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Response To Harmonic & Impulsive Loading: Dynamics of Structures Problem Set No. 2
Response To Harmonic & Impulsive Loading: Dynamics of Structures Problem Set No. 2
Prepared by:
Submitted to:
Derive the general solution for the damped force vibration system. Compare the responses
(acceleration, velocity, and displacement) for the two case: (a) ῶ = 10rad/sec and (b) ῶ = 34rad/sec.
Discuss the effect of ῶ on the vibration of the system.
The equation of motion is:
where:
− p0 β 1
A=0(at rest initial condtion) B=
k [ ]
1−β 2
p0 1−β 2 p0 −2 ξβ
C= D=
k (1−β 2 )2+(2 ξβ)2 k (1−β 2)2 +(2 ξβ)2
p0 1
v ( t )=[ Acos ( ω D t ) +Bsin ( ω D t ) ] e−ξωt +
[ 2 2
k (1−β ) +(2 ξβ)2
[ ]
( 1−β 2) sinῶt −2ξβ cos ( ῶt ) ]
d p 1
velocity , v (t)' =
d (t)
[ [
Acos ( ω D t ) + Bsin ( ωD t ) ] e−ξωt + 0 2 2
k (1−β ) +(2 ξβ)2
[ ]
( 1−β 2 ) sinῶt −2 ξβ cos ( ῶt ) ]
d2 p 1
acceleration , v (t )' ' =
d (t)
2[
Acos ( ω D t ) + Bsin ( ω D t ) ] e−ξωt + 0
k [ 2 2
(1− β ) +(2 ξβ)
2
]
[ ( 1−β 2 ) sinῶt −2 ξβ cos (ῶt )]
k rad ῶ
ω n=
√ m
=20 √ 3=34.641
sec .
β=
ωn
rad
ω D =ω n √ 1−ξ 2=34.613
sec .
Displacement (ῶ=10rad/sec)
Total Response Transient Vibration Force Vibration
0
0
Displacement (meter)
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
0
0
Time (second)
Figure 1a
Displacement
Total response (ῶ=34Vibration
Transient rad/sec) Force Vibration
0
0
Displacement (meter)
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
0 Time (second)
Figure 1b
Figure 1 shows the plot of the displacement of the frame subjected to harmonic loading.
The graph shows two distinct vibration components: the transient vibration, and the forced or
steady-state vibration, and its total response. Figure 1a shows the displacement for force angular
velocity, ῶ = 10 rad/sec, and figure 1b for ῶ = 34 rad/sec.
Total response Velocity (ῶ=10rad/sec)
Transient Vibration Force Vibration
0
0
0
0
Velocity (m/s)
0
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
0
0
0
0
0 Time (second)
Figure 2a
0
Velocity (m/s)
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
0 Time (second)
Figure 2b
Figure 2 shows the plot of the velocity of the frame subjected to harmonic loading
F(t)=10sin(ῶt). Figure 2a shows the velocity for force angular velocity, ῶ = 10 rad/sec, and
figure 2b for ῶ = 34 rad/sec.
Acceleration (ῶ=10rad/sec)
Total Response Transient Vibration Force Vibration
Acceleration (m/s2)
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
- Time (second)
Figure 3a
Acceleration (ῶ=34rad/sec)
Total Response Transient Vibration Force Vibration
Acceleration (m/s2) 0
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
- Time (second)
Figure 3b
Figure 3 shows the plot of the acceleration of the frame due to the harmonic loading
F(t)=10sin(ῶt). Figure 3a shows the acceleration for force angular velocity, ῶ = 10 rad/sec, and
figure 3b for ῶ = 34 rad/sec.
−ξωt −ξωt
The first term of the general equation, “ Acos(ω D t )e + Bsin ( ωD t ) e represents the
the transient response, which damps out exponentially with time, with accordance to e−ξωt . The
second term, Csin(ῶt)+Dcos(ῶt) represents the forced or steady-state harmonic response,
which will continue indefinitely.
As shown in the figure, as the value of force frequency equals to the natural frequency
(ω D =ω n), the amplitude of the vibration increases.
II. Analyze the same structure in I, but replace the load F(t) with blast load shown below.
12
10
Force (Newton)
8
6
4
2
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75
Time (second)
2.1 ∆ ṕ i=∆ pi + q v i +b ai
∆ ṕi
2.2 ∆ x i=
ǩ
γ ∆ xi γ xi γ
2.3 ∆ v i=
β ∆t
−
β
+ ∆ t ai 1−
2β ( )
∆ xi vi ai
2.4 ∆ ai= 2
− −
β ∆t β∆t 2β
2.5 x i+1=x 1+ ∆ x i , vi +1=v 1+ ∆ v i , ai+1=a1+ ∆ ai
3.0 Repetition for the next time step. Replace i by i = 1 and implement steps 2.1 to 2.5 for the next
time step.
