnote (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\gemini (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
genealogical symbols . . . . . . 88
inequalities
greatest lower bound see \sqcap
\HalfSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\geneuro (A C) . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 51 Hamiltonian (H) see alphabets,
\geneuronarrow (B C) . . . . . . 19 blackboard bold . . . . . . 68 math
\HandCuffLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\geneurowide (C C) . . . . . . . . 19 bold . . . . . . . . . . 50, 113
gensymb (package) . . . . . . . . 70 polytonic . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \HandCuffLeftUp ( ) . . . . . 76
135
\HandCuffRight ( ) . . . . . . 76 \HH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Horn, Berthold .. . . . . . . . . 69
\HandCuffRightUp ( ) . . . . 76 \HP (P) . . . ... . . . . . . . . 82
\HH (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hh (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hp (p) . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 82
\HandLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76
\HandLeftUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 76 hhcount (package) . 92, 119, 121 \Hplural (˙) .. . . . . . . . . 82
\HandPencilLeft ( ) . . . . . 76
\Hhundred (3) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hplus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HandRight ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76 \HI (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HQ (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HandRightUp ( ) . . . . . . . 76 \Hi (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hq (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hquery (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . see fists \hiatus (H ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\HR (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Handwash (Ü) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \Hibl (˝) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Hibp (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \HS (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
harmony (package) . 89, 119, 120
\Hibs (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
harpoon (package) . 47, 119, 121
harpoons . . . . . . . 41, 43, 46, 47 \Hibw (˜) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hscribe (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 hieroglf (package) . 82, 119, 120
hash mark . . . . . . . . . . . see \# hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hslash (/) .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hat (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Hilbert space (H) see alphabets, \hslash (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\hateq (≙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 math \Hsv (˚) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hausaB (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \hill (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \HT (T) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
{
\hausab (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \HT (␉) . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\HJ (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Ht (t) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hausaD (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Hj (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hten (2) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hausad (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\HK (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hausaK (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Hthousand (4) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hk (k) √ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hausak (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Htongue (˘) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hksqrt ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 106
\HB (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \HL (L) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \HU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hb (b) . . . . . .... . . . . . . 82 \Hl (l) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HBar ( ) . . . . .... . . . . . . 79 \HM (M) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Hungarian umlaut (a̋) see accents
\hbar (~) . . . .
\hbipropto ()
....
...
51, 52, 103
. . . . . . 23
\Hm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Hman (ˇ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \HV (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HC (C) . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 82
\Hmillion (7) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hv (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hc (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hms (´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \hv (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\hcrossing () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\HN (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hvbar (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HCthousand (6) . . . . . . . . 82 \HW (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hn (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HD (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HO (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Hw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hd (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \HX (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Ho (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hdotdot () . . . . . . . . . 23, 64
Holt, Alexander . . . . . . . 1, 118 \Hx (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hdots (⋯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\Hdual (¸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \holter ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \HXthousand (5) . . . . . . . . . 82
\HE (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \HY (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\He (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 holtpolt (package) . . . . 63, 119
heads . . . . . . . . . . . . see faces \hom (hom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \Hy (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Home ( Home ) . . . . . . . . . 72 hyphen, discretionary . . . . . 115
\Heart (Œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
hearts (suit) . . . . . . . 65–67, 80 \HZ (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\heartsuit (♥) . . . . . . . . . . 65 \Hz (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\heartsuit (♡) . . . . . . . . . . 66 \Homer ( ) ..... . . . 96
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 68 \Hone (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 I
Helvetica (font) . . . . . . . . . . 18 hook accent (ả) . . . see accents ï . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\hemiobelion (Α) . . . . . . . . 19 \hookb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \i (ı) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\HERMAPHRODITE () . . . . . . 74 \hookd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \ialign . . . . . . . 104, 106, 108
\Hermaphrodite (}) . . . . . . 74 \hookd (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \ibar (¯i ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\hexagon (7) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \hookdownminus (⌐) . . . . . . 66 IBM PC . . . . . . . . . 72, 97, 115
\hookg () . . . . . . . . . . Icelandic staves . . . . . . . . . . 97
\Hexasteel (’) . . . . . . . . . . 73 . . . 13
\hexstar (A) . . . . . . . . . . . 77 \hookh ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \IceMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
\HF (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \hookheng (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 .
\iddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\HF (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \hookleftarrow (←-) . . . . . . 41
\iddots () R. . . R. . . . . . . . . 107
\Hf (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \hookleftarrow (↩) . . . . . . 44
k
\hfermion ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \hookrevepsilon () . . . . . . 13 \idotsint ( ··· ) . . . . . . . 26
\idotsint (
'
) . . . . . . . . 27
\hfil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 \hookrightarrow (,→) . . . . . 41
\HG (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \hookrightarrow (↪) . . . . . 44 \idotsint (∫…∫) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Hg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \hookupminus (⨽) . . . . . . . . 66 \iff . see \Longleftrightarrow
136
ifsym (package) . 70, 79, 91, 92, \injlim (inj lim) . . . . . . . . . 49 irrational numbers (J) .... see
101, 103, 119, 120 alphabets, math
\inplus (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
igo (package) . . . . . . . . 94, 119 inputenc (package) . . . . . . . 117 \Irritant ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 92
}
\igocircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 94 \Ins ( Ins ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \ismodeledby (=|) . . . . . . . 103
}
\igocircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 94 ³
ISO character entities . . . . 117
|
\int ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\igocross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 94 isoent (package) . . . . . . . . . 117
|
R
\int ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 26
\igocross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 94 r
\int ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\igonone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 94 J
\igonone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \int (∫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \j () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
~
\igosquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 94 \intclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 30 2
\JackStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 78
~
\igosquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 94 ¿
\INTEGER ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3
\igotriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 94 Ú
\JackStarBold ( ) . . . . . . . 78
\Integer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Jewish star . . . . . . . . . . 77, 78
RRRR( ) . . . . . . . . 94
\igotriangle integers (Z) see alphabets, math \jmath () . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 57
\iiiint (
\iiiint (
%
) . . . . . . . . . 26
) . . . . . . . . . . . 27
integrals . . . 25–30, 66, 105–106
\Joch ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
ˇ integrals (wasysym package op- \Join (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 31
\iiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28 tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \Join (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\iiiint µ (⨌) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \intercal (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \joinrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\iiint (RRR ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \intercal (⊺) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 joint denial . . . see \downarrow
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \interleave (9) . . . . . . . . . 22 junicode (package) . . . . . . . 118
# Junicode-Regular.ttf (file) 118
intersection . . . . . . . . see \cap
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 26, 27
˝
\Interval ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91 \Jupiter (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\inva ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Jupiter (Å) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\iiint ´ (∭) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \jupiter (X) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\iint (RR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \invamp (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \invbackneg (⨽) . . . . . . . . . 66
! K
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 28
˜ \INVd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \k (a)
, . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . 17
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \invdiameter () . . . . . . . . 88 \k ( ˛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\iint (∬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \inve (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \kappa (κ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Im (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 inverse limit . see \varprojlim \kappaup (κ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\im (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \InversTransformHoriz ( ) 36 \ker (ker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\imath (ı) . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 57 ket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\InversTransformVert ( ) . 36 \Keyboard (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . 72
\impliedby see \Longleftarrow
inverted symbols 11–13, 17, 103 keyboard symbols . . . . . . . . 72
\implies see \Longrightarrow
inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 keys, computer . . . . . . . . . . 72
and \vdash
\invf (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 keystroke (package) 72, 119, 120
impulse train . . . . . . . . see sha
\invglotstop (d) . . . . . . . . 13
\in (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \keystroke ( ) . . . . . . . . 72
\in (∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \invh (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
king . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\in (∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\INVl ()
knight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\in (∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Knuth, Donald E. . . 8, 114, 122
inches . . . . . . . see \second and \invlegr (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 symbols by . . . . . . . . . . 89
\textquotedbl \invm (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Koppa (Ϙ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\incoh (˚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \invneg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \koppa (ϟ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
independence \invneg (⨼) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \Kr ( l ) ...... . . . . . . . . 89
probabilistic . . . . . . . . 106 \kreuz (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
statistical . . . . . . . . . . 106 \INVr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Kronecker product . see \otimes
stochastic . . . . . see \bot \invr (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Kronecker sum . . . . see \oplus
\independent (⊥ ⊥) . . . . . . . 106 \invscr (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 kroužek (å) . . . . . . see accents
\Industry (I) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \invscripta () . . . . . . . . . 13 \kside (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
inequalities . . . . . . . . . 9, 37–39
\INVu () . . .
\Kutline (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 75
inexact differential . . see \dbar . . . . . . . . . 73
\inf (inf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \invv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 L
infimum . see \inf and \sqcap \invw (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \L (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
infinity (∞) . . . . . . . see \infty \invy (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \l (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
<
\Info ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 \iota (ι) . . . . . .
iota, upside-down
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 50
103
\labdentalnas (4) . . . . . . . 13
\Info (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \labvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
information symbols . . . . . . 90 \iotaup (ι) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Ladiesroom (y) . . . . . . . . . 90
informator symbols . . . . . . . 93 \ipagamma ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Lagrangian (L) . see alphabets,
\infty (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \ipercatal (η) . . . . . . . . . . 95 math
\infty (∞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \IroningI (¯) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \Lambda (Λ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\infty (∞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \IroningII (°) . . . . . . . . . 90 \lambda (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\inipartvoice (a \IroningIII (±) . . . . . . . . 90 \lambdabar (o) . . . . . . . . . . 66
–ˇ) . . . . . . . 16
\inipartvoiceless (a
– ) . . . . 16 irony mark (? ) . . . . . . . . . . 103 \lambdaslash (n) . . . . . . . . 66
˚
137
⎡⎢
\lceil ( ⎢⎢⎢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\lambdaup (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \leftleftarrows (⇇) . . . . . 44
Lamport, Leslie . . . . . . 118, 122 ⎢⎢ \leftleftharpoons (Ø) . . . 43
\lcirclearrowdown (ÿ) . . . 43
\land . . . . . . %. . . . . see \wedge \leftlsquigarrow (¢) . . . . 44
\lcirclearrowleft (⤾) . . . 43
\landdownint ( ) . . . . . . . . 28 \leftmapsto (↤) . . . . . . . . . 44
\lcirclearrowright (⟳) . . 43
\landdownint# (⨚) . . . . . . . . 29 \leftModels (ò) . . . . . . . . . 33
\lcirclearrowup (↻) . . . . . 43
\landupint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 28 \leftmodels (â) . . . . . . . . . 33
\lcircleleftint (∲) . . . . . . 29 \leftmoon (K) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\landupint (⨙) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\lcirclerightint (∲) . . . . . 29 \leftmoon ($) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Langle (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\lcm (lcm) . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 \leftp (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\lcorners (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\lAngle (hh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\leftpitchfork () . . . . . . 47
\langle (h) . . . . . . . . . . 21, 54
\lcurvearrowdown (⤸) . . . . . 43 \leftpointright ( R
) . . . . 76
\langle (⟨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \lcurvearrowleft (º) . . . . 43 \leftpropto (∝) . . . . . . . . . 33
\lcurvearrowne (¼) . . . . . . 43 \Leftrightarrow (⇔) . . . . . 41
\langlebar (n) . . . . . . . . . . 55 \lcurvearrownw (½) . . . . . . 43 \Leftrightarrow (⇔) . . . . . 44
\lcurvearrowright (↷) . . . . 43 \leftrightarrow (Ø) . . . . . 42
\Laplace ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36 \lcurvearrowse (¿) . . . . . . 43 \leftrightarrow (↔) . . . . . 41
\laplace ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36 \lcurvearrowsw (¾) . . . . . . 43 \leftrightarrow (↔) . . . . . 44
Laplace transform (L) . . . . see \lcurvearrowup (¹) . . . . . . . 43 \leftrightarroweq (-) . . . . 42
alphabets, math \ldbrack (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \leftrightarrows (Ô) . . . . 42
Laplacian (∆) . . . . . see \Delta \ldotp (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \leftrightarrows () . . . . 41
Laplacian (∇2 ) . . . . see \nabla \ldots (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \leftrightarrows (⇆) . . . . 44
\largecircle (◯) . . . . . . . . 79 \le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \leq \leftrightarrowtriangle (])
\largediamond (◇) . . . . . . 79 \leadsto ({) . . . . . . . . 31, 41 . . . . . . . . . 42
\largelozenge (◊) . . . . . . . 79 \leadsto (↝) . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \leftrightharpoon (à) . . . 43
leaf . . . . . . . . . . see \textleaf \leftrightharpoondownup (⥊)
\leafleft (g) . . . . . . . . . . 78 . . . . . . . . . 46
\largepencil ( W) . . . . . . . 76 \leafNE (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \leftrightharpoons (è) . . 43
\leafright (h) . . . . . . . . . 78 \leftrightharpoons () . . 41
\largepentagram (
) . . . . . 79
leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 80 \leftrightharpoons (⇋) . . . 46
\largesquare (◻) . . . . . . . . 79
Lefschetz motive (L) . . . . . see \leftrightharpoonsfill . . . 62
\largestar (☆) . . . . . . . . . 79
alphabets, math \leftrightharpoonupdown (⥋)
\largestarofdavid (✡) . . . 79
\Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 . . . . . . . . . 46
\largetriangledown (▽) . . 40
\left . . . . . . . 54, 56, 100, 102 \Leftrightline (Ô) . . . . . . 33
\largetriangleleft (◁) . . 40
\LEFTarrow () . . . . . . . . . . 88 \leftrightline (Ð) . . . . . . 33
\leftrightsquigarrow (ú) 42
\largetriangleright (▷) . 40
\Leftarrow (⇐) . . . . . . 21, 41
\largetriangleup (△) . . . . 40
\Leftarrow (⇐) . . . . . . . . . 43 \leftrightsquigarrow (!) 41
\LArrow ( ← ) . . . . . . . . . . 72
\leftarrow (Ð) . . . . . . . . . 42 \leftrightsquigarrow (↭) . 44
\larrowfill . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \leftarrow (←) . . . . . . . . . 41 \leftrsquigarrow (↜) . . . . 44
\Laserbeam (a) . . . . . . . . 74 \leftarrow (←) . . . . . . . . . . 44 \Leftscissors (S) . . . . . . . 75
LATEX . . 1, 8, 14, 26, 30, 49, 54, \leftarrowtail () . . . . . 41 \leftslice (2) . . . . . . . . . . 22
63, 65, 73, 75, 100, 103–109, \leftarrowtail (↢) . . . . . . 44 \leftslice (⪦) . . . . . . . . . . 33
112, 113, 115, 117–119, 121, \leftarrowtriangle (^) . . 42 \leftspoon (⟜) . . . . . . . . . 47
122 \leftbarharpoon (Ü) . . . . . 43 \leftsquigarrow (ø) . . . . 42
LATEX 2ε . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, \LEFTCIRCLE (G) . . . . . . . . . 88 \leftsquigarrow (f) . . . . . 42
9, 19, 20, 22, 30, 36, 41, 58, \LEFTcircle (G #) . . . . . . . . . 88 \leftt (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
63, 65, 69, 73, 100, 101, 103, \Leftcircle Ñ(I) . . . . . . . . . 88 \lefttherefore () . . . 24, 64
\leftthreetimes ($) . . . . . 66
106, 107, 111, 112, 114–117, Ñ
122 \leftevaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . 56 \leftthreetimes (h) . . . . . 22
latexsym (package) 22, 30, 36, 41,
\leftthreetimes (⋋) . . . . . . 24
65, 100, 119 \leftfilledspoon (r) . . . . 47
\leftthumbsdown ( D) . . . . 76
\latfric (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \leftfootline (z) . . .
\leftfree () . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
33
33 \leftthumbsup ( U
) . . . . . . 76
\lefttorightarrow (ü) . . . 42
Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . 8, 115, 119
table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 \lefthalfcap (⌜) . . . . . . . . 23
\lefthalfcup (⌞) . . . . . . . . 24 \Lefttorque (&) . . . . . . . . 73
laundry symbols . . . . . . . . . 90
\lefthand (t) . . . . . . . . . . 76 \leftturn (") . . . . . . . . . . 88
\Lbag (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\leftharpoonccw (↽) . . . . . 46 \leftVdash (ê) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\lbag (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
⎧
⎪
\leftvdash (⊣) Ð . . . . . . . . . . 33
⎪
\leftharpooncw (↼) . . . . . . 46
\lbrace ( ⎨) . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \leftharpoondown (â)
⎪
. . . . 43 Ð
\Lbrack ([)⎪
\leftwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . 56
⎩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \leftharpoondown ()) . . . . 41
\lBrack ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \leftharpoonup (à) . . . . . . 43 \leftY (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
LCD digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \leftharpoonup (() . . . . . . 41 legal symbols . . . . . . . 9, 19, 116
\lCeil (dd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \leftleftarrows (Ð) . . . . . 42 \legm (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\lceil (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \leftleftarrows (⇔) . . . . . 41 \legr (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
138
\length (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \lhd (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23 \LinearACCCLXIII (¸) . . . . . 84
\Leo (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \lhd (⊲) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40 \LinearACCCLXIV (¹) . . . . . 84
\leo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \lhdbend (~) . . . . . . . . . . 89 \LinearACCCLXIX (¾) . . . . . . 84
\leq (¤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \lhookdownarrow (3) . . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXV (º) . . . . . . 84
\leq (≤) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38 \lhookleftarrow (2) . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXVI (») . . . . . . 84
\leq (≤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \lhooknearrow (4) . . . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXVII (¼) . . . . . 84
\leqclosed (⊴) . . . . . . . 39, 40 \lhooknwarrow (⤣) . . . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXVIII (½) . . . . 84
\leqdot (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \lhookrightarrow (↪) . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXX (¿) . . . . . . . 84
\leqq (®) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \lhooksearrow (⤥) . . . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXXI (À) . . . . . 84
\leqq (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \lhookswarrow (6) . . . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXXII (Á) . . . . 84
\leqq (≦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \lhookuparrow (1) . . . . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCLXXIII (Â) . . . 84
\leqslant (6) . . . . . . . . . . 38 \Libra (æ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \LinearACCCLXXIV (Ã) . . . . . 84
\leqslant (⩽) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \libra (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \LinearACCCLXXIX (È) . . . . 84
\leqslantdot (⩿) . . . . . . . . 39 Lie derivative (L) see alphabets, \LinearACCCLXXV (Ä) . . . . . . 84
\less (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 math \LinearACCCLXXVI (Å) . . . . 84
less-than signs . . see inequalities life-insurance symbols . . . . 108 \LinearACCCLXXVII (Æ) . . . . 84
\lessapprox (Æ) . . . . . . . . . 38 \lightbulb (A) . . . . . . . . . 112 \LinearACCCLXXVIII (Ç) . . . 84
\lessapprox (/) . . . . . . . . . 38 lightbulb.mf (file) . . . 109–111 \LinearACCCLXXX (É) . . . . . . 84
\lessapprox (⪅) . . . . . . . . . 39 lightbulb.sty (file) . . . . . 112 \LinearACCCLXXXI (Ê) . . . . . 84
\lessclosed (⊲) . . . . . . 39, 40 lightbulb10.2602gf (file) . 111 \LinearACCCLXXXII (Ë) . . . . 84
\lessdot (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 lightbulb10.dvi (file) . . . 111 \LinearACCCLXXXIII (Ì) . . . 84
\lessdot (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 lightbulb10.mf (file) . 109–111 \LinearACCCLXXXIV (Í) . . . 84
\lessdot (⋖) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 lightbulb10.tfm (file) . . . 112 \LinearACCCLXXXIX (Ò) . . . 84
\lesseqgtr (¼) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Lightning (E vs. ) . . . . 101 \LinearACCCLXXXV (Î) . . . . . 84
\lesseqgtr (Q) . . . . . . . . . 38
\Lightning ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91
\LinearACCCLXXXVI (Ï) . .
\LinearACCCLXXXVII (Ð) .
.
.
.
.
84
84
\lesseqgtr (⋚) . . . . . . . . . . 39 \Lightning (E) . . . . . . . . . . 73 \LinearACCCLXXXVIII (Ñ) . . 84
\lesseqgtrslant (N) . . . . . . 39 \lightning ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 42 \LinearACCCV (~) . . . . . . . . . 82
\lesseqqgtr (¾) . . . . . . . . . 38 \lightning ( vs. ) . . . . . 101 \LinearACCCVI () . . . . . . . 82
\lesseqqgtr (S) . . . . . . . . . 38 \lightning (☇) . . . . . . . . . . 44 \LinearACCCVII () . . . . . . 82
\lightning () . . . . . . . . . . 88 \LinearACCCVIII () . . . . . 83
\lesseqqgtr (⪋) . . . . . . . . . 39 \lim (lim) . . . . . . . . . . 49, 113 \LinearACCCX () . . . . . . . . 83
\lessgtr (º) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \liminf (lim inf) . . . . . 49, 113 \LinearACCCXI () . . . . . . . 83
\lessgtr (≶) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \LinearACCCXII (
) . . . . . . 83
\lessgtr (≶) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \limsup (lim sup) . . . . 49, 113 \LinearACCCXIII () . . . . . 83
\lessneqqgtr (ò) . . . . . . . . 39 \linbfamily . . . . . . . . . 85, 86 \LinearACCCXIV () . . . . . . 83
\lesssim (À) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Linear A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCCXIX () . . . . . . 83
\lesssim (.) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Linear B . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 86 \LinearACCCXL (¡) . . . . . . . 83
\lesssim (≲) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 linear implication see \multimap \LinearACCCXLI (¢) . . . . . . 83
\Letter ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 linear logic symbols . 21–23, 25, \LinearACCCXLII (£) . . . . . . 83
\Letter (B vs. ) . . . . . . 101 29–30, 36, 51, 52 \LinearACCCXLIII (¤) . . . . . 83
\Letter (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 linearA (package) . . 82, 119, 121 \LinearACCCXLIV (¥) . . . . . 83
letter-like symbols . . . . . 51–53 \LinearAC (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCCXLIX (ª) . . . . . . 83
letters . . . . . . . . . see alphabets \LinearACC () . . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCCXLV (¦) . . . . . . 83
barred . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 \LinearACCC (y) . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCCXLVI (§) . . . . . 83
non-ASCII . . . . . . . . . . 10 \LinearACCCI (z) . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCCXLVII (¨) . . . . . 83
slashed . . . . . . . . . . . 105 \LinearACCCII ({) . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCCXLVIII (©) . . . . 83
variant \LinearACCCIII (|) . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCCXV () . . . . . . . 83
Ñ Latin . . . . . . . . 51
\LinearACCCIV (}) . . . . . . . 82
Ñ \LinearACCCXVI () . . . . . . . 83
\levaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \LinearACCCIX () . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXVII () . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCCL («) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXVIII () . . . . 83
\LF (␊) . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \LinearACCCLI (¬) . . . . . . . 83
7
\LinearACCCXX () . . . . . . . 83
\lfilet (77) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \LinearACCCLII () . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXXI () . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCCLIII (®) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXXII () . . . . . . 83
\lFloor (bb) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \LinearACCCLIV (¯) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXXIII () . . . . . 83
\lfloor (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \LinearACCCLIX (´) . . . . . . 83
⎢⎢
\LinearACCCXXIV () . . . . . . 83
\lfloor ( ⎢⎢⎢)
\LinearACCCLV (°) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXXIX () . . . . . . 83
. . . . . . . . . . . . 55
.⎢⎣. .
\LinearACCCLVI (±) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXXV () . . . . . . 83
\lg (lg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\LinearACCCLVII (²) . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXXVI () . . . . . . 83
\lgroup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \LinearACCCLVIII (³) . . . . . 83 \LinearACCCXXVII () . . . . . 83
⎧
⎪
⎪
\LinearACCCLX (µ) . . . . . . . 84 \LinearACCCXXVIII () . . . . 83
\lgroup ( ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎩
) . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \LinearACCCLXI (¶) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACCCXXX () . . . . . . 83
\LHD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \LinearACCCLXII (·) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACCCXXXI () . . . . . . 83
139
\LinearACCCXXXII () . . . . 83 \LinearACCXCIX (x) . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLXIII (¢) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCCXXXIII () . . . . 83 \LinearACCXCV (t) . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLXIV (£) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCCXXXIV () . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXCVI (u) . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLXIX (¨) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCCXXXIX ( ) . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXCVII (v) . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLXV (¤) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCCXXXV () . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXCVIII (w) . . . . 82 \LinearACLXVI (¥) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCCXXXVI () . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXI ( ) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXVII (¦) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCCXXXVII () . . . 83 \LinearACCXII (!) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXVIII (§) . . . . . 84
\LinearACCCXXXVIII () . . . 83 \LinearACCXIII (") . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXX (©) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCI () . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCXIV (#) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXI (ª) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCII () . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCXIX (() . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXII («) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCIII () . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCXL (=) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXIII (¬) . . . . . 84
\LinearACCIV () . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCXLI (>) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXIV () . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCIX () . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACCXLII (?) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXIX ( ) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCL (G) . . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXLIII (@) . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXV (®) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLI (H) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXLIV (A) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXVI (¯) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLII (I) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXLIX (F) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXVII (°) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLIII (J) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXLV (B) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXVIII (±) . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLIV (K) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXLVI (C) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXX () . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLIX (P) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXLVII (D) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXI () . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLV (L) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXLVIII (E) . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXII () . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLVI (M) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXV ($) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXIII () . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLVII (N) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXVI (%) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXIV () . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLVIII (O) . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXVII (&) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXIX (
) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLX (Q) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXVIII (') . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXV () . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXI (R) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACCXX ()) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXVI () . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXII (S) . . . . . . . 84 \LinearACCXXI (*) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXVII () . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXIII (T) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACCXXII (+) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXVIII ( ) . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXIV (U) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACCXXIII (,) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLXXXX () . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXIX (Z) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACCXXIV (-) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACV (h) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXV (V) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXIX (2) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACVI (i) . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXVI (W) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXV (.) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACVII (j) . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXVII (X) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXVI (/) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACVIII (k) . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXVIII (Y) . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXVII (0) . . . . . 83 \LinearACX (m) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXX ([) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXVIII (1) . . . . 83 \LinearACXCI () . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXXI (\) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXX (3) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCII (
) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXXII (]) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXI (4) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCIII () . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXXIII (^) . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXII (5) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCIV () . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXXIV (_) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXIII (6) . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCIX () . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXXIX (d) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXIV (7) . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCV () . . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXXV (`) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXIX (<) . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCVI () . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXXVI (a) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXV (8) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCVII () . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXXVII (b) . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXVI (9) . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXCVIII () . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXXVIII (c) . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXVII (:) . . . . 83 \LinearACXI (n) . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACCLXXX (e) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACCXXXVIII (;) . . . . 83 \LinearACXII (o) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXI (f) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACI (d) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACXIII (p) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXII (g) . . . . . 84
\LinearACII (e) . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACXIV (q) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXIII (h) . . . . 84
\LinearACCLXXXIV (i) . . . . 84 \LinearACIII (f) . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACXIX (v) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXIX (n) . . . . . 84 \LinearACIV (g) . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACXL () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXV (j) . . . . . 84 \LinearACIX (l) . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACXLI () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXVI (k) . . . . . 84 \LinearACL () . . . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLII () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXVII (l) . . . . 84 \LinearACLI () . . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLIII () . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXVIII (m) . . . 84 \LinearACLII () . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLIV () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCLXXXX (o) . . . . . 84 \LinearACLIII () . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLIX () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCV () . . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLIV () . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLV () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCVI () . . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLIX () . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLVI () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCVII () . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLV () . . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLVII () . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCVIII () . . . . . . . 82 \LinearACLVI () . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXLVIII () . . . . . 83
\LinearACCX () . . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACLVII () . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXV (r) . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCXCI (p) . . . . . . . 84 \LinearACLVIII () . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXVI (s) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCXCII (q) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACLX () . . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXVII (t) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCXCIII (r) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACLXI ( ) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXVIII (u) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearACCXCIV (s) . . . . . . 84 \LinearACLXII (¡) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearACXX (w) . . . . . . . . . 83
140
\LinearACXXI (x) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearALXXXV (T) . . . . . . . . 84
)
\LinearACXXII (y) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearALXXXVI (U) . . . . . . 84
\LinearACXXIII (z) . . . . . . 83 \LinearALXXXVII (V) . . . . . . 84 \Lisa ( . . . . . . . . . 96
\LinearACXXIV ({) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearALXXXVIII (W) . . . . . 84 \lJoin (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\LinearACXXIX () . . . . . . . 83 \LinearALXXXX (Y) . . . . . . . 84 \ll (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearACXXV (|) . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearAV () . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \ll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\LinearACXXVI (}) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearAVI () . . . . . . . . . . 82 \ll (≪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\LinearACXXVII (~) . . . . . . 83 \LinearAVII () . . . . . . . . . 82
\llangle (⟪) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\LinearACXXVIII () . . . . . 83 \LinearAVIII () . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearACXXX () . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearAX ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \llap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
\LinearACXXXI () . . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXCI (Z) . . . . . . . . . 84 \llbracket (~) . . . . . . . . . . 54
\LinearACXXXII () . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXCII ([) . . . . . . . . 84 \llbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 57
\LinearACXXXIII () . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXCIII (\) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearACXXXIV (
) . . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXCIV (]) . . . . . . . . 84 \llceil (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\LinearACXXXIX () . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXCIX (b) . . . . . . . . 82 \llcorner (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\LinearACXXXV () . . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXCV (^) . . . . . . . . . 84 \llcorner (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\LinearACXXXVI () . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXCVI (_) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCVII (`) . . . . . . . . 84 \llcorner (⌞) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\LinearACXXXVII () . . . . . . 83
\llcurly (Î) . . . .
\LinearACXXXVIII () . . . . 83 \LinearAXCVIII (a) . . . . . . . 84
. . . . . . . 32
\LinearAXI (
) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAI ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Lleftarrow (W) . . . . . . . . 41
\LinearAXII () . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAII () . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Lleftarrow (⇚) . . . . . . . . 44
\LinearAXIII () . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAIII () . . . . . . . . . 82 \llfloor (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\LinearAXIV (
) . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAIV () . . . . . . . . . . 82 \lll (Î) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearAXIX () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAIX () . . . . . . . . . . 82 \lll (≪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearAXL (') . . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAL (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \lll (≪ vs. Î) . . . . . . . . 101
\LinearAXLI (() . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALI (2) . . . . . . . . . . 83 \lll (⋘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\LinearAXLII ()) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALII (3) . . . . . . . . . 83 \llless . . . . . . . . . . see \lll
\LinearAXLIII (*) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALIII (4) . . . . . . . . 83 \llless (⋘) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\LinearAXLIV (+) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALIV (5) . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLIX (0) . . . . . . . . 83
\llparenthesis (L) . . . . . . . 53
\LinearALIX (:) . . . . . . . . . 83 \lmoustache () . . . . . . . . 54
\LinearAXLV (,) . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALV (6) . . . . . . . . . . 83 ⎧
⎪
⎪
\lmoustache ( ⎪ ⎪
\LinearAXLVI (-) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALVI (7) . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLVII (.) . . . . . . . 83 ⎪
⎭
) . . . . . . . . 55
\LinearALVII (8) . . . . . . . . 83 \ln (ln) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\LinearAXLVIII (/) . . . . . . 83
\LinearALVIII (9) . . . . . . . 83 \lnapprox (Ê) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearAXV () . . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALX (;) . . . . . . . . . . 83 \lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearAXVI () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALXI (<) . . . . . . . . . 83 \lnapprox (⪉) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\LinearAXVII () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALXII (=) . . . . . . . . 83 \lneq (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearAXVIII () . . . . . . . 83 \lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearALXIII (>) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXX () . . . . . . . . . . 83 \lneqq (²) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearALXIV (?) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXI () . . . . . . . . . 83 \lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearALXIX (D) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearALXV (@) . . . . . . . . . 83 \LinearAXXII () . . . . . . . . 83 \lneqq (≨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\LinearAXXIII () . . . . . . . 83 \lnot . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
\LinearALXVI (A) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearALXVII (B) . . . . . . . 84 \LinearAXXIV () . . . . . . . . 83 \lnot (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\LinearALXVIII (C) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXXIX () . . . . . . . . 83 \lnsim (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearAXXV () . . . . . . . . . 83 \lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\LinearALXX (E) . . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXXVI () . . . . . . . . 83 \lnsim (≴) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\LinearALXXI (F) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXXVII () . . . . . . . 83 local ring (O) . . see alphabets,
\LinearALXXII (G) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXXVIII () . . . . . . . 83 math
\LinearALXXIII (H) . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXXX () . . . . . . . . . 83 \log (log) . . . . . . . . . . 49, 113
\LinearALXXIV (I) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXXXI () . . . . . . . . 83 log-like symbols . . . . . . 49, 113
\LinearALXXIX (N) . . . . . . . 84 logic gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\LinearAXXXII () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearALXXV (J) . . . . . . . . 84 logical operators
\LinearAXXXIII ( ) . . . . . . 83
\LinearALXXVI (K) . . . . . . . 84 \LinearAXXXIV (!) . . . . . . . 83 and . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
\LinearALXXVII (L) . . . . . . 84 \LinearAXXXIX (&) . . . . . . . 83 not . . . see \neg and \sim
\LinearALXXVIII (M) . . . . . . 84 \LinearAXXXV (") . . . . . . . . 83 or . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\LinearALXXX (O) . . . . . . . . 84 \LinearAXXXVI (#) . . . . . . . 83 \logof () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\LinearALXXXI (P) . . . . . . . 84 \LinearAXXXVII ($) . . . . . . 83 lollipop . . . . . . . see \multimap
\LinearALXXXII (Q) . . . . . . . 84 \LinearAXXXVIII (%) . . . . . . 83 long division . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\LinearALXXXIII (R) . . . . . . 84 linearb (package) 85, 86, 119, 121 \longa (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\LinearALXXXIV (S) . . . . . . 84 \Lineload (L) . . . . . . . . . . 73 \longcastling (O-O-O) . . . 93
\LinearALXXXIX (X) . . . . . . 84 linguistic symbols . . . . . 11–14 longdiv (package) . . . . . . . . . 59
141
^^
\lwavy ( ^^^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\Longleftarrow (⇐=) . . . . . 41 \Mapstochar (ú) . . . . . . . . . . 49
\lz (1) .^^. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Longleftarrow (⇐Ô) . . . . . 43 \Mapstochar () . . . . . . . . . . 48
\longleftarrow (←Ð) . . . . . 43 \mapstochar (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . 49
\longleftarrow (←−) . . . . . 41 M
\Longleftrightarrow (⇐⇒) 41 \M . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . 10
\Longleftrightarrow (⇐⇒) 43 \M (´) . . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . 95
\m .¯. . . . . .
\longleftrightarrow (←→) . 43 . .. . . . . ... . . . 10
\longleftrightarrow (←→) 41 \m ( ) . . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . 95 \Marge ( ) . . . . . . . . . 96
\Longmapsfrom (⇐=\) . . . . . . 42 \ma ¯(¯
×) . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . 95 \markera (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\longmapsfrom (←−[) . . . . . . 42 \macron (ā) . .. . . . . ... . . . 17 \markerb (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Longmapsto (=⇒) . . . . . . . 42 macron (ā) . .. . . . see accents married . . . . . see \textmarried
\longmapsto (z→) . . . . . . . . 43 \Mars (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\longmapsto (7−→) . . . . . . . 41
\LongPulseHigh ( & ) . . . . . 70
\Mars (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
'
\Maggie ( ) . . . . . . . . . 96 \mars (♂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\LongPulseLow ( ) . . . . . 70 magical signs . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \MartinVogel (ÿ) . . . . . . . . 90
\Longrightarrow (=⇒) . . . . 41 majuscules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 marvosym (package) . 18, 65, 67,
\Longrightarrow (Ô⇒) . . . . 43 \makeatletter . . . . . . . . . 107 71–75, 90, 101
\longrightarrow (Ð→) . . . . 43 \makeatother . . . . . . . . . . 107 masonic cipher . . . . . . . . . . 98
\longrightarrow (−→) . . . . 41 \MALE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \mate (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\looparrowdownleft (î) . . 42 \Male (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 material biconditional . . . . . . .
\looparrowdownright (ï) . . 42 male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 73, 74 . see \leftrightarrow and
\looparrowleft (ì) . . . . . . 42 \male (♂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \equiv
\looparrowleft (") . . . . . . 41 \MaleMale (ƒ) . . . . . . . . . . 74 material conditional . . . . . . see
\looparrowleft (↫) . . . . . . 43 \maltese (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \rightarrow and \supset
\looparrowright (í) . . . . . 42 \maltese (✠) . . . . . . . . . . . 66 material equivalence . . . . . . . .
\looparrowright (#) . . . . . 41 man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 90 . see \leftrightarrow and
\looparrowright (↬) . . . . . 43 \manboldkidney () . . . . . . . 89 \equiv
\Loosebearing ($) . . . . . . . 73 \manconcentriccircles ($) 89 material implication . . . . . . see
\lor . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee \manconcentricdiamond (%) 89
o
\rightarrow and \supset
\LowerDiamond ( ) . . . . . . . 79 \mancone (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 89 material nonimplication . . . . . .
lowering . . . see \textlowering \mancube () . . . . . . . . . . . 89 . . . see \nrightarrow and
\lozenge (♦) . . . . . . . . 65, 66 \manerrarrow (y) . . . . . . . 89 \nsupset
\lozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \manfilledquartercircle (!) 89 math alphabets . . . . . . . . . . 68
\Lparen (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 manfnt (package) . . 89, 119, 120 mathabx (package) 21, 23, 25, 26,
\lrcorner ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \manhpennib () . . . . . . . . . 89 30, 32, 36–38, 40, 42, 43, 49,
\lrcorner (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \manimpossiblecube () . . . 89 52–55, 58, 60, 65, 66, 71, 93,
\mankidney () . . . . . . . . . . 89 100, 101, 119, 120, 123
\lrcorner (⌟) . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \manlhpenkidney () . . . . . . 89 \mathaccent . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\manpenkidney () . . . . . . . 89 \mathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\lrJoin . . . . . . . . . see \Join
\lrtimes (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \manquadrifolium (&) . . . . 89 \mathbbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
L
P
\manquartercircle ( ) . . . . 89 \mathbbmss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\lsem ( P
P
P ) ... .. . . . . . . . . 55 \mathbbmtt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
P
\manrotatedquadrifolium (')
N ...
\lsemantic .. see \ldbrack . . . . . . . . . 89 mathbbol (package) . . . . . . . 68
\Lsh (è) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 42 \manrotatedquartercircle (") \mathbf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\Lsh () . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . 89 \mathbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\Lsh (↰) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 43 \manstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \mathbold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\Lsteel (™) . . .. . . . . . . . . 73 \mantiltpennib () . . . . . . 89 mathcal (euscript package option)
\ltimes (
) . . .. . . . . . . . . 23 \mantriangledown (7) . . . . . 89 . . . . . . . . . 68
\ltimes (n) . . .. . . . . . . . . 22 \mantriangleright (x) . . . . 89 \mathcal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\ltimes (⋉) . . .. . . . . . . . . 24 \mantriangleup (6) . . . . . . 89 \mathcent (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\ltriple . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 57 \manvpennib () . . . . . . . . . . 89 \mathchoice . . . . . . . . 105, 106
Luecking, Dan . .. . . . . . . . 106 \Mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 48 \mathclose . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\lVert (k) . . . .. . . . . . . . . 54 \mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 48 mathcomp (package) . . . . . . 65
\lVert (||) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 56 \Mapsfrom (⇐\) . . . . . . . . . . 42 mathdesign (package) 18, 24, 30,
\lvert (|) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 54 \mapsfrom (←[) . . . . . . . . . . 42 52, 56, 67, 119
\lvertneqq (´) .. . . . . . . . . 38 \Mapsfromchar (û) . . . . . . . . 49 \mathdollar ($) . . . . . . . . . 21
\lvertneqq ( ) . . . . . . . . . 38 \Mapsfromchar (\) . . . . . . . . 48 mathdots (package) . 58, 63, 64,
\lvertneqqÐ (≨) .. . . . . . . . . 39 \mapsfromchar (ß) . . . . . . . . 49 107, 119, 120
Ð \mapsfromchar ([) . . . . . . . . 48 \mathds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\lwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \Mapsto (⇒) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \mathellipsis (. . .) . . . . . . 21
_
_ \mapsto (7→) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 mathematical symbols . . 21–69
\lWavy ( _
_
_ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \mapsto (↦) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \mathfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
_
_
142
\mathit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 metre (package) . 17, 57, 95, 119, \multimapbothvert () . . . . 31
\mathnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 120 \multimapdot () . . . . . . . . 31
\mathop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 metre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \multimapdotboth () . . . . 31
\mathopen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 metrical symbols . . . . . . . . . 95 \multimapdotbothA () . . . 31
\mathord . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \mho (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 66 \multimapdotbothAvert () . 31
\mathpalette . . . . . . . . . . 106 micro . . . . . . . . . . see \textmu \multimapdotbothB () . . . 31
\mathparagraph (¶) . . . . . . 21 \micro (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \multimapdotbothBvert () . 31
\mathpunct . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Microsoft® Windows® . . . 115 \multimapdotbothvert () . . 31
\mathpzc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \mid (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 56 \multimapdotinv () . . . . . 31
\mathrel . . . . . . . . . . 103, 112 \middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \multimapinv () . . . . . . . . 31
\mathring (˚) . . . . . . . . 57, 58 \midtilde ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 18 multiple accents per character 107
\mathrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 MIL-STD-806 . . . . . . . . . . . 73 multiplicative disjunction . . . . .
mathrsfs (package) . . . . 68, 119 millesimal sign . . . . . . . . . see . . . . . see \bindnasrepma,
mathscr (euscript package option) \textperthousand \invamp, and \parr
. . . . . . . . . 68 milstd (package) . . . . . . 73, 119 \Mundus (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\mathscr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \min (min) . . . . . . . . . 49, 113 Museum of Icelandic Sorcery and
\mathsection (§) . . . . . . . . 21 minim . . . . see musical symbols Witchcraft . . . . . . . . . 98
\mathsterling (£) . . . . . . . . 52 minus . . . . . . . see \textminus musical symbols 20, 65, 66, 88,
\mathsterling (£) . . . . . . . 21 \minus (−) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 89
mathtools (package) . 21, 34, 60, musixtex (package) . . . . . . . . 89
\minuscolon (−:) . . . . . . . . 36
62, 119, 120 \muup (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\minuscoloncolon (−::) . . . . 36
\mathunderscore ( ) . . . . . . 21 \MVAt (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\minusdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\max (max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \MVEight (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\minushookdown (¬) . . . . . . 66
Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coeffi- \MVFive (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\minushookup (⨼) . . . . . . . . 66
cient . . . . . . . . . . . . see \MVFour (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\minuso (
) . . . . . . . . 22, 104
\DH \MVNine (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
minutes, angular . . . see \prime
\maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \MVOne (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
miscellaneous symbols 65–67, 80,
\Mb (´
˘¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\mb (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
88–99
\MVRightarrow (:) . . . . . . . 90
\MVSeven (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
˘ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Mbb (¯´
“Missing $ inserted” . . . . 21
\MVSix (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
˘¯˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \Mmappedfromchar () . . . . . . 48
\mBb (¯
˘´¯˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \mmappedfromchar () . . . . . . 48
\MVThree (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
˘˘´
\mbB (¯¯
\mbb (¯¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \Mmapstochar () . . . . . . . . . 48
\MVTwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVZero (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
˘˘
mbboard (package) . . . . 68, 119 \mmapstochar () . . . . . . . . . 48
\mbbx (¯¯ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 MnSymbol (package) . . . . . 21, N
˘˘˘
\mbox .¯.¯. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 23–25, 29, 32–34, 37, 39, 40, \nabla (∇) . .. . . . . . . . . . . 65
\measuredangle (>) . . . . . . 66 43–48, 51, 52, 55, 58–60, 64, \nabla (∇) . .. . . . . . . . . . . 66
\measuredangle (]) . . . . . . 66 66, 67, 79, 119, 120 \NAK (␕) . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 72
\measuredangle (∡) . . . . . . 66 \Mobilefone (H) . . . . . . . . . 73 NAND gates .. . . . . . . . . . . 73
mechanical scaling . . . . 109, 112 \mod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\medbackslash (∖) . . . . . . . 24 \models (|=) . . . . . . . . 30, 103
\medbullet () . . . . . . . . . . 23 \models (⊧) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \NANDd () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\medcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 moduli space . . . see alphabets,
\NANDl ()
\medcircle (◯) . . . . . . . . . . 24 math
monetary symbols . . . 18, 19, 68 . . . . . . . . . 73
\meddiamond (◇) . . . . . . . . . 25
\medlozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . . 79 monus . . . . . . . . . . see \dotdiv
\medslash (∕) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \moo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \NANDr () . . . . . . . . . 73
\medsquare (◻) . . . . . . . . . . 25 \Moon (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\medstar (☆) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \Moon (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\medstarofdavid (✡) . . . . . 79 \MoonPha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 \NANDu () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\medtriangledown (▽) . 25, 40 \morepawns (S) . . . . . . . . . . 93 \napprox () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\moreroom (U) . . . . . . . . . . 93 \napprox (≉) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\medtriangleleft (◁) . 25, 40
\medtriangleright (▷) . 25, 40 \Mountain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91 \napproxeq (6) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\medtriangleup (△) . . . 25, 40 mouse . . . . see \ComputerMouse \napproxeq (≊̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\medvert (∣) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \MoveDown (») . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \nasymp (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\medvertdot () . . . . . . . . . 24 \moverlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 \nasymp (≭) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
membership . . . . . . . . see \in \MoveUp (º) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 nath (package) . . 53, 56, 57, 119
\Mercury (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \mp (∓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 ¼
\NATURAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Mercury (Â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \mp (∓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Î
\Natural ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\mercury (') . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \mu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \natural (\) . . . . . . . . . 65, 88
\merge (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \multimap (() . . . . . . . 30, 31 \natural (♮) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
METAFONT . . . . . . 69, 109–112 \multimap (⊸) . . . . . . . . . . 47 natural numbers (N) . . . . . see
METAFONTbook symbols . . . 89 \multimapboth () . . . . . . 31 alphabets, math
143
navigation symbols . . . . . . . 90 \ndoublesmileeq (̸) . . . . . . 48 \neqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nbackapprox (̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \nDownarrow (⇓̸) . . . . . . . . . 45 \nequal (≠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nbackapproxeq (̸) . . . . . . . 33 \ndownarrow (↓̸) . . . . . . . . . 45 \nequalclosed (̸) . . . . . . . 33
\nbackcong (≌̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ndownarrowtail (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nequiv (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nbackeqsim (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \ndowndownarrows (⇊̸) . . . . . 45 \nequiv (≢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nbacksim (*) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ndownfilledspoon (̸) . . . . 47 \nequivclosed (̸) . . . . . . . 33
\nbacksim (∽̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ndownfootline (̸) . . . . . . . 34 \nersquigarrow (¬) . . . . . . 43
\nbacksimeq (+) . . . . . . . . . 31 \ndownfree (⫝̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nespoon (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\nbacksimeq (⋍̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \ndownharpoonccw (⇂̸) . . . . . 46 \Neswarrow () . . . . . . . . . 43
\nbacktriplesim (̸) . . . . . . 34 \ndownharpooncw (⇃̸) . . . . . . 46 \neswarrow (% .) . . . . . 106, 107
\NBSP ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \ndownlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \neswarrow (⤡) . . . . . . . . . 43
\nBumpeq ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ndownmapsto (↧̸) . . . . . . . . 45 \neswarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\nBumpeq (≎̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ndownModels (̸) . . . . . . . . 34 \neswbipropto () . . . . . . . 24
\nbumpeq (() . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ndownmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . 34 \neswcrossing () . . . . . . . 33
\nbumpeq (≏̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ndownpitchfork (⫛̸) . . . . . 47 \neswharpoonnwse (R) . . . . 46
\ncirceq (≗̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ndownrsquigarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \neswharpoons (Z) . . . . . . . 46
\ncirclearrowleft (↺̸) . . . 46 \ndownspoon (⫰̸) . . . . . . . . . 47 \neswharpoonsenw (V) . . . . 46
\ncirclearrowright (↻̸) . . 46 \ndownuparrows (̸) . . . . . . 45 \Neswline (Ö) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nclosedequal (̸) . . . . . . . 34 \ndownupharpoons (⥯̸) . . . . . 46 \neswline (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ndownVdash (⍑̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \Neutral ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ndownvdash (⊤̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \neVdash (ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ncong (≇) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ndststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nevdash (Ü) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ncurlyeqprec (¸) . . . . . . . 32 \newextarrow . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\ncurlyeqprec (⋞̸) . . . . . . . 34 \ndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 \newmetrics . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\ncurlyeqsucc (¹) . . . . . . . 32 \ndttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \newmoon (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\ncurlyeqsucc (⋟̸) . . . . . . . 34 \ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neq \newmoon ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\ncurvearrowdownup (̸) . . . 44 \ne (≠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \newtie (
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\ncurvearrowleft (↶̸) . . . . 46 \Nearrow (t) . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \nexists (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\ncurvearrowleftright (̸) 44 \Nearrow (⇗) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \nexists (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\ncurvearrownesw (̸) . . . . 44 \nearrow (Õ) . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \nexists (∄) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\ncurvearrownwse (̸) . . . . 44 \nearrow (%) . . . . 41, 106, 107 \nfallingdotseq (≒̸) . . . . . . 33
\ncurvearrowright (↷̸) . . . . 46 \nearrow (↗) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \nfrown (⌢̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\ncurvearrowrightleft (̸) 44 \nearrowtail ($) . . . . . . . . 43 \nfrowneq (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\ncurvearrowsenw (̸) . . . . 44 \nefilledspoon (t) . . . . . . 47 \nfrowneqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\ncurvearrowswne (̸) . . . . 44 \nefootline (|) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nfrownsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . 48
\ncurvearrowupdown (̸) . . . 44 \nefree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nfrownsmileeq (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\ndasharrow (⇢̸) . . . . . . . . . 46 \neg (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \NG (Ŋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\ndasheddownarrow (⇣̸) . . . . 45 \neg (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \ng (ŋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\ndashedleftarrow (⇠̸) . . . . 45 negation . . . see \neg and \sim \ngeq (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ndashednearrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \neharpoonccw (D) . . . . . . . 46 \ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ndashednwarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \neharpooncw (L) . . . . . . . . 46 \ngeq (≱) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\ndashedrightarrow (⇢̸) . . . 45 \nelsquigarrow (¤) . . . . . . 43 \ngeqclosed (⋭) . . . . . . 39, 40
\ndashedsearrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \nemapsto (,) . . . . . . . . . . 43 \ngeqdot (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\ndashedswarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \neModels (ô) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngeqq (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ndasheduparrow (⇡̸) . . . . . . 45 \nemodels (ä) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ndashleftarrow (⇠̸) . . . . . 46 \ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . ... 38
\nenearrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\ndashrightarrow (⇢̸) . . . . 46 \ngeqq (≧̸) . . . . . . . . . . ... 39
\nDashV (+) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\nepitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
32 \Neptune (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \ngeqslant () . . . . . . ... 38
\nDashv (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \Neptune (È) . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \ngeqslant (≱) . . . . . . . ... 39
\ndashV (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \neptune ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \ngeqslantdot (⪀̸) . . . . ... 39
\ndashv (') . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ngets (↚) . . . . . . . . . . ... 46
\ndashv (⊣̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ngg (4) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 38
\ndashVv (/) . . . . . . . . . . .
\neq (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
32 \neq (≠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ngg (≫̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 39
\nddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \neqbump (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nggg (⋙̸) . . . . . . . . . . ... 39
\ndiagdown (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \neqcirc (≖̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ngtr (£) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 38
\ndiagup (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \neqdot (⩦̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ngtr (≯) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 38
\ndivides (∤) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \neqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \ngtr (≯) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 39
\nDoteq (≑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \neqsim (≂̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngtrapprox (É) . . . . . . ... 38
\ndoteq (≐̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \neqslantgtr (¹) . . . . . . . . 38 \ngtrapprox (#) . . . . . . ... 38
\ndoublefrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48 \neqslantgtr (⪖̸) . . . . . . . . 39 \ngtrclosed (⋫) . . . . . . 39, 40
\ndoublefrowneq (̸) . . . . . . 48 \neqslantless (¸) . . . . . . . 38 \ngtrdot (⋗̸) . . . . . . . . . ... 39
\ndoublesmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48 \neqslantless (⪕̸) . . . . . . . 39 \ngtreqless (⋛̸) . . . . . . . . . 39
144
\ngtreqlessslant (̸) . . . . . 39 \nleftmapsto (↤̸) . . . . . . . . 45 \nmapsto (↦̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\ngtreqqless (⪌̸) . . . . . . . . 39 \nleftModels (̸) . . . . . . . . 34 \nmid (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nleftmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . 34 \nmid (∤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\ngtrless (&) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nleftpitchfork (̸) . . . . . 47 \nmodels (⊭) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\ngtrless (≹) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nLeftrightarrow (ø) . . . . 42 \nmultimap (⊸̸) . . . . . . . . . 47
\ngtrsim (Ã) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nLeftrightarrow (<) . . . . 41 \nndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\ngtrsim (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nLeftrightarrow (⇎) . . . . 45 \nNearrow (⇗̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44
\nhateq (≙̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nleftrightarrow (Ü) . . . . 42 \nnearrow (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nhookleftarrow (↩̸) . . . . . 46 \nleftrightarrow (=) . 21, 41 \nnearrow (↗̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44
\nhookrightarrow (↪̸) . . . . 46 \nleftrightarrow (↮) . . . . 45 \nnearrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\ni (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 105 \nleftrightarrows (⇆̸) . . . . 45 \nnefilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47
\ni (∋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nleftrightharpoondownup (⥊̸) \nnefootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 34
\nialpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . 46 \nnefree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nibar . . . . . . . . see \ownsbar \nleftrightharpoons (⇋̸) . . 46 \nneharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46
\nibeta ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nleftrightharpoonupdown (⥋̸) \nneharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46
\NibLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 76 . . . . . . . . . 46
\nnelsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\NibRight ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76 \nLeftrightline (̸) . . . . . 34 \nnemapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45
nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 \nleftrightline (̸) . . . . . 34 \nneModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
\NibSolidLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 76 \nleftrightsquigarrow (̸) 46 \nnemodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
\NibSolidRight ( ) . . . . . . 76
\nleftrsquigarrow (↜̸) . . . . 45
\nleftspoon (⟜̸) . . . . . . . . 47
\nnenearrows (̸) . . .
\nnepitchfork (̸) . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
45
47
nicefrac (package) . 67, 119, 121
\nleftVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \nnersquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\nichi ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nleftvdash (⊣̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \nnespoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\niepsilon () . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nleq (¦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nNeswarrow (̸) . . . . . . . . 45
\nigamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nneswarrow (⤡̸) . . . . . . . . 45
\niiota ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nleq (≰) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nneswarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nilambda (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nleqclosed (⋬) . . . . . . 39, 40 \nneswharpoonnwse (̸) . . . 46
\nin (∉) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nleqdot (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nneswharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46
\niomega (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nleqq (°) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nneswharpoonsenw (̸) . . . 46
\niphi (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nNeswline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
\niplus (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nleqq () . . . . . . . . . . ... 38
\nneswline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
\nisigma (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \nleqq (≦̸) . . . . . . . . . . ... 39 \nneVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nitheta (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \nleqslant (
) . . . . . . ... 38 \nnevdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\niupsilon (V) . . . . . . . . . . 13 \nleqslant (≰) . . . . . . . ... 39
\niv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \nnststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\nleqslantdot (⩿̸) . . . . ... 39
\nj (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \nntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\nless (¢) . . . . . . . . . . ... 38
\nlcirclearrowdown (̸) . . 45 \nnttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\nless (≮) . . . . . . . . . . ... 38
\nlcirclearrowleft (⤾̸) . . 45 \nNwarrow (⇖̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nless (≮) . . . . . . . . . . ... 39
\nlcirclearrowright (⟳̸) . 45 \nnwarrow (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nlessapprox (È) . . . . . ... 38
\nlcirclearrowup (↻̸) . . . . 45 \nnwarrow (↖̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nlessapprox (") . . . . . ... 38
\nlcurvearrowdown (⤸̸) . . . . 45 \nnwarrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nlessclosed (⋪) . . . . . 39, 40
\nlcurvearrowleft (̸) . . . . 45 \nnwfilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47
\nlessdot (⋖̸) . . . . . . . . ... 39
\nlcurvearrowne (̸) . . . . . 45 \nnwfootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 34
\nlcurvearrownw (̸) . . . . . 45 \nlesseqgtr (⋚̸) . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nlcurvearrowright (↷̸) . . . 45 \nlesseqgtrslant (̸) . . . . . 39 \nnwharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46
\nlcurvearrowse (̸) . . . . . 45 \nlesseqqgtr (⪋̸) . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46
\nlcurvearrowsw (̸) . . . . . 45 \nnwlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowup (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nlessgtr (') . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nnwmapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45
\nleadsto (↝̸) . . . . . . . . . . 46 \nlessgtr (≸) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\nLeftarrow (ö) . . . . . . . . 42 \nlesssim (Â) . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nnwmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
\nLeftarrow (:) . . . . . . . . 41 \nlesssim ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nnwnwarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nLeftarrow (⇍) . . . . . . . . 45 \nlhookdownarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \nnwpitchfork (̸) . . . . . . . 47
\nleftarrow (Ú) . . . . . . . . 42 \nlhookleftarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nnwrsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\nleftarrow (8) . . . . . . . . 41 \nlhooknearrow (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nNwsearrow (̸) . . . . . . . . 45
\nleftarrow (↚) . . . . . . . . . 45 \nlhooknwarrow (⤣̸) . . . . . . 44 \nnwsearrow (⤢̸) . . . . . . . . 45
\nleftarrowtail (↢̸) . . . . . 45 \nlhookrightarrow (↪̸) . . . . 44 \nnwsearrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nleftfilledspoon (̸) . . . 47 \nlhooksearrow (⤥̸) . . . . . . 44 \nnwseharpoonnesw (̸) . . . 46
\nleftfootline (̸) . . . . . . 34 \nlhookswarrow (̸) . . . . . . 44 \nnwseharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46
\nleftfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nlhookuparrow (̸) . . . . . . . 44 \nnwseharpoonswne (̸) . . . 46
\nleftharpoonccw (↽̸) . . . . 46 \nll (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nNwseline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\nleftharpooncw (↼̸) . . . . . 46 \nll (≪̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwseline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\nleftleftarrows (⇇̸) . . . . 45 \nLleftarrow (⇚̸) . . . . . . . . 44 \nnwspoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\nleftlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nlll (⋘̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33
145
\nnwvdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \npreceq (ª) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nsefootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 34
no entry . . . . . . . . . see \noway \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nsefree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\NoBleech (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \npreceq (⪯̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nseharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46
\NoChemicalCleaning (¨) . . 90 \npreceqq (9) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nseharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46
nointegrals (wasysym package op- \nprecsim (Â) . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nselsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \nprecsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nsemapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45
\NoIroning (²) . . . . . . . . . 90 \nprecsim (≾̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nseModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
non-commutative division . . 63 \nrcirclearrowdown (̸) . . 45 \nsemodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
nonbreaking space . . . . . . . . 72 \nrcirclearrowleft (⟲̸) . . 45 \nsenwarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
NOR gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \nrcirclearrowright (⤿̸) . 45 \nsenwharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46
\nrcirclearrowup (↺̸) . . . . 45 \nsepitchfork (̸) . . . . . . . 47
\nsersquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\NORd () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\nrcurvearrowdown (⤹̸) . . . . 45
\nrcurvearrowleft (↶̸) . . . . 45 \nsesearrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nrcurvearrowne (̸) . . . . . 45 \nsespoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\NORl () . . . . . . . . . . 73 \nrcurvearrownw (̸) . . . . . 45 \nseVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34
norm . . see \lVert and \rVert \nrcurvearrowright (̸) . . . 45 \nsevdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nrcurvearrowse (̸) . . . . . 45 \nshortmid (.) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nshortmid (∤) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\NORr (
) . . . . . . . . . . 73
\nrcurvearrowsw (̸) . . . . . 45
\nrcurvearrowup (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nshortparallel (/) . . . . . . 31
\nRelbar (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nshortparallel (∦) . . . . . . 34
\nsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\NORu () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\nrelbar (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsim (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\NoSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\nrestriction (↾̸) . . . . .
\nrhookdownarrow (̸) . . .
.
.
.
.
46
45 \nsim (≁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg \nsimeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nrhookleftarrow (↩̸) . . . . 45
\not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 105 \nsimeq (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
not equal (= vs. =) . . . . . . . 32
\nrhooknearrow (⤤̸) . . . . . . 45
\nsimeq (≄) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nrhooknwarrow (̸) . . . . . . 45
\notasymp () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nsmile (⌣̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrhookrightarrow (̸) . . . . 45
\notbackslash (−) \ . . . . . . . 71 \nsmileeq (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrhooksearrow (̸) . . . . . . 45
\notbot (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsmileeqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\nrhookswarrow (⤦̸) . . . . . . 45
\notdivides () . . . . . . . . . 32 \nsmilefrown (≭) . . . . . . . . 48
\nrhookuparrow (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\notequiv () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nsmilefrowneq (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\nRightarrow (÷) . . . . . . . . 42
\notin (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqdoublefrown (̸) . . . . . . 48
\nRightarrow (;) . . . . . . . 41
\notin (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqdoublefrowneq (̸) . . . . 48
\nRightarrow (⇏) . . . . . . . . 45
\notin (6∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqdoublesmile (̸) . . . . . . 48
\nrightarrow (Û) . . . . . . . . 42
\notin (∉) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqdoublesmileeq (̸) . . . . 48
\nrightarrow (9) . . . . . . . 41
\notni (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqeqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrightarrow (↛) . . . . . . . . 45
\notowner (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqeqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrightarrowtail (↣̸) . . . . 45
\notowns . . see \notowner and \nsqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrightfilledspoon (̸) . . 47
\notni \nsqfrowneq (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrightfootline (̸) . . . . . 34
\notperp (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nsqfrowneqsmile (̸) . . . . . 48
\nrightfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
\notslash (−) / . . . . . . . . . . 71 \nsqfrownsmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\nrightharpoonccw (⇀̸) . . . . 46
\notsmallin () . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrightharpooncw (⇁̸) . . . . 46
\notsmallowns () . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqsmileeq (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48
\nrightleftarrows (⇄̸) . . . . 44
\nottop (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqsmileeqfrown (̸) . . . . . 48
\NoTumbler () . . . . . . . . . . 90 \nrightleftharpoons (⇌̸) . . 46 \nsqsmilefrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\novelty (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \nrightlsquigarrow (↝̸) . . . 44 \nSqsubset (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\noway (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \nrightmapsto (↦̸) . . . . . . . 44 \nsqSubset () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nowns (∌) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nrightModels (⊯) . . . . . . . 34 \nsqsubset () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nparallel (∦) . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nrightmodels (⊭) . . . . . . . 34 \nsqsubset (a) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nparallel (∦) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nrightpitchfork (̸) . . . . 47 \nsqsubset (⊏̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nparallelslant (Ô) . . . . . 36 \nrightrightarrows (⇉̸) . . . 44 \nsqsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 37
\nperp (⊥̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nrightrsquigarrow (̸) . . . 44 \nsqsubseteq (@) . . . . . . . . 37
\npitchfork (⋔̸) . . . . . . . . . 47 \nrightspoon (⊸̸) . . . . . . . . 47 \nsqsubseteq (⋢) . . . . . . . . 37
\nplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \nrightsquigarrow (↝̸) . . . . 46 \nsqsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 37
\nprec (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nrightVdash (⊮) . . . . . . . . 34 \nsqsubseteqq (̸) . . . . . . . 37
\nprec (⊀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nrightvdash (⊬) . . . . . . . . 34 \nSqsupset (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nprec (⊀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nrisingdotseq (≓̸) . . . . . . . 34 \nsqSupset () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nprecapprox (È) . . . . . . . . 32 \nRrightarrow (⇛̸) . . . . . . . 44 \nsqsupset () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nprecapprox (7) . . . . . . . . 31 \nsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nsqsupset (b) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nprecapprox (⪷̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \nSearrow (⇘̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44 \nsqsupset (⊐̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\npreccurlyeq (¦) . . . . . . . 32 \nsearrow (↘̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44 \nsqsupseteq () . . . . . . . . 37
\npreccurlyeq ($) . . . . . . . 31 \nsearrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nsqsupseteq (A) . . . . . . . . 37
\npreccurlyeq (⋠) . . . . . . . 34 \nsefilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47 \nsqsupseteq (⋣) . . . . . . . . 37
146
\nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . . . 37 \nswlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \nUparrow (⇑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nsqsupseteqq (̸) . . . . . . . 37 \nswmapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45 \nuparrow (↑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nsqtriplefrown (̸) . . . . . . 48 \nswModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \nuparrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nsqtriplesmile (̸) . . . . . . 48 \nswmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \nUpdownarrow (⇕̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nsquigarrowdownup (̸) . . 45 \nswnearrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nupdownarrow (↕̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nsquigarrowleftright (̸) 45 \nswneharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46 \nupdownarrows (̸) . . . . . . 45
\nsquigarrownesw (̸) . . . . 45 \nswpitchfork (̸) . . . . . . . 47 \nupdownharpoonleftright (̸)
\nsquigarrownwse (̸) . . . . . 45 \nswrsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . 46
\nsquigarrowrightleft (̸) 45 \nswspoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47 \nupdownharpoonrightleft (̸)
\nsquigarrowsenw (̸) . . . . 45 \nswswarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . 46
\nsquigarrowswne (̸) . . . . 45 \nswVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nupdownharpoons (⥮̸) . . . . . 46
\nsquigarrowupdown (̸) . . . 45 \nswvdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nUpdownline (∦) . . . . . . . . 34
\nsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nupdownline (∤) . . . . . . . . 34
\ntdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\nupfilledspoon (̸) . . . . . . 47
\nststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 ntheorem (package) . . . . . . . 65 \nupfootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 34
\nsttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nthickapprox (5) . . . . . . . 31 \nupfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nSubset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nto (↛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 \nupharpoonccw (↿̸) . . . . . . . 46
\nSubset (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntriangleeq (≜̸) . . . . . . . . 40 \nupharpooncw (↾̸) . . . . . . . 46
\nSubset (⋐̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntriangleleft () . . . . . . 40 \nuplsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . . 45
\nsubset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntriangleleft (6) . . . . . . 39 \nupmapsto (↥̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nsubset (⊄) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntriangleleft (⋪) . . . . 39, 40 \nupModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntrianglelefteq () . . . . 40 \nupmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsubseteq (*) . . . . . . . . . 36 \ntrianglelefteq (5) . . . . 39 \nuppitchfork (⋔̸) . . . . . . . 47
\nsubseteq (⊈) . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntrianglelefteq (⋬) . . 39, 40 \nuprsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . . 45
\nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntrianglelefteqslant (R) 40 \nupspoon (⫯̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\nsubseteqq (") . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntriangleright () . . . . . 40 \nupuparrows (⇈̸) . . . . . . . . 45
\nsubseteqq (⫅̸) . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntriangleright (7) . . . . . 39 \nupVdash (⍊̸) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsucc (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ntriangleright (⋫) . . . 39, 40 \nupvdash (⊥̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ntrianglerighteq () . . . . 40 \nuup (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\nsucc (⊁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ntrianglerighteq (4) . . . 39 \nvargeq («) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nsuccapprox (É) . . . . . . . . 32 \ntrianglerighteq (⋭) . 39, 40 \nvarleq (ª) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nsuccapprox (8) . . . . . . . . 31 \ntrianglerighteqslant (S) 40 \nvarparallel () . . . . . . . 31
\nsuccapprox (⪸̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \ntriplefrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48 \nvarparallelinv () . . . . . 31
\nsucccurlyeq (§) . . . . . . . 32 \ntriplesim (≋̸) . . . . . . . . . 34 \nVDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nsucccurlyeq (%) . . . . . . . 31 \ntriplesmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48 \nVDash (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nsucccurlyeq (⋡) . . . . . . . 33 \nVDash (⊯) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\ntststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\nsucceq («) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nVdash (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 \nVdash (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nVdash (⊮) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsucceq (⪰̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ntttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nvDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nsucceqq (:) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nsuccsim (Ã) . . . . .
\ntwoheaddownarrow (↡̸) . . . 45 \nvDash (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
. . . . . 32 \ntwoheadleftarrow (h) . . . 31 \nvDash (⊭) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsuccsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ntwoheadleftarrow (↞̸) . . 45 \nvdash (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nsuccsim (≿̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ntwoheadnearrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nvdash (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nSupset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntwoheadnwarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nvdash (⊬) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nSupset (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntwoheadrightarrow (g) . . 31 \nVvash (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nSupset (⋑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntwoheadrightarrow (↠̸) . . 45 \Nwarrow (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nsupset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntwoheadsearrow (̸) . . . . 45 \Nwarrow (⇖) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nsupset (⊅) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntwoheadswarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nwarrow (Ô) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntwoheaduparrow (↟̸) . . . . . 45 \nwarrow (-) . . . . . . . 41, 106
\nsupseteq (+) . . . . . . . . . 36 \nu (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \nwarrow (↖) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nsupseteq (⊉) . . . . . . . . . . 37 nuclear power plant . see \SNPP \nwarrowtail (%) . . . . . . . . 43
\nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . . . 37 \NUL (␀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \nwfilledspoon (u) . . . . . . 47
\nsupseteqq (#) . . . . . . . . . 36 null infinity see alphabets, math \nwfootline (}) . . . . . . . . . 32
\nsupseteqq (⫆̸) . . . . . . . . . 37 null set . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 66 \nwfree (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nSwarrow (⇙̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45 number sets see alphabets, math \nwharpoonccw (E) . . . . . . . 46
\nswarrow (↙̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45 number sign . see \textnumero \nwharpooncw (M) . . . . . . . . 46
\nswarrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45 numbers . . . . . . . . . . see digits \nwlsquigarrow (¥) . . . . . . 43
\nswfilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47 circled . . . . . . . . . . 77, 94 \nwmapsto (-) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nswfootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 33 numerals \nwModels (õ) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nswfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Linear B . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \nwmodels (å) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nswharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46 old style . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \nwnwarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\nswharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46 \NumLock ( Num ) . . . . . . . . 72 \nwpitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
147
\nwrsquigarrow () . . . . . . 43
L
\oiiintclockwise ( )D. . . . 28 \OrnamentDiamondSolid ( ) 80 q
\Nwsearrow () . . . . . . . . . 43 \oiiintctrclockwise ( ) . 28 ornaments . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 80
·
&) . . . .
\nwsearrow (- . . . . 106 \oiint () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\ORr ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\nwsearrow (⤢) . . . . . . . . . 43 \oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26, 28
\nwsearrows () . . . . . . . . 43 ‚
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 orthogonal to . . . . . . see \bot
\nwsebipropto () . . . . . . . 24
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\nwsecrossing () . . . . . . . 32
\ORu () . . . .
\nwseharpoonnesw (S) . . . . 46 \oiint (∯) . . . . .H. . . . . . . . 29
. . . . . . .. 73
\nwseharpoons (_) . . . . . . . 46 \oiintclockwise ( ) @. . . . . 28
\oslash (m) . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
\nwseharpoonswne (W) . . . . 46 \oiintctrclockwise ( ) . . 28 \oslash () . . . . . . . . . . .. 22
¶
\Nwseline (×) . . . . . . . . . . 32 \oint (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \oslash (⊘) . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
\nwseline (Ó) . . . . . . . . . . 32 \oint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \ostar (⍟) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
\nwspoon (m) . . . . . . . . . . . 47 \otimes (b) . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
\oint (∮) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\nwVdash (í) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \otimes (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . .. 22
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . 27
\nwvdash (Ý) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ı \otimes (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 28
\otop (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
O \ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 30
\otriangle (d) . . . . . . . 25, 40
\O (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 27 \otriangleup (o)
. . . . . . .. 25
\o (ø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 28 ovals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80
o (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 30 \ovee (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22
\oast (⊛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \overarc (a _
) .... . . . . . . .. 17
old-style digits . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\oasterisk (f) . . . . . . . . . . 25 hkkikkj
\oldstylenums . . . . . . . . . . 20 \overbrace ( ) . . . . . . . 60
\obackslash (n) . . . . . . . . . 25
\oleft (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 ©
\obackslash (⦸) . . . . . . . . . 25 \overbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 60
\olessthan (<) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\obar (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \overbrace (
z}|{
) . . . . . . . . 60
\Omega (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Obelus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\omega (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \overbrace (
z}|{
) . . . . . . . . 59
\obelus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \omegaup (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Obelus* ( ·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \ominus (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\overbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . 60
\obelus* ( ·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \ominus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \overbracket ”( ) . . . . 108, 109
\oblong (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \ominus (⊖) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \overbridge (a) . . . . . . . . . 16
\obot (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 hkkk j
\onlymove (F) . . . . . . . . . . 93 \overgroup ( ) ........ 60
³µ
\obslash (;) . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \oo (◦◦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\oc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \oo (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \overgroup ( ) . . . . . . . . . 60
\ocirc (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \ooalign . . . . . . . . . . 104, 105 \overleftarrow (← −) . . . . . . 59
\ocirc (⊚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 (
\overleftharp ( ) . . . . . . . 47
\open (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\ocircle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 open unit disk (D) . . . . . . see \overleftharpdown ()) . . . . 47
\ocoasterisk (g) . . . . . . . . 25 alphabets, math \overleftharpoon (↼ Ð) . . . . 60
\octagon (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \openJoin ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \overleftrightarrow (← →) . 59
octonions (O) . . see alphabets, \openo (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \overline ( ) . . . . . . . . 21, 59
math \openo (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \overlinesegment (z x) . . . . 60
\Octosteel (‘) . . . . . . . . . . 73 \openo (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 z{
\od (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \overparenthesis ( ) 108, 109
\opentimes (]) . . . . . . . . . . 31 \Overrightarrow (= ⇒) .
\odiv˚(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 operators
. . . . 59
\odot (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 overrightarrow (package) 59, 119
binary . . . . . . . . . . 22–25 \overrightarrow (− →) . . . . . 59
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 logical see logical operators
\odot (⊙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \overrightharp (*) . . . . . . . 47
set . . . . . see set operators \overrightharpdown (+) . . . 47
\overrightharpoon (Ð ⇀)
\odplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 unary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\OE (Œ) . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 117 . . . . 60
\oplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\oe (œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 117 \overring (x) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\oplus (⊕) . . . . . . . 21, 22, 103
\officialeuro (e) . . . . . . . 19 \overset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\oplus (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\offinterlineskip . . . . . . 104 \overt (⦶) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\opposbishops (o) . . . . . . . 93
ogonek (package) . . 17, 119, 121 \ovoid (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\opposition (W) . . . . . . . . 71
ogonek ( ˛) . . . . . . see accents \owedge (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
optical scaling . . . . . . . . . . 109
\ogreaterthan (=) . . . . . . . 22 \owns . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \ni
options . . . see package options
\ohill (a){ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \owns (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
ohm . . . . . . . . . . see \textohm \owns (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
OR gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\ohm (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \owns (∋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\ownsbar (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
/ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Ohne (a
\OHORN (Ơ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ORd (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
P
\ohorn (ơ)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \oright (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\P (¶) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 116
\oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \p ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \ORl () . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \p@ ˙ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
148
package options epsdice . . . . . . 92, 119, 120 nicefrac . . . . . 67, 119, 121
a (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 esint . . . . . . . . . . 28, 119 ntheorem . . . . . . . . . . . 65
b (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 esvect . . . . . . . . . 61, 119 ogonek . . . . . . 17, 119, 121
bbgreekl (mathbbol) . . . 68 eufrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 overrightarrow . . . . 59, 119
c (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 eurosym . . . . . 19, 119, 120 phaistos . . . . . 81, 119, 120
crescent (fge) . . . . . . . . 58 euscript . . . . . 68, 119, 120 phonetic . . 13, 16, 103, 119
d (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 extarrows . . . . 62, 119, 120 pict2e . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
e (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 extpfeil . . . . . . 63, 119, 120 pifont . . 10, 75–78, 80, 103,
f (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 extraipa . . . . . . . . 16, 119 119, 120
g (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 fc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14 pigpen . . . . . . 98, 119, 120
german (keystroke) . . . . 72 fclfont . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 pmboxdraw . . . 97, 119, 120
greek (babel) . . . . . 50, 87 feyn . . . . . . . . 74, 119, 120 polynom . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
h (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61 fge . 47, 53, 58, 65, 67, 119, protosem . . . . 81, 119, 120
integrals (wasysym) . . . . 26 120 psnfss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
mathcal (euscript) . . . . . 68 fixmath . . . . . . . . . . . 113 pxfonts . . 21–23, 27, 30, 31,
mathscr (euscript) . . . . . 68 fontenc . . . . 8, 10, 14, 115 36–38, 41, 42, 48, 50–52, 65,
nointegrals (wasysym) . . 26 fontspec . . . . . . . . . . . 118 66, 68, 100, 115
polutonikogreek (babel) . 50 fourier 19, 36, 51, 53, 57, 60, recycle . . . . . . . . . 99, 119
sans (dsfont) . . . . . . . . . 68 76, 78, 91, 119 rotating . . . . . . . . . 19, 72
utf8x (inputenc) . . . . . 117 gensymb . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 sarabian . . . . . 87, 119, 121
varg (txfonts/pxfonts) . . 51 graphics . . . . . . . . 47, 103 savesym . . . . . . . . . . . 100
packages graphicx . . . . . 17, 100, 103 semtrans . 14, 17, 119, 120
longdiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 harmony . . . . . 89, 119, 120 shuffle . . . . . . 24, 119, 120
accents . . 58, 107, 119, 121 harpoon . . . . . 47, 119, 121 simplewick . . . . . . . . . 109
amsbsy . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 hhcount . . . . . 92, 119, 121 simpsons . . . . . . . 96, 119
amsfonts 22, 30, 36, 41, 65, hieroglf . . . . . 82, 119, 120 skak . . . . . 93, 94, 119, 120
68 holtpolt . . . . . . . . 63, 119 skull . . . . . . . . 93, 119, 120
amsmath 8, 49, 58, 104, 112 ifsym . . 70, 79, 91, 92, 101, slashed . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
amssymb . 8, 22, 30, 36, 41, 103, 119, 120 staves . . . . . . . . . 97, 119
58, 65, 68, 87, 119, 120, 123 igo . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 119 steinmetz . . . . 70, 119, 121
amstext . . . . . . . . 105, 106 inputenc . . . . . . . . . . . 117 stmaryrd . . . 22, 26, 31, 37,
ar . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 119 isoent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 40, 42, 48, 53, 54, 101, 104,
arcs . . . . . . . . 17, 119, 120 junicode . . . . . . . . . . . 118 118–120
arev . . . . . 67, 88, 119, 120 keystroke . . . . 72, 119, 120 t4phonet . 14, 17, 119, 120
ascii . . . . 72, 115, 119, 120 latexsym . 22, 30, 36, 41, 65, teubner 19, 64, 87, 95, 119,
babel . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 87 100, 119 120
bbding 75–78, 80, 101, 119, linearA . . . . . . 82, 119, 121 textcomp 8, 9, 14, 18–20, 41,
120 linearb . . . 85, 86, 119, 121 57, 67, 70, 88, 100, 115, 119
bbm . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 119 manfnt . . . . . . 89, 119, 120 timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
bbold . . . . . . . . . . 68, 119 marvosym 18, 65, 67, 71–75, tipa 11, 12, 14–17, 103, 119,
bm . . . . . . . 113, 119, 121 90, 101 120
braket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 mathabx . . . 21, 23, 25, 26, tipx . . . . . . . . 12, 119, 120
calligra . . . . . . 68, 119, 121 30, 32, 36–38, 40, 42, 43, 49, trfsigns . . . . 36, 52, 63, 119
calrsfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 52–55, 58, 60, 65, 66, 71, 93, trsym . . . . . . . 36, 119, 120
cancel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 100, 101, 119, 120, 123 turnstile . . . . . 35, 119, 120
cclicenses . . . . 19, 119, 120 mathbbol . . . . . . . . . . . 68 txfonts . . . . . . . . . . 21–23,
centernot . . . . . . . . . . 105 mathcomp . . . . . . . . . . 65 27, 30, 31, 36–38, 41, 42, 48,
chancery . . . . . . . . . . . 119 mathdesign . 18, 24, 30, 52, 50–52, 65, 66, 68, 100, 102,
chemarr . . . . . 62, 119, 120 56, 67, 119 115, 119, 120
chemarrow . . . . 47, 62, 119 mathdots . . 58, 63, 64, 107, type1cm . . . . . . . . . . . 100
china2e 19, 49, 68, 98, 119, 119, 120 ucs . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 118
121 mathrsfs . . . . . . . . 68, 119 ulsy . . . . . 24, 48, 103, 119
clock . . . . . . . 92, 119, 120 mathtools . . 21, 34, 60, 62, underscore . . . . . . . . . . . 9
cmll . . . 21, 24, 30, 36, 119 119, 120 undertilde . . . . 61, 119, 120
colonequals 21, 36, 119, 120 mbboard . . . . . . . . 68, 119 units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
combelow . . . . 17, 119, 121 metre . 17, 57, 95, 119, 120 universa . . 80, 90, 119, 120
cypriot . . . . . . 86, 119, 121 milstd . . . . . . . . . 73, 119 universal 75, 77, 80, 90, 119,
dblaccnt . . . . . . . . . . . 107 MnSymbol . . . . . . . . . 21, 120
dictsym . . . . . 96, 119, 120 23–25, 29, 32–34, 37, 39, 40, upgreek . . . . . 51, 119, 120
dingbat 76, 80, 101, 119, 120 43–48, 51, 52, 55, 58–60, 64, upquote . . . . . . . . . . . 115
DotArrow . . . . 63, 119, 121 66, 67, 79, 119, 120 url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
dozenal . . . . . . . . 65, 119 musixtex . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 ushort . . . . . . 61, 119, 121
dsfont . . . . . . . . . 68, 119 nath . . . . . . 53, 56, 57, 119 vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . 119
149
vntex . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14 \partialvartrcircleleftint
\PHchild (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
wasysym . . . . . . 13, 18, 20, (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
22, 23, 26, 30, 31, 36–38, 41, \partialvartrcircleleftint
\PHclub (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
64–66, 70, 71, 73, 77, 78, 88, (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
101, 119, 120 \partialvartrcirclerightint \PHcolumn (W) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
wsuipa 13, 16, 18, 101, 103, (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
107, 119, 120 \partialvartrcirclerightint \PHcomb (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
xfrac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\PHdolium (T) . . . . . . . . . . 81
yfonts . . . 68, 69, 119, 120 \partialvartstrokedint (⨏) 67
yhmath 58, 59, 61, 64, 107, \partialvartsumint (⨋) . . . 67 \PHdove (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
119 particle-physics symbols . . . . 74
\PHeagle (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Pakin, Scott . . . . . . 1, 108, 118 parts per thousand . . . . . . see
\PaperLandscape ( ) . . . . . 92 \textperthousand \PHflute (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PaperPortrait ( ) . . . . . . 92 \partvoice (a –ˇ») . . . . . . . . . . 16
(a \PHgaunlet (H) . . . . . . . . . 81
par see \bindnasrepma, \invamp, \partvoiceless – ») . . . . . . . 16
˚
and \parr \passedpawn (r) . . . . . . . . . 93
\PHgrater (p) . . . . . . . . . . 81
paragraph mark . . . . . . . see \P pawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\parallel (k) . . . . . . . . 30, 56 pdfLATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 \PHhelmet (G) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Peace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\parallel (∥) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ParallelPort (Ñ) . . . . . . . 72 \PencilLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . 76 \PHhide (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\parallelslant (Ë) . . . . . . . 36
\PencilLeftDown ( ) . . . . . 76
\parr (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\PencilLeftUp ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\PHhorn (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\partial (B ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\PencilRight ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\Phi (Φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\partial (∂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \phi (φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\PencilRightDown ( ) . . . . 76 \phiup (φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\partial (∂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\partialslash (C ) . . . . . . . 52 \PencilRightUp ( ) . . . . . . 76
\PHlid (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvardint (∫…∫) . . . . 67 pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\partialvardlanddownint (⨚) 67 \pentagon (D) . . . . . . . . . . 78 \PHlily (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvardlandupint (⨙) 67 \pentagram () . . . . . . . . . . 25
\partialvardlcircleleftint \pentam (λθλθλ||λββλββλ) \PHmanacles (N) . . . . . . . . 81
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . 95
\PHmattock (O) . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvardlcircleleftint
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
people . . . . . . . . . . . . see faces
percent sign . . . . . . . . . see \%
\Phone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\phone () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\partialvardlcirclerightint \permil (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \Perp (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \PhoneHandset ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\partialvardlcirclerightint \perp (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . 30, 106 phonetic (package) . 13, 16, 103,
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \perp (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 119
\partialvardoiint (∯) . . . 67 \perthousand (‰) . . . . . . . 70 phonetic symbols . . . . . . 11–14
\partialvardoint (∮) . . . . . 67 \Pfund (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \photon (::::) . . . . . . . . . 70
\partialvardrcircleleftint \PgDown ( Page ↓ ) . . . . . . . 72 photons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
(∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \PgUp ( Page ↑ ) . . . . . . . . . 72 \PHoxBack (n) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvardrcircleleftint phaistos (package) . 81, 119, 120
(∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Phaistos disk . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \PHpapyrus (k) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvardrcirclerightint pharmaceutical prescription see
(∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \textrecipe \PHpedestrian (A) . . . . . . 81
\partialvardrcirclerightint
(∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \PHarrow (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \PHplaneTree (i) . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvardstrokedint (⨏) 67 \phase ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\partialvardsumint (⨋) . . . 67 phasor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \PHplumedHead (B) . . . . . 81
\partialvartint (∫…∫) . . . . . 67 \PHbee (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \PHram (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvartlanddownint (⨚) 67 \PHrosette (l) . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvartlandupint (⨙) 67 \PHbeehive (X) . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvartlcircleleftint \PHsaw (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \PHboomerang (R) . . . . . . . 81
\PHshield (L) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\partialvartlcircleleftint
\PHbow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \PHship (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvartlcirclerightint \PHbullLeg (b) . . . . . . . . . . 81 \PHsling (V) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvartlcirclerightint \PHcaptive (D) . . . . . . . . . 81 \PHsmallAxe (r) . . . . . . . . 81
(∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \PHstrainer (q) . . . . . . . 81
\PHcarpentryPlane (S) . . . 81
\partialvartoiint (∯) . . . 67
\partialvartoint (∮) . . . . . 67 \PHcat (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \PHtattooedHead (C) . . . . 81
150
\PHtiara (I) . . . . . . . . . . . 81 planets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \preceq (⪯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
playing cards . . . . see card suits \preceqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\precnapprox (Ê) . . . . . . . . 32
\PHtunny (g) . . . . . . . . . . 81
Plimsoll line . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\PHvine (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 '
\Plus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 \precnapprox () . . . . . . . . 31
\precnapprox (⪹) . . . . . . . . 34
\plus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\PHwavyBand (s) . . . . . . . . . 81 plus-or-minus sign . . . . see \pm \precneq (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
(
\PlusCenterOpen ( ) . . . . . 76
\precneqq () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\precnsim (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\pluscirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\PHwoman (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
physical symbols . . . . . . . . . 70
\Pi (Π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 &
\PlusOutline ( ) . . . . . . . . 76
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\precnsim (⋨) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 77 \precsim (À) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
)
\pi (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\pi (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \PlusThinCenterOpen ( ) . . 76 \precsim (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Pickup (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \Pluto (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \precsim (≾) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
pict2e (package) . . . . . . . . . . 70 \Pluto (É) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 prescription . . see \textrecipe
pifont (package) . . 10, 75–78, 80, \pluto (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 present-value symbols . . . . 108
103, 119, 120 \pm (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \prime (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
pigpen (package) . . 98, 119, 120 \pm (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \prime (′) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
pigpen cipher . . . . . . . . . . . 98 \pm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \Printer (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . 72
{\pigpenfont A} (A) . . . . . 98
˙
\pmb ¯. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 printer’s fist . . . . . . . . see fists
pmboxdraw (package) . . 97, 119, probabilistic
Q independence . 106
{\pigpenfont B} (B) . . . . . 98
120 \prod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
{\pigpenfont C} (C) . . . . . 98 \prod (∏) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\pmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
{\pigpenfont D} (D) . . . . . 98 \pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 projective space (P) . . . . . see
{\pigpenfont E} (E) . . . . . 98 \pointer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 alphabets, math
{\pigpenfont F} (F) . . . . . 98 pointing finger . . . . . . . see fists \projlim (proj lim) . . . . . . . 49
\Pointinghand (Z) . . . . . . . 90 pronunciation symbols . . . . see
{\pigpenfont G} (G) . . . . . 98
\polishhook (~) . . . . . . . . . 18 phonetic symbols
{\pigpenfont H} (H) . . . . . 98 proof, end of . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
{\pigpenfont I} (I) . . . . . 98 \polter ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 63 proper subset/superset . . . . see
{\pigpenfont J} (J) . . . . . 98 polutonikogreek (babel package op- \subsetneq/\supsetneq
tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 proper vertices . . . . . . . . . . 74
{\pigpenfont K} (K) . . . . . 98
polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 79 \propto (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
{\pigpenfont L} (L) . . . . . 98 \propto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
polynom (package) . . . . . . . . 59
{\pigpenfont M} (M) . . . . . 98 \propto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
polynomial division . . . . . . . 59
{\pigpenfont N} (N) . . . . . 98 proto-Semitic symbols . . . . . 81
polytonic Greek . . . . . . . . . . 50
{\pigpenfont O} (O) . . . . . 98 #
\Postbox ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 98
protosem (package) 81, 119, 120
\ProvidesPackage . . . . . . . 119
{\pigpenfont P} (P) . . . . . 98 PostScript . 51, 69, 75, 103, 112
\PrtSc ( PrtSc ) . . . . . . . . . 72
{\pigpenfont Q} (Q) . . . . . 98 PostScript fonts . . . . . . 75, 103
{\pigpenfont R} (R) . . . . . 98 þ
\Pound ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\ps ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
pseudographics . . . . . . . . . . 97
\pounds (£) . . . . . . 9, 115, 116
{\pigpenfont S} (S) . . . . . 98 \Psi (Ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
power set . see alphabets, math \psi (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
{\pigpenfont T} (T) . . . . . 98 \powerset (℘) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \psiup (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
{\pigpenfont U} (U) . . . . . 98 \Pp (˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 psnfss (package) . . . . . . . . . . 77
{\pigpenfont V} (V) . . . . . 98 \pp (˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \Pu (‰ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
{\pigpenfont W} (W) . . . . . 98 \ppm (˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
˙˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Ppp (¯
pullback diagrams . . . . . . . 106
˙˙ pulse diagram symbols . . . . . 70
$
{\pigpenfont X} (X) . . . . . 98
\ppp (˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
˙ \PulseHigh ( ) . . . . . . . . . 70
{\pigpenfont Y} (Y) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont Z} (Z) . . . . . 98
\Pppp (˙˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
˙
\pppp ( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
%
\PulseLow ( ) . . . . . . . . . 70
˙ punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
pilcrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \P \Ppppp (˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
pipe . . . . . . . . . see \textpipe ˙
\ppppp (˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
pushout diagrams . . . . . . . 106
\Pisces (ë) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 ˙
\Pr (Pr) ˙ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\pwedge (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
pxfonts (package) . 21–23, 27, 30,
\pisces (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \prec (≺) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 31, 36–38, 41, 42, 48, 50–52,
\Pisymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \prec (≺) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\pitchfork (&) . . . . . . . . . . 66
65, 66, 68, 100, 115
\precapprox (Æ) . . . . . . . . . 32 \Pxp (˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\pitchfork (t) . . . . . . . . . . 30 \precapprox (w) . . . . . . . . . 30 \pxp (˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\pitchfork (⋔) . . . . . . . . . . 47 \precapprox (⪷) . . . . . . . . . 33 ˙
pitchfork symbols . . . 30, 47, 66 \preccurlyeq (¤) . . . . . . . . 32 Q
Pitman’s base-12 symbols . . 65 \preccurlyeq (4) . . . . . . . . 30 Q.E.D. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 65
\piup (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \preccurlyeq (≼) . . . . . . . . 33 \qoppa (ϟ) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 87
\planck (h̄) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \precdot (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\qside (M) . .. . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Plane ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \preceq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \Quadrad (]]) .. . . . . . . . . . . 57
151
\quadrad (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \rcurvearrownw (Å) . . . . . . 44 \reversedvideodbend ( ) . 89
\Quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \rcurvearrowright (À) . . . . 44 \revglotstop (c) . . . . . .. . 13
\quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \rcurvearrowse (Ç) . . . . . . 44 \Rewind (¶) . . . . . . . . . .. . 90
quarter note see musical symbols \rcurvearrowsw (Æ) . . . . . . 44 \RewindToIndex (´) . . .. . 90
\quarternote (♩) . . . . . . . . 88 \rcurvearrowup (Á) . . . . . . . 44 \RewindToStart
?
(µ) . . . .. . 90
\quarternote (♩) . . . . . . . . . 88 \rdbrack (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 ?
\rfilet (??) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
quaternions (H) see alphabets, \Re (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
math ¾
\REAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \rFloor (cc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
quaver . . . see musical symbols Ò
\Real ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \rfloor (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
⎥⎥
queen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 real numbers (R) see alphabets,
\quotedblbase („) . . . . 10, 117 \rfloor (⎥⎥⎥) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
math ⎥
\quotesinglbase (‚) . . 10, 117 recipe . . . . . . see \textrecipe \rgroup (⎦) . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\recorder () . . . . . . . . . . . 88 ⎫
⎪
⎪
R
u
\Rectangle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80 \rgroup ( ⎪ ⎪
⎪
⎭
) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\R (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\r (å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 v
\RectangleBold ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\RHD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\rhd (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23
rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
t
\r (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\rhd (⊳) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40
\Radiation ( ) . . . . . . . . . 92 \RectangleThin ( ) . . . . . . . 80 \rho (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
radicals . . see \sqrt and \surd \Rectpipe (˜) . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \rho (ρ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
A
\Radioactivity (j) . . . . . . 74 \Rectsteel (”) . . . . . . . . . . 73 \rhookdownarrow (;) . . . . . . 44
\Rain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
recycle (package) . . . . . 99, 119 \rhookleftarrow (↩) . . . . . 44
\RainCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91 \rhooknearrow (⤤) . . . . . . . 44
\rhooknwarrow (=) . . . . . . . 44
raising . . . . . see \textraising
\RaisingEdge ( ) . . . . . . . . 70 \recycle ( ) . . . . . . 99 \rhookrightarrow (8) . . . . 44
\Rangle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 recycling symbols . . . . . 98, 99 \rhooksearrow (?) . . . . . . . 44
\rAngle (ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 reduced quadrupole moment see \rhookswarrow (⤦) . . . . . . . 43
\rqm \rhookuparrow (9) . . . . . . . . 43
\rangle (i) . . . . . . . . . . 21, 54
\reflectbox . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \rhoup (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\rangle (⟩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 registered trademark . . . . . see \right . . . . . . 54, 56, 100, 102
\textregistered \rightangle (∟) . . . . . . . . . 67
\ranglebar (s) . . . . . . . . . . 55 relational symbols . . . . . . . . 30 \RIGHTarrow () . . . . . . . . . 88
binary 30–32, 34–39, 47, 48 \Rightarrow (⇒) . . . . . 21, 41
\RArrow ( → ) . . . . . . . . . . 72 negated binary . . . . 31–33 \Rightarrow (⇒) . . . . . . . . 43
\rarrowfill . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 triangle . . . . . . . . . 39, 40 \rightarrow (Ñ) . . . . . . . . 42
\ratio (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \Relbar (=) . . . . . . . . 48, 103 \rightarrow (→) . . . . . . . . 41
½
\RATIONAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \Relbar (Ô) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \rightarrow (→) . . . . . . . . . 43
Ñ
\Rational ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \relbar (−) . . . . . . . . 48, 103 \rightarrowtail () . . . . . 41
rational numbers (Q) . . . . . see \relbar (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \rightarrowtail (↣) . . . . . 43
alphabets, math >
\Request ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 98
\rightarrowtriangle (_) . . 42
\rightbarharpoon (Ý) . . . . 43
rationalized Planck constant see \resizebox . . . . . . . . . 47, 100
\hbar \RIGHTCIRCLE (H) . . . . . . . . 88
\Respondens (∼) . . . . . . . . . 95
\Rbag (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \RIGHTcircle (H #) . . . . . . . . 88
\respondens ( ∼) . . . . . . . . . 95
\Rightcircle (J) . . . . . . . . 88
\rbag (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
⎫
⎪
⎪
. 53 response ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 118
\restoresymbol . . . . . . . . 100
?
\RightDiamondÑ ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\rbrace ( ⎬) . . . . . . . . . .
⎪
. 55
\Rbrack (])⎪
\restriction . . . . . . . . . . see
⎭............
Ñ
. 68 \rightevaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . 56
\upharpoonright
\rBrack (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\restriction (æ) . . . . . . . . 42 \rightfilledspoon (p) . . . 47
\rc (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \rightfootline (x) . . . . . . 33
\restriction (↾) . . . . . . . . 46
\rCeil (ee) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \rightfree () . . . . . . . . . . 33
retracting see \textretracting
\rceil (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \righthalfcap (⌝) . . . . . . . 24
⎤⎥ \Return ( ←- ) . . . . . . . . . . 72
\rceil ( ⎥⎥⎥) . . . . . . . . . . . . return . .Ñ. . . see carriage return \righthalfcup (⌟) . . . . . . . 24
. 55
⎥⎥
\rcirclearrowdown (û) . . . 44 Ñ \righthand (u) . . . . . . . . . 76
\revaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \rightharpoonccw (⇀) . . . . 46
\rcirclearrowleft (⟲) . . . 44
\rightharpooncw (⇁) . . . . . 46
\rcirclearrowright (⤿) . . 44 \revD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
. \rightharpoondown (ã) . . . 43
\rcirclearrowup (↺) . . . . . 44 \revddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . 107 \rightharpoondown (+) . . . 41
\rcircleleftint (∳) . . . . . . 29 \reve () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \rightharpoonup (á) . . . . . 43
\rcirclerightint (∳) . . . . . 29 \reveject (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \rightharpoonup (*) . . . . . 41
\rcorners (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \revepsilon () . . . . . 13, 103 \rightleftarrows (Õ) . . . . 42
\rcurvearrowdown (⤹) . . . . . 44 reverse solidus . . . . . . . . . . see \rightleftarrows () . . . . 41
\rcurvearrowleft (↶) . . . . 44 \textbackslash \rightleftarrows (⇄) . . . . 43
\rcurvearrowne (Ä) . . . . . . 44 reversed symbols . . . . . . . . 103 \rightleftharpoon (á) . . . 43
152
\rightleftharpoons (é) . . 43 roots . . . . . . . . . . . . see \sqrt \SAk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightleftharpoons (
) . . 41 \rotatebox . . . . . . . . . 17, 103 \SAl (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightleftharpoons (* )) . . 41 rotated symbols . 11–13, 17, 103 \SAlq (‘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightleftharpoons (⇌) . . . 46 rotating (package) . . . . . 19, 72 \SAm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightleftharpoonsfill . . . 62 \rotm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \samebishops (s) . . . . . . . . 93
\rightlsquigarrow (↝) . . . . 43 \rotOmega (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Sampi (Ϡ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightmapsto (↦) . . . . . . . . 43 \rotr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \sampi (ϡ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightModels (⊫) . . . . . . . . 33 \rotvara (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \SAn (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightmodels (⊧) . . . . . . . . 33 \rotw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 sans (dsfont package option) . 68
\rightmoon (L) . . . . . . . . . . 71 \roty (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \SAo (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightmoon (%) . . . . . . . . . . 71 \RoundedLsteel (Ÿ) . . . . . . 73 \SAq (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightp (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \RoundedTsteel () . . . . . . . 73 \SAr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightpitchfork () . . . . . 47 \RoundedTTsteel () . . . . . . 73 \sarabfamily . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightpointleft ( L ) . . . . 76 \Rparen ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 sarabian (package) . 87, 119, 121
\rightpointright ( N ) . .. 76
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
\rqm (I) \SAs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAsa (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightpropto () . . . . . . .. 33 \rrangle (⟫) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\rightrightarrows (Ñ) .
\SAsd (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
.. 42 \SAsv (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightrightarrows (⇒) . .. 41 \rrbracket () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\SAt (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightrightarrows (⇉) . . .. 43 \rrbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 57
\rightrightharpoons (Ù)
\SAtb (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
.. 43 \SAtd (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightrsquigarrow (¨) . .
\Rightscissors (Q) . . . .
..
..
43
75
\rrceil (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\rrfloor (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
I
\satellitedish ( ) . . . . . . 80
\rightslice (3) . . . . . . . .. 22 satisfies . . . . . . . . . see \models
\Saturn (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Rrightarrow (V) . . . . . . . 42
\rightslice (⪧) . . . . . . . .. 33 \Rrightarrow (⇛) . . . . . . . . 43
\rightspoon (⊸) . . . . . . .. 47 \Saturn (Æ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\rrparenthesis (M) . . . . . . . 53
\rightsquigarrow (ù) . .. 42 \RS (␞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\saturn (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\rightsquigarrow ( ) . . .. 41 M
Q
savesym (package) . . . . . . . 100
\rightsquigarrow (↝) . . .. 44 \rsem ( QQ
Q ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \savesymbol . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\rightt (o) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 Q
O . . . . . see \rdbrack
\rsemantic \SAw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\righttherefore ( ) . . . 23, 64 \Rsh (é) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \SAy (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightthreetimes (%) . . .. 66 \Rsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\SAz (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
S
\SAzd (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\rightthreetimes (i) . . .. 22 \Rsh (↱) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\Sborder ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\rightthreetimes (⋌) . . . .. 23 \rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\rightthumbsdown ( d ) . .. 76 \rtimes (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\scalebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\rightthumbsup ( u) ... .. 76 \rtimes (⋊) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
scaling
\righttoleftarrow (ý) .
mechanical . . . . . . 109, 112
.. 42 \rtriple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
optical . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
\Righttorque (') . . . . . . .. 73 \rVert (||) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\scd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\rightturn (!) . . . . . . . .. 88 \rVert (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\scg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\rightVdash (⊩) . . . . . . . .. 33 \rvert (|)Ð . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\schwa () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\rightvdash (⊢) ....... .. 33 Ð
Ð \rwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \schwa (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Ð
Schwartz distribution spaces see
\rightwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . 56 _
_
\rWavy ( _
alphabets, math
_
_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \sci (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
^^_
\rightY (() . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
_
\rwavy ( ^^^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\ring (˚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 scientific symbols . . . . . . 70–74
ring (å) . . . . . . . . . see accents ^^
\ScissorHollowLeft ( ) . . 75
ring equal to . . . . . see \circeq
S \ScissorHollowRight ( ) . 75
ring in equal to . . . see \eqcirc
\S (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 116
\ScissorLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 75
\riota ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\rip (O) . . . . . . . .
\SAa (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
. . . . . . . 93 \ScissorLeftBrokenBottom ( )
\risingdotseq ()
\SAb (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
. . . . . . . . . 75
. . . . . . . 32
\SAd (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\risingdotseq (:) . . . . . . . 30 \ScissorLeftBrokenTop ( ) 75
\risingdotseq (≓)
\rJoin (Y) . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . 31
\SAdb (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAdd (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\ScissorRight ( ) . . . . . . . 75
\SAf (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \ScissorRightBrokenBottom
\rlap . . . . . .. . . . . . . 79, 106 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
safety-related symbols . . . . . 74
\rmoustache () . . . . . . . . 54 \SAg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \ScissorRightBrokenTop ( ) 75
⎫
⎪ \SAga (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
⎪
scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\rmoustache ( ⎪ ⎪
⎪ \scn (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
⎩
) . . . . . . . . 55 \Sagittarius (è) . . . . . . . . 71
Roman coins . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \sagittarius (c) . . . . . . . . 71 \scoh (˝) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Romanian comma-belo accent (a,) \SAh (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \Scorpio (ç) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
. . . . . see accents \SAhd (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \scorpio (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
rook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \SAhu (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \scr (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
153
script letters see alphabets, math \sersquigarrow (¯) . . . . . . 43 \SixFlowerPetalRemoved ( ) 78 L
\scripta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
[
\sesearrows () . . . . . . . . 43 \SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
\scriptg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \sespoon (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 47 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\scriptscriptstyle . . 105, 106 set operators G
\SixStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\scriptstyle . . . . . . . 105, 106
\scriptv (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
intersection . . . . see \cap
membership . . . . . see \in
\SixteenStarLight ( ) . . . 78 K
sixteenth note . . . . see musical
\Scroll ( Scroll ) . . . . . . . . 72 union . . . . . . . . . see \cup
symbols
\scu (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \setminus (\) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\sixteenthnote (♬) . . . . . . 88
\scy (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \setminus (∖) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
skak (package) . 93, 94, 119, 120
\sddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \seVdash (ï) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
skull (package) . . . . 93, 119, 120
\sdststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sevdash (ß) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
A
\skull ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
X
SGML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
sha ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \slash (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\sdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\sharp (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 88 \slashb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\sdttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \slashc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\sharp (♯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
seagull . . . . . see
\Searrow (u) . . .
\textseagull
. . . . . . . . 42
l
\shfermion () . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\slashd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\slashdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Shift ( Shift ⇑ ) . . . . . . . . 72
\Searrow (⇘) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 slashed (package) . . . . . . . . 105
\searrow (×) . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \shift (˜) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\slashed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
\searrow (&) . . . . . . . 41, 106 \Shilling (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
slashed letters . . . . . . . . . . 105
\searrow (↘) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \shneg (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
slashed.sty (file) . . . . . . . 105
\shortcastling (O-O) . . . . 93
\searrowtail (') . . . . . . . . 43 \slashu (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\sec (sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \shortdownarrow () . . . . . . 42
\ShortFifty (×) . . . . . . . . 90
\Sleet ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Sech (ˇ “) )== . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \sliding (ā) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
== \ShortForty (Ù) . . . . . . . . 90
|
\smallbosonloop () . . . . . . . 74
\SechBL (==ˇ “ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \shortleftarrow ( ) . . . . . 42
\
\smallbosonloopA () . . . . . . 74
=
\SechBl ( ˇ “ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \shortmid (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\smallbosonloopV () . . . . . . 74
E
== \shortmid (∣) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\SechBR ( ˇ “ ==) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \SmallCircle ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
\ShortNinetyFive (Ô) . . . . 90
=
\SechBr ( ˇ “ ). . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \shortparallel (q) . . . . . . . 30 \SmallCross ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
\second (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \shortparallel (∥) . . . . . . 32 \smalldiamond (◇) . . . . . . . 25
seconds, angular . . see \second "
\ShortPulseHigh ( ) . . . . . 70 F
\secstress (i) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
section mark . . . . . . . . . see \S
#
\ShortPulseLow ( ) . . . . . . 70
\SmallDiamondshape ( ) . . 79
\smallfrown (a) . . . . . . . . . 30
\shortrightarrow () . . . . 42 \smallfrown (⌢) . . . . . . . . . 48
\SectioningDiamond ( ) . . 92
sedenions (S) . . see alphabets,
\ShortSixty (Ö) . . . . . . . . 90
\ShortThirty (Û) . . . . . . . 90
\SmallHBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 79
\smallin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
math \shortuparrow () . . . . . . . 42
\smallint (∫) . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\sefilledspoon (w) . . . . . . 47
\sefootline () . . . . . . . . . 33
\showclock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\shpos (´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \SmallLowerDiamond ( ) . . 79
\sefree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 shuffle (package) . . 24, 119, 120 \smalllozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . 79
segmented digits . . . . . . . . . 70
\shuffle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \smallowns () . . . . . . . . . . 52
P
\seharpoonccw (G) . . . . . . . 46
shuffle product ( ) . . . . . . . 24 \smallpencil ( ) . . . . . . 76
\smallprod (∏) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\seharpooncw (O) . . . . . . . . 46
O
\SI (␏) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\selectfont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \Sigma (Σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \SmallRightDiamond ( ) . . 79
\selsquigarrow (§) . . . . . . 43 \sigma (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \smallsetminus (r) . . . . . . 22
semantic valuation . . . . . 54–57 \sigmaup (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \smallsetminus (∖) . . . . . . 24
\semapsto (/) . . . . . . . . . . 43 \sim (∼) . . . . . . . . 30, 104, 115 \smallsmile (`) . . . . . . . . . 30
semibreve . see musical symbols \sim (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \smallsmile (⌣) . . . . . . . . . 48
semidirect products . . 22, 23, 66
semiquaver see musical symbols
\simcolon (∼:) . . . . . . . . . . 36 @
\SmallSquare ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
\simcoloncolon (∼::) . . . . . 36 \smallsquare (◽) . . . . . . . . 25
semitic transliteration . . 14, 17 \simeq (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \smallstar (☆) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\seModels (÷) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \simeq (≃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \SmallTriangleDown ( ) . . 79 C
\smalltriangledown () . . . 25
\semodels (ç) . . . . . . . . . . 33 simplewick (package) . . . . . 109
semtrans (package) . 14, 17, 119, simpsons (package) . . . . 96, 119 \smalltriangledown (▿) 25, 40
120
\senwarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
Simpsons characters . . . . . . . 96
\SmallTriangleLeft ( ) . . 79 B
\smalltriangleleft () . . . 25
\sin (sin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\senwharpoons ([) . . . . . . . 46 \sincoh (ˇ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\smalltriangleleft (◃) 25, 40
\SePa ( @ ) . . . . . . . . .
\separated () . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
89
33
\sinh (sinh) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
O) . . \SmallTriangleRight ( ) . . 79 D
\smalltriangleright () . . 25
\SixFlowerAlternate ( 78
\SixFlowerAltPetal (U) . .
\sepitchfork () . . . .. . . . 47
78
\SixFlowerOpenCenter (M) .
\seppawns (q) . . . . . .. . . . 93 \smalltriangleright (▹) 25, 40
78 A
\SixFlowerPetalDotted (Q)
\SerialInterface (Î) . . . . 72 \SmallTriangleUp ( ) . . . . 79
\SerialPort (Ð) . . . . .. . . . 72 78 \smalltriangleup () . . . . . 25
154
\smalltriangleup (▵) . . 25, 40 \sqcupdot (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \square (◻) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\SmallVBar ( ) . . . . . . . .. 79 \sqcupplus (|) . . . . .
\sqcupplus (F) . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . . 23
. . . 24
square root . . . . . . . see \sqrt
hooked . . . . . see \hksqrt
\smile (^) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
\sqdoublecap (^) . . .
k
\smile (⌣) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 . . . . . 23 \SquareCastShadowBottomRight
\sqdoublecup (_) . . . . . . . . 23 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
m
smile symbols . . . . . . . . . .. 48
\smileeq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 \sqdoublefrown (-) . . . . . . . 48 \SquareCastShadowTopLeft ( )
\smileeqfrown (&) . . . . . .. 48 \sqdoublefrowneq (7) . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . 80
\sqdoublesmile (,) . . . . . . . 48
l
\smilefrown (≍) . . . . . . . .. 48 \SquareCastShadowTopRight
\smilefrowneq (() . . . . . .. 48 \sqdoublesmileeq (6) . . . . . 48 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\Smiley (©) . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 \sqeqfrown (5) . . . . . . . . . . 48 \Squaredot (÷) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\smiley (,) . . . . . . . . . . .. 88 \sqeqsmile (4) . . . . . . . . . . 48 \squaredots (∷) . . . . . . 24, 64
smiley faces . . . . . 72, 88, 90, 98 \sqfrown (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \Squarepipe (—) . . . . . . . . . 73
\sndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . .. 35 \sqfrowneq (3) . . . . . . . . . . 48 squares . . . . . . . . . . . 79–80, 94
\Snow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91
\sqfrowneqsmile (9) . . . . . . 48
\SquareShadowA ( ) . . . . . . 79
R (1) . .
\sqfrownsmile . . . . . 48
\SquareShadowB ( ) . . . . . . 79
h
\SnowCloud ( ) . . . . . . . .. 91
`
\Snowflake ( ) . . . . . . . .. 78
\sqiiint ( ) . . . . .
P
. . . . . 27
\SquareShadowBottomRight ( )
^
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
” . . . . . . . . . 80
\SnowflakeChevron ( ) . .. 78
_
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\SquareShadowC ( ) . . . . . . 79
\SnowflakeChevronBold ( ) 78 \sqint ( ) . . . . . . . .
›
. . . . . 27
\SquareShadowTopLeft ( ) . 80 j
i
snowflakes . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78
\sqint (√) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\SquareShadowTopRight ( ) 80
g
\SNPP ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 \sqrt ( ) ........ . 59, 106
\snststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \sqsmile (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \SquareSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\sqsmileeq (2) . . . . . . . . . . 48 \Squaresteel (“) . . . . . . . . 73
\sntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\snttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sqsmileeqfrown (8) .
\sqsmilefrown (0) . .
.
.
.
.
. . . 48
. . . 48
B
\squarewithdots ( ) . . . . . 80
\SO (␎) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \squigarrowdownup (³) . . . 43
\Sqsubset (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\sqSubset () . . . . .
\SOH (␁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \squigarrowleftright (↭) . 43
. . . . . 37
\sqsubset () . . . . .
South Arabian alphabet . . . . 87 \squigarrownesw (´) . . . . . 43
. . . . . 37 \squigarrownwse (µ) . . . . . . 43
space \sqsubset (@) . . . . . . . 36, 37
thin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 \squigarrowrightleft (²) . 43
\sqsubset (⊏) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\sqsubseteq () . . . .
visible . . . . . . . . . . . . see \squigarrowsenw (·) . . . . . 43
. . . . . 37 \squigarrowswne (¶) . . . . . 43
\textvisiblespace \sqsubseteq (v) . . . . . . . . . 36
\Spacebar ( ) . . . . 72 \squigarrowupdown (±) . . . . 43
\sqsubseteq (⊑) . . . . . . . . . 37 \squplus (]) . . . . . . . . . .
\sqsubseteqq () . . .
. 23
spades (suit) . . . . . . . 65–67, 80 . . . . . 37 \SS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\spadesuit (♠) . . . . . . . . . . 65 \sqsubseteqq (\) . . . . . . . . 37 \ss (ß) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\spadesuit (♠) . . . . . . . . . . 66 \sqsubsetneq () . . .
]
. . . . . 37
\ssdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\Sparkle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \sqsubsetneq (⋤) . . . . . . . . 37
\
\SparkleBold ( ) . . . . . . . . 78 \sqsubsetneqq () . .
\sqsubsetneqq (ö) . .
.
.
.
.
. . . 37
. . . 37
\ssearrow (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\sslash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
sparkles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\Sqsupset (_) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ssststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
“special” characters . . . . . . . . 9
\SpecialForty (Ú) . . . . . . 90 \sqSupset () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \sststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\sphericalangle (?) . . . . . 66 \sqsupset () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ssttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sphericalangle (^) . . . . . 66 \sqsupset (A) . . . . . . . 36, 37 \sswarrow ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\sphericalangle (∢) . . . . . 66 \sqsupset (⊐) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \stackrel . . . . . . . 21, 104, 108
\sqsupseteq (
) . . . .
*
\SpinDown () . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
. . . . . 37 standard state . . . . . . . . . . 104
)
\SpinUp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\sqsupseteq (w) . . . .
\sqsupseteq (⊒) . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . . 36
. . . 37
\star (?) . . . . . . . . . . 22, 107
\star (⋆) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\sqsupseteqq () . . .
\spirituslenis (a –) . . . . . . . 58
. . . . . 37 Star of David . . . . . . . . 77, 78
\spirituslenis (—) . . . . . . . 58 \sqsupseteqq (]) . . . . . . . . 37 \starredbullet (d) . . . . . . . 78
\splitvert (¦) . . . . . . . . . . 72 \sqsupsetneq () . . . . . . . . 37 stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 77–79
spoon symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 47 \sqsupsetneq (⋥) . . . . . . . . 37 \stater (῝) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\spreadlips (ȧ) . . . . . . . . . 16 \sqsupsetneqq () . .
\sqbullet (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
. . . . . 37 statistical independence . . . 106
\sqsupsetneqq (÷) . . . . . . . 37
\sqcap ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \sqtriplefrown (/) . . . . . . . 48 \staveI ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\sqcap (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \sqtriplesmile (.) . . . . . . . 48
\sqcap (⊓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
0
\Square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \staveII () . . . . . . . . . . 97
\sqcapdot (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcapplus (}) . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Square ( vs. f 0vs. ) . . 101 \staveIII () . . . . . . . . 97
\Square () . . . . . . . .. . . . 77
f
\sqcapplus (G) . . . . . . . . . . 23 \staveIV () . . . . . . . . . 97
\sqcup (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Square ( ) . . . . . . . .. . . . 80
\sqcup (t) . . . . . . . . . . 21, 22 \square () . . . . . . . . .. . . . 23 \staveIX () . . . . . . . . . . 97
\sqcup (⊔) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \square () . . . . . . . .. . . . 66 \staveL (1) . . . . . . . 97, 98
155
\staveLI (2) . . . . . . . . . 97 \staveXLVIII (/) . . . . . 97 :
\StrokeOne ( ) . . .. . . . . . . . 92
\staveXV () . . . . . . . . . 98 \StrokeThree ( ) ::: . . . . . . . . 92
::
\staveLII (3) . . . . . . . . 97
\StrokeTwo ( ) . .. . . . . . . . 92
\staveXVI () . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveLIII (4) . . . . . . . . 97 \stst (−
◦
) ..... .. . . . . . . 104
\staveLIV (5) . . . . . . . . 97 \staveXVII () . . . . . . . . 98 \stststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\staveLIX (:) . . . . . . . . 98 \staveXVIII () . . . . . . . 98 \sttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\staveLV (6) . . . . . . . . . . 97 \staveXX () . . . . . . . . . 98 \stttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\staveXXI () . . . . . . . . 98
\staveLVI (7) . . . . . . . . . 97 \STX (␂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\staveXXII () . . . . . . . . 98 \SUB (␚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\staveLVII (8) . . . . . . . . 97 subatomic particles . . . . . . . 74
\staveXXIII () . . . . . 98 \subcorner (a) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\staveLVIII (9) . . . . . . . 98 \subdoublebar ^ (a) . . . . . . . 16
\staveXXIV () . . . . . . . . 97 ¯
\staveLX (;) . . . . . . . 98 \subdoublevert (a) . . . . . . . 16
\staveXXIX () . . . . . . . 97
\sublptr (a) . . . "". . . . . . . . . 16
\staveLXI (<) . . . . . . . . . 98 \staveXXV () . . . . . . . . 97 \subrptr (a¡ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\staveLXII (=) . . . . . . . . 98 \staveXXVI () . . . . . . . 97 subscripts ¿
new symbols used in . . 105
\staveLXIII (>) . . . . . . . 98 \staveXXVII () . . . . . . . 97 \Subset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveLXIV (?) . . . . . . . . . 98 \Subset (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveXXVIII () . . . . . . 97 \Subset (⋐) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveLXV (@) . . . . . . . . . 98 \subset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXX () . . . . . . . . 97
\subset (⊂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveLXVI (A) . . . . . . . . 98 \subset (⊂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXI () . . . . . . . . 97
\staveLXVII (B) . . . . . . . . 98 \subseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXII () . . . . . . 97
\subseteq (⊆) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveLXVIII (C) . . . . . . . 98 \subseteq (⊆) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXIII ( ) . . . . . . . 97
staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \subseteqq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
staves (package) . . . . . . 97, 119 \staveXXXIV (!) . . . . . . 97 \subseteqq (j) . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveXXXIX (&) . . . . . . 98 \subseteqq (⫅) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveV () . . . . . . . . . . 97 \subsetneq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXV (") . . . . . . . 98 \subsetneq (() . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveVI () . . . . . . . . . 97 \subsetneq (⊊) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXVI (#) . . . . . . 98 \subsetneqq () . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveVII () . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXXVII ($) . . . . . 98 \subsetneqq ($) . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveVIII () . . . . . . . 97 \staveXXXVIII (%) . . . . 98 \subsetneqq (⫋) . . . . . . . . . 37
\subsetplus (D) . . . . . . . . . 37
\stdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \subsetpluseq (F) . . . . . . . 37
\staveX ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\steaming (♨) . . . . . . . . . . 67 subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37
\staveXI (
) . . . . . . . . . . 97 steinmetz (package) 70, 119, 121 \succ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Steinmetz phasor notation . . 70 \succ (≻) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\staveXII () . . . . . . . . . 98 sterling . . . . . . . . . see \pounds \succapprox (Ç) . . . . . . . . . 32
\staveXIII () . . . . . . . . 98 stick figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \succapprox (v) . . . . . . . . . 30
\Stigma (Ϛ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \succapprox (⪸) . . . . . . . . . 32
\staveXIV (
) . . . . . . . . 98 \stigma (ϛ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \succcurlyeq (¥) . . . . . . . . 32
\staveXIX () . . . . . . . . 98 stmaryrd (package) 22, 26, 31, 37, \succcurlyeq (<) . . . . . . . . 30
40, 42, 48, 53, 54, 101, 104, \succcurlyeq (≽) . . . . . . . . 32
\staveXL (') . . . . . . . . . . 98
118–120 \succdot (Í) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
stochastic independence see \bot
\staveXLI (() . . . . . . . . . 98
\StoneMan ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\succeq () . . . . . . . . .
\succeq (⪰) . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . 30
. . 32
\staveXLII ()) . . . . . . . 98 \Stopsign (!) . . . . . . . . . . 74
\succeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\StopWatchEnd ( ) . . . . . . . 91 \succnapprox (Ë) . . . . . . . . 32
\staveXLIII (*) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXLIV (+) . . . . . . . 98 \StopWatchStart ( ) . . . . . 91
\succnapprox () . . . . .
\succnapprox (⪺) . . . . .
.
.
. . 31
. . 34
\stress (h) . . . . .
\succneq () . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 18
. . . 32
\staveXLIX (0) . . . . . . . . 97 \strictfi (K) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\succneqq () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\succnsim (Å) . . . . . . .
\strictif (J) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\staveXLV (,) . . . . . . . . 98 . . . 32
\strictiff (L) . . . . . . . . . 31
\succnsim () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\strokedint (⨏) . . . . . . . . . 29
\staveXLVI (-) . . . . . . . . 98
\StrokeFive ( ) ; . . . . . . . . 92
\succnsim (⋩) . . . . . . . .
\succsim (Á) . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . 34
. . 32
\staveXLVII (.) . . . . . . . 97 \StrokeFour ( ) . :::: . . . . . . . . 92 \succsim (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
156
\succsim (≿) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \swrsquigarrow (®) . . . . . . 43 logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
such that . . . . . . . . . . 103, 105 \swspoon (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 47 magical signs . . . . . . . . 97
P (3
\suchthat − ) . . . . . . . . . 105 \swswarrows () . . . . . . . . 43 mathematical . . . . . 21–69
\sum ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 swung dash . . . . . . . . see \sim METAFONTbook . . . . . 89
\sum (∑) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \swVdash (î) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 metrical . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\sumint (⨋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \swvdash (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 miscellaneous . . 65–67, 80,
\Summit ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \syl (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 88–99
\SummitSign ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91
\syllabic (j) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Á
monetary . . . . . . 18, 19, 68
\Sun (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \symA ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 musical . 20, 65, 66, 88, 89
vs. @) . . . . 101
Û
\symAE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 navigation . . . . . . . . . . 90
\Sun (À vs.
\Sun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Â
\symB ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
non-commutative division 63
particle physics . . . . . . 74
\symbishop (B) . . . . . . . . . 94
\Sun (À) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Phaistos disk . . . . . . . . 81
Symbol (font) . . . . . . . 51, 103
\sun (☼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 phonetic . . . . . . . . 11–14
\SunCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91
symbols
physical . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
T
actuarial . . . . . . . . . . 108
\SunshineOpenCircled ( ) . 80 pitchfork . . . . . . 30, 47, 66
alpine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\sup (sup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Pitman’s base-12 . . . . . 65
ancient language . . 81–87
superscripts present value . . . . . . . 108
annuity . . . . . . . . . . . 108
new symbols used in . . 105 proto-Semitic . . . . . . . . 81
APL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
supersets . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37 pulse diagram . . . . . . . 70
astrological . . . . . . . . . 71
supremum . . . . . . . . . see \sup recycling . . . . . . . . 98, 99
astronomical . . . . . 71, 98
\Supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 relational . . . . . . . . . . . 30
biological . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\Supset (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 reversed . . . . . . . . . . . 103
block-element . . . . . . . . 97
\Supset (⋑) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 rotated . . . 11–13, 17, 103
body-text . . . . . . . . . 9–20
\supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 safety-related . . . . . . . . 74
bold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\supset (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 scientific . . . . . . . . 70–74
box-drawing . . . . . . . . . 97
\supset (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Simpsons characters . . . 96
chess . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 94
\supseteq (
) . . . . . . . . . . 37 smile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
cipher . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
\supseteq (⊇) . . . . . . . . . . 36 spoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
clock . . . . . . . . . 88, 90–92
\supseteq (⊇) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
communication . . . . . . . 73
\supseteqq () . . . . . . . . . . 37 subset and superset 36, 37
computer hardware . . . . 72
\supseteqq (k) . . . . . . . . . 36 technological . . . . . 70–74
contradiction . . . . . 21, 48
\supseteqq (⫆) . . . . . . . . . . 37 TEXbook . . . . . . . . . . . 89
currency . . . . . . 18, 19, 68
\supsetneq () . . . . . . . . . . 37 transliteration . . . . . . . 14
dangerous bend . . . . . . 89
\supsetneq ()) . . . . . . . . . 36 upside-down 11–13, 17, 103,
definition . . . . . . . 21, 108
\supsetneq (⊋) . . . . . . . . . . 37 114
dictionary . . . . . 11–14, 96
\supsetneqq () . . . . . . . . . 37 variable-sized . 25–30, 100,
dingbat . . . . . . . . . 75–80
102
\supsetneqq (%) . . . . . . . . . 36 dot . . . . . . . 9, 63, 64, 107
weather . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\supsetneqq (⫌) . . . . . . . . . 37 electrical . . . . . . . . . . . 70
zodiacal . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\supsetplus (E) . . . . . . . . . 37 engineering . . . . . . 70, 73
symbols.tex (file) . . . . 100, 119
\supsetpluseq (G) . . . . . . . 37
`
\surd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
extensible . . 47, 59–63, 70,
102, 107–109 Ã
\symC ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\SurveySign ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91 Feynman diagram . . . . . 74 \symking (K) . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\symknight (N) . . . . . . . . . 94
Ü
\Swarrow (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Frege logic . . 47, 53, 65, 67
\Swarrow (⇙) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 frown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \symOE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\swarrow (Ö) . . . . . . . . . . . 42 gates, digital logic . . . . 73 \sympawn (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\swarrow (.) . . . . 41, 106, 107 genealogical . . . . . . . . . 88 \symqueen (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 94
\swarrow (↙) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 general . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 \symrook (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\swarrowtail (&) . . . . . . . . 43 Go stones . . . . . . . . . . 94 Ý
\symUE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\swfilledspoon (v) . . . . . . 47 information . . . . . . . . . 90 \SYN (␖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\swfootline (~) . . . . . . . . . 32 informator . . . . . . . . . . 93
\swfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 inverted . . . 11–13, 17, 103 T
\swharpoonccw (F) . . . . . . . 46 keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . 72 \T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\swharpooncw (N) . . . . . . . . 46 Knuth’s . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \T ( ) . . . . . . . . .
a . . . . . . . . 17
\swlsquigarrow (¦) . . . . . . 43 laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \T (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\swmapsto (.) . . . . . . . . . . 43 legal . . . . . . . . . 9, 19, 116 \t (a)
......... . . . . . . . . 14
\swModels (ö) . . . . . . . . . . 33 letter-like . . . . . . . . 51–53 \t (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\swmodels (æ) . . . . . . . . . . 33 life insurance . . . . . . . 108 t4phonet (package) . 14, 17, 119,
\swnearrows () . . . . . . . . 43 linear logic . . . . 21–23, 25, 120
\swneharpoons (^) . . . . . . . 46 29–30, 36, 51, 52 \Tab ( − →−−→− ) ... . . . . . . . . 72
swords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 linguistic . . . . . . . . 11–14 \tabcolsep . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\swpitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47 log-like . . . . . . . . 49, 113 tacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 51
157
\taild () . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 \textasciibreve (˘) . . . . . . 18 \textcrb (ă) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tailinvr (H) . . . . . . . . ... 13 \textasciicaron (ˇ) . . . . . . 18 \textcrd (ą) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\taill (0) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 \textasciicircum (ˆ) . . 9, 115, \textcrd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\tailn (9) . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 117 \textcrg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tailr (F) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 \textasciidieresis (¨) 18, 116 \textcrh (è) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tails (L) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 \textasciigrave (`) . . . . . . 18 \textcrh (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\tailt (P) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 \textasciimacron . . . . . . . 115 \textcrinvglotstop (Û) . . . 11
\tailz (_) . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 \textasciimacron (¯) 18, 116 \textcrlambda (ň) . . . . . . . 11
\Takt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 89 \textasciitilde (˜) 9, 115, 117 \textcrtwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\talloblong (8) . . . . . . ... 22 \textasteriskcentered (∗) . 9, \textctc (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
tally markers . . . . . . . . . 85, 92 20 \textctd (ć) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tan (tan) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 49 \textbabygamma (È) . . . . . . . 11 \textctdctzlig (ćý) . . . . . . 11
\tanh (tanh) . . . . . . . . . ... 49 \textctesh (š) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\Taschenuhr ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
\textbar (|) . . . . . . . . . 9, 114
\textbarb (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctj (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctjvar (2) . . . . . . . . . 12
Tate-Shafarevich group see sha \textbarc (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textctn (ő) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tau (τ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \textctstretchc (%) . . . . . . 12
\Taurus (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\textbard (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbardbl (‖) . . . . . . . . . 20 \textctstretchcvar (&) . . . 12
\Taurus (á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \textctt (ť) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbardotlessj (é) . . . . . 11
\taurus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \textcttctclig (ťC) . . . . . . 11
\textbarg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
tautology . . . . . . . . . see \top \textctturnt (@) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textbarglotstop (Ü) . . . . . 11
\tauup (τ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \textctyogh (ÿ) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbari (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tccentigrade (℃) . . . . . . . 65 \textctz (ý) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbarl (ł) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tcmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \textcurrency (¤) . . . 18, 116
\textbaro (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tcohm (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \textcypr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\textbarrevglotstop (Ý) . . 11
\tcpertenthousand (‱) . . 65 \textdagger (†) . . . . . . . 9, 20
\textbaru (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tcperthousand (‰) . . . . . . 65 \textdaggerdbl (‡) . . . . . 9, 20
\textbeltl (ì) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\td (a
..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\textbenttailyogh (B) . . . . 12
\tddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \textbeta (B) . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textdbend ( ) . . . . . . . . . 89
\textbigcircle (○) . . . . . . 20 \textdblhyphen (-) . . . . . . . 20
\tdststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\textbktailgamma (.) . . . . . 12 \textdblhyphenchar () . . . . 20
\tdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \textdblig ()) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textblank (␢) . . . . . . . . . . 20
\tdttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \textdctzlig (dý) . . . . . . . . 11
\textblock ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textdegree (°) . . . . . 67, 116
technological symbols . . 70–74 \textborn (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\textdied (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\Telefon (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \textbottomtiebar (a <) . . . . 15
\Telephone ( ( ) . . . . . . . . 92 \textbraceleft ({) . . . . . . . . 9
\textdiscount () . . . . . . . 20
@
\textdiv (÷) . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\Telephone ( ) . . . . . . . . . 98 \textbraceright (}) . . . . . . . 9 \textdivorced (c) . . . . . . . 88
Tennent, Bob . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \textbrevemacron (˘ ā) . . . . . 15 \textdkshade ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\Tent ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \textbrokenbar (¦) . . . 20, 116
\textbullet (•) . . . . 9, 20, 117
\textdnblock ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\Terminus (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \textdollar ($) . . . . . . . 9, 18
\terminus (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \textbullseye (ò) . . . . . . . 11 \textdollaroldstyle () . . 18
\Terminus* (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \textcelsius (℃) . . . . 70, 117 \textdong (₫) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\terminus* (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \textceltpal ( ) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textdotacute (§ a) . . . . . . . 15
\tesh (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textcent (¢) . . . . . . . 18, 116 \textdotbreve (ă)˙ . . . . . . . 15
testfont.dvi (file) . . . . . . 111 \textcentoldstyle () . . . . 18 \textdoublebaresh (S) . . . . 11
testfont.tex (file) . . . 111, 112 )
\textchi ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textdoublebarpipe (}) . . . 11
\tetartemorion (Β) . . . . . . . 19 \textcircled (
) . . . . . . . . 14 \textdoublebarpipevar (H) . 12
teubner (package) 19, 64, 87, 95, \textcircledP (℗) . . . . . . 19 \textdoublebarslash (= / ) . . 11
119, 120 \textcircumacute (Ż a) . . . . . 15 \textdoublegrave (‚ a) . . . . . 15
TEX . . . 40, 47, 64, 70, 97, 100, \textcircumdot (ˆ ȧ) . . . . . . . 15 \textdoublegrave (a ) . . . . . 17
103–109, 111–113, 115, 117, \textcloseepsilon (Å) . . . . 11 \textdoublepipe ({) . . . . . . 11
118, 122 \textcloseomega (Ñ) . . . . . . 11 \textdoublepipevar (G) . . . 12
TEXbook, The 103–107, 109, 112 \textcloserevepsilon (Æ) . . 11 \textdoublevbaraccent (İ a) . 15
symbols from . . . . . . . . 89 \textcolonmonetary (₡) . . . 18 \textdoublevbaraccent (a ¼) . 17
\text . . . . . . . . . . 21, 105, 106 \textcommatailz (Þ) . . . . . . 11 \textdoublevertline (Ş) . . 11
\textacutedbl (˝) . . . . . . . 18 textcomp (package) . . . . . . . 8, \textdownarrow (↓) . . . . . . . 41
\textacutemacron (´ ā) . . . . . 15 9, 14, 18–20, 41, 57, 67, 70, \textdownfullarrow (ˇ) . . . 12
\textacutewedge (´ ǎ) . . . . . . 15 88, 100, 115, 119 \textdownstep (Ť) . . . . . . . . 11
\textadvancing (affi) . . . . . . . 15 \textcopyleft («) . . . . . . 19 \textdyoghlig (Ã) . . . . . . . 11
\textaolig (") . . . . . . . . . . 12 \textcopyright (©) . 9, 19, 116 \textdzlig (dz) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textasciiacute (´) . . 18, 116 \textcorner (^) . . . . . . . . . . 11 \texteightoldstyle () . . . 20
158
\textellipsis (. . . ) . . . . . . . 9 \texthtrtaild (č) . . . . . . . 11 \textoneoldstyle . . . . . . . . 20
\textemdash (—) . . . . . . . . . 9 \texthtscg (É) . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textoneoldstyle () . . . . . 20
\textendash (–) . . . . . . . . . . 9 \texthtt (Ö) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textonequarter (¼) . . 67, 116
\textepsilon (E) . . . . . . . . 11 \texthtt (º) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textonesuperior (¹) . 67, 116
\textepsilon (¢) . . . . . . . . 14 \texthvlig (ß) . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textopenbullet (◦) . . . . . . 20
\textesh (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \textifsym . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \textopencorner (_) . . . . . . 11
\textesh (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textinterrobang (‽) . . . . . 20 \textopeno (O) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textestimated (℮) . . . . . . 20 \textinterrobangdown () . . 20 \textopeno (ª) . . . . . . . . . . 14
\texteuro (€) . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \textinvglotstop (Û) . . . . . 11 \textordfeminine (ª) 9, 20, 116
\texteuro (€) . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \textinvomega (;) . . . . . . . 12 \textordmasculine (º) . . 9, 20,
\texteuro (€) . . . 18, 115, 117 \textinvsca (p) . . . . . . . . . 12 116
\textexclamdown (¡) . . . . . . . 9 \textinvscr (K) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textovercross — (‰ a) . . . . . . . 15
\textfemale (7) . . . . . . . . . 12 \textinvscripta (!) . . . . . . 12 \textoverw (a) . . . . . . . . . . 15
\textfishhookr (R) . . . . . . . 12 \textinvsubbridge (a „) . . . . 15 \textpalhook (%) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textfiveoldstyle () . . . . 20 \textiota (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textpalhooklong (ˆ) . . . . . 12
\textfjlig () . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textiota (à) . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textpalhookvar (˜) . . . . . . 12
\textflorin (ƒ) . . . . . . . . . . 18 \textlambda (ń) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textparagraph (¶) . . . . 9, 20
\textfouroldstyle () . . . . 20 \textlangle (〈) . . . . . 57, 114 \textperiodcentered (·) . 9, 20,
\textfractionsolidus (⁄) . . 67 \textlbrackdbl (〚) . . . . . . . 57 116
\textfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \textleaf (l) . . . . . . . . . . 88 \textpertenthousand (‱) . 20
\textfrbarn (5) . . . . . . . . . 12 \textleftarrow (←) . . . . . . 41 \textperthousand (‰) 20, 117
\textfrhookd (’) . . . . . . . . 12 \textlengthmark (:) . . . . . . 11 \textpeso () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textfrhookdvar (() . . . . . . 12 \textless (<) . . . . . . . 9, 114 \textphi (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textfrhookt (?) . . . . . . . . 12 \textlfblock ( ) . . . . . . . . 97 \textpilcrow (¶) . . . . . . . . 20
\textfrtailgamma (-) . . . . . 12 \textlfishhookrlig (I) . . . 12 \textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textg (ě) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ~ \textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textgamma (G) . . . . . . . . . . 12 \textlhdbend ( ) . . . . . . . 89 \textpipevar (F) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textglobfall (Ů) . . . . . . . 12 \textlhookfour (#) . . . . . . . 12 \textpm (±) . . . . . . . . 67, 116
\textglobrise (Ű) . . . . . . . 12 \textlhookp (<) . . . . . . . . . 12 \textpmhg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\textglotstop (P) . . . . . . . 11 \textlhookt (ş) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textpolhook (a˛ ) . . . . . . . . 15
\textglotstopvari (T) . . . . 12 \textlhti (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \textprimstress (") . . . . . . 11
\textglotstopvarii (U) . . . 12 \textlhtlongi (ę) . . . . . . . . 11 \textproto . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\textglotstopvariii (V) . . 12 \textlhtlongy (ű) . . . . . . . 11 \textqplig (=) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textgoth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \textlinb . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 86 \textquestiondown (¿) . . . . . 9
\textgravecircum (Ž a) . . . . . 15 \textlira (₤) . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \textquotedbl (") . . . 10, 114
\textgravedbl () . . . . . . . 18 \textlnot (¬) . . . . . . . 67, 116 \textquotedblleft (“) . . . . . 9
\textgravedot (đ a) . . . . . . . 15 \textlonglegr (Ô) . . . . . . . . 11 \textquotedblright (”) . . . . 9
\textgravemacron (` ā) . . . . . 15 \textlooptoprevesh (>) . . . . 12 \textquoteleft (‘) . . . . . . . . 9
\textgravemid (Ź a) . . . . . . . 15 \textlowering (afl) . . . . . . . 15 \textquoteright (’) . . . . . . . 9
\textgreater (>) . . . . . 9, 114 \textlptr (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textquotesingle (') . 20, 114
\textgrgamma (,) . . . . . . . . 12 \textlquill (⁅) . . . . . . . . . 57 \textquotestraightbase (‚) 20
\textguarani () . . . . . . . . 18 \textltailm (M) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textquotestraightdblbase („)
\texthalflength (;) . . . . . . 11 \textltailn (ñ) . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . 20
\texthardsign (ż) . . . . . . . 11 \textltailn (©) . . . . . . . . . 14 \textraiseglotstop (ij) . . . 11
\textheng (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \textltilde (ë) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textraisevibyi (ğ) . . . . . . 11
\texthmlig (4) . . . . . . . . . 12 \textltshade ( ) . . . . . . . . 97 \textraising (afi) . . . . . . . . 15
\texthooktop (#) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textlyoghlig (Ð) . . . . . . . 11 \textramshorns (7) . . . . . . . 11
\texthtb (á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textmarried (m) . . . . . . . . 88 \textrangle (〉) . . . . . 57, 114
\texthtb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textmho (℧) . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \textrbrackdbl (〛) . . . . . . . 57
\texthtbardotlessj (ê) . . . . 11 \textmidacute (Ÿ a) . . . . . . . 15 \textrecipe () . . . . . 20, 102
\texthtbardotlessjvar (3) . 12 \textminus (−) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \textrectangle (¨) . . . . . . . 12
\texthtc (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . 70, 116 \textreferencemark (※) 20, 21
\texthtc (°) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textmusicalnote (♪) . . . . . 20 \textregistered (®) 9, 19, 116
\texthtd (â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textnaira (₦) . . . . . . . . . . 18 \textretracting (affl) . . . . . . 15
\texthtd (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textnineoldstyle () . . . . 20 \textretractingvar (˚) . . . 12
\texthtg (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textnrleg (6) . . . . . . . . . . 12 \textrevapostrophe (\) . . . . 11
\texthth (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textnumero (№) . . . . . . . . . 20 \textreve (9) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texththeng (Ê) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textObardotlessj (Í) . . . . 11 \textrevepsilon (3) . . 11, 103
\texthtk (Î) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textObullseye (9) . . . . . . 12
\texthtk (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textohm (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \textreversedvideodbend ( )
\texthtp (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textOlyoghlig (ŋ) . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . 89
\texthtp (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textomega (ř) . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textrevglotstop (Q) . . . . . 11
\texthtq (Ó) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textonehalf (½) . . . . 67, 116 \textrevscl (v) . . . . . . . . . 12
159
\textrevscr (z) . . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFiv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textsuperimposetilde (a &) . 16
\textrevyogh (ź) . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFix ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textsuperscript . . . . . . . . 16
\textrhooka ( ) . . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFl ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textsurd (√) . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\textrhooke (*) . . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFli ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textswab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\textrhookepsilon (+) . . .. 12 \textSFlii ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textsyllabic (a) . . . . . . . 16
\textrhookopeno (:) . . . . .. 12 \textSFliii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97 \texttctclig (tC)" . . . . . . . . 11
\textrhookrevepsilon (Ç) . 12 \textSFliv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textteshlig (Ù) . . . . . . . . 11
\textrhookschwa (Ä) . . . . .. 12 \textSFv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textteshlig () . . . . . . . . 14
\textrhoticity (~) . . . . . .. 12 \textSFvi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \texttheta (T) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textrightarrow (→) . . . .. 41 \textSFvii ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthing (N) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\textringmacron (˚ ā) . . . . .. 15 \textSFviii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthorn (þ) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textroundcap (“a) . . . . . .. 15 \textSFx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthornvari (P) . . . . . . . 12
\textrptr (¿) . . . . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFxi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthornvarii (Q) . . . . . . 12
\textrquill (⁆) . . . . . . . .. 57 \textSFxix ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthornvariii (R) . . . . . 12
\textrtaild (ã) . . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFxl ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthornvariv (S) . . . . . . 12
\textrtaild (ð) . . . . . . . .. 14 \textSFxli ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthreeoldstyle () . . . 20
\textrtailhth (/) . . . . . .. 12 \textSFxlii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthreequarters (¾) 67, 116
\textrtaill (í) . . . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFxliii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97 \textthreequartersemdash ()
\textrtailn (ï) . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxliv ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97 . . . . . . . . . 20
\textrtailr (ó) . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxlix ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97 \textthreesuperior (³) 67, 116
\textrtails (ù) . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxlv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\texttildedot (˜ ȧ) . . . . . . . 16
\textrtailt (ú) . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxlvi ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\texttildelow (~) . . . 20, 115
\textrtailt (») . . . . . . . .. 14 \textSFxlvii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\texttimes (×) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\textrtailz (ü) . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxlviii ( ) . . . . . . . 97
\texttoneletterstem (£) . . . 11
\textrtblock ( ) . . . . . . .. 97 \textSFxx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\texttoptiebar (> a) . . . . . . . 16
\textrthook ($) . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxxi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\texttrademark (™) . 9, 19, 117
\textrthooklong (´) . . . . .. 12 \textSFxxii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\texttslig (ţ) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textsarab . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87 \textSFxxiii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textturna (5) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textsca (À) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxxiv ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textturncelig (ŕ) . . . . . . 11
\textscaolig (q) . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFxxv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textturnglotstop (E) . . . . 12
\textscb (à) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxxvi ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textturnh (4) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textscdelta (r) . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFxxvii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textturnk (ľ) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textsce (ď) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxxviii ( ) . . . . . . . 97
\textturnlonglegr (Õ) . . . . 11
\textscf (s) . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 \textSFxxxix ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textscg (å) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxxxvi ( ) . . . . . . . . 97 \textturnm (W) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textsch (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxxxvii ( ) . . . . . . . 97 \textturnmrleg (î) . . . . . . 11
\textschwa (@) . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textSFxxxviii ( ) . . . . . . . 97 \textturnr (ô) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textschwa (¡) . . . . . . . . .. 14 \textshade ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97 \textturnrrtail (õ) . . . . . . 11
\textsci (I) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsixoldstyle () . . . . . 20 \textturnsck (u) . . . . . . . . 12
\textscj (ĺ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsoftsign (ž) . . . . . . . . 11 \textturnscripta (6) . . . . . 11
\textsck (t) . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 \textspleftarrow (˝) . . . . . 12 \textturnscu ({) . . . . . . . . 12
\textscl (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsterling (£) . . . . . 9, 18 \textturnt (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textscm (w) . . . . . . . . . .. 12 \textstretchc (Â) . . . . . . . 11 \textturnthree (C) . . . . . . . 12
\textscn (ð) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textstretchcvar ($) . . . . . 12 \textturntwo (A) . . . . . . . . 12
\textscoelig (Œ) . . . . . . .. 11 \textstyle . . . . . 105, 106, 113 \textturnv (2) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textscomega (ś) . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubacute (a) . . . . . . . 15 \textturnw (û) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textscp (x) . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 \textsubarch (a)› . . . . . . . . 15 \textturny (L) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textscq (y) . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 \textsubbar (a)“ . . . . . . . . . 15 \texttwelveudash () . . . . . 20
¯ \texttwooldstyle . . . . . . . . 20
\textscr (ö) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubbridge (a ”) . . . . . . . 15
\textscripta (A) . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubcircum (a) . . . . . . . 15 \texttwooldstyle () . . . . . 20
\textscriptg (g) . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubdot (a) ˆ. . . . . . . . . 15 \texttwosuperior (²) . 67, 116
\textscriptv (V) . . . . . . .. 11 ˙
\textsubdoublearrow (˙) . . 12 \textuncrfemale (8) . . . . . . 12
\textscriptv (¬) . . . . . . . .. 14 \textsubgrave (a) . . . . . . . 15 \textunderscore ( ) . . . . . . . 9
\textscu (Ú) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsublhalfring‹ (a) . . . . 15 \textuparrow (↑) . . . . . . . . 41
–
\textscy (Y) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubplus (aff) . . . . . . . . 15 \textupblock ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textseagull (a) . . . . . . .. 15 \textsubrhalfring (a» ) . . . . 15 \textupfullarrow (˘) . . . . . 12
\textsecstress () . . . . . .. 11 \textsubrightarrow (¯) . . . 12 \textupsilon (U) . . . . . . . . 11
\textsection (§) . . . . . . 9, 20 \textsubring (a) . . . . . . . . 15 \textupstep (Ţ) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textservicemark (℠) . . . .. 19 \textsubsquare˚(a «) . . . . . . . 15 \textvbaraccent (IJ a) . . . . . . 16
\textsevenoldstyle () . .. 20 \textsubtilde (a) . . . . . . . 15 \textvbaraccent (a ¿) . . . . . . 17
\textSFi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 97 \textsubumlaut ˜(a) . . . . . . . 15 \textvertline (Š) . . . . . . . . 12
\textSFii ( ) . . . . . . . . . .. 97 —) . . ¨. . . . . . . . . 16
\textsubw (a \textvibyi (ğ) . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textSFiii ( ) . . . . . . . . .. 97 \textsubwedge (a) . . . . . . . 16 \textvibyy (ů) . . . . . . . . . . 12
ˇ
160
\textvisiblespace ( ) . . . . . 9 >) . . . . . . . . 105, 107
\topbot (⊥ \ttdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\textwon (₩) . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \topdoteq () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \TTsteel (š) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\textwynn (ß) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 torus (T) . see alphabets, math
\textxswdown (U) . . . . . . . . 91 \ToTop (¼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \ttststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\textxswup (T) . . . . . . . . . 91 trademark . see \texttrademark \tttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\textyen (¥) . . . . . . . 18, 116 \TransformHoriz ( ) . . . . 36
\textyogh (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 transforms . . . . . . . . . . 36, 63 \ttttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\textyogh (¶) . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \TransformVert ( ) . . . . . . 36 TUGboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\textzerooldstyle () . . . . 20 transliteration \Tumbler () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\TH (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 116 turnstile (package) . 35, 119, 120
J
semitic . . . . . . . . . . 14, 17
\th (þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 116 transliteration symbols . . . . 14 \TwelweStar ( ) . . . . . . . . 78
Thành, Hàn Th´ê . . . . . . . . 107 transpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 twiddle . . . . . . . . . . . see tilde
\therefore (6) . . . . . . . . . . 32 transversal intersection . . . see \twoheaddownarrow (↡) . . . . 43
\therefore (∴) . . . . . . . 30, 64 \pitchfork \twoheadleftarrow () . . . 41
\therefore (∴) . . . . . . . . . . 64 trema (ä) . . . . . . . see accents \twoheadleftarrow (↞) . . . 44
\Thermo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 trfsigns (package) 36, 52, 63, 119 \twoheadnearrow () . . . . . 44
\Theta (Θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \triangle (4) . . . . . . . . . . 65 \twoheadnwarrow () . . . . . 44
\theta (θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \triangle (△) . . . . . . . . . . 40 \twoheadrightarrow () . . 41
\thetaup (θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 triangle relations . . . . . . 39, 40 \twoheadrightarrow (↠) . . 44
\thething (N) . . . . . . . . . . 91 3
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 79 \twoheadsearrow () . . . . . 44
\thickapprox (≈) . . . . . . . . 30 o 3
\TriangleDown ( vs. ) . 101 \twoheadswarrow () . . . . . 44
\thicksim (∼) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\thickvert (~) . . . . . . . . . . 55
o
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\twoheaduparrow (↟) . . . . . . 44
\twonotes () . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\triangledown (O) . . . . . . . 66
thin space . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 txfonts (package) . . . . . . 21–23,
\ThinFog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\triangledown (▽) . . . . . . . 40
\triangleeq (≜) . . . . . . . . . 40
27, 30, 31, 36–38, 41, 42, 48,
\thinstar (⋆) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\third (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2
\TriangleLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 79
50–52, 65, 66, 68, 100, 102,
115, 119, 120
\triangleleft () . . . . . . . 40 type1cm (package) . . . . . . . 100
thirty-second note . see musical \triangleleft (/) . . . . . . . 22
symbols Type 1 (font) . . . . . . . . . . 112
\triangleleft (◁) . . . . . . . 40
\Thorn (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \trianglelefteq () . . . . . 40
\thorn (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 U
\trianglelefteq (E) . . . . . 39 \U (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\thorn (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \trianglelefteq (⊴) . . . 39, 40
\thorn (þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ¼˘) . . . . . . . . . .
\U (a . . . . . . . 14
\trianglelefteqslant (P) . 40
thousandths . . . . . . . . . . . see \u (ă) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\triangleq (,) . . . . . . 21, 39 \UArrow ( ↑ ) . . . . . . . . . . 72
\textperthousand
\triangleq (≜) . . . . . . . . . . 40
\threesim (∼ ∼
∼) . . . . . . . . . 104
tick . . . . . . . . . see check marks 4
\TriangleRight ( ) . . . . . . 79
\UB (<) . . . . . . . . .
\ubar (u) . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . 89
. . . . 13
tilde 9, 11, 13, 15–16, 18, 20, 57, \triangleright () . . . . . . 40 \ubarbbrevis (ε) . . . . . . . 95
59, 61, 107, 115 \triangleright (.) . . . . . . . 22 \ubarbrevis (δ) . . . . . . . . . 95
extensible . . . . . . . 59, 61 \triangleright (▷) . . . . . . 40 \ubarsbrevis (φ) . . . . . . . 95
vertically centered . . . 115 \trianglerighteq () . . . . 40 \ubrevislonga (κ) . . . . . . . 95
\trianglerighteq (D) . . . . 39 ubulb.fd (file) . . . . . . 111, 112
\tilde (˜) . . . . . . . . . 57, 107
\trianglerighteq (⊵) . . 39, 40
\tildel (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ucs (package) . . . . . . . . 117, 118
\trianglerighteqslant (Q) 40 \udesc (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
time of day . . . . . . . . . . 91, 92
triangles . . . . 66, 73, 79–80, 94 \udot () . . . . . . . .
1
\timelimit (T) . . . . . . . . . 93 . . . . . . . 23
\TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
n 1
\times (×) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \udotdot () . . . . . . . . . 24, 64
\TriangleUp ( vs. ) . . . 101 \udots (⋰) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
n
\times (×) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Times Roman (font) . . 18, 102 \TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 80 \udtimes (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
timing (package) . . . . . . . . . 70 \triple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \UHORN (Ư) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
tipa (package) 11, 12, 14–17, 103, \triplefrown () . . . . . . . . 48 \uhorn (ư) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
119, 120 \triplesim (≋) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ulcorner (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
tipx (package) . . . . 12, 119, 120 \triplesmile () . . . . . . . . 48 \ulcorner (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\tndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 trsym (package) . . . 36, 119, 120
\tsbm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \ulcorner (⌜) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\tnststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\tntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \tsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\ullcorner (6) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\tsmb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\tnttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \tsmm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\to . . . . . . . . see \rightarrow \ulrcorner (;) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\tsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\ToBottom (½) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\Tsteel (œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 ulsy (package) . 24, 48, 103, 119
\tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\top (>) . . . . . . . . . 22, 51, 105 \tststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \Umd (ga) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\top (⊺) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \tsttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 umlaut (ä) . . . . . . see accents
161
unary operators . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Updelta (∆) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \Upsilon (Υ) . . . . . . . . . .. 50
\unclear (k) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \updelta (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \upsilon (υ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
\underaccent . . . . . . . . . . 107 \Updownarrow (m) . . . . . 41, 54 \upsilonup (υ) . . . . . . . . .. 50
\underarc (a
^
) ..... . . . . . . 17 \Updownarrow (⇕) . . . . . . . . 44 \upslice (À) . . . . . . . . . .. 25
\underarch (a) . . . . . . . . . . 16 \updownarrow (l) . . . . . 41, 54 \upspoon (⫯) . . . . . . . . . . .. 47
\underbrace (loomoon) . . . . . . 60 \updownarrow (↕) . . . . . . . . 44 \upt (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
\underbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . 60 \updownarrows (Ö) . . . . . . . 42 \uptau (τ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
® \updownarrows () . . . . . . . 44 \uptherefore (∴) . . . . . 24, 64
\underbrace (|{z}) . . . . . . . 60 \updownharpoonleftright (Q) 46 \Uptheta (Θ) . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\underbrace (|{z}) . . . . . . . 59 \updownharpoonrightleft (U) 46 \uptheta (θ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\updownharpoons (ê) . . . . . . 43 \uptodownarrow (þ) . . . . .. 42
\upuparrows (Ò) . .
\underbracket ( ) . . . . . . . 60
\updownharpoons (⥮) . . . . . . 46 . . . . . .. 42
\underbracket ( ) . . . 108, 109 \Updownline (∥) . . . . . . . . . 33 \upuparrows () . . . . . . .. 41
\underdots (r) . . . . . . . . . . 18 \updownline (∣) . . . . . . . . . 33 \upuparrows (⇈) . . . . . . . .. 44
\undergroup (looo n) . . . . . . . 60 \upepsilon (ε) . . . . . . . . . . 51 \upupharpoons (Ú) . . . . . .. 43
\upeta (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \Upupsilon (Υ) . . . . . . . . .. 51
\undergroup ( ) . . . . . . . . 60
´¶ \upfilledspoon (q) . . . . . . . 47 \upupsilon (υ) . . . . . . . . .. 51
\underleftarrow (← \upfootline (y) . . . . . . . . . 33
−) . . . . . 59 \upvarepsilon (ε) . . . . . . .. 51
\underleftharp (() . . . . . . . 47 \upfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \upvarphi (ϕ) . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\Upgamma (Γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \upvarpi (ϖ) . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\underleftharpdown ()) . . . 47
\upgamma (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \upvarrho (ρ) . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\underleftrightarrow (← →) 59 upgreek (package) . 51, 119, 120 \upvarsigma (σ) . . . . . . . .. 51
underline . . . . . . . 9, 21, 59, 61 \upharpoonccw (↿) . . . . . . . . 46 \upvartheta (ϑ) . . . . . . . .. 51
\underline ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 59 \upharpooncw (↾) . . . . . . . . 46 \upVdash (⍊) . . . . . . . . . .. 33
z
x \upharpoonleft (ä) . . . . . . . 43
\underlinesegment ( ) . . . . 60 \upvdash (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . .. 33
\underparenthesis (|}) 108, 109 \upharpoonleft () . . . . . . . 41 \Upxi (Ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\upharpoonright (æ) . . . . . . 43 \upxi (ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\underrightarrow (− →) . . . . 59 \upharpoonright () . . . . . . 41 \upY ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24
\underrightharp (*) . . . . . . 47 \upiota (ι) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \upzeta (ζ) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\underrightharpdown (+) . . 47 \upkappa (κ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \Uranus (G) . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
\underring (y) . . . . . . . . . . 18 \Uplambda (Λ) . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \Uranus (Ç) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
underscore . . . . . see underline \uplambda (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \uranus (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
underscore (package) . . . . . . . 9 \uplett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \urcorner (y) . . . . . . . . . .. 53
\underset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 \uplsquigarrow (¡) . . . . . . . 44 \urcorner (q) . . . . . . . . . .. 53
undertilde (package) 61, 119, 120 \uplus (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\undertilde (|) . . . . . . . . . 18 \uplus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \urcorner (⌝) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\underwedge (}) . . . . . . . . . 18 \uplus (⊎) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 url (package) . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Unicode . . . . . . 8, 97, 117–118 \upmapsto (↥) . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\US (␟) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
union . . . . . . . . . . . . see \cup \upModels (ñ) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\usepackage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
unit disk (D) . . . see alphabets, \upmodels (á) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
ushort (package) . . 61, 119, 121
math \upmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\ushort ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\unitedpawns (u) . . . . . . . . 93 \upnu (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\ushortdw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
units (package) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \Upomega (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 51
unity (1) . . see alphabets, math \upomega (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \ushortw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
universa (package) . 80, 90, 119, \upp (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \ut (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
UTF-8 ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 118
120 \upparenthfill . . . . . . . . 109
universal (package) 75, 77, 80, 90, \Upphi (Φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 utf8x (inputenc package option) .
119, 120 \upphi (φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 . . . . . . . . 117
\unlhd (E) . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23 \Uppi (Π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \utilde ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\utimes (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
e
\unlhd (⊴) . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40 \uppi (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\unrhd (D) . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23 \uppitchfork (⋔) . . . . . . . . 47 \utimes ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\unrhd (⊵) . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40 \uppropto () . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Utopia (font) . . . . . . . . . 18, 30
\upalpha (α) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \Uppsi (Ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\UParrow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 \uppsi (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 V
\Uparrow (⇑) . . . . . . . . . 41, 54 upquote (package) . . . . . . . 115 \v (ǎ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\Uparrow (⇑) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \uprho (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \vara (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\uparrow (↑) . . . . . . 41, 54, 100 upright Greek letters . . . 50, 51 \varangle () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\varbigcirc (,) . . . . . . . . 22
\uparrow (↑) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \uprsquigarrow (©) . . . . . . . 44
\uparrowtail (!) . . . . . . . . 44 upside-down symbols . . . . . 114 \VarClock ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\upbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 upside-down symbols 11–13, 17, \varclub (♧) . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\upbeta (β) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 103 \varclubsuit (p) . . . . . . . . 66
\upbracketfill . . . . . . . . 109 \Upsigma (Σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \varcoppa (ϙ) . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\upchi (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \upsigma (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \varcurlyvee () . . . . . . . . 22
162
\varcurlywedge ( ) . . . . . . 22 \varparallelinv (
) . . . . . . 31 \VDash (⊫) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33
\vardiamond (♦) . . . . . . . . . 67 \varpartialdiff (Ç) . . . . . . 53 \Vdash (,) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
\vardiamondsuit (q) . . . . . . 66 \varphi (ϕ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Vdash (
) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
\varEarth (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \varphiup (ϕ) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Vdash (⊩) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33
\varepsilon (ε) . . . . . . . . . 50 \varpi ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \vDash (() . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
\varepsilonup (ε) . . . . . . . . 50 \varpi ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \vDash () . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
\VarFlag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \varpiup ($) . . . . . .
. . . . . 50 \vDash (⊧) . . . . . . .
\vdash (`) . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
33
30
varg (txfonts/pxfonts package op- \varprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \varprojlim (lim) . . . . . . . . 49 \vdash (⊢) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33
←−
\varg (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \varpropto (∝) . . . . . . . . . 30 \vdotdot (∶) . . . . . . . . . 24, 64
\varg (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \varpropto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . 33 .
\vdots (..) . . . . . . . .
\vargeq (©) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\varQ ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
. . . . . . 63
\varhash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\vdots (⋮) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\varrho (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\vec (⃗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
\varheart (♥) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \varrho (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\vec (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\varheartsuit (r) . . . . . . . 66 \varrhoup (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Vectorarrow (p) . . . . . . . . . 67
\varhexagon (9) . . . . . . . . . 78 \varsigma (ς) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\varhexstar (B) . . . . . . . . . 77 \varsigmaup (ς) . . . . . . . . . 50 \Vectorarrowhigh (P) . . . . . . 67
\vari (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \varspade (♤) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \vee (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
variable-sized symbols . . 25–30, \varspadesuit (s) . . . . . . . 66 \vee (∨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varsqsubsetneq () \vee (∨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\veebar (Y) . . . . . .
100, 102
. . . . . 37
\VarIceMountain ( ) . . . . . 91 \varsqsubsetneqq () . . . . 37 . . . . . . 23
\varinjlim (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49 \varsqsupsetneq () . . . . . 37 \veebar (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
r −→
\varsqsupsetneqq ()
\veedot (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\veedoublebar ([) .
\varint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . 37
. . . . . . 23
\varstar () . . . . . . .
\Venus (B) . . . . . . .
\various (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 . . . . . 23
. . . . . . 71
\varkappa (κ) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \varstigma (ϛ) . . . . . . . . . . 87
\Venus (Ã) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\varleq (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \varsubsetneq () . . . . . . . 37
\venus (♀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\varliminf (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49 \varsubsetneq ( ) . . . . . . . 36
\vernal () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\varlimsup (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49 \varsubsetneq (⊊) . . . . . . . 37
\varsubsetneqq () . . . . . . 37 versicle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
\varmathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\VarMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 91 \varsubsetneqq (&) . . . . . . 36 \VERT (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\varnothing (∅) . . . . 21, 65, 66 \varsubsetneqq (⫋) . . . . . . . 37
\varnothing (∅) . . . . . . . . . 66
\VarSummit ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91
\Vert (k) . . . . .
\vert (|) . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
54, 56
54, 56
\varnotin (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \varsupsetneq () . . . . . . . 37 \vertbowtie (⧖) . . . . . . . . . 24
\varnotowner (U) . . . . . . . . 52 \varsupsetneq (!) . . . . . . . 36 \vertdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\varoast () . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \varsupsetneq (⊋) . . . . . . . 37 \VHF (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\varobar () . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \varsupsetneqq () . . . . . . 37 \Vier (ˇ “ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\varobslash () . . . . . . . . . 22 \varsupsetneqq (') . . . . . . 36 vietnam (package) . . . . . . . 119
\varocircle () . . . . . . . . . 22 \varsupsetneqq (⫌) . . . . . . . 37
\varodot () . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \Village ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
\varogreaterthan (5) F. . . . 22 \VarTaschenuhr ( ) . . . . . . 91 \vin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\varoiiintclockwise ( ) . 27 \vartheta (ϑ) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 vinculum . . . . . . see \overline
N \varthetaup (ϑ) . . . . . . . . . 50
\varoiiintctrclockwise ( ) \ViPa (> ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89
\vartimes (") . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \Virgo (å) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
. . . . .!. . . . 28
\vartriangle (M) . . . . . . . . 66 \virgo (`) . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
\varoiint ( ) . . . . B . . . . . . 28
\vartriangle (△) . . . . . . . . 40 \VM (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89
\varoiintclockwise ( ) . . 28 \vartriangleleft ()
J . . . . 40 vntex (package) . . . . . . . 10, 14
\varoiintctrclockwise ( ) 28 \vartriangleleft (C) . . . . 39
u \vod (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
\varoint ( ) . . . . .- . . . . . . 26 \vartriangleleft (⊲) . . 39, 40 ˚
\voicedh (h) . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
\varointclockwise ( ) . . . . 28 \vartriangleright () . . . . 40
ff \vppm ( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95
\varointclockwise ( ) +. . . . 28 \vartriangleright (B) . . . 39 \vpppm ¯( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . 28
fl
\vartriangleright (⊳) . 39, 40 \vrule ¯. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . . 28 \varv (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \VT (␋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72
\varolessthan (4) . . . . . . . 22 \varvarpi (È) . . . . . . . . . . 51 \vv ( #») . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61
\varomega () . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \varvarrho (Æ) . . . . . . . . . . 51 \VvDash () . . . . . . . . . . .. 31
\varominus () . . . . . . . . . . 22 \varw (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \Vvdash (,) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
\vary (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\varopeno (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Vvdash () . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
\varoplus () . . . . . . . . . . 22 \VBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \Vvdash (⊪) . . . . . . . . . . .. 33
\varoslash () . . . . . . . . . . 22 \vbipropto () . . . . . . . . . . 24 \vvvert (~) . . . . . . . . . . .. 55
\varotimes () . . . . . . . . . . 22 \vcentcolon (:) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\varovee (6) . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \vcenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 W
\varowedge (7) . . . . . . . . . . 22 \vcrossing () . . . . . . . . . . 33 \WashCotton (‰) . . . . . . . . 90
\varparallel (∥) . . . . . . . . 31 \VDash (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \WashSynthetics (Š) . . . . 90
163
\WashWool (‹) . . . . . . . . . . 90 \wideparen ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 60 \xLongleftarrow (⇐=
=) . . . . 62
\wasylozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . 88 \wideparen (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . 60
−) . . . . 62
\xlongleftarrow (←−
\wasypropto () . . . . . . . . . 31 \wideparen (Û) . . . . . . . . . . 59
wasysym (package) . . 13, 18, 20, \widering (ů) . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \xLongleftrightarrow (⇐= =⇒)
22, 23, 26, 30, 31, 36–38, 41, . . . . . . . . . 62
\widering (˚
) . . . . . . . . . . . 60
64–66, 70, 71, 73, 77, 78, 88, \xlongleftrightarrow (←− −→)
101, 119, 120 \widering (Û̊) . . . . . . . . . . . 59
. . . . . . . . . 62
\wasytherefore (∴) . . . . . . 64 \widetilde (̃) . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widetilde (e) . . . . . . . 59, 61 =⇒) . . . 62
\xLongrightarrow (=
wavy-line delimiters . . . . 55, 56
\wbetter (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \widetriangle (Ê) . . . . . . . 59 −→) . . . 62
\xlongrightarrow (−
\wdecisive (h) . . . . . . . . . 93 \wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \xmapsto (7−→) . . . . . . . . . . 62
\weakpt (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\WeakRain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91 Windows® . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 \xmapsto (7−→) . . . . . . . . . . 63
\WeakRainCloud ( ) . . . . . . 91 \with (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\with (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
weather symbols . . . . . . . . . 91 ⇒) . . . . . . . . 62
\xRightarrow (=
\Wecker ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\withattack (A) . . . . . . . . . 93
\withidea (E) . . . . . . . . . . 93
→) . . . . . . . 61
\xrightarrow (−
\wedge (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \withinit (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 +) . . 62
\xrightharpoondown (−
\wedge (∧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \without (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \xrightharpoonup (−
*) . . . . 62
\wedge (∧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \wn (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\wedgedot (.) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 woman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 90 \xrightleftharpoons (−
*
)−) . 62
Weierstrass ℘ function . see \wp
d
\wfermion ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\Womanface (þ) . . . . . . . . . 90
won . . . . . . . . . . see \textwon
−
*
\xrightleftharpoons ()−) . 62
\Wheelchair (w) . . . . . . . . . 90
m
Xs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 90
#
world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\whfermion ( ) . . . . . . . . . 74 \wp (℘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \XSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 77
\whistle (aŢ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \wp (℘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \XSolidBold ( ) $ . . . . . . .. 77
\WhiteBishopOnBlack (A) 94
\wr (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\wr (≀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\XSolidBrush ( ) % . . . . . . .. 77
\xswordsdown (U) . . . . . . .. 91
\WhiteBishopOnWhite (B)
\wreath (≀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\xswordsup (T) . . . . . . . .. 91
\WhiteEmptySquare (0) .
94 wreath product . . . . . . see \wr
94 \Writinghand (b) . . . . . . . . 90 \xtwoheadleftarrow (−−−) 63
wsuipa (package) 13, 16, 18, 101,
\WhiteKingOnBlack (J) .
\xtwoheadrightarrow (−−−) 63
94 103, 107, 119, 120
XY-pic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
\wupperhand (c) . . . . . . . . . 93
\WhiteKingOnWhite (K) . 94 Y
X
\WhiteKnightOnBlack (M)
\x (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \Ydown () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
94 yen . . . . . . . . . . . see \textyen
\x (˙˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\WhiteKnightOnWhite (N)
˙˙ (4) . . . .
\XBox . . . . . . . . . . 77 yfonts (package) 68, 69, 119, 120
94 yhmath (package) 58, 59, 61, 64,
Xdvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 103
\WhitePawnOnBlack (O) .
XELATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 107, 119
94 xfrac (package) . . . . . . . . . . 67 \Yinyang (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\WhitePawnOnWhite (P) .
\Yleft () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
94 −-) . . . . . 62
\xhookleftarrow (← \yogh (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\yogh (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\WhiteQueenOnBlack (L)
\xhookrightarrow (,− →) . . . . 62
94 \Xi (Ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Yright () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Yu, Billy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
\WhiteQueenOnWhite (Q)
\xi (ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
94 \xiup (ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Yup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\WhiteRookOnBlack (S) .
=)
\xLeftarrow (⇐ . . . . . . . . 62
Z
94 −) . . . . . . . . 61
\xleftarrow (← Zapf Chancery (font) . . . ... 68
\WhiteRookOnWhite (R) .
Z
−) . . . 62
\xleftharpoondown () Zapf Dingbats (font) . . . 75, 77
94
\Zborder ( ) . . . . . . . . ... 80
\whitestone . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 −) . . . . . 62
\xleftharpoonup ((
\zeta (ζ) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 50
whole note see musical symbols
⇒)
\xLeftrightarrow (⇐ . . . 62 \zetaup (ζ) . . . . . . . . . . ... 50
Wick contractions . . . . . . . 109
⇒)
\xLeftrightarrow (⇐ . . . 62 \Zodiac . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 71
\widearc (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widearrow (t) . . . . . . . . . . 60 zodiacal symbols . . . . . . ... 71
→)
\xleftrightarrow (← . . . 62 ....
\widebar (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \Ztransf ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36
→)
\xleftrightarrow (← . . . 62 ....
\widecheck (q) . . . . . . . . . . 60 \ztransf ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36
\widehat (̂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 (
\xleftrightharpoons (−
+−) . 62 \zugzwang (D) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\widehat (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\wideOarc (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \xlongequal (===) . . . . . . . . 63 \Zwdr (ˇ “* ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\wideparen (u) . . . . . . . . . . 60 \xlongequal (===) . . . . . . . . 62 \ZwPa ( A ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
164