CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Transmission system transmits power from engine or motor to the wheels. The
transmission in a Hijet is the part that connects the engine to the wheels or axle. In
general, a transmission is any device which transmits mechanical power from one
place to another. Transmissions are also used to change the speed and force
proportions while transmitting mechanical power.

1.1. Introduction to Transmission System

Today, automotive vehicle are widely used in many countries for
transportation and other purposes. So, it is necessary to know about automotive
vehicle in detail for mass production in our developing country. Automotive
technology is also a required sector to develop the country rapidly. At the present day,
the developing industrial zones of Myanmar produce various machines, machine
parts, vehicles such as water pumps, rice mills, tractors for agriculture, dynamos,
grinding machines, drilling machines, lathe machines and welding machines for
industries and workshops, sound proof generator set, trucks, jeeps, bus and other
vehicles for transportation and the various fields.
Transmission system has two types of transmission. They are namely manual
transmission and automobile transmission, which are widely used nowadays. The
manual transmission carries out torque conversion in several drives. The driver has to
shift gears using the gear shift lever with hand or manually. In an automatic
transmission model, the clutch and gear shifting operation is done automatically to the
best suit with the driving condition and torque is converted continuously. These
transmission systems are efficient, convenient, easy to operate, durable and reliable,
but they are relatively expensive to manufacture and service compared to standard
transmission system [14Myo].
The transmission or gear box of an automobile that does not focus on vehicle
movement can be controlled for many emergency cases by changing speed and torque
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of the engine. Nevertheless, manual transmission type is used for so many cars in
various models and locations. In upgrading the technological knowledge, the first step
will be started from the simple and the basic one.
One of the best methods of transmitting power between the shafts is gears.
Power transmission has always been of high importance. Gears are mostly used to
transmit torque and angular velocity. The design and manufacture of precision cut
gears are made from high strength of materials [14Anu]. Gear failure can occur in
various conditions. Of these, one of the most common causes of gear failure is at the
root of the teeth and at the contact of the teeth because of the bending stress . Two of
the most common modes of fatigue failure in gears are tooth bending fatigue and
surface contact fatigue. Gear failure can occur due to incorrect assembly or
misalignment of the gears, overloads, inadvertent stress raisers or subsurface defects
in critical areas and the use of incorrect materials and heat treatments.

1.2. Aim and Objectives

The main aim of this thesis is to minimize the bending stress and contact stress
of gear by changing specific parameter as face width and different materials. The
objectives of this thesis are;

(1) To apply the theory background of vehicle transmission system

(2) To calculate the design of helical gear pairs, shaft in gear box, propeller
shaft and differential gear
(3) To model the helical gear pairs, differential gear and bevel gear pair by
using SolidWorks
(4) To simulate the stress of helical gear and differential gear by using
ANSYS
(5) To compare theoretical and simulation results of bending stress and
contact stress base on various face width and different materials
(6) To construct the transmission system

1.3. Scope of the Thesis

In this thesis, main components of transmission system for Hijet are discussed
and calculated. This Hijet driven by engine have the power rating 20 kW at 6500 rpm.
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Gear box is synchromesh type and has just four forward speed and one reverse speed
manual transmission. The hollow shaft and spiral bevel gear is used for propeller shaft
and differential gear. In this thesis, design calculation of gears, shaft, bearing
selection, propeller shaft, differential gear and axial shaft are presented. By using
SolidWorks software, Stress analysis of gears are studied.

1.4. Implementation Program

The implementation of this thesis are:
(1) Studying the design theory of transmission system.
(2) Calculating the design of helical gear pairs, shaft in gear box, propeller shaft
and differential gear.
(3) Analyzing the stress of helical gear, straight bevel gear and spiral bevel gear
by using ANSYS.
(4) Constructing the designed transmission system.

1.5. Outline of Thesis

There are six chapters in this thesis. Chapter 1 describes introduction of
transmission system. Literature review of transmission is expressed in Chapter 2.
Chapter 3 describes design consideration of transmission system. And then, Chapter 4
shows design calculation of transmission system. Stress analysis of helical gear,
bevel gear and spiral bevel gear with variable face width and three different materials
are analyzed in Chapter 5. Discussions, conclusion and recommendations are
presented in Chapter 6.