The successive time steps are summarized in Table 1.0
Table 1.0 Numerical Solution by Average Acceleration Method
ti
pi ai (m/s2) Δpi Δṕi (N) Δxi (m) Δvi (m/s) Δai (m/s2) vi (m/s) xi (m)
(sec
(N) (Step 2.5) (N) (Step 2.1) (Step 2.2) (Step 2.3) (Step 2.4) (Step 2.5) (Step 2.5)
)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.400 0.400 1.92E-09 3.83E-07 7.66E-05 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.40 7.66E-05 0.400 1.943 9.31E-09 1.10E-06 6.58E-05 3.83E-07 1.92E-09
0.02 0.80 1.42E-04 0.400 4.822 2.31E-08 1.66E-06 4.77E-05 1.48E-06 1.12E-08
0.03 1.20 1.90E-04 0.400 8.671 4.15E-08 2.02E-06 2.46E-05 3.14E-06 3.43E-08
0.04 1.60 2.15E-04 0.400 13.020 6.24E-08 2.14E-06 -7.75E-07 5.17E-06 7.59E-08
0.05 2.00 2.14E-04 0.400 17.357 8.31E-08 2.01E-06 -2.53E-05 7.31E-06 1.38E-07
0.06 2.40 1.89E-04 0.400 21.184 1.01E-07 1.65E-06 -4.63E-05 9.32E-06 2.21E-07
0.07 2.80 1.42E-04 0.400 24.073 1.15E-07 1.11E-06 -6.15E-05 1.10E-05 3.23E-07
0.08 3.20 8.07E-05 0.400 25.719 1.23E-07 4.62E-07 -6.91E-05 1.21E-05 4.38E-07
0.09 3.60 1.16E-05 0.400 25.964 1.24E-07 -2.27E-07 -6.86E-05 1.26E-05 5.61E-07
0.10 4.00 -5.70E-05 0.400 24.818 1.19E-07 -8.71E-07 -6.02E-05 1.23E-05 6.86E-07
0.11 4.40 -1.17E-04 0.400 22.450 1.08E-07 -1.40E-06 -4.52E-05 1.15E-05 8.05E-07
0.12 4.80 -1.62E-04 0.400 19.163 9.18E-08 -1.75E-06 -2.53E-05 1.01E-05 9.12E-07
0.13 5.20 -1.88E-04 0.400 15.361 7.36E-08 -1.89E-06 -3.05E-06 8.30E-06 1.00E-06
0.14 5.60 -1.91E-04 0.400 11.494 5.51E-08 -1.81E-06 1.90E-05 6.41E-06 1.08E-06
0.15 6.00 -1.72E-04 0.400 8.008 3.84E-08 -1.53E-06 3.82E-05 4.60E-06 1.13E-06
0.16 6.40 -1.34E-04 0.400 5.294 2.54E-08 -1.07E-06 5.25E-05 3.07E-06 1.17E-06
0.17 6.80 -8.10E-05 0.400 3.644 1.75E-08 -5.08E-07 6.05E-05 2.00E-06 1.20E-06
0.18 7.20 -2.06E-05 0.400 3.218 1.54E-08 1.00E-07 6.12E-05 1.49E-06 1.21E-06
0.19 7.60 4.07E-05 0.400 4.034 1.93E-08 6.81E-07 5.49E-05 1.59E-06 1.23E-06
0.20 8.00 9.56E-05 0.400 5.965 2.86E-08 1.17E-06 4.25E-05 2.27E-06 1.25E-06
0.21 8.40 1.38E-04 0.400 8.758 4.20E-08 1.51E-06 2.55E-05 3.44E-06 1.28E-06
0.22 8.80 1.64E-04 0.400 12.071 5.78E-08 1.67E-06 6.00E-06 4.95E-06 1.32E-06
0.23 9.20 1.70E-04 0.400 15.508 7.43E-08 1.63E-06 -1.36E-05 6.61E-06 1.38E-06
0.24 9.60 1.56E-04 0.400 18.671 8.94E-08 1.40E-06 -3.12E-05 8.24E-06 1.45E-06
0.25 10.00 1.25E-04 -0.400 20.403 9.77E-08 2.57E-07 -1.98E-04 9.64E-06 1.54E-06
0.26 9.60 -7.33E-05 -0.400 18.944 9.07E-08 -1.65E-06 -1.84E-04 9.90E-06 1.64E-06
0.27 9.20 -2.58E-04 -0.400 13.747 6.58E-08 -3.33E-06 -1.50E-04 8.25E-06 1.73E-06
0.28 8.80 -4.07E-04 -0.400 5.506 2.64E-08 -4.57E-06 -9.90E-05 4.92E-06 1.79E-06
0.29 8.40 -5.06E-04 -0.400 -4.748 -2.27E-08 -5.25E-06 -3.81E-05 3.53E-07 1.82E-06
0.30 8.00 -5.45E-04 -0.400 -15.785 -7.56E-08 -5.32E-06 2.55E-05 -4.90E-06 1.80E-06
0.31 7.60 -5.19E-04 -0.400 -26.313 -1.26E-07 -4.77E-06 8.45E-05 -1.02E-05 1.72E-06
0.32 7.20 -4.35E-04 -0.400 -35.138 -1.68E-07 -3.69E-06 1.32E-04 -1.50E-05 1.60E-06
0.33 6.80 -3.02E-04 -0.400 -41.288 -1.98E-07 -2.21E-06 1.63E-04 -1.87E-05 1.43E-06
0.34 6.40 -1.39E-04 -0.400 -44.129 -2.11E-07 -5.15E-07 1.75E-04 -2.09E-05 1.23E-06
0.35 6.00 3.61E-05 -0.400 -43.422 -2.08E-07 1.19E-06 1.66E-04 -2.14E-05 1.02E-06
3.00...
2.50...
Displacement (m)
2.00...
1.50...
1.00...
5.00...
0.00...
-5.00...
-1.00... Time (sec)
Figure 4
Velocity
3.00...
2.00...
Velocity (m/s)
1.00...
0.00...
-1.00...
-2.00...
-3.00...
Figure 5
Acceleration
1.00...
8.00...
Acceleration (m/s2)
6.00...
4.00...
2.00...
0.00...
-2.00...
-4.00...
-6.00...
-8.00...
-1.00... Time (sec)
Figure 6
Based on this method, the maximum displacement is:
t max=0.00182mm
The equivalent static force associated with this displacement is:
V max =k x max =10.927 N
The maximum shear force per column is 10.927/3 = 3.642 N
The total maximum moment is:
6 EI x max
M max = =5.463 N . m
L2
The maximum moment per column is 5.463/3 = 1.821 N.m
References: