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Mycology - Chapter - FUNGI CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE PDF
Mycology - Chapter - FUNGI CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE PDF
The Kingdom Fungi is enormous, the identified species and those not yet classified add up to over
300,000 species. The majority of these species are microscopic fungi (yeasts and moulds, often
used for the production of antibiotics). A relatively small number of species have reproductive
systems known as “mushrooms” that can be easily observed.
In the field, fungi of various shapes and colours can be observed. Examples of common shapes
and appearances are the saddle or honeycomb shapes, coral shape appearances or egg-shaped
growing under ground, and finally the best known appearance, the umbrella shaped (with a cap
and a stipe). Similar variations exist in the colour, taste and smell of fungi. However, such
macroscopic observations are not sufficient to achieve a proper scientific identification and
classification of fungi and, consequently, microscopic studies are also necessary.
For the purposes of this guide the following classification is used (COURTECUISSE, 1994):
Kingdom Fungi
Division Amastigomycota
Subdivision Ascomycotina
Class Ascomycetes
Subclass Pyrenomycetidae
Order Xylariales
Subclass Pezizomycetideae
Order Helotiales
Order Ostropales
Order Pezizales
Order Tuberales
Subdivision Basidiomycotina
Class Phragmabasidiomycetes
Order Auriculariales
Order Tremellales
Class Homobadisiomycetes
Subclass Aphyllophoromycetideae
Order Cantharellales
Order Clavariales
Order Ganodermatales
Order Polyporales
Suclass Gasteromycetidae
Order Lycoperdales
Order Sclerodermatales
Subclass Agaricomycetideae
Order Agaricales
Order Amanitales
Order Boletales
Order Cortinariales
Order Entolomatales
Order Pluteales
Order Russulales
Order Tricholomatales
ASCOMYCETES.
They are called “higher fungi” along with the
Basidiomycetes. They differ from the Basidiomycetes in
their reproductive cells. Ascomycetes are characterised by
sac-shape sporanges of relatively big size (up to 400 μm
[0.4 mm]) which are called “asci”, with spores inside, the
“ascospores”. These reproductive cells are surrounded
by sterile ones, the “paraphyses”, both are part of the
hymenium.
The most interesting species from a gastronomic and
commercial point of view are from the following genera: Aleuria aurantia
Morchella, Helvella, Tuber, Terfezia.
BASIDIOMYCETES.
Their sporanges are club-shaped formations and
are called “basidia”; they carry “basidiospores”
attached to them through the intermediate of a
“sterigma”. The sterile cells surrounding them are
“cystidia”.
KINGDOM
TYPE or DIVISION
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
The success of the method relies on its objective and universal character. Animals and plants
that are discovered at a later date will follow the same rules of classification that the ones
already discovered; therefore the method is open and flexible.
This universal system of classification of living beings is called binomial system, because
each species is defined by two Latin or Latinised names.
MYCOLOGICAL TAXONOMY
FUNGI
Cl. LABOULBENIOMYCETES.
Cl. ACARPOASCOMYCETES
s.Cl. Erysiphomycetideae
s.Cl. Pirenomycetidae
Cl. HYMENIOASCOMYCETES
s.Cl. Loculoascomycetideae
s.Cl. Lecanoromycetideae
s.Cl.Pezizomycetideae.
O. PHACIDIALES.
s.C.PEZIZOMYCETIDEAE
O. LEOTIALES.
s.O. SARCOSCYPHINEAE
DISCOM. OPERCULADOS
s. O. PEZIZINEAE
Fam. TERFEZIEAE.
TUBERALES
Fam. TUBERACEAE.
GENERAL CLASIFICATION OF “BASIDIOMYCETES” AND
“APHYLLOPHOROMYCETES”
Cl. TELIOMYCETES.
s.D. BASIDIOMYCOTINA
Cl. PHRAGMOBASIDIOMYCETES.
GRUPOS DE TRANSICION.
s.Cl. Aphyllophoromycetideae
Cl. HOMOBASIDIOMYCETES
s.Cl. Agaricomycetideae.
s.Cl. Gasteromycetideae.
O. CORTICIALES F. CORTICIACEAE
F. STEREACEAE
F. BANKERACEAE
O. TELEPHORALES F. TELEPHORACEAE
F. AURISCALPIACEAE
O. HERICIALES F. HERICIACEAE
F. CLAVICORONACEAE
O. HYMENOCHAETALES F. COLTRICIACEAE
F. PHELLINACEAE
O. GANODERMATALES F. GANODERMATACEAE
F. PHAEOLACEAE
F. GRIFOLACEAE
S. Cl. F. FOMITOPSIDACEAE
APHYLLOPHOROMYCETIDEAE O. HYMENOCHAETALES
F. CORIOLACEAE
F. BJERKANDERACEAE
F. FISTULINACEAE
F. POLIPORACEAE
F. SCHYZOPYLLACEAE
F. CLAVARIACEAE
F. CLAVARIADELPHACEAE
O. CLAVARIALES F. CLAVULINACEAE
F. RAMARIACEAE
F. SPARASSIDACEAE
F. TYPHULACEAE
F. GOMPHACEAE
F. HYDNACEAE
O. CANTHARELLALES F. CRATERELLACEAE
F. CANTHARELLACEAE
F. SCUTIGERACEAE
GENERAL CLASIFICATION OF “AGARICOMYCETES”
F. PLEUROTACEAE
F. HYGROPHORACEAE
O. TRICHOLOMATALES F. TRICHOLOMATACEAE
s.F. Tricholomatoideae
s.F. Leucopaxilloideae
s.F. Lyophylloideae
F. MARASMIACEAE
F. DERMOLOMACEAE
F. AGARICACEAE
O. AGARICALES F. COPRINACEAE
- g. Amanita
O. AMANITALES - g. Limacella
s.Cl. AGARICOMYCETIDEAE
F. PLUTEACEAE
O. PLUTEALES
F. ENTOLOMATACEAE
O. ENTOLOMATALES F. MACROCYSTIDIACEAE
F. RHODOTACEAE
F. CORTINARIACEAE
O. CORTINARIALES F. CREPIDOTACEAE
F. STROPHARIACEAE
F. BOLBITIACEAE
F. ELASMOMYCETACEAE
O. RUSSULALES F. RUSSULACEAE
F. HYGROPHOROPSIDACEAE
F. OMPHALOTACEAE
O. BOLETALES F. PAXILLACEAE
F. GOMPHIDIACEAE
F. BOLETACEAE
F. GYRODONTACEAE
F. STROBILOMYCETACEAE
GENERAL CLASIFICATION OF “GASTEROMYCETES”
O.HYMENOGASTERALES F. HYMENOGASTRACEAE
F. GASTERELLACEAE
O. MELANOGASTRALES F. MELANOGASTRACEAE
F. LEUCOGASTRACEAE
O. LYCOPERDALES F. GEASTRACEAE
F. LYCOPERDACEAE
O.SCLERODERMATALES F. ASTRACEAE
s.Cl.GASTEROMYCETIDEAE F. PISOLITHACEAE
F. SCLERODERMATACEAE
O. TULOSTOMALES F. BATTARAEACEAE
F. TULOSTOMATACEAE
O. NIDULARIALES F. NIDULARIACEAE
F. SPHAEROBOLACEAE
O. HYSTERANGIALES
F. PHALLACEAE
O. PHALLALES F. CLATHRACEAE