D  R  U  G    I  N  D  E  X  

 
Generic/  
Dosage   Mode  of  Action   Indications   Contraindications   Adverse  Effects  
Brand  Name  
Acute  and  chronic  psychoses   Insomnia,  agitation,  anxiety,  
including  1st  episode   headache,  somnolence,  
Risperdal  (Quicklet   psychoses  and  other   fatigue,  dizziness,  impaired  
2  mg/tab   Atypical  antipsychotic   hypersensitivity  
tab)   psychotic  conditions  in  which   conc,  constipation,  
positive  and/or  negative   dyspepsia,  nausea,  vomiting,  
symptoms  are  prominent.     abdominal  pain.    
Indicated  inpatients  requiring   Hyperkalemia,  pre-­comatose  
diuresis  and  concomitant  K+   states  associated  with  
Diumide   supplementation.  Indications   hepatic  cirrhosis.  It  should   In  rare  instance  of  allergic  
K/tab(Furosemide   including  cardiac  edema,   be  used  with  care  in  patients   reaction,  treatment  should  be  
  Carbonic  Anhydrase  Inhibitor  
40  mg,  Potassium   hepatic  edema,  renal  edema,   with  prostatc  hyperplasia  or   discontinued.  Hyperuricemia.  
chloride  600  mg)   pulmonary  edema,  hepatic   impairment  of  micturition   Bome  marrow  depression.    
edema  and  peripheral  edema   since  it  can  precipitate  acute  
of  various  etiology   urinary  retention.    
Hypersensitivity,  pregnancy  
Headache,  dizziness,  
and  lactation.  Severe  
Amlodipine   Calcium  channel  blocker  and  thiazide   nasopharingitis,  fatigue,  
  Hypertension   hepatic  and  renal  
+HCTZ(Valsartan)   diuretics   upper  RTI,  cough,  diarrhea,  
impairment,  biliary  cirrhosis,  
arthralgia,  back  pain  
cholestasis,  anuria  
As  monotherapy  in  adult  
patients  w/  type  2  DM  to  
improve  glycemic  control  in   Nasopharyngitis,  
Linagliptin     Type  1  DM.  Treatment  of  
5  mg  OD   DPP4  inhibitors   conjunction  w/  diet  and   hypersensitivity,  cough,  
(Trajenta)   diabetic  ketoacidosis  
exercise,  or  as  add-­on  to   pancreatitis  
metformin,  sulfonylureas,  
thiazolidinediones,  insulin  
Untreated  narrow-­angle   Fatigue,  dizziness,  
glaucoma,  intestinal   drowsiness,  dry  mouth,  
Drug  induced  movement   stenosis,  or  obstruction,   swelling  of  salivary  glands,  
Biperiden   2  mg/tab   Antiparkinsonian  drug  
disorder   megacolon,  prostatic   accommodation  difficulties,  
hypertrophy,  life  threatening   mydriasis  and  photophobia,  
tachycardia.     gastric  symptoms,  nausea  
Cystitis,  depression,  anxiety,  
Hypersensitivity  to   insomnia,  syncope,  
dihydropyridine  derivatives.   somnolence,  dizziness,  
Amlodipine  +   Biliary  obstructive  disorders,   migraine,  headache,  
Treatment  of  essential  
Telmisartan   5/80  mg  tab   Antihypertensive   Severe  hepatic  impairment,   peripheral  neuropathy,  
hypertension  
(Twynsta)   Cardiogenic  shock,  rare   paresthesia,  hypoesthesia,  
hereditary  condition  of   dysgeussia,  tremor,  vertigo,  
fructose  intolerance.     bradycardia,  palpitations,  
vomiting,  nausea  
 Severely  decompensated  
endocrine,  renal,  hepatic   Anorexia,  GI  upsets,  cardiac  
Parkinson’s  disease  and   and  cardiac  disorders.   arrhythmia  and  orthostatic  
symptoms  except  drug-­ Psychoses  and  severe   hypotension.  Abnormal  
Madopar   250  mg/tab   Neurodegenerative  disease  drugs  
induced  parkinsonian   psychoneuroses.  Patients   involuntary  movements,  Mild  
syndrome   less  than  25  years  old.   transient  leucopenia  and  
Pregnancy  and  lactation.   throcytopenia.    
Combination  with  MAOIs.    
Prevention  of  CV  events  eg  
CV  death,  stroke,  MI,  
Active  liver  disease.  Women  
unstable  angina  or  arterial  
of  childbearing  potentioal  not   Headache,  myalgia,  asthenia,  
Rosuvastatin   revascularization;;  primary  
5  mg/tab   Dyslipidemic  agents   using  appropriate   constipation,  dizziness,  
(Crestor)   hypercholesterolemia,  mixed  
contraceptive  measures.   nausea,  abdominal  pain  
dyslipidemia,  slow  or  delay  
Pregnancy  and  lactation  
progression  of  
atherosclerosis  
Use  with  caution  in  patients  
prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known  
to  have  a  lesion  of  the  
Antithrombotic,  analgesic/antipyretic    
gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting  
administer  to  patients  with  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity   Prophylaxis  of   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
Acetylsalicylic  acid   325  mg/tab  or   hemophilia  and  is  not  
and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;   thromboembolic  disorder;;   hypersensitivity  and  
(Aspirin)   80  mg/tab   recommended  to  infants  <1  
reduces  fever  by  aacting  on  the  brain’s   preventions  of  MI  &  stroke   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
year.  Caution  is  necessary  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
vasodilation  and  sweating.  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated  
Chronic  renal  insufficiency  
together  with  a  low  protein,  
Ketoanalogues  and  nitrogen  free  
Ketosteril     high  caloric  diet  in   hypercalcemia   none  
essential  amino  acid  
compensated  and  
decompensated  retention.    
Pyrexia  of  unknown  origin.  
Fever  &  pain  associated  with  
common  childhood  disorders,  
150mg/ml   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   tonsillitis,  upper  resp  tract  
Aeknil   2~3ml  every  4   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   infections  post-­immunization   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
Hematological,  skin  &  other  
Paracetamol   hours  for  adult   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   reactions,  after  tonsillectomy   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
allergic  reactions  
  1~2ml  every  4   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ &  other  conditions.   or  severe  renal  disease  
hours  for  child   regulating  center   Prevention  of  febrile  
convulsion.  Headache,  cold,  
sinusitis,  muscle  pain,  arthritis  
&  toothacke  
 Absorption  of  most  oral  penicillins  is  
300mg  /  tab     impaired  by  food  (except  amoxicillin),   Rash  or  hypersensitivity  
Allopurinol   Adult  2-­10   and  should  be  administered  1-­2  hours   reactions  (discontinue).  Acute  
Pregnancy  &  lactation.  
(Allomaron,   mg/kg  BW/day.   before  a  meal.  Intravenous  route  is   attack  of  gouty  arthritis  in  
Hepatic  or  renal  impairment  
Allurase,  Alpurase,   Mild  100-­200   preferred  bePcause  of  irritation  and  local   early  stages  of  therapy.  GI  
  (reduce  dose).  Initiate  
Elavil,  Llanol,   mg  daily.   pian  produced  by  the  intramuscular   disturbance.  Blood  &  
therapy  after  acute  gout  
Lopric,  Lopurine,   Moderately   injection  of  large  doses.  Penicillin  is   lymphatic  system  disorders.  
attack  has  subsided  
Loricid,  Purinase)   severe  300-­ rapidly  excreted  by  the  kidney  into  the   Fever,  general  malaise,  
600  mg  daily   urine,  small  amounts  excreted  via  other   headache,  vertigo,  ataxia.  
routes  
As  a  supplement  to  amino  acid  solutions   Monitor  hepatic  function  in  
1.5-­2ml/kg   or  an  amino  acid-­containing  infusion   patients  with  compensated  
Amino  acids  
BW/day,  max  3   regimen  in  parenteral  nutrition  for     hepatic  insufficiency.    
(Dipeptiven)  
wk   hypercatabolic  or  hypermetabolic   Pregnancy  and  lactation  ,  
patients   children  
Contraindicated  in  patients  
with  penicillin   Diarrhea,  nausea,  skin  
Amoclav   Inhibit  cell  wall  synthesis.  Beta  
1  g  tab  once  a   hypersensitivity.   rashes,  urticaria,  vaginitis,  
Clavulanic  acid  –   lactamase  inhibitor  and  protect    
day   Superinfections  involving   abdominal  discomfort,  
Amoxicillin   hydrolysable  penicillins  from  inactivation.    
pseudomonas  or  candida.   flatulence,  headache  
Pregnancy  and  lactation  
Contraindicated  in  patients  
Effects:  diarrhea,  nausea,    
with  penicillin  
Inhibit  cell  wall  synthesis.  Beta   skin  rashes,  urticaria,  
500  mg/  cap   Respiratory  tract,  skin  &  soft   hypersensitivity.  
Amoxicillin   lactamase  inhibitor  and  protect   vaginitis,  abdominal  
P.O   tissue  infections   Superinfections  involving  
hydrolysable  penicillins  from  inactivation.   discomfort,  flatulence,  
pseudomonas  or  candida.  
headache  
Pregnancy  and  lactation.  
Nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  
Adults  and   fever,  abdominal  pain,  
Hypersenstivity.    Pregnancy:  
children:  200   hyperglycaemia  leading  to  
Asparaginase   Use  only  if  potential  benefit  
IU/KG   coma,  hypersensitivity,  renal  
(Elspar,  Oncaspar,       justifies  risk  to  the  fetus  
intravenously   damge,  coagulation  defects,  
Erwinase)   Breast  Feeding:  Discontinue  
daily  for  28   thrombosis,  CNS  depression  
nursing  or  the  drug  
days   or  hyperexcitability,  acute  
hemorrhagic  pancreatitis  
Reduction  of  elevated  total  &  
Inhibitor  of  HMG-­CoA  reductase,  the  rate   Nausea  &  vomiting,  diarrhea  
LDL  cholesterol  
limiting  enzyme  in  cholesterol  synthesis,   abdominal  pain,  constipation,  
apolipoprotein  B  &  
Atorvastatin  Ca   result  in  compensatory  increase  in   Active  liver  disease,   dyspepsia,  flatulence,  
10  mg/tab   triglycerides  &  increase  HDL  
(Lipitor)     expression  of  LDL  receptors  on   pregnancy  and  lactation.   headache,  myalgia,  insomnia,  
cholesterol  in  patients  with  
hepatocyte  membranes  &  stimulation  of   muscle  cramps,  peripheral  
primary  
LDL  catabolism   edema  
hypercholesterolemia.  
Treatment  of  acute  diarrhea  
2billion/5ml  
with  duration  of  ≤14  days  due  
Adult  :  2~3  
Bacillus  clausal   to  infections,  drugs  or  poisons  
vials/day,   Antidiarrheal   N/A   N/A  
(Erceflora)   or  for  chronic  or  persistent  
children  :  
diarrhea  with  duration  of  ≥14  
1~2vials/day  
days  
 Binds  to  stereo  specific  benzodiazepine   Anxiety  &  tension  state,  
receptors  on  the  post  synaptic  GABA   depressive  mood,  nervous  
neuron  at  the  several  sites  within  the   tension,  agitation,  insomnia,  
Bromazepam     Early  pregnancy,  lactation,   Acute  anxiety,  hallucinations,  
1.5  mg/tab  TID   CNS.  Enhancement  of  the  inhibitory   functional  state  of  CV  &  
(Lexotan)     myasthenia  gravis   excitation.  
effect  of  GABA  on  neuronal  excitability   respiratory  system.  Adjuvant  
results  by  increased  neuronal  membrane   to  psychotherapy  in  
permeability  to  chloride  ions.   psychoneurosis  
Bone  &  joint  infection,   Shock,  hypersensitivity  
0.5~1gram   Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   reaction,  granulocytopenia,  
every  5~12   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   meningitis,  otitis  media,   Hypersensitivity  to   eosinophilia,  
Cefazolin  
hours   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   cephalosporin   thrombocytopenia,  GI  
Max  6g/day   those  of  the  penicillins   sinusitis,  skin  infection,   disturbance,  convulsion,  HA,  
surgical  infection,  UTI   dizziness,  malaise  
Active  against  g+  cocci  (pneumococci,  
Hypotension,  phlebitis,  
streptococci  and  staphylococci)  and  g-­  
thrombophlebitis,  
organisms.  Active  against  B  fragilis  and  
pseudomembranous  colitis,  
some  Serratia  species  but  less  active  
Patients  with  transient   nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
against  H  influenzae.  Exhibit  in  vitro  
persistent  reduction  of   acute  renal  failure,  transient  
Cefoxitin  sodium   1g  IV  every  8   activity  against  enterobacter  species,  but  
2nd  generation  cephalosporin   urinary  output  due  to  renal   neutropenia,  dyspnea,  
(Monowel)   hours   should  not  be  used  to  treat  infections  
insufficiency.  Precaution   maculopapular  and  
caused  by  these  organisms  because  
when  used  for  neonates   erythematous  rash,  urticaria,  
resistant  mutants  constitutively  express  a  
hypersensitivity  reactions,  
chromosomal  beta-­lactamase  that  
serum  sickness,  anaphylaxis,  
hydrolyzes  these  compounds  are  readily  
fever  
selected.  
Hypersensitivity  reaction,  
Lower  respiratory  tract.  Acute  
Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   urticaria,  eosinophilia,  serum  
bacterial  otitis  media,  skin  &  
1~2  g  once  a   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   Hypersensitivity  to   sickness-­like  fever,  
Ceftriaxone   skin  structure,  urinary  tract,  
daily   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   cephalosporin   anaphylaxis,  neutropenia,  
meningitis  &  surgical  
those  of  the  penicillins   thrombocytopenia,  ATN,  
prophylaxis  
acute  intestinal  nephritis  
GI  disturbances,  occasionally  
Bone  &  joint  infection,   pseudomembranous  colitis;;  
Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   hypersensitivity  reactions.  
500mg  every  
Cefuroxime   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   meningitis,  otitis  media,   other  nitroimidazole   Eosinophilia.  Headache.  
12  hours  
(Zinnat)   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   Superinfection  or  eythema  
IV,  oral  
those  of  the  penicillins   sinusitis,  skin  infection,   1st  trimester  of  pregnancy   multiforme,  Stevens-­Johnson  
surgical  infection,  UTI   syndrome,  toxic  epidermal  
necrolysis  
 Gram  negative  infection.   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Treatment  of  wide  range  of   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
infections  including  anthrax,   Headache,  dizziness,  
biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
500mg    /  tab   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
Cystic  fibrosis   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
Pregnancy  &  lactation,  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl     20mg/kg,  max   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of   scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus  
Prozine   750mg  BID   supercoiled  DNA  and  promotes   exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
infections  
Gonorrhea   breakage  of  double-­stranded  DNA   fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
500mg  OD   gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
Oral:  
0.1,0.2,0.3  mg  
Partial  alpha-­2  antagonist.  Decrease   Orthostatic  hypotension,  rash,  
tablets  
Clonidine     preganglionic  sympathetic  outflow  from   Decrease  dose  with  renal   drowsiness,  dry  mouth,  
Patche:    
(Catapres)   brain  resulting  in  decrease  in  blood   insufficiency   constipation,  headache,  
release  
pressure   impaired  ejaculation  
0.1,0.2,0.3  
mg/24  hrs  
Clavunate  blocks  the  beta  lactamae  
enzymes,  thus,  rendering  the  organisms  
sensitive  to  the  amoxicillin’s  rapid  
bactericidal  effect  at  concentrations   Side  effects  are  uncommon  
Co-­amoxiclav   625mg  /  cap  
readily  attainable  in  the  body.       and  mainly  of  a  mild  and  
(Augmentin)   BID  or  TID  
Clavunalate  by  itself  has  little  bactericidal   transitory  nature  
activity;;  however,  in  association  with  
amoxicillin,  it  produces  an  antibiotic  
agent  of  broad  spectrum  
Short  term  treatment  of  post-­ Occasionally,  GI  disorder,  
Known  hypersensitivity  to  
Diclofenac  K   50~150mg   traumatic  &  post  op  pain  &   HA,  dizziness,  vertigo,  rash,  
Nonsteroidal  Anti0inflammatory  Drugs   diclofenac  or  other  NSAIDs,  
(Cataflam)   /day   inflammation,  dysmenorrheal,   elevation  of  serum  
gastric  or  intestinal  ulcer  
migraine,  adnexitis   transaminase  
Peripheral  edema,  
hypotension  bradycardia,  
angina,  AV  block,  abnormal  
Calcium  antagonist  
ECG,  arrhythmias;;  CNS:  
Inhibits  movement  of  calcium  ions  across  
dizziness,  lightheadedness,  
cell  membrane  in  systemic  and  coronary   Sick  sinus  syndrome,  2nd  or  
headache,  weakness,  
Diltiazem  HCl   vascular  smooth  muscle;;  slows  calcium   Management  of  Angina   3rd  degree  AV  block,  
90  mg/  tab  OD   shakiness,  somnolence,  
Dilzem   ion  movement  across  cell  membranes  in   pectoris  &  hypertension   hypotension,  pregnancy  
asthenia;;  DERM:  dermatitis,  
both  cardiac  muscle  and  cardiac   acute  MI  
photosensitivity,  petechiae,  
pacemaker  cells,  decreasing  sinoatrial  
rash;;  GI:  nausea,  vomiting,  
and  atrioventricular  conduction  
constipation,  abdominal  
discomfort,  cramps,  
dyspepsia,  dry  mouth.    
 Allergic  reaction;;  motion  
H1  receptor  antagonist  /    Antihistamine   sickness  
Competes  with  histamine  for  H1-­receptor   Symptomatic  relief  of  
Diphenhydramine   50mg/mL  for   GIT  ulceration  or   GI  disturbances,  bleeding,  
sites  on  effector  cells  in  the   condition  like  urticaria,  
(Benadryl)   injection   inflammation   drowsiness,  dizziness  
gastrointestinal  tract,  blood  vessels,  and   angioedema,  rhinitis,  
respiratory  tract   conjunctivitis,  inpruritic  skin  
disorder  
Dyspeptic  symptom  complex  
associated  with  delayed  
gastric  emptying,  GERD,  
esophagitis  eg  epigastric  
Peripheral  dopamine  receptor  blocking  
sense  of  fullness,  early  
properties.  It  increase  esophageal   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical   Rarely,  increased  prolactin  
satiety,  feeling  of  abdominal  
peristalsis  and  increase  lower   obstruction  or  perforation;;  in   levels.  GI  disorders.    
distention,  upper  abdominal  
Domperidone   10mg,  1mg/ml   esophageal  sphincter  pressure,  increase   patients  w/  prolactin-­ Very  rarely,  transient  
pain;;  bloating,  erucation,  
(Motilium)   1tab  TID   gastric  motility  and  peristalsis  and   releasing  pituitary  tumor   intestinal  cramps.  
flatulence;;  heartburn  w/  or  
enhances  gastroduodenal  coordination,   (prolactinoma).  Known   Galactorrhea.  Gynecomastia.  
w/o  regurgitations  of  gastric  
therefore,  facilitating  gastric  emptying   intolerance  to  the  drug.   Amenorrhea.  
contents  in  the  mouth.  
and  decrease  small  bowel  transit  time  
Nausea  &  vomiting  of  
functional,  organic,  infectious  
or  dietetic  origin  or  induced  
by  radio  or  drug  therapy  
Doxorubicin  prevents  DNA  replication.  
The  exact  mechanism  is  still  being   Close  observation  is  
Doxorubicin   studied,  but  it  may  be  a  "topoisomerase   required  esp  during  initial   Cardiotoxicity.  GI  &  
IV  60-­75  
(Adriblastina,   inhibitor".  Topoisomerases  are  enzymes   treatment.  Monitor  cardiac   dermatologic  disturbances.  
mg/m2  as  
Adrim,  Axibin,   that  temporarily  cut  one  strand  of  DNA     function.  Myelosuppression   Myelosuppression  &  
single  dose  at  
Caelyx,  Dactorubin,   during  replication  to  help  unwind  the   &  immunosuppression.   leucopenia.  Dehydration  &  
21  day  interval    
Rubidox)   double  helix..  Doxorubicin  prevents  the   Hepatic  impairment,  obesity   facial  flushing  
topoisomerase  from  reattaching  the  cut   &  extravasation  
ends  
Use  with  caution  in  patients  
prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known  
to  have  a  lesion  of  the  
Derma:  local  eythema,  Hema:  
gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
hemorrhage,  
Causes  higher  anti-­factor  Xa  to   administer  to  patients  with  
thrombocytopenia,  anemia,  
Enoxaparin  sodium   antithrombin  activities  (anti-­factor  IIa)   hemophilia  and  is  not  
    Other:  local  irritation  and  
(Clexane)   ration  than  heparin,  which  may  prevent   recommended  to  infants  <1  
pain;;  hematoma;;  nausea,  
thrombosis   year.  Caution  is  necessary  
confusion,  fever,  edema,  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
peripheral  edema  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated  
Treatment  of  acute  diarrhea  
2billion/5ml  
with  duration  of  ≤14  days  due  
Adult  :  2~3  
Erceflora   to  infections,  drugs  or  poisons  
vials/day,   Antidiarrheal   N/A   N/A  
Bacillus  clausal   or  for  chronic  or  persistent  
children  :  
diarrhea  with  duration  of  ≥14  
1~2vials/day  
days  
 Advanced  renal  disease;;  
preexisting  edema,  
Asthenia/fatigue,  dizziness,  
hypertension  or  heart  failure;;  
lower  extremity  edema,  
Etoricoxib   liver  dysfunction;;  previous  
90  mg/tab  OD   For  relief  of  acute  or  chronic  pain     hypertension,  dyspepsia,  
(Arcoxia)   acute  asthmatic  attacks,  
heartburn,  nausea,  increased  
urticaria  or  rhinitis  
ALT  &  AST  
precipitated  by  salicylates  or  
nonselective  COX  inhibitors  
Relief  of  mild  to  moderately  
Abdominal  discomfort,  
sever  pain  &  fever  w/  or  w/o   Aspirin  or  other  NSAIDs  
epigastric  distress,  GI  
550mg  /  tab   Nonsteroidal  Anti-­inflammatory  Drugs  (   inflammation  eg   induced  asthma,  rhinitis  or  
Flanax  forte   reaction,  peptic  ulceration,  
BID   NSAIDs)   musculoskeletal  trauma,  post-­ urticaria.  Children  under  2  
HA,  nausea,  peripheral  
op  pain  &  post  dental   y/o  
edema  
extraction  
Initially  20-­40  
mg  IV/IM.  If   Symptomatic  hypotension,  
diuretic  effect   dehydration,  
is  not   hemoconcentration;;  
satisfactory,   Hypotension,  latent  or   hypokalemia,  hyponatremia,  
dose  may  be   manifest  diabetes  mellitus,   metabolic  acidosis;;  increase  
Furosemide   increased   gout,  obstruction  of  urinary   of  blood  lipid  levels,  urea,  uric  
(Fremid,  Fretic,   stepwise,  at  2-­ Frusemide  primarily  inhibits  sodium  and   passages;;  hepatic  cirrhosis   acid;;  reduced  glucose  
Frusema,   hrly  interval  by   chloride  absorption  in  the  thick     w/  concomitant  renal   tolerance;;  hearing  disorders,  
Furoscan,  Fusimex,   20  mg  each   ascending  limb  of  the  loop  of  Henle   insufficiency;;   tinnitus;;  pancreatitis,  GI  
Lasix)   time  until   hypoproteinaemia;;   symptoms;;  fever,  vasculitis,  
satisfactory   premature  infant.   interstitial  nephritis;;  hemolytic  
diuresis  is   Pregnancy,  lactation   or  aplastic  anemia,  
obtained,  the   leukocytopenia,  
dose  should   agranulocytosis,  
then  be  given   thrombocytopenia  
once-­bid  
Nephritic  (renal)  effects,  
Bone  &  joint  infection.  CNS.  
dizziness,  tinnitus,  vertigo,  
Burnn  &  wound  infection.  UTI.  
1~1.7mg/kg   Hypersensitivity  to   numbness,  skin  tingling,  
Gentamycin   Aminoglycoside   Acute  &  chronic  suppurative  
every  8  hours   amynoglycosides   muscle  twitching,  respiratory  
otitis  media,  pneumonia,  
depression,  lethargy,  
septicemia  *  sinusitis  
confusion.  
 Corticosteroids  may  mask  
some  signs  of  infection,  and  
new  infections  may  appear  
during  their  use.  There  may   Sodium  retention,  fluid  
be  decreased  resistance   retention,  congestive  heart  
Corticosteroids  enter  the  cell  and  bind  to  
and  inability  to  localize   failure  in  susceptible  patients,  
cytosolic  receptors  that  transport  the  
infection  when   potassium  loss,  hypokalemic  
steoid  into  the  nucleus.  The  steroid-­
corticosteroids  are  used.   alkalosis,  hypertension,  
receptor  complex  alters  gene  expression  
Prolonged  use  of   increased  calcium  excretion,  
by  binding  to  glucocorticoid  response  
corticosteroids  may  produce   steroid  myopathy.  Increase  in  
Hydrocortisone   elements  (GREs)  or  mineralocorticoid-­
100mg  IV   posterior  subcapsular   alanine  transaminase  (ALT,  
sodium  succinate   specific  elements.  Tissue-­specific    
every  8  hours   cataracts,  glaucoma  with   SGPT),  aspartate  
(Solu-­cortef)   responses  to  steroids  are  made  possible  
possible  damage  to  the  optic   transaminase  (AST,  SGOT)  
by  the  presence  in  each  tissue  of  
nerves,  and  may  enhance   and  alkaline  phosphatase,  
different  protein  regulators  that  control  
the  establishment  of   these  changes  are  usually  
the  interaction  between  the  hormone-­
secondary  ocular  infections   small,  not  associated  with  any  
receptor  complex  and  particular  
Corticosteroids  should  be   clinical  syndrome  and  are  
response  elements  
used  cautiously  in  patients   reversible  upon  
with  ocular  herpes  simplex   discontinuation  
for  fear  of  corneal  
perforation.  
 
Anemia,  neutropenia,  
leukopenia,  
Monitor  hematological  
thrombocytopenia;;  burning,  
Cuases  cell  death  by  specific  inhibition  of   parameters  during  
redness  or  pain  at  site  of  
Myeloproliferati DNA  synthesis.  This  action  cuases   treatment.  Chickenpox  or  
radiation  therapy;;  erythema,  
ve  disorders   regressions  in  chronic  myeloid  leukemia   herpes  infection,  active  
Hydroxyurea   maculopapular  rash,  sore  
20-­30  mg/kg   and  other  malignancies  and  psoriasis.   infection  or  dental  disease,  
(Hydab,  Krabinex,       mouth  or  lips,  skin  rash;;  fever  
daily.  Acute   The  S-­phase-­specifec  action  of   marked  renal  dysfunction,  
Litalir)   or  chills,  cough  or  sore  throat;;  
leukemia  50-­ hydroxyrea  can  deplete  bone  marrow   gout  or  nephrolithiasis,  
constipation  or  diarrhea;;  
75  mg/kg   precurso  cells  associated  with   patients  who  have  received  
stomatitis;;  difficulty  in  
megaloblastic  changes   radiation  or  cytotoxic  therapy  
micturition,  nausea,  vomiting,  
causing  myelosuppression  
low  back  pain,  fatigue,  
hyperuricemia  
Acute  GI,  biliary  &  
genitourinary  spasm,  
10mg/tab,  
including  biliary  &  renal  colic.  
Hyoscine-­N-­ 20mg/amp   Avoid  driving  and  operating   Xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
Reversible  .blockade  of  the  actions  of   Parenterally  also  as  an  aid  in  
butylbromide   1~2  tab  /  amp   machinery  after  parenteral   urinary  retention,  allergic  
cholinomimetics  at  muscarinic  receptors   diagnostic  &  therapeutic  
(Buscopan)   IV  several   administration   reactions,  skin  reactions  
procedures  eg  
times  
gastroduodenal  endoscopy,  
radiology  
 Patients  prone  to  dyspepsia  
or  known  to  have  a  lesion  of  
the  gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting  
administer  to  patients  with  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity  
Isosorbide-­5-­ hemophilia  and  is  not   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
325  mg/tab  or   and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;  
mononitrate     recommended  to  infants  <1   hypersensitivity  and  
80  mg/tab   reduces  fever  by  acting  on  the  brain’s  
(Imdur)   year.  Caution  is  necessary   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
vasodilation  and  sweating  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated.  
After  oral  administration,  side  
effects  are  rare;;  palpitations,  
chest  pains,  mild  flushing,  
dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting  
Isoxsuprine,  a  ß-­adrenoceptor  agonist,  is  
Recent  arterial  hemorrhage,   and  rash  have  been  reported.  
an  orally  and  perenterally  active  
heart  disease,  severe   Parenteral  administration  can  
peripheral  vasodilator.  It  has  a  strong  
anemia.  Parenterally,   result  in  tachycardia,  
Isoxsuprine  HCl   relaxing  action  on  arteries  and  to  a  
    hypotension,  tachycardia,   palpitations,  hypotension,  
(Isoxilan)   certain  extent,  also  on  cutaneous  blood  
premature  rupture  of   dizziness  and  flushing  which  
vessels.  In  addition  to  this,  it  had  a  direct  
membranes  or  immediately   can  be  controlled  by  dose  
relaxant  effect  on  the  smooth  muscle  
post  partum   reduction  and  by  supine  
tissue  of  the  uteru  
position  of  the  patient  and  
reversed  if  necessary  by  
parenteral  administration  of  
noradrenaline.  
100-­300  mg  IV   GI  disorders,  headache,  
Ketoprofen  
daily  for  a  max   Analgesic     Renal  impairment   drowsiness,  dizziness,  
(Orudis)  
of  48  hrs   edema,  bullous  dermatoses  
Special  Precautions:  in  
patients  with  impaired  renal  
GI  reactions,  nausea,  
function.  History  of  GIT  
Ketorolac   Analgesic,  can  also  replace  morphine  in   dyspepsia,  drowsiness,  
disease,  anaphylactoid  
trometamol   30  mg  IV  TID   situations  involving  mild  to  moderate  pot     headache,  sweating  edema,  
reactions,  elderly,  
(Toradol)   op  pain   bradycardia,  palpitation,  
coagulation  disorders.  Avoid  
hypotension,  chest  pain  
driving  and  operating  
machinery  
3.3g/5ml   Constipation  associated  with  
Starting   ped  problems,  post-­op;;  
Initial  dosing  may  produce  
Adult  :   pregnancy  &  postnatal  period;;  
Laxative;;  the  fecal  bulk  is  increased  and   Galactosemia,  bowel   flatulence  and  meteorism,  
15~45ml   bedridden  &  geriatric  patients;;  
Lactulose   softened  and  peristalsis  is  stimulated,  by   obstruction,  hypersensitivity   which  are  usually  transient  
Child  :5~15ml   surgical  procedures;;  painful  
(Duphalac)   which  normal  bowel  action  is  restored.   Special  concerns  in  lactose   and  disappear  under  
Maintenance   rectal  &  anal  conditions;;  
Lactulose  does  not  irritate  gut  mucosa   intolerance   continued  therapy  
Adult  :   laxative  dependence;;  barium  
Diarrhea  
10~25ml   x-­ray  investigation;;  drug-­
Child  :5~20ml   induced  constipation  
 Directly  acts  on  intestinal  muscles  to  
inhibit  peristalsis  and  prolongs  transit  
2mg/cap,     time  enhancing  fluid  &  electrolyte   Constipation,  acute   Constipation,  nausea,  
Anti-­diarrheal  
Loperamide   2cap  followed   movement  through  intestinal  mucosa;;   ulcerative,   vomiting,  tiredness,  
Symptomatic  control  of  acute  
(Diatabs,  Imodium)   by  1cap  after   reduces  fecal  volume,  increase  viscosity   pseudomembranous  colitis,   drowsiness  or  dizziness,  dry  
&  chronic  diarrhea,  ileostomy  
unformed  stool   &  diminishes  fluid  and  electrolyte  loss;;   acute  dysentery   mouth  
demonstrates  antisecretory  activity;;  
exhibits  peripheral  action  
Maalox   Chewtab  2~4  
Antacids,  antireflux  &  antiulcerants   Symptomatic  relief  of   Severe  debilitation,  kidney  
Al(OH)3  200mg,   Susp  2~4tsp   Rarely,  GI  disturbance  
agents   hyperacidity   failure  
Mg(OH)2  200mg   QID  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis  by  
Pain,  headache,  muscular  
decreasing  the  activity  of  the  enzyme,  
500  mg/cap   and  traumatic  pain,  dental   GIT  ulceration  or   GI  disturbances,  bleeding,  
Mefenamic  acid   cyclooxygenase,  which  results  in  
P.O   pain,  post-­op  &  post  partum   inflammation   drowsiness,  dizziness  
decrease  formation  of  the  protaglandin  
pain,  dysmenorrhea  
precursor  
Similar  smooth  muscle  actions  as  seen   Abnormal  presentation,  
Methylergometrine   with  ergotamine;;  however,  affects   Completion  of  3rd  stage   before  delivery  of  child  is  
125~250mg   Headache,  HTN,  skin  
hydrogen  maleate   primarily  uterine  smooth  muscle   labor.  Uterine   completed  &  in  multiple  birth  
orally  TID   eruptions,  abdominal  pain  
(Methergin)   producing  sustained  contractions  and   atony/hemorrhage   not  before  the  last  child  has  
thereby  shorten  the  third  stage  of  labor   bee  delivered.  
Documented  
hypersensitivity;;  pregnant  
patients  with  severe  
toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal  
Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions   positions,  and  a  contracting  
and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
Methylergonovine   vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  
    urinary  retention,  allergic  
(Syntocinon)   control  postpartum  bleeding  or   in  which  vaginal  delivery  
reactions,  skin  reactions  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   should  be  avoided,  such  as  
myometrial  tonus   invasive  cervical  carcinoma,  
cord  presentation  or  
prolapse,  active  herpes  
genitalis,  total  placenta  
previa,  and  vasa  previa  
Dermatological  &  
Preexisting  liver  damage  or  
hypersensitivity  reactions.  
Induction  3.3   impaired  hepatic  function.  
Bone  marrow  depression,  
mg/m2  w/   Malignant  disease  w/  
Inhibits  dihydrofolic  acid  reductase  and   leucopenia,  neutropenia,  
prednisolone   preexisting  bone  marrow  
Methotrexate   therefore  interferes  with  DNA  synthesis   thrombocytopenia,  decreased  
60  mg/m2   aplasia,  leucopenia,  
(Biomedis   and  cell  replication.  Actively  multiplying   serum  albumin,  anemia,  
daily.   thrombocytopenia  or  
Methotrexate  soln,   cells  such  as  malignant  cells,  bone   pancytopenia,  
Maintenance   anaemia.  Infection,  peptic  
Emthexate  vial,   marrow,  foetal  cells,  buccal  and  intestinal     hypogammaglobulinemia.  
therapy  30   ulcer,  ulcerative  colitis,  
Methobax  vial,   mucosa  and  cells  in  urinary  bladder  are   Mucositis,  anorexia,  nausea,  
mg/m2  IM   debility  &  extreme  youth  &  
Pfizer  Methotrexate   more  sensitive.  In  patients  with   vomiting,  diarrhea,  abdominal  
twice     old  age.  Monitor  renal  
vial)   rheumatoid  arthritis,  mehtotrexate   distress,  hematemesis,  
wkly  or  2.5   function  &  serum  levels  
reduces  joint  swelling  and  tenderness   melena,  Renal  failure,  
mg/kg  IV  every   when  giving  high  dose;;  give  
azotemia,  cystitis,  hematuria,  
14  days   Ca  folinate,  hydration  &  
urogenital  or  menstrual  
urine  alkalinisation  
dysfunction  
 Antiemetic,  prokinetic  agent  
Metoclopramide  stimulates  motility  of  the  
Disturbances  of  GI  motility  
upper  GIT  without  stimulating  gastric,  
including  GERD  &  diabetic  
biliary  or  pancreatic  secretions.  Its  mode  
10mg/tab,   gastroparesis.  Nausea  &   In  approximately  10%  
of  action  is  unclear.  It  seems  to  sensitize  
5mg/5ml  susp.   vomiting  of  central  &   restlessness,  drowsiness,  
tissues  to  the  action  of  acetylcholine.  The   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical  
Metoclopramide   10-­15mg  QID,   peripheral  origin  associated   fatigue  and  lassitude.  Less  
effect  of  metoclopramide  on  motility  is   obstruction  or  perforation,  
HCl   30  minutes   with  surgery,  metabolic   frequently,  insomnia,  
not  dependent  on  intact  vagal   pheochromocytoma,  
(Reglan,  Plasil)   before  food   disease,  infectious  disease,   headache,  dizziness,  nausea  
innervation,  but  it  can  be  abolished  by   epileptics  
intak  IV,  Tab,   migraine  headache  or  drugs   or  bowel  disturbances  may  
anticholinesterase.  Blocks  dopamine  and  
Syrup   including  cancer   occur  
serotonin  in  the  CTZ  of  the  CNS,  which  
chemotherapy.  Facilitate  
is  responsible  for  its  antiemetic  action.  
small  bowel  intubation  &  
Also  increases  LES  tone  
radiological  procedure  of  GIT  
CV:  hypotension,  edema,  
flushing;;  bradycardia;;  CNS:  
headache,  fatigue,  dizziness,  
Lactation:  excreted  in  breast  
depression,  lethargy,  
milk;;  Children:  safety  and  
drowsiness,  forgetfulness;;  
The  ß-­blocking  activity  primarily  affects   efficacy  not  established;;  
sleepiness;;  vertigo,  
the  cardiovascular  system  (decreases   Anaphylaxis:  Deaths  have  
Metoprolol   paresthesia;;  DERM:  rash,  
  heart  rate,  decreases  contractility,     occurred;;  aggressive  
(Neobloc)   facial  erythema;;  alopecia,  
decreases  BP)  and  lungs  (promotes   therapy  may  be  required;;  AV  
urticaria,  pruritus;;  EENT:  dry  
bronchospasm)   block,  slows  AV  conduction  
eyes,  visual  disturbances;;  GI:  
and  may  cause  heart  block;;  
Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea;;  
Bradycardia  
GU:  impotence,  urinary  
retention,  difficulty  with  
urination  
A  direct  acting  trichomonacide  and  
amebecide  that  works  at  both  intestinal  
and  extraintestinal  sites.  Thought  to   Hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   vertigo,  headache,  ataxia,  
500mg  every  8   Amoebiasis,  giardiasis,  
enter  the  cells  of  microorganisms  that   other  nitroimidazole   dizziness,syncope,  confusion,  
Metronidazole   hours     urethritis  &  vaginitis  due  to  
contain  nitroreductase.  Unstable   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   irritability,weakness,  
IV,  Oral   trichomonas,  aerobic  infection  
compounds  are  then  formed  that  bind  to   1st  trimester  of  pregnancy   depression  
DNA  and  inhibit  synthesis,  causing  cell  
death  
½  tablet  
initially  then  ½   Sedation,  hypnosis,  
Midazolam   Acute  narrow  angle  
tablet  every  2       anesthesia,  anticonvulsant,  
(Dormicum)   glaucoma,  premature  infants  
hours  prior  to   muscle  relaxant  
operation  
Inhibits  DNA  gyrase  and  Topoisomerase  
Caution  for  use  with  other  
IV.  This  results  in  inhibition  of  DNA  
Moxifloxacin   400mg  /  tab   QTc  prolonging  drugs  and   Dizziness  (3%)  Nausea  (7%)  
replication  and  translation,  DNA  repair,   Antibiotic  /  Quinolone  
(Avelox)   once  a  day   corticosteroids.  May   Diarrhea  (6%)  
recombination  and  transposition,  which  
aggravate  myasthenia  gravis  
causes  bacterial  cell  death  
 Ethambutol  may  produce  
decrease  in  visual  acuity  
which  appear  to  be  due  to  
optic  neuritis  and  to  be  
related  to  dose  and  duration  
of  treatment.  The  effects  are  
generally  reversible  when  
administration  of  the  drug  is  
discontinued  promptly.  
Isoniazid:  peripheral  
neuropathy  is  the  most  
common  toxic  effect.  It  is  
dose-­related,  occurs  most  
often  in  the  malnourished  and  
in  those  predisposed  to  
neuritis,  and  is  usually  
preceded  by  paresthesias  of  
the  feet  and  hand.  Pyridoxine  
has  been  used  successfully  
for  prophylaxis  and  treatment  
of  isoniazid  induced  
Myrin     Oral  chemotherapeutic  agent  which  is   peripheral  neuritis.  Severe  
(Ethambutol  HCl,   300/150/75  mg   specially  effective  against  actively   and  sometimes  fatal  hepatitis  
   
Rifampicin,   tab  once  a  day   growing  microorganisms  of  the  genus   associated  with  isoniazid  
Isoniazid)   Mycobacterium   therapy  may  occur  and  may  
develop  even  after  many  
months  of  treatment.  The  risk  
of  developing  hepatitis  is  age-­
related  and  is  increased  with  
daily  consumption  of  alcohol.  
Urinary  disturbance  in  the  
male,  constipation  and  
dryness  of  the  mouth  have  
been  reported.  
Rifampicin:  GI  disturbances,  
headache,  drowsiness,  
fatigue,  menstrual  
disturbances,  ataxia,  
dizziness,  fatigue,  metal  
disturbances.  Chronic  liver  
disease,  alcoholism  and  old  
age  appear  to  increase  the  
incidence  of  severe  hepatic  
problems  when  rifampicin  is  
given  alone  or  concurrently  
with  isoniazid  
Binds  to  opiate  receptors  in  the  CNS.  
Impaired  renal  or  hepatic   Sedation,  infrequently  
Alters  the  perception  of  and  response  to  
Nalbuphine   5  mg  IM  0.15-­ function,  biliary  tract  surgery,   sweating,  GI  upsets,  vertigo,  
painful  stimuli,  while  producing   Opioid  Analgesic  
(Nubain)   0.2  mg/kg  BW   impaired  respiration,  MI,   dizziness,  dry  mouth,  
generalized  CNS  depression.  Decrease  
labour  and  delivery   headache,  allergic  reactions  
in  moderate  and  severe  pain  
 Peripheral  edema;;  dizziness,  
nausea,  transient  
Oral:  20,30  mg   Potent  peripheral  vasodilator.  Little  
Nicardipine   hypotension,  MI,  reflex  
Parenteral:  2.5   depression  of  nodes.  Causes  reflex     Severe  aortic  stenosis  
(Cardepine)   tachycardia,  pulmonary  
mg/mL   increase  in  heart  rate  and  output  
edema,  fewer  myocardial  
infarctions,  more  palpitations  
Hypersensityvity  to  any  
component  of  nifedipine  
tablet  or  capsule.  
10mg  TID  or   Do  not  use  short  acting  
Inhibits  calcium  ion  from  passing  through  
30mg  OD   nifedipine  in  cases  of  
Nifedipine   slow  channels  on  voltage  sensitive  areas   Flushing,  Edema,  Headache,  
(Extended   emergency,  serious  side  
(Adalat,  Calibloc,   of  both  smooth  muscle  and  myocardium,   dizziness,  Weakness,  
release     effects  such  as0020CVD,  
Calchek,  Nelapine,   causing  coronary  vasodilation,  stabilizes   transient  hypotension  
tablets)  max   syncope,  heart  block,  stroke,  
Nifelan)   cell  membranes.  Increases  myocardial    
120-­ AMI,  etc.),  Avoid  with  
oxygen  sypply  
180mg/day   concurrent  intake  of  
grapefruit  juice.  Do  not  
withdraw  abruptly  in  
Hypertensive  patients  
Effective  in  vitro  against  the  
most  virulent  pathogens  
including:    
Normalizes  the  micro  flora  (lactic  acid   MRSA  -­  the  Methicillin-­
bacteria)  in  the  intestinal  tract,   resistant  Staphylococcus  
Reestablishes  the  colon's  optimum  pH   aureus  superbug,    
OMX  Probiotics  
level  and  Probiotics  12  plus,  Suppresses   E  coli-­157  (cause  of  food  
Probiotics  12+   2~10  cap  per  
the  growth  of  bad  bacteria,  stimulates  the   poisoning),        
Professional   day  
immune  system,  fortifies  the  body's   Bacillus  cereus  (cause  of  
Formula  
ability  to  absorb  nutrients,  provides   intestinal  anthrax),    
complex  B  vitamins,  antioxidants,   H.  pylori  (the  cause  of  peptic  
minerals  &  amino  acids.   ulcers),  and    
L  clostridium,  that  results  in  
morning  sickness,  migraine  
and  cluster  headaches.    
 Soln  After  
morning  &  
evening  meals,  
gargle  or  rinse  
mouth  for  30-­
60  sec  w/  1  
tbsp  of  
undiluted  soln  
(do  not  
swallow).  If  
continued  
Orofar   Isolated  cases  of  skin  rash;;  
treatment  is  
(Benzoxonium  Cl   Pregnancy  &  lactation.  Not   occasional  &  transient  cases  
indicated,  the      
0.5  mg,  lidocaine   for  childn  <4  yr   of  mild  local  irritation  
soln  may  be  
HCl  0.5  mg)    
used  more  
often  or  may  
be  replaced  by  
loz  during  the  
day.  Childn  >4  
yr  Dose  should  
be  reduced.  
Max:  6  loz/day.  
Use  only  1  tsp  
of  soln  to  rinse  
or  gargle  
Documented  
hypersensitivity;;  pregnant  
patients  with  severe  
toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal  
Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions   positions,  and  a  contracting  
and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
Xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
Oxytocin   vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  
    urinary  retention,  allergic  
(Syntocinon)   control  postpartum  bleeding  or   in  which  vaginal  delivery  
reactions,  skin  reactions  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   should  be  avoided,  such  as  
myometrial  tonus   invasive  cervical  carcinoma,  
cord  presentation  or  
prolapse,  active  herpes  
genitalis,  total  placenta  
previa,  and  vasa  previa  
Pancreatin  corrects  the  fermentative  and  
putrefactive  process  that  are  the  main  
Hypersensitivity  reactions  
Pankreatoflat   causes  of  pathological  formation  of  gas.  
170/80  mg  tab   have  been  reported;;  these  
(Pancreatin,   Activated  dimethylpolysiloxane      
OD   may  be  sneezing,  lacrimation  
dimethicone)   eliminates  foam,  facilitating  the  
or  skin  rashes  
absorption  of  pathological  accumulation  
of  gas  in  the  intestine  
 Adjunct  to  diet  and  exercise  
Hypersensitivity,  renal  
to  improve  glycemic  control  in   Nausea.  Vidagliptin:  tremor,  
disease  or  dysfunction,  
patients  with  type  2  DM   dizziness,  headache,  chills,  
CHF,  acute  or  chronic  
whose  diabetes  is  not   GERD,  decrease  blood  
Vidagliptin  +   metabolic  acidosis,  diabetic  
adequately  controlled  on   glucose,  asthenia,  
Metformin(Galvusm 50/500  mg  /tab   Antidiabetic   ketoacidosis  with  or  without  
Metformin  HCL  or  Vidagliptin   hypoglycemia.  Metformin:  
et)     coma,  intravascular  
alone  or  who  are  already   vomiting,  diarrhea,  abdominal  
administration  of  iodinated  
treated  with  the  combination   pain,  loss  appetite,  metallic  
contrast  materials,  Type  DM,  
of  Vidagliptin  and  metformin   taste  
lactation  
HCL  as  separate  tab  
Chest  pain  (I.V.  <  or  =6%),  
Pain,  migraine,  anxiety,  
dizziness,  headache  (I.V.  
>1%)  Rash  (I.V.  6%),  pruritus  
(I.V.  4%)  Hyperglycemia  
(1%),  hyperlipidemia,  
Diarrhea  (4%),  constipation,  
dyspepsia,  gastroenteritis,  
nausea,  rectal  disorder,  
Safety  and  efficacy  not  
Inhibits  H+/K+  ATPase  pump  in  parietal   vomiting,  abdominal  pain  (I.V.  
Pantoprazole   established  beyond  16  
20-­40mg  1x  a   cells,  inhibiting  acid  secretion.  Also   12%),  Urinary  frequency,  
(Ulcepraz,   Proton  Pump  Inhibitor   weeks.  Prolonged  treatment  
day   reduces  in-­vitro  counts  of  H.  pylori  by   urinary  tract  infection,  Liver  
Pantoloc)   may  lead  to  Vit  B12  
more  than  4x  at  pH  of  4   function  test  abnormality,  
malabsorption  
increased  SGPT  Injection  site  
pain  (>1%)  Weakness,  back  
pain,  neck  pain,  arthralgia,  
hypertonia,  Bronchitis,  
increased  cough,  dyspnea,  
pharyngitis,  rhinitis,  sinusitis,  
upper  respiratory  tract  
infection,  Flu  syndrome,  
infection  
Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in  
500mg/tab,  
the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
Paracetamol   250mg/5ml     Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
(Biogesic)   250~500mg   pains   disturbances  
from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ or  severe  renal  disease  
every  3~6hrs  
regulating  center  
Respiratory  depression,  
Head  injury,  increased   circulatory  depression,  resp.  
Exert  its  analegic  effects  by  the  same   intracranial  pressure,  acurte   arrest,  shock,  cardiac  arrest,  
Pethidine  HCl   For  moderate  to  severe  pain,  
25  mg  IV   mechanism  as  morphine,  by  acting  as  an   asthma,  atrial  flutter,   GI  disturbance.  Dizziness,  
(Demerol)   pre  op  medication,  analgesia  
agonist  at  the  u-­opioid  receptor.   convulsive  disorders,  acute   sedation,  headache,  
abdominal  conditions   dysphoria,  tremor,  agitation,  
hallucination,  disorientation  
 Treatment  of  patients  with   Patients  with  altered  
Inhibitor  of  crystallization;;  used  in   renal  lithisis  &  hypocitraturia,   potassium  excretion  
treatment  of  patients  with  renal  lithiasis   chornic  formers  of  Ca   mechanism,   Slight  gastrointestinal  
and  hypocitraturia,  chronic  formers  of   oxalate,  phosphate  calculi.   hyperpotassemia  may   disorders  may  appear  which  
Potassium  citrate   1080  mg  /  
calcium  oxalate,  phosphate  calculi;;  uric   Uric  acid  lithiasis  alone  alone   appear.  In  patients  with   can  be  palliated  by  means  of  
(Acalka)   Tablet  TID  
acid  lithiasis  alone  or  accompanied  by   or  accompanied  by  Ca   renal  insufficiency,  an   concomitant  administration  
calcium  lithiasis,  and  renal  tubular   lithiasis.  Renal  tubular   increased  risk  of   with  food.  
acidosis  with  calcium  nephrolithiasis.   acidosis  with  Ca   appearance  of  
nephrolithiasis.   hyperpotassemia  
Gram  negative  infection.   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Treatment  of  wide  range  of   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
infections  including  anthrax,   Headache,  dizziness,  
biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
500mg    /  tab   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
Cystic  fibrosis   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
Pregnancy  &  lactation,  
Prozine   20mg/kg,  max   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of   scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl   750mg  BID   supercoiled  DNA  and  promotes   exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
infections  
Gonorrhea   breakage  of  double-­stranded  DNA   fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
500mg  OD   gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
Inhibits  action  of  histamine  at  the  H2   Renal  impairment,  hepatic  
Ranitidine   Histamine  H2  Antagonist,   Headache,  dizziness,  nausea  
50mg  SIV  TID   receptor  site  located  primarily  in  the   impairment,  pregnancy,  
(Ulcin  /  Zantac)   Antiulcer   and  vomiting  
gastric  parietal  cells   lactation,  or  children  
Contraindicated  in  patients  
hypersensitive  to  drug  or  its  
components  and  in  those  
Headache,  asthenia,  fatigue,  
who  have  experienced  
dizziness,  hypertension,  leg  
asthma,  urticaria,  allergic  
edema,  sinusitis,  diarrhea,  
reactions  after  taking  aspirin  
Produces  anti-­inflammatory,  analgesic   dyspepsia,  epigastric  
Rofecoxib   or  other  NSAIDs.  Also  
50mg  tab  BID   and  antipyretic  effects,  possibly  by     discomfort,  heartburn,  
(Vioxx)   contraindicated  in  patients  
inhibiting  prostaglandin  synthesi   nausea,  abdominal  pain,  UTI,  
with  advanced  renal  disease  
back  pain,  bronchitis,  URTI,  
or  moderate  or  severe  
flu  syndrome      
hepatic  insufficiency  and  in  
 
pregnant  women  because  it  
may  cause  ductus  arteriosus  
to  close  prematurely  
Special  precaution  :  
Palpation,  tachycardia,  
Prevention  &  relief  from   coronary  insufficiency,  
2mg/tab,   increased  BP,  headache,  
  bronchospasm  associated   cardiac  arrhythmias,  
2mg/5ml  susp.   nervousness,  dizziness,  
(Salbutamol     with  reversible  obstructive   hypertension,  convulsive  
1tab  TID,  2.5  ~   heartburn,  epistaxis,  cough,  
Asmalin)   airway  disease  eg  bronchial   disorder,  hyperthyroidism,  
5ml  TID   GI  discomfort,  throat  irritation  
asthma   diabetes  mellitus;;  
&  tremor  
pregnancy,  lactation.  
 Thyrotoxicosis,  inhaled  
Inhalant:  40   Threatened  abortion  during   salbutamol  prep  are  not  
micrograms/pu Beta  adrenergic  receptor  agonist  -­   Treatment  &  prevention  of   1st  or  2nf  trimesters  of   appropriate  for  managing  
Salbutamol   ff  aerosol   causes  bronchodilation   bronchial  asthma,  bronchitis,   pregnancy.  Toxaemia  of   premature  labour.  Pregnancy,  
(Ventolin)   Oral:  2,4  mg   Inhalational:  Onset  <  15  m,  dur  3-­4  h   emphysema  with  associated   pregnancy,  antepartum   lactation.  Acute  severe  
tablets;;  2   PO:  onset  <30m,  dur  4-­8  hours   reversible  airway  obstruction.   haemorrhage,  placenta   asthma.  Monitor  fluid  
mg/mL  syrup   praevia.   balance,  cardiorespiratory  
function  &  ECG  
Statins  inhibit  the  enzyme  HMG-­CoA   The  most  common  side  effect  
reductase  which  is  the  rate  limiting  step   of  statins  is  in  the  
in  the  synthesis  of  cholesterol.  Intake  of   gastrointestinal  system,  with  
Simvastatin   10~80mg  tab  
statins  results  in  lowering  of  LDL  and       reports  of  constipation  and  
(Vidastat,  Zocor)   OD  
elevation  of  HDL.  Statins  have  been   nausea.  May  also  affect  the  
demonstrated  to  be  cardioprotective  and   liver,  causing  drug  induced  
reduces  risk  of  cardiovascular  events   hepatitis  
Overgrowth  of  non-­
GI  disturbances,  phlebitis,  
Sulbactam-­ susceptible  organism.  Check  
375  mg/tab   skin  rashes,  itching,  blood  
Ampicillin   Inhibition  of  cell  wall  synthesis     periodically  for  organ  system  
BID   disorders,  anaphylaxis,  
(Unasyn)   dysfunction  during  
superinfection  
prolonged  therapy  
Hypersensitivity  to  tramadol  
or  any  component  of  the  
tablets  or  Ampoule  solution.  
Binds  to  Mu  Opiate  receptors  in  the  brain  
50-­100mg   Patients  intoxicated  with   Most  common  side  effects  
Tramadol   and  spinal  cord,  which  alters  sensation  
every  4-­6   alcohol  or  other  sedating   are  CNS  related:  Headaches,  
(Dolotral,  Silverol,   and  response  to  pain.  Also  inhibits  
hours,  not  to     drugs   dizziness,  somnolence,  
TDL,  Tradonal,   reuptake  of  serotonin  and  
exceed   Use  with  extreme  precaution   vertigo.  May  cause  
Trama)   norepinephrine,  which  also  results  in  
400mg/day   among  patients  taking  other   vasodilaton  and  hypotonia  
alteration  in  pain  signal  transmission  
CNS  drugs  particularly  
sedatives  or  CNS  
depressants  
Acquired  defective  color  
vision,  active  intravascular  
250-­ clotting,  subarachnoid   Gastrointestinal  >10%  
Competitively  inhibits  activation  of   Menorrhagea,  Metrorrhagea,  
500mg/cap  1-­2   hemorrhage,  Concurrent   (nausea,  diarrhea,  vomiting),  
plasminogen  to  plasmin,  which  inhibits   valvular  heart  surgery,  GI  
Tranexamic  Acid   cap  TID/QID   factor  IX  complex  or  anti-­ Cardiovascular  and  Ocular  
fibrinolysis.  Also  inhibits  plasmin   hemorrhage,  Hereditary  
250-­500mg  IV   inhibitor  coagulant   1%  to  10%  (Hypotension,  
proteolytic  activity     angioneurotic  edema  
slow  push   concentrates,  patients  with   thrombosis,  blurred  vision)  
cardiovascular,  renal,  CVD,  
and  thromboembolic  disease  
Patients  with  known  
hypersensitivity  to  
Valdecoxib.  Patients  who  
Dry  mouth,  hypertension,  
have  demonstrated  allergic-­
peripheral  edema,  ,  
type  reactions  to  
Valdecoxib   20mg  /  tab   Inhibition  of  cyclooxygenase-­2  (COX-­2)   abdominal  fullness,  
  sulfonamides.  Patient  who  
(Bextra)   once  daily   pathway   abdominal  pain,  diarrhea,  
have  experienced  asthma,  
dyspepsia,  nausea,  anemia,  
urticaria,  allergic  type  
sinusitis,  rash  
reactions  after  taking  
NSAIDS  including  other  
COX-­2  inhibitors    
 Valproic  acid  and  its  derivative,  
divalproex,  are  oral  drugs  that  are  used  
for  the  treatment  of  convulsions,  
migraines  and  bipolar  disorder.  The   The  most  common  side  
active  ingredient  in  both  products  is   effects  with  valproic  acid  
Should  not  take  this  drug  if  
valproic  acid  or  valproate.  Scientists  do   therapy  are  drowsiness,  
you  have  liver  disease  or  
Valproic  acid   250mg,  15ml   not  know  the  mechanism  of  action  of   dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting,  
  your  liver  is  not  functioning  
(Depakene)   NGT  30ml/day   valproate.  The  most  popular  theory  is   indigestion,  diarrhea,  weight  
properly,  or  if  you  have  had  
that  valproate  exerts  its  effects  by   loss  and  tremors.  
an  allergic  reaction  to  it.  
increasing  the  concentration  of  gamma-­ Liver  injury,  pancreatitis  and  
aminobutyric  acid  (GABA)  in  the  brain.   abnormal  bleeding  
Gamma-­aminobutyric  acid  is  a  
neurotransmitter,  a  chemical  that  nerves  
use  to  communicate  with  one  anothe  
vincristine  and  other  vinca  alkaloids  exert   Neurotoxicity.  CNS  effects  eg  
their  cytotoxic  effects  by  binding  to   depression,  agitation,  
tubulin,  the  protein  subunit  of  the   insomnia,  hallucinations  &  
microtubles  that  form  the  mitotic  spindle.   episodes  of  altered  
Biliary  obstruction,  
Adult  0.4-­1.4   The  formation  of  vincristine-­tublin   consciousness.  Rare  
Vincristine   preexisting  neuropathies,  
mg/m2  BSA.   complexes  prevent  the  polymerization  of   hypersensitivity.  Leucopenia,  
(Alcavixin,   liver  dysfunction  or  jaundice  
Childn  1.5-­2   the  tubulin  subunits  into  microtublues   anemia,  thrombocytopenia.  
Biomedis   &  elderly.  Extravasation,  
mg/m2  BSA,   and  induces  depolymerization  of     GI  effects.  Hyperuricemia,  
Vincristine,   nephrotoxicity,  hepatic  
<10  kg  or  BSA   microtubules  resulting  in  inhibition  of   uric  acid  nephropathy,  
Nevexitin,  Pfizer   impairment.  Pregnancy,  
<1  m2  0.05   microtubule  assembly  and  cellular   polyuria,  dysuria  &  urinary  
Vincristine)   lactation.  Fatal  if  given  
mg/kg  wkly   metaphase  arrest.  In  high   retention  due  to  bladder  
intrathecally  
concentrations,  the  drug  also  exerts   atony.  Alopecia.  Increased  
complex  effects  on  nucleic  acid  and   urinary  Na  excretion.  
protein  synthesis.  Vincristine  exerts   Hypertension,  hypotension.  
some  immunosuppressive  activity   Fever,  headache  
Special  precaution  in  
Vitamin  A   pregnancy.  Excessive  doses  
25,000iu   Supplementation   Treatment  of  vit  A  deficiency    
Retinol  palmitate   may  lead  to  
hypervitaminosis  
Maintains  healthy  skin  &  
eyes.  Protects  against  
Vitamin  E  
artherosclerosis  &  CV  
DI-­a-­tocopheryl  
300iu,  400iu   Supplementation   disorders.  Improves  nerve      
acetate  
functions  &  prevents  onset  of  
(Mira  E  )  
neuromuscular  degenerative  
diseases  
           
GI  disturbances,  occasionally  
Bone  &  joint  infection,   pseudomembranous  colitis;;  
Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   hypersensitivity  reactions.  
500mg  every  
Cefuroxime   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   meningitis,  otitis  media,   other  nitroimidazole   Eosinophilia.  Headache.  
12  hours  
(Zinnat)   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   Superinfection  or  eythema  
IV,  oral  
those  of  the  penicillins   sinusitis,  skin  infection,   1st  trimester  of  pregnancy   multiforme,  Stevens-­Johnson  
surgical  infection,  UTI   syndrome,  toxic  epidermal  
necrolysis  
 Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in  
500mg/tab,  
the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
Paracetamol   250mg/5ml     Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
(Biogesic)   250~500mg   pains   disturbances  
from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ or  severe  renal  disease  
every  3~6hrs  
regulating  center  
Reversibly  binds  to  50s  ribosomal  
Treatment  of  serious  
subunits  preventing  peptide  bond   GI  disease,  history  of  colitis,.  
anaerobic  infections  due  to  
formation  thus  inhibiting  bacterial  protein   Hypersensitivity  to   Atopic  patients.  Hepatic  or  
Clindamycin   600  mg  IV   Bacteroides  fragilis,  and  
synthesis;;  bacteriostatic  or  bactericidal   lincomycins   renal  impairment.  Prolonged  
some  staphylococcal  
depending  on  drug  concentration,   therapy  and  in  infants.  
infections.  
infection  site  and  organism  
Anaphylactic  reactions,  renal  
toxicity.  Hallucination,  
ageusia,  anosmia,  aseptic  
meningitis,  vasculitis,  GI  
Asthma,  urticaria,  allergic-­
hemorrhage.  Hepatitis,  liver  
type  reaction  to  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis    by   failure,  interstitial  nephritis,  
sulfonamides,  aspirin  or  
decreasing  the  activity  of  the  enzyme,   photosensitivity  reaction,  
Osteoarthritis  and   other  NSAIDs.  Treatment  of  
Celecoxib   200  mg  tab  OD   cyclooxygenase-­2  which  results  in   exfoliative  dermamtitis,  
Rheumatoid  arthritis   peri-­operative  pain  in  the  
decreased  formation  of  prostaglandin   erythema  multiforme,  
setting  of  coronary  artery  
precursors   Stevens-­Johnson  syndrome,  
bypass  graft  surgery.  Severe  
toxic  epidermal  necrolysis  &  
hepative  impairment.  
menstrual  disorder.  Cerebral  
hemorrhage,  fulminant  
hepatitis,  liver  necrosis,  
hyponatremia,  conjunctivitis  
Paracetamol  
Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in  
 
the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
  250mg/5ml     Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
  every  4  hours   pains   disturbances  
from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ or  severe  renal  disease  
 
regulating  center  
 
Binds  on  the  stereo-­specific  
Diazepam   benzodiazepine  receptors  on  the  post  
2.4  mg  for  
  synaptic  GABA  neuron  at  the  several   Active  seizures,  convulsions   Pregnancy  and  lactation   CNS  depressant  
active  seizure  
  sites  within  the  CNS  including  limbic  
system  
Gram  negative  infection.   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Treatment  of  wide  range  of   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
infections  including  anthrax,   Headache,  dizziness,  
biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
500mg    /  tab   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
Cystic  fibrosis   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
Pregnancy  &  lactation,  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl     20mg/kg,  max   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of   scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus  
  750mg  BID   supercoiled  DNA  and  promotes   exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
infections  
Gonorrhea   breakage  of  double-­stranded  DNA   fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
500mg  OD   gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
 Patients  prone  to  dyspepsia  
or  known  to  have  a  lesion  of  
the  gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting  
administer  to  patients  with  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity  
Racecadotril   hemophilia  and  is  not   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
325  mg/tab  or   and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;  
(Hydrasec)     recommended  to  infants  <1   hypersensitivity  and  
80  mg/tab   reduces  fever  by  acting  on  the  brain’s  
  year.  Caution  is  necessary   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
vasodilation  and  sweating  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated.  
Chest  pain  (I.V.  <  or  =6%),  
Pain,  migraine,  anxiety,  
dizziness,  headache  (I.V.  
>1%)  Rash  (I.V.  6%),  pruritus  
(I.V.  4%)  Hyperglycemia  
(1%),  hyperlipidemia,  
Diarrhea  (4%),  constipation,  
dyspepsia,  gastroenteritis,  
nausea,  rectal  disorder,  
Safety  and  efficacy  not  
Esomeprazole   Inhibits  H+/K+  ATPase  pump  in  parietal   vomiting,  abdominal  pain  (I.V.  
established  beyond  16  
  20-­40mg  1x  a   cells,  inhibiting  acid  secretion.  Also   12%),  Urinary  frequency,  
Proton  Pump  Inhibitor   weeks.  Prolonged  treatment  
  day   reduces  in-­vitro  counts  of  H.  pylori  by   urinary  tract  infection,  Liver  
may  lead  to  Vit  B12  
  more  than  4x  at  pH  of  4   function  test  abnormality,  
malabsorption  
increased  SGPT  Injection  site  
pain  (>1%)  Weakness,  back  
pain,  neck  pain,  arthralgia,  
hypertonia,  Bronchitis,  
increased  cough,  dyspnea,  
pharyngitis,  rhinitis,  sinusitis,  
upper  respiratory  tract  
infection,  Flu  syndrome,  
infection  
Oral:  
0.1,0.2,0.3  mg  
Partial  alpha-­2  antagonist.  Decrease   Orthostatic  hypotension,  rash,  
tablets  
preganglionic  sympathetic  outflow  from   Decrease  dose  with  renal   drowsiness,  dry  mouth,  
Imidapril   Patche:    
brain  resulting  in  decrease  in  blood   insufficiency   constipation,  headache,  
release  
pressure   impaired  ejaculation  
0.1,0.2,0.3  
mg/24  hrs  
Injectable  
solution   Calcium  supplementation,  
100mg/ml   Hypocalcemia   Hypersensitivity,  IM/SC  
Bone  mineral  component;;  cofactor  in   Bradycardia,  hypotension,  
(10%)   Off  label:  cardiac  arrest,   administration,  ventricular  
enzymatic  reactions,  essential  for   headache,  constipation,  
Calcium  gluconate   Tablet:  50mg,   hydrofluortic  acid  burn,   fibrillation  during  CPR,  
neurotransmission,  muscle  contraction   diarrhea,  flatulence,  nausea,  
500mg,  650   calcium  channel  blocker   hypercalcemia,  digoxin  
and  many  signal  transduction  pathways.     vomiting  
mg   overdose,  hyperkalemia,   poisonings,  sarcoidosis  
Capsule:   hypermagnesemia  
500mg  
 Peripheral  edema,  
hypotension  bradycardia,  
angina,  AV  block,  abnormal  
Calcium  antagonist  
ECG,  arrhythmias;;  CNS:  
Inhibits  movement  of  calcium  ions  across  
dizziness,  lightheadedness,  
cell  membrane  in  systemic  and  coronary   Sick  sinus  syndrome,  2nd  or  
headache,  weakness,  
vascular  smooth  muscle;;  slows  calcium   Management  of  Angina   3rd  degree  AV  block,  
Clopidogrel   90  mg/  tab  OD   shakiness,  somnolence,  
ion  movement  across  cell  membranes  in   pectoris  &  hypertension   hypotension,  pregnancy  
asthenia;;  DERM:  dermatitis,  
both  cardiac  muscle  and  cardiac   acute  MI  
photosensitivity,  petechiae,  
pacemaker  cells,  decreasing  sinoatrial  
rash;;  GI:  nausea,  vomiting,  
and  atrioventricular  conduction  
constipation,  abdominal  
discomfort,  cramps,  
dyspepsia,  dry  mouth.    
GI  disturbances,  occasionally  
Bone  &  joint  infection,   pseudomembranous  colitis;;  
Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   hypersensitivity  reactions.  
500mg  every  
membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   meningitis,  otitis  media,   other  nitroimidazole   Eosinophilia.  Headache.  
Amlodipine   12  hours  
synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   Superinfection  or  eythema  
IV,  oral  
those  of  the  penicillins   sinusitis,  skin  infection,   1st  trimester  of  pregnancy   multiforme,  Stevens-­Johnson  
surgical  infection,  UTI   syndrome,  toxic  epidermal  
necrolysis  
Patients  prone  to  dyspepsia  
or  known  to  have  a  lesion  of  
the  gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting  
administer  to  patients  with  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity  
hemophilia  and  is  not   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
325  mg/tab  or   and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;  
Vastard     recommended  to  infants  <1   hypersensitivity  and  
80  mg/tab   reduces  fever  by  acting  on  the  brain’s  
year.  Caution  is  necessary   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
vasodilation  and  sweating  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated.  
A  direct  acting  trichomonacide  and  
amebecide  that  works  at  both  intestinal  
and  extraintestinal  sites.  Thought  to   Hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   vertigo,  headache,  ataxia,  
500mg  every  8   Amoebiasis,  giardiasis,  
enter  the  cells  of  microorganisms  that   other  nitroimidazole   dizziness,syncope,  confusion,  
Delzem   hours     urethritis  &  vaginitis  due  to  
contain  nitroreductase.  Unstable   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   irritability,weakness,  
IV,  Oral   trichomonas,  aerobic  infection  
compounds  are  then  formed  that  bind  to   1st  trimester  of  pregnancy   depression  
DNA  and  inhibit  synthesis,  causing  cell  
death  
Inhibits  DNA  gyrase  and  Topoisomerase  
Caution  for  use  with  other  
IV.  This  results  in  inhibition  of  DNA  
400mg  /  tab   QTc  prolonging  drugs  and   Dizziness  (3%)  Nausea  (7%)  
Aldazide   replication  and  translation,  DNA  repair,   Antibiotic  /  Quinolone  
once  a  day   corticosteroids.  May   Diarrhea  (6%)  
recombination  and  transposition,  which  
aggravate  myasthenia  gravis  
causes  bacterial  cell  death  
 Reduction  of  elevated  total  &  
Inhibitor  of  HMG-­CoA  reductase,  the  rate   Nausea  &  vomiting,  diarrhea  
LDL  cholesterol  
limiting  enzyme  in  cholesterol  synthesis,   abdominal  pain,  constipation,  
apolipoprotein  B  &  
Atorvastatin  Ca   result  in  compensatory  increase  in   Active  liver  disease,   dyspepsia,  flatulence,  
10  mg/tab   triglycerides  &  increase  HDL  
Lipitor   expression  of  LDL  receptors  on   pregnancy  and  lactation.   headache,  myalgia,  insomnia,  
cholesterol  in  patients  with  
hepatocyte  membranes  &  stimulation  of   muscle  cramps,  peripheral  
primary  
LDL  catabolism   edema  
hypercholesterolemia.  
Oral:  
0.1,0.2,0.3  mg  
Partial  alpha-­2  antagonist.  Decrease   Orthostatic  hypotension,  rash,  
tablets  
preganglionic  sympathetic  outflow  from   Decrease  dose  with  renal   drowsiness,  dry  mouth,  
Coversyl   Patche:    
brain  resulting  in  decrease  in  blood   insufficiency   constipation,  headache,  
release  
pressure   impaired  ejaculation  
0.1,0.2,0.3  
mg/24  hrs  
Dyspeptic  symptom  complex  
associated  with  delayed  
gastric  emptying,  GERD,  
esophagitis  eg  epigastric  
Peripheral  dopamine  receptor  blocking  
sense  of  fullness,  early  
properties.  It  increase  esophageal   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical   Rarely,  increased  prolactin  
satiety,  feeling  of  abdominal  
peristalsis  and  increase  lower   obstruction  or  perforation;;  in   levels.  GI  disorders.    
distention,  upper  abdominal  
10mg,  1mg/ml   esophageal  sphincter  pressure,  increase   patients  w/  prolactin-­ Very  rarely,  transient  
Polynerve   pain;;  bloating,  erucation,  
1tab  TID   gastric  motility  and  peristalsis  and   releasing  pituitary  tumor   intestinal  cramps.  
flatulence;;  heartburn  w/  or  
enhances  gastroduodenal  coordination,   (prolactinoma).  Known   Galactorrhea.  Gynecomastia.  
w/o  regurgitations  of  gastric  
therefore,  facilitating  gastric  emptying   intolerance  to  the  drug.   Amenorrhea.  
contents  in  the  mouth.  
and  decrease  small  bowel  transit  time  
Nausea  &  vomiting  of  
functional,  organic,  infectious  
or  dietetic  origin  or  induced  
by  radio  or  drug  therapy  
Use  with  caution  in  patients  
prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known  
to  have  a  lesion  of  the  
Antithrombotic,  analgesic/antipyretic    
gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting  
administer  to  patients  with  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity   Prophylaxis  of   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
325  mg/tab  or   hemophilia  and  is  not  
Plavix     and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;   thromboembolic  disorder;;   hypersensitivity  and  
80  mg/tab   recommended  to  infants  <1  
reduces  fever  by  aacting  on  the  brain’s   prevention  of  MI  &  stroke   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
year.  Caution  is  necessary  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
vasodilation  and  sweating.  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated  
 Pyrexia  of  unknown  origin.  
Fever  &  pain  associated  with  
common  childhood  disorders,  
150mg/ml   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   tonsillitis,  upper  resp  tract  
Orphenadrine   2~3ml  every  4   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   infections  post-­immunization   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
Hematological,  skin  &  other  
citrate  +   hours  for  adult   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   reactions,  after  tonsillectomy   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
allergic  reactions  
Paracetamol   1~2ml  every  4   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ &  other  conditions.   or  severe  renal  disease  
hours  for  child   regulating  center   Prevention  of  febrile  
convulsion.  Headache,  cold,  
sinusitis,  muscle  pain,  arthritis  
&  toothacke  
Short  term  treatment  of  post-­ Occasionally,  GI  disorder,  
Known  hypersensitivity  to  
50~150mg   traumatic  &  post  op  pain  &   HA,  dizziness,  vertigo,  rash,  
Myonal   Nonsteroidal  Anti0inflammatory  Drugs   diclofenac  or  other  NSAIDs,  
/day   inflammation,  dysmenorrheal,   elevation  of  serum  
gastric  or  intestinal  ulcer  
migraine,  adnexitis   transaminase  
Blue-­grey  discolouration  of  
Amiodarone  is  a  class  III  antiarrhythmic   skin,  photosensitivity,  
agent  which  inhibits  stimulation,  prolongs   peripheral  neuropathy,  
Hypersensitivity  to  
action  potential  and  refractory  period  in   paraesthesia,  myopathy,  
  amiodarone  or  iodine.  
myocardial  tissues.  It  also  decreases  AV   Management  of  life-­ ataxia,  tremor,  nausea,  
  Severe  sinus  node  
conduction  and  sinus  node  function.   threatening  ventricular   vomiting,  metallic  taste,  
Amiodarone       dysfunction,  2nd  and  3rd  
Sinus  rate  is  reduced  by  15-­20%,  PR   arrhythmias,  Cardiac  arrest   hypothyroidism,  
  200mg,  1  tab   degree  heart  block  (except  
and  QT  intervals  are  increased.   secondary  to  ventricular   hyperthyroidism,  alopoecia,  
  OD   in  patients  with  a  functioning  
Amiodarone  can  cause  marked  sinus   fibrillation  or  pulseless   sleep  disturbances,  corneal  
  artificial  pacemaker),  
bradycardia  or  sinus  arrest  and  heart   ventricular  tachycardia   microdeposits,  hot  flushes,  
  cardiogenic  shock,  
block.  In  acute  IV  doses,  amiodarone   sweating.  Heart  block,  
pregnancy.  
may  exert  a  mild  negative  inotropic   bradycardia,  sinus  arrest,  
effect.   hepatotoxicity,  heart  failure.  
 
Candesartan   Pregnancy.  Severe  or  end-­ Headache,  upper  resp  tract  
16mg  ½  tab   Antihypertensive  agent  and  angiotensin  
cilexetil   Hypertension.   stage  renal  impairment.   infection,  back  pain,  
OD   II  receptor  antagonist.  
(Biopress)     Childn.   dizziness,  nausea.  
Dyspepsia,  abdominal  pain,  
nausea,  vomiting,  flatulence,  
constipation,  gastritis,  gastric  
Hypersensitivity  to  the  drug  
inhibitor  of  ADP-­induced  platelet   For  patients  with  a  history  of   and  duodenal  ulcers.  GI  
substance  or  any  
aggregation  acting  by  direct  inhibition  of   recent  myocardial  infarction   upset,  diarrhoea,  
  component  of  the  product.  
  adenosine  diphosphate  (ADP)  binding  to   (MI),  recent  stroke,  or   paraesthesia,  vertigo,  
5mg/tab  1  tab   Active  pathological  bleeding  
Clopidogrel     its  receptor  and  of  the  subsequent  ADP-­ established  peripheral  arterial   headache,  dizziness,  pruritus  
after  lunch   such  as  peptic  ulcer  or  
mediated  activation  of  the  glycoprotein   disease,  patients  with  acute   and  rashes.  
intracranial  hemorrhage.  
GPIIb/IIIa  complex.   coronary  syndrome   Potentially  Fatal:  Bleeding  
 
disorders  including  GI  and  
intracranial  haemorrhage.  
Blood  dyscrasias.  
  
 
Hypoglycemia.  Dizziness,  
sulfonylurea  antidiabetic  agent.  It  lowers  
    asthenia,  headache,  nausea.  
  blood  glucose  primarily  by  stimulating  the  
2mg  before   Type  2  diabetes  mellitus,  as     Vomiting,  GI  pain,  diarrhea.  
Glimepiride   release  of  insulin  from  functioning  
breakfast,     monotherapy  or  in   Diabetic  ketoacidosis  w/  or   Allergic  skin  reactions,  
(Norizec)     pancreatic  β-­cells.  Glimepiride  also  
  combination  w/  metformin  or   w/o  coma   hematologic  reactions.  
  provides  overall  glycemic  control  by  
  insulin.   Hyponatremia,  changes  in  
increasing  sensitivity  of  peripheral  
accommodation  &/or  blurred  
tissues  to  insulin.  
vision.  
a  biguanide  hypoglycemic  agent  that  
reduces  both  fasting  and  postprandial  
Renal  &  hepatic  dysfunction,  
glucose  concentrations  in  patients  with   GI  disturbances;;  
CHF,  CV  collapse,  shock,  
type  2  diabetes  mellitus  by  improving   dizziness/lightheadedness,  
acute  MI,  dehydration,  
both  peripheral  and  hepatic  sensitivity  to   headache,  upper  resp  
  Adjunct  to  diet  &  exercise  to   septicemia  or  intravascular  
  insulin.  Metformin  improves  insulin   infection,  flu  syndrome,  chest  
Metformin  HCl   improve  glycemic  control  in   administration  of  iodinated  
500mg  3x  a   sensitivity  by  enhancing  insulin-­ discomfort,  chills;;  
(Glumet)     Type  II  DM.  Impaired  glucose   contrast  materials.  Diabetic  
day   stimulated  uptake  and  utilization  of   hypoglycemia,  myalgia,  
  tolerance.   ketoacidosis  w/  or  w/o  coma.  
glucose  by  peripheral  tissues  eg,  skeletal   dyspnea,  nail  disorder,  rash,  
Alcoholism.  Pregnancy  &  
muscles  and  adipocytes.  Metformin  also   increased  sweating,  flushing,  
lactation.  XR  tab  Childn  <17  
improves  glycemic  control  by  decreasing   palpitation.  
yr.  
hepatic  glucose  production  and  intestinal  
absorption  of  glucose.  
 
Pharmacokinetics:  Peak  plasma  levels   Acute  bronchitis,  chronic   Hepatic  cirrhosis  &  
bronchitis  &  its  exacerbations.   No  gastrointestinal  nor  
Erdosteine     200mg/cap   are  reached  after  30-­60  min.  Ectrin  has   cystathionine-­synthetase  
Resp  disorders  characterised   systemic  side  effects  due  to  
(Ectrin)     BID   subsequent  complete  metabolism  in   enzyme  deficiency.  
by  abnormal  bronchial   Ectrin  have  been  observed.  
similar  metabolites.   Phenylketonuria  (susp  only).  
secretions  &  impaired  mucus  
transport.  
GI  disturbances  (eg  nausea,  
vomiting,  dyspepsia,  
abdominal  pain);;  headache,  
Treatment  of  upper  &  lower  
has  bactericidal  action  that  results  from   dizziness;;  taste  perversion;;  
resp  tract  infections  eg  acute  
the  interference  with  topoisomerase  II   Hypersensitivity  to   musculoskeletal  effects  (eg  
400mg/tab  1   sinusitis,  acute  exacerbations  
Moxifloxacin  HCl   and  IV.  Topoisomerases  are  essential   quinolones.  Childn,  growing   back  pain,  arthralgia);;  CVS  
tab  OD  for  5   of  chronic  bronchitis,  
(Avelox)     enzymes  which  control  DNA  topology   adolescent.  Pregnancy,   effects  (eg  tachycardia,  HTN);;  
days     community-­acquired  
and  assist  in  DNA  replication,  repair  and   lactation.   hematological  changes;;  CNS  
pneumonia.  Treatment  of  skin  
transcription.   disturbances  (eg  insomnia,  
&  soft  tissue  infections.  
convulsion);;  skin  reactions  
(eg  rash,  pruritus);;  visual  
disturbances.  
Reduction  of  elevated  total  &  
Inhibitor  of  HMG-­CoA  reductase,  the  rate   Nausea  &  vomiting,  diarrhea  
LDL  cholesterol  
limiting  enzyme  in  cholesterol  synthesis,   abdominal  pain,  constipation,  
apolipoprotein  B  &  
Atorvastatin  Ca   20  mg/tab  after   result  in  compensatory  increase  in   Active  liver  disease,   dyspepsia,  flatulence,  
triglycerides  &  increase  HDL  
Lipitor   dinner   expression  of  LDL  receptors  on   pregnancy  and  lactation.   headache,  myalgia,  insomnia,  
cholesterol  in  patients  with  
hepatocyte  membranes  &  stimulation  of   muscle  cramps,  peripheral  
primary  
LDL  catabolism   edema  
hypercholesterolemia.  
 for  the  treatment  of  
A  proton  pump  inhibitor  which  reduces  
gastroesophageal  reflux  
40mg  IV  (   gastric  acid  secretion  through  inhibition   headache,  diarrhea,  nausea,  
disease  (GERD)  and  in  
Esomeprazole     )ANST   of  H+/K+-­ATPase  in  gastric  parietal  cells.   Pregnancy  and  nursing   gas,  decreased  appetite,  
combination  with  amoxicillin  
    By  inhibiting  the  functioning  of  this   mothers   constipation,  dry  mouth,  and  
and  clarithromycin  (Biaxin)  for  
  enzyme,  the  drug  prevents  formation  of   abdominal  pain  
the  treatment  of  patients  with  
gastric  acid  
ulcers  and  H.  pylori  infection  
Chest  pain  (I.V.  <  or  =6%),  
Pain,  migraine,  anxiety,  
dizziness,  headache  (I.V.  
>1%)  Rash  (I.V.  6%),  pruritus  
short-­term  treatment  of   (I.V.  4%)  Hyperglycemia  
erosive  esophagitis   (1%),  hyperlipidemia,  
associated  with   Diarrhea  (4%),  constipation,  
gastroesophageal  reflux   dyspepsia,  gastroenteritis,  
1  tab  BID,  30   disease  (GERD);;   nausea,  rectal  disorder,  
Safety  and  efficacy  not  
minutes  before   Inhibits  H+/K+  ATPase  pump  in  parietal   maintenance  treatment  of   vomiting,  abdominal  pain  (I.V.  
Pantoprazole   established  beyond  16  
meals  for  2   cells,  inhibiting  acid  secretion.  Also   erosive  esophagitis,  the   12%),  Urinary  frequency,  
(Ulcepraz,   weeks.  Prolonged  treatment  
weeks,  then  1   reduces  in-­vitro  counts  of  H.  pylori  by   treatment  of  duodenal  and   urinary  tract  infection,  Liver  
Pantoloc)   may  lead  to  Vit  B12  
tab  once  a  day   more  than  4x  at  pH  of  4   gastric  ulcers,  the  prevention   function  test  abnormality,  
malabsorption  
for  2  weeks   of  gastro-­duodenal  damage  in   increased  SGPT  Injection  site  
patients  taking  NSAIDs,  and   pain  (>1%)  Weakness,  back  
as  adjunctive  therapy  with   pain,  neck  pain,  arthralgia,  
antibiotics  for  the  eradication   hypertonia,  Bronchitis,  
of  Helicobacter  pylori.   increased  cough,  dyspnea,  
pharyngitis,  rhinitis,  sinusitis,  
upper  respiratory  tract  
infection,  Flu  syndrome,  
infection  
by  promoting  sodium  efflux  from  
neurons,  phenytoin  tends  to  stabilize  the  
threshold  against  hyperexcitability   in  patients  who  have  
caused  by  excessive  stimulation  or   indicated  for  the  control  of   experienced  phenytoin  
   
environmental  changes  capable  of   generalized  tonic-­clonic   hypersensitivity;;  caution   Headache,  nausea,  vomiting,  
   
reducing  membrane  sodium  gradient.   (grand  mal)  and  complex   should  be  exercised  if  using   constipation,  dizziness,  
   
This  includes  the  reduction  of  posttetanic   partial  (psychomotor,   structurally  similar   drowsiness,  trouble  sleeping,  
   
potentiation  at  synapses.  Loss  of   temporal  lobe)  seizures  and   compounds  (e.g.,   or  nervousness  may  occur,  
Phenytoin  (Dilantin)      
posttetanic  potentiation  prevents  cortical   prevention  and  treatment  of   barbiturates,  succinimides,   may  cause  swelling  and  
  100mg  cap  
seizure  foci  from  detonating  adjacent   seizures  occurring  during  or   oxazolidinediones,  and  other   bleeding  of  the  gums  
  TID  
cortical  areas.  Phenytoin  reduces  the   following  neurosurgery   related  compounds)  in  these  
maximal  activity  of  brain  stem  centers   same  patients.  
responsible  for  the  tonic  phase  of  tonic-­
clonic  (grand  mal)  seizures.  
 for  the  management  of  
anxiety  disorders  or  for  the   known  hypersensitivity  to  
drowsiness,  fatigue,  muscle  
short-­term  relief  of  the   diazepam  and,  because  of  
weakness,  and  ataxia,  
a  benzodiazepine  that  exerts  anxiolytic,   symptoms  of  anxiety;;  useful   lack  of  sufficient  clinical  
confusion,  depression,  
  sedative,  muscle-­relaxant,  anticonvulsant   adjunct  for  the  relief  of   experience,  in  pediatric  
  dysarthria,  headache,  slurred  
  and  amnestic  effects.  Most  of  these   skeletal  muscle  spasm  due  to   patients  under  6  months  of  
  speech,  tremor,  vertigo,  
  effects  are  thought  to  result  from  a   reflex  spasm  to  local   age,  in  patients  with  
  constipation,  nausea,  
Diazepam  (Valium)     facilitation  of  the  action  of  gamma   pathology  (such  as   myasthenia  gravis,  severe  
  gastrointestinal  disturbances,  
  aminobutyric  acid  (GABA),  an  inhibitory   inflammation  of  the  muscles   respiratory  insufficiency,  
5mg  IV   blurred  vision,  diplopia,  
  neurotransmitter  in  the  central  nervous   or  joints,  or  secondary  to   severe  hepatic  insufficiency,  
dizziness,  hypotension,  
system.   trauma),  spasticity  caused  by   and  sleep  apnea  syndrome,  
incontinence,  changes  in  
upper  motor  neuron  disorders   in  acute  narrow-­angle  
libido,  urinary  retention  
(such  as  cerebral  palsy  and   glaucoma.  
paraplegia),  athetosis  
 
Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in  
   
the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
Paracetamol     500mg/tab  1   Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
  tab  for   pains   disturbances  
from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ or  severe  renal  disease  
  headache  
regulating  center  
 
Use  with  caution  in  patients  
prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known  
to  have  a  lesion  of  the  
Antithrombotic,  analgesic/antipyretic    
gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting  
administer  to  patients  with  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity   Prophylaxis  of   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
Acetylsalicylic  acid   325  mg/tab  or   hemophilia  and  is  not  
and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;   thromboembolic  disorder;;   hypersensitivity  and  
(Aspirin)   80  mg/tab   recommended  to  infants  <1  
reduces  fever  by  aacting  on  the  brain’s   prevention  of  MI  &  stroke   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
year.  Caution  is  necessary  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
vasodilation  and  sweating.  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated  
Symptomatic  hypotension,  
HTN.  CHF.  Treatment  of   History  of  angioneurotic  
cardiac  arrhythmias,  ,  
patients  who  w/in  the  1st  few   edema;;  renal  artery  
disturbances  due  to  vascular  
days  after  an  acute  MI  have   stenosis,  relevant  left  
stenoses,  myocardial  or  
demonstrated  clinical  signs  of   ventricular  inflow  or  outflow  
cerebral  ischemia,  renal  
CHF.  Prevention  of  MI,  stroke   obstruction,  concomitant  use  
  potent  and  long-­acting  angiotensin-­ failure,  hyperkalemia,  
or  CV  death  &  reduction  of   of  certain  high-­flux  dialysis  
Ramipril   converting  enzyme  (ACE)  inhibitor,   hyponatremia,  angioneurotic  
need  for  revascularization   membranes  or  low  density  
(Tritace)     5mg/tab  OD   results  in  a  vasodilatation  and,  especially   edema,conjunctivitis,  pruritus,  
procedures  in  patients  w/   lipoprotein  apheresis  w/  
  in  hypertensive  patients,  in  a  reduction  of   urticaria,  photosensitivity,  
increased  CV  risk  eg  manifest   dextran  sulfate.  Significant  
  blood  pressure   alopecia,  onycholysis,  
CHD  (w/  or  w/o  a  history  of   unilateral  renal  artery  
Raynaud's  phenomenon,  
MI),  a  history  of  stroke,  or  a   stenosis  in  the  single  kidney.  
increased  likelihood  of  
history  of  vascular  disease.   Pregnancy  &  lactation.  
anaphylactoid  reactions  to  
Prevention  of  MI,  stroke  or   Hypersensitivity  to  other  
other  substances,  GI  
CV  death  in  diabetic  patients.   ACE  inhibitors.  
reactions  
 Prophylaxis  of  VTE  disease,  
in  particular  those  which  may  
be  associated  w/  orthopedic  
or  general  surgery.  
Prophylaxis  of  VTE  in  medical   Hemorrhage.  
binds  to  and  accelerates  the  activity  of   patients  bedridden  due  to   Thrombocytopenia.  Local  
antithrombin  III.  By  activating   acute  illnesses  including   reactions  (exceptionally  small  
Conditions  w/  a  high  risk  of  
antithrombin  III,  enoxaparin  preferentially   cardiac  insufficiency,  resp   local  hematoma).  Exceptional  
uncontrolled  hemorrhage  
potentiates  the  inhibition  of  coagulation   failure,  severe  infections,   cases  of  skin  necrosis  
including  major  bleeding  
Enoxaparin  Na   factors  Xa  and  IIa.  Factor  Xa  catalyzes   rheumatic  diseases.   (discontinue  treatment).  
0.4cc  SQ  BID   disorders.  Hypersensitivity  to  
(Clexane)       the  conversion  of  prothrombin  to   Treatment  of  deep  vein   Rarely,  cutaneous  or  
enoxaparin  Na,  heparin  or  
thrombin,  so  enoxaparin’s  inhibition  of   thrombosis  w/  or  w/o   systemic  allergic  reactions.  
its  derivatives  including  
this  process  results  in  decreased   pulmonary  embolism;;   Increase  in  liver  enzymes,  
other  low  MW  heparins.  
thrombin  and  ultimately  the  prevention  of   prevention  of  thrombus   platelet  counts.  
fibrin  clot  formation.   formation  in  extracorporeal   Hypersensitivity  cutaneous  
circulation  during   vasculitis.  
hemodialysis;;  treatment  of  
unstable  angina  &  non-­Q  
wave  MI,  administered  
concurrently  w/  aspirin.  
  500mg/tab  
Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in  
  every  4hours  
the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
Paracetamol     for   Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
  temperature   pains   disturbances  
from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ or  severe  renal  disease  
  ≥37.8ºC  
regulating  center  
   
Dyspepsia,  abdominal  pain,  
nausea,  vomiting,  flatulence,  
constipation,  gastritis,  gastric  
Hypersensitivity  to  the  drug  
  inhibitor  of  ADP-­induced  platelet   For  patients  with  a  history  of   and  duodenal  ulcers.  GI  
substance  or  any  
Clopidogrel     aggregation  acting  by  direct  inhibition  of   recent  myocardial  infarction   upset,  diarrhoea,  
  component  of  the  product.  
(Plavix)   adenosine  diphosphate  (ADP)  binding  to   (MI),  recent  stroke,  or   paraesthesia,  vertigo,  
  Active  pathological  bleeding  
  its  receptor  and  of  the  subsequent  ADP-­ established  peripheral  arterial   headache,  dizziness,  pruritus  
75mg  OD   such  as  peptic  ulcer  or  
  mediated  activation  of  the  glycoprotein   disease,  patients  with  acute   and  rashes.  
intracranial  hemorrhage.  
  GPIIb/IIIa  complex.   coronary  syndrome   Potentially  Fatal:  Bleeding  
 
disorders  including  GI  and  
intracranial  haemorrhage.  
Blood  dyscrasias.  
A  proton  pump  inhibitor  which  reduces   for  the  treatment  of  GERD  
40mg  tab  
gastric  acid  secretion  through  inhibition   and  in  combination  with   headache,  diarrhea,  nausea,  
before  
Esomeprazole     of  H+/K+-­ATPase  in  gastric  parietal  cells.   amoxicillin  and  clarithromycin   Pregnancy  and  nursing   gas,  decreased  appetite,  
breakfast  
(Nexium)   By  inhibiting  the  functioning  of  this   (Biaxin)  for  the  treatment  of   mothers   constipation,  dry  mouth,  and  
 
enzyme,  the  drug  prevents  formation  of   patients  with  ulcers  and  H.   abdominal  pain  
 
gastric  acid   pylori  infection  
Oral  Angina  pectoris  including  
  Prinzmetal's  angina.  Mild  to   Sick  sinus  syndrome;;  2nd  or  
potent  vasodilator,  increasing  blood  flow   Dizziness,  headache,  edema,  
Diltiazem  Hcl   moderate  hypertension.   3rd  degree  AV  block;;  
and  variably  decreasing  the  heart  rate   skin  rash,  bradycardia,  
(Dilzem)     90mg  1  tab  OD   Parenteral  Paroxysmal   hypotension,  acute  MI.  
via  strong  depression  of  A-­V  node   asthenia,  flushing,  1st  degree  
  supraventricular  tachycardia   Pulmonary  congestion,  
conduction   AV  block,  nausea.  
  &  atrial  fibrillation  or  atrial   hypersensitivity.  
flutter.  
 GI  disturbances  (eg  nausea,  
vomiting,  dyspepsia,  
abdominal  pain);;  headache,  
Treatment  of  upper  &  lower  
has  bactericidal  action  that  results  from   dizziness;;  taste  perversion;;  
resp  tract  infections  eg  acute  
the  interference  with  topoisomerase  II   Hypersensitivity  to   musculoskeletal  effects  (eg  
400mg/tab  1   sinusitis,  acute  exacerbations  
Moxifloxacin  HCl   and  IV.  Topoisomerases  are  essential   quinolones.  Childn,  growing   back  pain,  arthralgia);;  CVS  
tab  OD  for  5   of  chronic  bronchitis,  
(Avelox)     enzymes  which  control  DNA  topology   adolescent.  Pregnancy,   effects  (eg  tachycardia,  HTN);;  
days     community-­acquired  
and  assist  in  DNA  replication,  repair  and   lactation.   hematological  changes;;  CNS  
pneumonia.  Treatment  of  skin  
transcription.   disturbances  (eg  insomnia,  
&  soft  tissue  infections.  
convulsion);;  skin  reactions  
(eg  rash,  pruritus);;  visual  
disturbances.  
 
Pharmacokinetics:  Peak  plasma  levels   Acute  bronchitis,  chronic   Hepatic  cirrhosis  &  
bronchitis  &  its  exacerbations.   No  gastrointestinal  nor  
Erdosteine     300mg  1  tab   are  reached  after  30-­60  min.  Ectrin  has   cystathionine-­synthetase  
Resp  disorders  characterised   systemic  side  effects  due  to  
(Ectrin)     BID   subsequent  complete  metabolism  in   enzyme  deficiency.  
by  abnormal  bronchial   Ectrin  have  been  observed.  
similar  metabolites.   Phenylketonuria  (susp  only).  
secretions  &  impaired  mucus  
transport.  
an  intermediate-­acting  insulin  combined  
48  “u”  SQ  in   Hypoglycemia,  IV   Lipodystrophy,  insulin  
with  the  more  rapid  onset  of  action  of  
Humulin  70/30,     AM  and  16  “u”   Treatment  of  IDDM.   administration  &   resistance.  Local  &  
regular  insulin.  The  duration  of  activity  
SQ   hyperglycemic  coma.     generalised  allergic  reactions.  
may  last  up  to  24  hrs  following  injection.    
potent  and  selective  dipeptidyl-­
peptidase-­4  (DPP-­4)  inhibitor  that   Adjunct  to  diet  &  exercise  to   Type  I  DM,  diabetic  
improves  glycemic  control.  Inhibition  of   improve  glycemic  control  in   ketoacidosis.  Hepatic  
DPP-­4  results  in  increased  fasting  and   patients  w/  Type  2  DM  as   impairment.  Moderate  to  
postprandial  endogenous  levels  of  the   monotherapy  or  in   severe  renal  impairment.  
1  tab  after   incretin  hormones  GLP-­1  (glucagon-­like   combination  w/  metformin,  a   End-­stage  renal  disease  on   `  Dizziness,  tremor,  
Vildagliptin  
beakfast  and  1   peptide  1)  and  GIP  (glucose-­dependent   sulfonylurea  or  a   hemodialysis.  Childn  <18  yr.   headache,  asthenia,  wt  
(Galvus)    
tab  after  dinner   insulinotropic  polypeptide).  By  increasing   thiazolidinedione  when  diet,   Patients  w/  galactose   increase,  peripheral  edema.  
the  endogenous  levels  of  these  incretin   exercise  &  a  single   intolerance,  Lapp  lactase  
hormones,  vildagliptin  enhances  the   antidiabetic  agent  do  not   deficiency  or  glucose-­
sensitivity  of    cells  to  glucose  resulting   result  in  adequate  glycemic   galactose  malabsorption.  
in  improved  glucose-­dependent  insulin   control.   Pregnancy  &  lactation.  
secretion.  
a  potassium  channel  opener  with  nitrate  
moiety  and  an  antianginal  agent  with  a  
dual  mechanism  of  action:  (1)  opens  
Hypersensitivity  to   Headache,  abdominal  pain,  
(KATP)  channels  in  vascular  smooth  
nicorandil,  nicotinamide  &   chest  &  back  pain,  lethargy,  
muscle  and  hence,  causes  a  
nicotinic  acid.  Cardiogenic   infection,  vasodilation,  flush,  
Nicorandil   10mg  after   hyperpolarization  of  the  smooth  muscle   Treatment  of  chronic  stable  
shock,  hypotension  &  left   HTN,  palpitation,  dyspepsia,  
(Aprior)     dinner   cells,  leading  to  arterial  dilatation  and   angina  pectoris.  
ventricular  failure  w/  low   nausea,  myalgia,  dizziness,  
afterload  reduction;;  (2)  Due  to  its  nitrate  
filling  pressures,  acute  MI.   vertigo,  bronchitis,  dyspnea,  
moiety,  relaxes  vascular  smooth  muscle,  
Childn.   resp  disorder.  
particularly  in  the  venous  vascular  
system,  via  an  increase  in  intracellular  
cyclic  GMP.    
 Binds  to  stereo  specific  benzodiazepine   Anxiety  &  tension  state,  
receptors  on  the  post  synaptic  GABA   depressive  mood,  nervous  
neuron  at  the  several  sites  within  the   tension,  agitation,  insomnia,  
Bromazepam     Early  pregnancy,  lactation,   Acute  anxiety,  hallucinations,  
1.5  mg/tab  TID   CNS.  Enhancement  of  the  inhibitory   functional  state  of  CV  &  
Lexotan     myasthenia  gravis   excitation.  
effect  of  GABA  on  neuronal  excitability   respiratory  system.  Adjuvant  
results  by  increased  neuronal  membrane   to  psychotherapy  in  
permeability  to  chloride  ions.   psychoneurosis  
100-­300  mg  IV   GI  disorders,  headache,  
Ketoprofen  
daily  for  a  max   Analgesic     Renal  impairment   drowsiness,  dizziness,  
(Orudis)  
of  48  hrs   edema,  bullous  dermatoses  
Special  Precautions:  in  
patients  with  impaired  renal  
GI  reactions,  nausea,  
function.  History  of  GIT  
Ketorolac   Analgesic,  can  also  replace  morphine  in   dyspepsia,  drowsiness,  
disease,  anaphylactoid  
trometamol   30  mg  IV  TID   situations  involving  mild  to  moderate  pot     headache,  sweating  edema,  
reactions,  elderly,  
(Toradol)   op  pain   bradycardia,  palpitation,  
coagulation  disorders.  Avoid  
hypotension,  chest  pain  
driving  and  operating  
machinery  
3.3g/5ml   Constipation  associated  with  
Starting   ped  problems,  post-­op;;  
Initial  dosing  may  produce  
Adult  :   pregnancy  &  postnatal  period;;  
Laxative;;  the  fecal  bulk  is  increased  and   Galactosemia,  bowel   flatulence  and  meteorism,  
15~45ml   bedridden  &  geriatric  patients;;  
Lactulose   softened  and  peristalsis  is  stimulated,  by   obstruction,  hypersensitivity   which  are  usually  transient  
Child  :5~15ml   surgical  procedures;;  painful  
(Duphalac)   which  normal  bowel  action  is  restored.   Special  concerns  in  lactose   and  disappear  under  
Maintenance   rectal  &  anal  conditions;;  
Lactulose  does  not  irritate  gut  mucosa   intolerance   continued  therapy  
Adult  :   laxative  dependence;;  barium  
Diarrhea  
10~25ml   x-­ray  investigation;;  drug-­
Child  :5~20ml   induced  constipation  
Directly  acts  on  intestinal  muscles  to  
inhibit  peristalsis  and  prolongs  transit  
2mg/cap,     time  enhancing  fluid  &  electrolyte   Constipation,  acute   Constipation,  nausea,  
Anti-­diarrheal  
Loperamide   2cap  followed   movement  through  intestinal  mucosa;;   ulcerative,   vomiting,  tiredness,  
Symptomatic  control  of  acute  
(Diatabs,  Imodium)   by  1cap  after   reduces  fecal  volume,  increase  viscosity   pseudomembranous  colitis,   drowsiness  or  dizziness,  dry  
&  chronic  diarrhea,  ileostomy  
unformed  stool   &  diminishes  fluid  and  electrolyte  loss;;   acute  dysentery   mouth  
demonstrates  antisecretory  activity;;  
exhibits  peripheral  action  
Maalox   Chewtab  2~4  
Antacids,  antireflux  &  antiulcerants   Symptomatic  relief  of   Severe  debilitation,  kidney  
Al(OH)3  200mg,   Susp  2~4tsp   Rarely,  GI  disturbance  
agents   hyperacidity   failure  
Mg(OH)2  200mg   QID  
Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis  by  
Pain,  headache,  muscular  
decreasing  the  activity  of  the  enzyme,  
500  mg/cap   and  traumatic  pain,  dental   GIT  ulceration  or   GI  disturbances,  bleeding,  
Mefenamic  acid   cyclooxygenase,  which  results  in  
P.O   pain,  post-­op  &  post  partum   inflammation   drowsiness,  dizziness  
decrease  formation  of  the  protaglandin  
pain,  dysmenorrhea  
precursor  
Similar  smooth  muscle  actions  as  seen   Abnormal  presentation,  
Methylergometrine   with  ergotamine;;  however,  affects   Completion  of  3rd  stage   before  delivery  of  child  is  
125~250mg   Headache,  HTN,  skin  
hydrogen  maleate   primarily  uterine  smooth  muscle   labor.  Uterine   completed  &  in  multiple  birth  
orally  TID   eruptions,  abdominal  pain  
(Methergin)   producing  sustained  contractions  and   atony/hemorrhage   not  before  the  last  child  has  
thereby  shorten  the  third  stage  of  labor   bee  delivered.  
 Documented  
hypersensitivity;;  pregnant  
patients  with  severe  
toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal  
Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions   positions,  and  a  contracting  
and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
Methylergonovine   vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  
    urinary  retention,  allergic  
(Syntocinon)   control  postpartum  bleeding  or   in  which  vaginal  delivery  
reactions,  skin  reactions  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   should  be  avoided,  such  as  
myometrial  tonus   invasive  cervical  carcinoma,  
cord  presentation  or  
prolapse,  active  herpes  
genitalis,  total  placenta  
previa,  and  vasa  previa  
Dermatological  &  
Preexisting  liver  damage  or  
hypersensitivity  reactions.  
Induction  3.3   impaired  hepatic  function.  
Bone  marrow  depression,  
mg/m2  w/   Malignant  disease  w/  
Inhibits  dihydrofolic  acid  reductase  and   leucopenia,  neutropenia,  
prednisolone   preexisting  bone  marrow  
Methotrexate   therefore  interferes  with  DNA  synthesis   thrombocytopenia,  decreased  
60  mg/m2   aplasia,  leucopenia,  
(Biomedis   and  cell  replication.  Actively  multiplying   serum  albumin,  anemia,  
daily.   thrombocytopenia  or  
Methotrexate  soln,   cells  such  as  malignant  cells,  bone   pancytopenia,  
Maintenance   anaemia.  Infection,  peptic  
Emthexate  vial,   marrow,  foetal  cells,  buccal  and  intestinal     hypogammaglobulinemia.  
therapy  30   ulcer,  ulcerative  colitis,  
Methobax  vial,   mucosa  and  cells  in  urinary  bladder  are   Mucositis,  anorexia,  nausea,  
mg/m2  IM   debility  &  extreme  youth  &  
Pfizer  Methotrexate   more  sensitive.  In  patients  with   vomiting,  diarrhea,  abdominal  
twice     old  age.  Monitor  renal  
vial)   rheumatoid  arthritis,  mehtotrexate   distress,  hematemesis,  
wkly  or  2.5   function  &  serum  levels  
reduces  joint  swelling  and  tenderness   melena,  Renal  failure,  
mg/kg  IV  every   when  giving  high  dose;;  give  
azotemia,  cystitis,  hematuria,  
14  days   Ca  folinate,  hydration  &  
urogenital  or  menstrual  
urine  alkalinisation  
dysfunction  
Antiemetic,  prokinetic  agent  
Metoclopramide  stimulates  motility  of  the  
Disturbances  of  GI  motility  
upper  GIT  without  stimulating  gastric,  
including  GERD  &  diabetic  
biliary  or  pancreatic  secretions.  Its  mode  
10mg/tab,   gastroparesis.  Nausea  &   In  approximately  10%  
of  action  is  unclear.  It  seems  to  sensitize  
5mg/5ml  susp.   vomiting  of  central  &   restlessness,  drowsiness,  
tissues  to  the  action  of  acetylcholine.  The   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical  
Metoclopramide   10-­15mg  QID,   peripheral  origin  associated   fatigue  and  lassitude.  Less  
effect  of  metoclopramide  on  motility  is   obstruction  or  perforation,  
HCl   30  minutes   with  surgery,  metabolic   frequently,  insomnia,  
not  dependent  on  intact  vagal   pheochromocytoma,  
(Reglan,  Plasil)   before  food   disease,  infectious  disease,   headache,  dizziness,  nausea  
innervation,  but  it  can  be  abolished  by   epileptics  
intak  IV,  Tab,   migraine  headache  or  drugs   or  bowel  disturbances  may  
anticholinesterase.  Blocks  dopamine  and  
Syrup   including  cancer   occur  
serotonin  in  the  CTZ  of  the  CNS,  which  
chemotherapy.  Facilitate  
is  responsible  for  its  antiemetic  action.  
small  bowel  intubation  &  
Also  increases  LES  tone  
radiological  procedure  of  GIT  
 CV:  hypotension,  edema,  
flushing;;  bradycardia;;  CNS:  
headache,  fatigue,  dizziness,  
Lactation:  excreted  in  breast  
depression,  lethargy,  
milk;;  Children:  safety  and  
drowsiness,  forgetfulness;;  
The  ß-­blocking  activity  primarily  affects   efficacy  not  established;;  
sleepiness;;  vertigo,  
the  cardiovascular  system  (decreases   Anaphylaxis:  Deaths  have  
Metoprolol   paresthesia;;  DERM:  rash,  
  heart  rate,  decreases  contractility,     occurred;;  aggressive  
(Neobloc)   facial  erythema;;  alopecia,  
decreases  BP)  and  lungs  (promotes   therapy  may  be  required;;  AV  
urticaria,  pruritus;;  EENT:  dry  
bronchospasm)   block,  slows  AV  conduction  
eyes,  visual  disturbances;;  GI:  
and  may  cause  heart  block;;  
Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea;;  
Bradycardia  
GU:  impotence,  urinary  
retention,  difficulty  with  
urination  
A  direct  acting  trichomonacide  and  
amebecide  that  works  at  both  intestinal  
and  extraintestinal  sites.  Thought  to   Hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   vertigo,  headache,  ataxia,  
500mg  every  8   Amoebiasis,  giardiasis,  
enter  the  cells  of  microorganisms  that   other  nitroimidazole   dizziness,syncope,  confusion,  
Metronidazole   hours     urethritis  &  vaginitis  due  to  
contain  nitroreductase.  Unstable   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   irritability,weakness,  
IV,  Oral   trichomonas,  aerobic  infection  
compounds  are  then  formed  that  bind  to   1st  trimester  of  pregnancy   depression  
DNA  and  inhibit  synthesis,  causing  cell  
death  
½  tablet  
initially  then  ½   Sedation,  hypnosis,  
Midazolam   Acute  narrow  angle  
tablet  every  2       anesthesia,  anticonvulsant,  
(Dormicum)   glaucoma,  premature  infants  
hours  prior  to   muscle  relaxant  
operation  
Inhibits  DNA  gyrase  and  Topoisomerase  
Caution  for  use  with  other  
IV.  This  results  in  inhibition  of  DNA  
Moxifloxacin   400mg  /  tab   QTc  prolonging  drugs  and   Dizziness  (3%)  Nausea  (7%)  
replication  and  translation,  DNA  repair,   Antibiotic  /  Quinolone  
(Avelox)   once  a  day   corticosteroids.  May   Diarrhea  (6%)  
recombination  and  transposition,  which  
aggravate  myasthenia  gravis  
causes  bacterial  cell  death  
 Ethambutol  may  produce  
decrease  in  visual  acuity  
which  appear  to  be  due  to  
optic  neuritis  and  to  be  
related  to  dose  and  duration  
of  treatment.  The  effects  are  
generally  reversible  when  
administration  of  the  drug  is  
discontinued  promptly.  
Isoniazid:  peripheral  
neuropathy  is  the  most  
common  toxic  effect.  It  is  
dose-­related,  occurs  most  
often  in  the  malnourished  and  
in  those  predisposed  to  
neuritis,  and  is  usually  
preceded  by  paresthesias  of  
the  feet  and  hand.  Pyridoxine  
has  been  used  successfully  
for  prophylaxis  and  treatment  
of  isoniazid  induced  
Myrin     Oral  chemotherapeutic  agent  which  is   peripheral  neuritis.  Severe  
(Ethambutol  HCl,   300/150/75  mg   specially  effective  against  actively   and  sometimes  fatal  hepatitis  
   
Rifampicin,   tab  once  a  day   growing  microorganisms  of  the  genus   associated  with  isoniazid  
Isoniazid)   Mycobacterium   therapy  may  occur  and  may  
develop  even  after  many  
months  of  treatment.  The  risk  
of  developing  hepatitis  is  age-­
related  and  is  increased  with  
daily  consumption  of  alcohol.  
Urinary  disturbance  in  the  
male,  constipation  and  
dryness  of  the  mouth  have  
been  reported.  
Rifampicin:  GI  disturbances,  
headache,  drowsiness,  
fatigue,  menstrual  
disturbances,  ataxia,  
dizziness,  fatigue,  metal  
disturbances.  Chronic  liver  
disease,  alcoholism  and  old  
age  appear  to  increase  the  
incidence  of  severe  hepatic  
problems  when  rifampicin  is  
given  alone  or  concurrently  
with  isoniazid  
Binds  to  opiate  receptors  in  the  CNS.  
Impaired  renal  or  hepatic   Sedation,  infrequently  
Alters  the  perception  of  and  response  to  
Nalbuphine   5  mg  IM  0.15-­ function,  biliary  tract  surgery,   sweating,  GI  upsets,  vertigo,  
painful  stimuli,  while  producing   Opioid  Analgesic  
(Nubain)   0.2  mg/kg  BW   impaired  respiration,  MI,   dizziness,  dry  mouth,  
generalized  CNS  depression.  Decrease  
labour  and  delivery   headache,  allergic  reactions  
in  moderate  and  severe  pain  
 Peripheral  edema;;  dizziness,  
nausea,  transient  
Oral:  20,30  mg   Potent  peripheral  vasodilator.  Little  
Nicardipine   hypotension,  MI,  reflex  
Parenteral:  2.5   depression  of  nodes.  Causes  reflex     Severe  aortic  stenosis  
(Cardepine)   tachycardia,  pulmonary  
mg/mL   increase  in  heart  rate  and  output  
edema,  fewer  myocardial  
infarctions,  more  palpitations  
Hypersensityvity  to  any  
component  of  nifedipine  
tablet  or  capsule.  
10mg  TID  or   Do  not  use  short  acting  
Inhibits  calcium  ion  from  passing  through  
30mg  OD   nifedipine  in  cases  of  
Nifedipine   slow  channels  on  voltage  sensitive  areas   Flushing,  Edema,  Headache,  
(Extended   emergency,  serious  side  
(Adalat,  Calibloc,   of  both  smooth  muscle  and  myocardium,   dizziness,  Weakness,  
release     effects  such  as0020CVD,  
Calchek,  Nelapine,   causing  coronary  vasodilation,  stabilizes   transient  hypotension  
tablets)  max   syncope,  heart  block,  stroke,  
Nifelan)   cell  membranes.  Increases  myocardial    
120-­ AMI,  etc.),  Avoid  with  
oxygen  sypply  
180mg/day   concurrent  intake  of  
grapefruit  juice.  Do  not  
withdraw  abruptly  in  
Hypertensive  patients  
Effective  in  vitro  against  the  
most  virulent  pathogens  
including:    
Normalizes  the  micro  flora  (lactic  acid   MRSA  -­  the  Methicillin-­
bacteria)  in  the  intestinal  tract,   resistant  Staphylococcus  
Reestablishes  the  colon's  optimum  pH   aureus  superbug,    
OMX  Probiotics  
level  and  Probiotics  12  plus,  Suppresses   E  coli-­157  (cause  of  food  
Probiotics  12+   2~10  cap  per  
the  growth  of  bad  bacteria,  stimulates  the   poisoning),        
Professional   day  
immune  system,  fortifies  the  body's   Bacillus  cereus  (cause  of  
Formula  
ability  to  absorb  nutrients,  provides   intestinal  anthrax),    
complex  B  vitamins,  antioxidants,   H.  pylori  (the  cause  of  peptic  
minerals  &  amino  acids.   ulcers),  and    
L  clostridium,  that  results  in  
morning  sickness,  migraine  
and  cluster  headaches.    
 Soln  After  
morning  &  
evening  meals,  
gargle  or  rinse  
mouth  for  30-­
60  sec  w/  1  
tbsp  of  
undiluted  soln  
(do  not  
swallow).  If  
continued  
Orofar   Isolated  cases  of  skin  rash;;  
treatment  is  
(Benzoxonium  Cl   Pregnancy  &  lactation.  Not   occasional  &  transient  cases  
indicated,  the      
0.5  mg,  lidocaine   for  childn  <4  yr   of  mild  local  irritation  
soln  may  be  
HCl  0.5  mg)    
used  more  
often  or  may  
be  replaced  by  
loz  during  the  
day.  Childn  >4  
yr  Dose  should  
be  reduced.  
Max:  6  loz/day.  
Use  only  1  tsp  
of  soln  to  rinse  
or  gargle  
Documented  
hypersensitivity;;  pregnant  
patients  with  severe  
toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal  
Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions   positions,  and  a  contracting  
and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
Xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
Oxytocin   vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  
    urinary  retention,  allergic  
(Syntocinon)   control  postpartum  bleeding  or   in  which  vaginal  delivery  
reactions,  skin  reactions  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   should  be  avoided,  such  as  
myometrial  tonus   invasive  cervical  carcinoma,  
cord  presentation  or  
prolapse,  active  herpes  
genitalis,  total  placenta  
previa,  and  vasa  previa  
Pancreatin  corrects  the  fermentative  and  
putrefactive  process  that  are  the  main  
Hypersensitivity  reactions  
Pankreatoflat   causes  of  pathological  formation  of  gas.  
170/80  mg  tab   have  been  reported;;  these  
(Pancreatin,   Activated  dimethylpolysiloxane      
OD   may  be  sneezing,  lacrimation  
dimethicone)   eliminates  foam,  facilitating  the  
or  skin  rashes  
absorption  of  pathological  accumulation  
of  gas  in  the  intestine  
 Chest  pain  (I.V.  <  or  =6%),  
Pain,  migraine,  anxiety,  
dizziness,  headache  (I.V.  
>1%)  Rash  (I.V.  6%),  pruritus  
(I.V.  4%)  Hyperglycemia  
(1%),  hyperlipidemia,  
Diarrhea  (4%),  constipation,  
dyspepsia,  gastroenteritis,  
nausea,  rectal  disorder,  
Safety  and  efficacy  not  
Inhibits  H+/K+  ATPase  pump  in  parietal   vomiting,  abdominal  pain  (I.V.  
Pantoprazole   established  beyond  16  
20-­40mg  1x  a   cells,  inhibiting  acid  secretion.  Also   12%),  Urinary  frequency,  
(Ulcepraz,   Proton  Pump  Inhibitor   weeks.  Prolonged  treatment  
day   reduces  in-­vitro  counts  of  H.  pylori  by   urinary  tract  infection,  Liver  
Pantoloc)   may  lead  to  Vit  B12  
more  than  4x  at  pH  of  4   function  test  abnormality,  
malabsorption  
increased  SGPT  Injection  site  
pain  (>1%)  Weakness,  back  
pain,  neck  pain,  arthralgia,  
hypertonia,  Bronchitis,  
increased  cough,  dyspnea,  
pharyngitis,  rhinitis,  sinusitis,  
upper  respiratory  tract  
infection,  Flu  syndrome,  
infection  
Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in  
500mg/tab,  
the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Anemia,  cardiac  &  
Paracetamol   250mg/5ml     Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic  
(Biogesic)   250~500mg   pains   disturbances  
from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ or  severe  renal  disease  
every  3~6hrs  
regulating  center  
Respiratory  depression,  
Head  injury,  increased   circulatory  depression,  resp.  
Exert  its  analegic  effects  by  the  same   intracranial  pressure,  acurte   arrest,  shock,  cardiac  arrest,  
Pethidine  HCl   For  moderate  to  severe  pain,  
25  mg  IV   mechanism  as  morphine,  by  acting  as  an   asthma,  atrial  flutter,   GI  disturbance.  Dizziness,  
(Demerol)   pre  op  medication,  analgesia  
agonist  at  the  u-­opioid  receptor.   convulsive  disorders,  acute   sedation,  headache,  
abdominal  conditions   dysphoria,  tremor,  agitation,  
hallucination,  disorientation  
Treatment  of  patients  with   Patients  with  altered  
Inhibitor  of  crystallization;;  used  in   renal  lithisis  &  hypocitraturia,   potassium  excretion  
treatment  of  patients  with  renal  lithiasis   chornic  formers  of  Ca   mechanism,   Slight  gastrointestinal  
and  hypocitraturia,  chronic  formers  of   oxalate,  phosphate  calculi.   hyperpotassemia  may   disorders  may  appear  which  
Potassium  citrate   1080  mg  /  
calcium  oxalate,  phosphate  calculi;;  uric   Uric  acid  lithiasis  alone  alone   appear.  In  patients  with   can  be  palliated  by  means  of  
(Acalka)   Tablet  TID  
acid  lithiasis  alone  or  accompanied  by   or  accompanied  by  Ca   renal  insufficiency,  an   concomitant  administration  
calcium  lithiasis,  and  renal  tubular   lithiasis.  Renal  tubular   increased  risk  of   with  food.  
acidosis  with  calcium  nephrolithiasis.   acidosis  with  Ca   appearance  of  
nephrolithiasis.   hyperpotassemia  
 Gram  negative  infection.   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Treatment  of  wide  range  of   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
infections  including  anthrax,   Headache,  dizziness,  
biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
500mg    /  tab   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
Cystic  fibrosis   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
Pregnancy  &  lactation,  
Prozine   20mg/kg,  max   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of   scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl   750mg  BID   supercoiled  DNA  and  promotes   exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
infections  
Gonorrhea   breakage  of  double-­stranded  DNA   fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
500mg  OD   gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
Inhibits  action  of  histamine  at  the  H2   Renal  impairment,  hepatic  
Ranitidine   Histamine  H2  Antagonist,   Headache,  dizziness,  nausea  
50mg  SIV  TID   receptor  site  located  primarily  in  the   impairment,  pregnancy,  
(Ulcin  /  Zantac)   Antiulcer   and  vomiting  
gastric  parietal  cells   lactation,  or  children  
Contraindicated  in  patients  
hypersensitive  to  drug  or  its  
components  and  in  those  
Headache,  asthenia,  fatigue,  
who  have  experienced  
dizziness,  hypertension,  leg  
asthma,  urticaria,  allergic  
edema,  sinusitis,  diarrhea,  
reactions  after  taking  aspirin  
Produces  anti-­inflammatory,  analgesic   dyspepsia,  epigastric  
Rofecoxib   or  other  NSAIDs.  Also  
50mg  tab  BID   and  antipyretic  effects,  possibly  by     discomfort,  heartburn,  
(Vioxx)   contraindicated  in  patients  
inhibiting  prostaglandin  synthesi   nausea,  abdominal  pain,  UTI,  
with  advanced  renal  disease  
back  pain,  bronchitis,  URTI,  
or  moderate  or  severe  
flu  syndrome      
hepatic  insufficiency  and  in  
 
pregnant  women  because  it  
may  cause  ductus  arteriosus  
to  close  prematurely  
Special  precaution  :  
Palpation,  tachycardia,  
Prevention  &  relief  from   coronary  insufficiency,  
2mg/tab,   increased  BP,  headache,  
bronchospasm  associated   cardiac  arrhythmias,  
Salbutamol   2mg/5ml  susp.   nervousness,  dizziness,  
  with  reversible  obstructive   hypertension,  convulsive  
(Asmalin)   1tab  TID,  2.5  ~   heartburn,  epistaxis,  cough,  
airway  disease  eg  bronchial   disorder,  hyperthyroidism,  
5ml  TID   GI  discomfort,  throat  irritation  
asthma   diabetes  mellitus;;  
&  tremor  
pregnancy,  lactation.  
Thyrotoxicosis,  inhaled  
Inhalant:  40   Threatened  abortion  during   salbutamol  prep  are  not  
micrograms/pu Beta  adrenergic  receptor  agonist  -­   Treatment  &  prevention  of   1st  or  2nf  trimesters  of   appropriate  for  managing  
Salbutamol   ff  aerosol   causes  bronchodilation   bronchial  asthma,  bronchitis,   pregnancy.  Toxaemia  of   premature  labour.  Pregnancy,  
(Ventolin)   Oral:  2,4  mg   Inhalational:  Onset  <  15  m,  dur  3-­4  h   emphysema  with  associated   pregnancy,  antepartum   lactation.  Acute  severe  
tablets;;  2   PO:  onset  <30m,  dur  4-­8  hours   reversible  airway  obstruction.   haemorrhage,  placenta   asthma.  Monitor  fluid  
mg/mL  syrup   praevia.   balance,  cardiorespiratory  
function  &  ECG  
 Statins  inhibit  the  enzyme  HMG-­CoA   The  most  common  side  effect  
reductase  which  is  the  rate  limiting  step   of  statins  is  in  the  
in  the  synthesis  of  cholesterol.  Intake  of   gastrointestinal  system,  with  
Simvastatin   10~80mg  tab  
statins  results  in  lowering  of  LDL  and       reports  of  constipation  and  
(Vidastat,  Zocor)   OD  
elevation  of  HDL.  Statins  have  been   nausea.  May  also  affect  the  
demonstrated  to  be  cardioprotective  and   liver,  causing  drug  induced  
reduces  risk  of  cardiovascular  events   hepatitis  
Overgrowth  of  non-­
GI  disturbances,  phlebitis,  
Sulbactam-­ susceptible  organism.  Check  
375  mg/tab   skin  rashes,  itching,  blood  
Ampicillin   Inhibition  of  cell  wall  synthesis     periodically  for  organ  system  
BID   disorders,  anaphylaxis,  
(Unasyn)   dysfunction  during  
superinfection  
prolonged  therapy  
Hypersensitivity  to  tramadol  
or  any  component  of  the  
tablets  or  Ampoule  solution.  
Binds  to  Mu  Opiate  receptors  in  the  brain  
50-­100mg   Patients  intoxicated  with   Most  common  side  effects  
Tramadol   and  spinal  cord,  which  alters  sensation  
every  4-­6   alcohol  or  other  sedating   are  CNS  related:  Headaches,  
(Dolotral,  Silverol,   and  response  to  pain.  Also  inhibits  
hours,  not  to     drugs   dizziness,  somnolence,  
TDL,  Tradonal,   reuptake  of  serotonin  and  
exceed   Use  with  extreme  precaution   vertigo.  May  cause  
Trama)   norepinephrine,  which  also  results  in  
400mg/day   among  patients  taking  other   vasodilaton  and  hypotonia  
alteration  in  pain  signal  transmission  
CNS  drugs  particularly  
sedatives  or  CNS  
depressants  
Acquired  defective  color  
vision,  active  intravascular  
250-­ clotting,  subarachnoid   Gastrointestinal  >10%  
Competitively  inhibits  activation  of   Menorrhagea,  Metrorrhagea,  
500mg/cap  1-­2   hemorrhage,  Concurrent   (nausea,  diarrhea,  vomiting),  
plasminogen  to  plasmin,  which  inhibits   valvular  heart  surgery,  GI  
Tranexamic  Acid   cap  TID/QID   factor  IX  complex  or  anti-­ Cardiovascular  and  Ocular  
fibrinolysis.  Also  inhibits  plasmin   hemorrhage,  Hereditary  
250-­500mg  IV   inhibitor  coagulant   1%  to  10%  (Hypotension,  
proteolytic  activity     angioneurotic  edema  
slow  push   concentrates,  patients  with   thrombosis,  blurred  vision)  
cardiovascular,  renal,  CVD,  
and  thromboembolic  disease  
Patients  with  known  
hypersensitivity  to  
Valdecoxib.  Patients  who  
Dry  mouth,  hypertension,  
have  demonstrated  allergic-­
peripheral  edema,  ,  
type  reactions  to  
Valdecoxib   20mg  /  tab   Inhibition  of  cyclooxygenase-­2  (COX-­2)   abdominal  fullness,  
  sulfonamides.  Patient  who  
(Bextra)   once  daily   pathway   abdominal  pain,  diarrhea,  
have  experienced  asthma,  
dyspepsia,  nausea,  anemia,  
urticaria,  allergic  type  
sinusitis,  rash  
reactions  after  taking  
NSAIDS  including  other  
COX-­2  inhibitors    
 Valproic  acid  and  its  derivative,  
divalproex,  are  oral  drugs  that  are  used  
for  the  treatment  of  convulsions,  
migraines  and  bipolar  disorder.  The   The  most  common  side  
active  ingredient  in  both  products  is   effects  with  valproic  acid  
Should  not  take  this  drug  if  
valproic  acid  or  valproate.  Scientists  do   therapy  are  drowsiness,  
you  have  liver  disease  or  
Valproic  acid   250mg,  15ml   not  know  the  mechanism  of  action  of   dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting,  
  your  liver  is  not  functioning  
(Depakene)   NGT  30ml/day   valproate.  The  most  popular  theory  is   indigestion,  diarrhea,  weight  
properly,  or  if  you  have  had  
that  valproate  exerts  its  effects  by   loss  and  tremors.  
an  allergic  reaction  to  it.  
increasing  the  concentration  of  gamma-­ Liver  injury,  pancreatitis  and  
aminobutyric  acid  (GABA)  in  the  brain.   abnormal  bleeding  
Gamma-­aminobutyric  acid  is  a  
neurotransmitter,  a  chemical  that  nerves  
use  to  communicate  with  one  anothe  
vincristine  and  other  vinca  alkaloids  exert   Neurotoxicity.  CNS  effects  eg  
their  cytotoxic  effects  by  binding  to   depression,  agitation,  
tubulin,  the  protein  subunit  of  the   insomnia,  hallucinations  &  
microtubles  that  form  the  mitotic  spindle.   episodes  of  altered  
Biliary  obstruction,  
Adult  0.4-­1.4   The  formation  of  vincristine-­tublin   consciousness.  Rare  
Vincristine   preexisting  neuropathies,  
mg/m2  BSA.   complexes  prevent  the  polymerization  of   hypersensitivity.  Leucopenia,  
(Alcavixin,   liver  dysfunction  or  jaundice  
Childn  1.5-­2   the  tubulin  subunits  into  microtublues   anemia,  thrombocytopenia.  
Biomedis   &  elderly.  Extravasation,  
mg/m2  BSA,   and  induces  depolymerization  of     GI  effects.  Hyperuricemia,  
Vincristine,   nephrotoxicity,  hepatic  
<10  kg  or  BSA   microtubules  resulting  in  inhibition  of   uric  acid  nephropathy,  
Nevexitin,  Pfizer   impairment.  Pregnancy,  
<1  m2  0.05   microtubule  assembly  and  cellular   polyuria,  dysuria  &  urinary  
Vincristine)   lactation.  Fatal  if  given  
mg/kg  wkly   metaphase  arrest.  In  high   retention  due  to  bladder  
intrathecally  
concentrations,  the  drug  also  exerts   atony.  Alopecia.  Increased  
complex  effects  on  nucleic  acid  and   urinary  Na  excretion.  
protein  synthesis.  Vincristine  exerts   Hypertension,  hypotension.  
some  immunosuppressive  activity   Fever,  headache  
Special  precaution  in  
Vitamin  A   pregnancy.  Excessive  doses  
25,000iu   Supplementation   Treatment  of  vit  A  deficiency    
Retinol  palmitate   may  lead  to  
hypervitaminosis  
Maintains  healthy  skin  &  
eyes.  Protects  against  
Vitamin  E  
artherosclerosis  &  CV  
DI-­a-­tocopheryl  
300iu,  400iu   Supplementation   disorders.  Improves  nerve      
acetate  
functions  &  prevents  onset  of  
(Mira  E  )  
neuromuscular  degenerative  
diseases  
Acetazolamide   250-­375   the  drug  forces  the  kidneys  to  excrete   Prophylaxis  of  high  altitude   Hypersensitivity  to   Drowsiness,  paraesthesia,  
mg/day   bicarbonate,  the  conjugate  base  of   sickness,  Acute  closed  angle   sulphonamides;;  sodium  or   ataxia,  dizziness,  thirst,  
250-­1000  mg   carbonic  acid.  By  increasing  the  amount   glaucoma,  Epilepsy   potassium  depletion,  hepatic   anorexia,  headache;;  
24  hrly   of  bicarbonate  excreted  in  the  urine,  the   insufficiency;;  hepatic   confusion,  malaise,  
8-­30   blood  becomes  more  acidic.  Acidifying   cirrhosis;;  hyperchloraemic   depression;;  GI  distress,  
mg/kg/day   the  blood  stimulates  ventilation,  which   acidosis;;  severe  renal   metabolic  acidosis,  polyuria,  
increases  the  amount  of  oxygen  in  the   impairment;;  severe   hyperuricaemia,  renal  calculi,  
blood   pulmonary  obstruction;;   nephrotoxicity,  hepatic  
chronic  noncongestive   dysfunction.  
angle-­closure  glaucoma;;   Potentially  Fatal:  Rarely,  skin  
adrenocortical  insufficiency.   reactions  or  blood  dyscrasias.  
 Pregnancy,  lactation  
Acetazolamide   250-­375   the  drug  forces  the  kidneys  to  excrete   Prophylaxis  of  high  altitude   Hypersensitivity  to    
mg/day   bicarbonate,  the  conjugate  base  of   sickness,  Acute  closed  angle   sulphonamides;;  sodium  or  
Drowsiness,  paraesthesia,  
250-­1000  mg   carbonic  acid.  By  increasing  the  amount   glaucoma,  Epilepsy   potassium  depletion,  hepatic   ataxia,  dizziness,  thirst,  
24  hrly   of  bicarbonate  excreted  in  the  urine,  the   insufficiency;;  hepatic   anorexia,  headache;;  
8-­30   blood  becomes  more  acidic.  Acidifying   cirrhosis;;  hyperchloraemic  
confusion,  malaise,  
mg/kg/day   the  blood  stimulates  ventilation,  which   acidosis;;  severe  renal  
depression;;  GI  distress,  
increases  the  amount  of  oxygen  in  the   impairment;;  severe  
metabolic  acidosis,  polyuria,  
blood   pulmonary  obstruction;;  
hyperuricaemia,  renal  calculi,  
chronic  noncongestive  angle-­
nephrotoxicity,  hepatic  
closure  glaucoma;;  
dysfunction.  
adrenocortical  insufficiency.   Potentially  Fatal:  Rarely,  skin  
Pregnancy,  lactation   reactions  or  blood  
dyscrasias.  
Acetylcysteine   600mg/200mg   Exerts  mucolytic  action  through  its  free   Acute  and  chronic  respiratory   Phenylketonurics   Rarely,  urticaria,  
(Fluimucil)   sulfylhydryl  group  which  opens  up  the   tract  infections  with  abundant   bronchospasm,  nausea  and  
disulfide  bonds  in  the  mucoproteins  thus   mucus  secretions.   vomiting.  
lowering  mucous  viscosity.  
Acetylsalicylic  acid   325  mg/tab  or   Antithrombotic,  analgesic/antipyretic   Prophylaxis  of   Use  with  caution  in  patients   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
(Aspirin)   80  mg/tab   Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting   thromboembolic  disorder;;   prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known   hypersensitivity  and  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity   prevention  of  MI  &  stroke   to  have  a  lesion  of  the   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;   gastric  mucosa.  Do  not  
reduces  fever  by  aacting  on  the  brain’s   administer  to  patients  with  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote   hemophilia  and  is  not  
vasodilation  and  sweating.   recommended  to  infants  <1  
year.  Caution  is  necessary  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated  
Acetylsalicylic  acid   325  mg/tab  or   Antithrombotic,  analgesic/antipyretic     Prophylaxis  of   Use  with  caution  in  patients   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
(Aspirin)   80  mg/tab   Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting   thromboembolic  disorder;;   prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known   hypersensitivity  and  
in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity   prevention  of  MI  &  stroke   to  have  a  lesion  of  the  gastric   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;   mucosa.  Do  not  administer  to  
reduces  fever  by  aacting  on  the  brain’s   patients  with  hemophilia  and  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote   is  not  recommended  to  
vasodilation  and  sweating.   infants  <1  year.  Caution  is  
necessary  when  renal  or  
hepatic  function  is  impaired  
and  particularly  in  children  
who  are  dehydrated  
Activated   40mg/  tab       Relieve  flatulence  by  dispersing   Accumulation  of  gas  in  the      
dimethicone  /   1tab  TID   and  preventing  formation  of  gas  pocket   GIT,  sensation  of  pressure  
Simethicone   in  the  GI  system   and  fullness  in  epigastrium;;  
(Disflatyl)   temporary  and  post  op  
meteorism;;  gastro-­cardiac  
syndrome,  in  preparation  for  
xray  exam  before  
gastroscopy  
Allopurinol   300mg  /  tab     Absorption  of  most  oral  penicillins  is     Pregnancy  &  lactation.   Rash  or  hypersensitivity  
(Allomaron,   Adult  2-­10   impaired  by  food  (except  amoxicillin),   Hepatic  or  renal  impairment   reactions  (discontinue).  Acute  
Allurase,   Alpurase,   mg/kg  BW/day.   and  should  be  administered  1-­2  hours   (reduce  dose).  Initiate   attack  of  gouty  arthritis  in  
Elavil,   Llanol,   Mild  100-­200   before  a  meal.  Intravenous  route  is   therapy  after  acute  gout   early  stages  of  therapy.  GI  
Lopric,   Lopurine,   mg  daily.   preferred  because  of  irritation  and  local   attack  has  subsided   disturbance.  Blood  &  
Loricid,  Purinase)   Moderately   pian  produced  by  the  intramuscular   lymphatic  system  disorders.  
severe  300-­ injection  of  large  doses.  Penicillin  is   Fever,  general  malaise,  
600  mg  daily   rapidly  excreted  by  the  kidney  into  the   headache,  vertigo,  ataxia.  
urine,  small  amounts  excreted  via  other  
routes  
Allopurinol   300mg  /  tab     Absorption  of  most  oral  penicillins  is     Pregnancy  &  lactation.   Rash  or  hypersensitivity  
(Allomaron,   Adult  2-­10   impaired  by  food  (except  amoxicillin),  and   Hepatic  or  renal  impairment   reactions  (discontinue).  
Allurase,  Alpurase,   mg/kg   should  be  administered  1-­2  hours  before   (reduce  dose).  Initiate   Acute  attack  of  gouty  arthritis  
Elavil,  Llanol,   BW/day.   a  meal.  Intravenous  route  is  preferred   therapy  after  acute  gout   in  early  stages  of  therapy.  GI  
Lopric,  Lopurine,   Mild  100-­200   because  of  irritation  and  local  pian   attack  has  subsided   disturbance.  Blood  &  
Loricid,  Purinase)   mg  daily.   produced  by  the  intramuscular  injection   lymphatic  system  disorders.  
Moderately   of  large  doses.  Penicillin  is  rapidly   Fever,  general  malaise,  
severe  300-­ excreted  by  the  kidney  into  the  urine,   headache,  vertigo,  ataxia.  
600  mg  daily   small  amounts  excreted  via  other  routes  
Almitrine   30mg/tab  q8   Almitrine  is  a  peripheral  chemoreceptor   Minor  age-­related   Concurrent  administration   Abdominal  discomfort,  
agonist  that  is  used  as  a  respiratory   neurological  disorders.  Some   with  MAOIs.   epigastric  distress,  peptic  
stimulant  in  acute  respiratory  failure  such   visual  disorders  related  to  the   ulceration,  headache,  
as  COPD.  It  is  believed  to  improve   circulation.  Some  disorders  of   nausea,  peripheral  
oxygenation  by  enhancing  the  ventilation   the  inner  ear  related  to  the   angioedema,  tinnitus,  edema.  
perfusion  mismatch.   circulation  
st
Ambroxol   Cap:  75mg   Causes  the  formation  of  qualitatively   Acute  &  chronic  diseases  of   1  trimester  of  pregnancy   Mild  GI  disturbance  eg  
1cap  TID   different  mucus  of  lower  viscosity  by  the   the  respiratory  tract  with   nausea,  vomiting  &  diarrhea  
Susp:   mucus-­secreting  cells  and  thus  leads  to   pathologically  thickened  
30mg/5ml   a  liquefaction  of  the  mucus  in  the  lumen   mucus  &  impaired  mucus  
0.5~5ml  TID   of  the  respiratory  tract   transport  
Ambroxol   30mg/5ml   a  secreolytic.  It  causes  the  formation  of   respiratory  tract  disease   mild  GI  effects  and  allergic   mild  GI  effects  and  allergic  
(Mucosolvan)   the    qualitative  different  mucus  of  the   associated  with  abnormal   reactions   reactions  
lower  mucus-­secreting  cells  and  thus   mucus  secretions,  especially  
leads  to  the  liquefication  of  the  mucus  in   in  exacerbation  of  asthmatic  
the  lumenof  the  respiratory  tract.   bronchitis  and  chronic  
bronchitis  
Ambroxol   30mg/5ml   a  secreolytic.  It  causes  the  formation  of   respiratory  tract  disease   mild  GI  effects  and  allergic   mild  GI  effects  and  allergic  
(Mucosolvan)   the    qualitative  different  mucus  of  the   associated  with  abnormal   reactions   reactions  
lower  mucus-­secreting  cells  and  thus   mucus  secretions,  especially  
leads  to  the  liquefication  of  the  mucus  in   in  exacerbation  of  asthmatic  
the  lumenof  the  respiratory  tract.   bronchitis  and  chronic  
bronchitis  
Amikacin     200mg  Thru   Inhibits  protein  synthesis  in  susceptible   For  bacterial  septicemia   Hypersensitivity  to  amino   Ototoxicity  and  
IM  OD   bacteria  by  binding  to  30s  ribosomal   including  neonatal  sepsis   glycosides   nephrotoxicity.  Rarely,  fever  
subunits   and  paresthesia  
Amino  acids   1.5-­2ml/kg   As  a  supplement  to  amino  acid  solutions     Monitor  hepatic  function  in    
(Dipeptiven)   BW/day,  max  3   or  an  amino  acid-­containing  infusion   patients  with  compensated  
wk   regimen  in  parenteral  nutrition  for   hepatic  insufficiency.  
hypercatabolic  or  hypermetabolic   Pregnancy  and  lactation  ,  
patients   children  
Amino  acids   1.5-­2ml/kg   As  a  supplement  to  amino  acid  solutions     Monitor  hepatic  function  in    
(Dipeptiven)   BW/day,  max   or  an  amino  acid-­containing  infusion   patients  with  compensated  
3  wk   regimen  in  parenteral  nutrition  for   hepatic  insufficiency.  
 hypercatabolic  or  hypermetabolic  patients   Pregnancy  and  lactation  ,  
children  
Amlodipine   5mg/tab  OD   Inhibits  Ca++  ions  from  the  entering  the   Hypertension,  Angina,   Known  sensitivity  to   Headache,  edema,  fatigue,  
(Amvasc)   “slow  channels”  of  select  voltage-­ myocardial  ischemia.  Reduce   dihydropyridines   somnolence,  nausea,  
sensitive  areas  of  vascular  smooth   the  risk  of  coronary   abdominal  pain,  flushing,  
muscle  and  myocardium  during   revascularization.   palpitations,  dizziness.  
depolarization,  producing  relaxation  of   Asthenia,  vasodilation  and  
coronary  vascular  smooth  muscle  and   epistaxis.  
coronary  vasodilation;;  increases  
myocardial  oxygen  delivery  in  patients  
with  vasospastic  angina.  
Amlodipine   5mg/tab  OD   Inhibits  Ca++  ions  from  the  entering  the   Hypertension,  Angina,   Known  sensitivity  to   Headache,  edema,  fatigue,  
(Norvasc)   “slow  channels”  of  select  voltage-­ myocardial  ischemia.  Reduce   dihydropyridines   somnolence,  nausea,  
sensitive  areas  of  vascular  smooth   the  risk  of  coronary   abdominal  pain,  flushing,  
muscle  and  myocardium  during   revascularization.   palpitations,  dizziness.  
depolarization,  producing  relaxation  of   Asthenia,  vasodilation  and  
coronary  vascular  smooth  muscle  and   epistaxis.  
coronary  vasodilation;;  increases  
myocardial  oxygen  delivery  in  patients  
with  vasospastic  angina.  
Amoclav   1  g  tab  once  a   Inhibit  cell  wall  synthesis.  Beta     Contraindicated  in  patients   Diarrhea,  nausea,  skin  
Clavulanic   acid   –   day   lactamase  inhibitor  and  protect   with  penicillin   rashes,  urticaria,  vaginitis,  
Amoxicillin   hydrolysable  penicillins  from  inactivation.   hypersensitivity.   abdominal  discomfort,  
Superinfections  involving   flatulence,  headache  
pseudomonas  or  candida.  
Pregnancy  and  lactation  
Amoxicillin   500  mg/  cap   Inhibit  cell  wall  synthesis.  Beta   Respiratory  tract,  skin  &  soft   Contraindicated  in  patients   Effects:  diarrhea,  nausea,  
P.O   lactamase  inhibitor  and  protect   tissue  infections   with  penicillin   skin  rashes,  urticaria,  
hydrolysable  penicillins  from  inactivation.   hypersensitivity.   vaginitis,  abdominal  
Superinfections  involving   discomfort,  flatulence,  
pseudomonas  or  candida.   headache  
Pregnancy  and  lactation.  
Amoxicillin   500  mg/  cap   Inhibit  cell  wall  synthesis.  Beta  lactamase   Respiratory  tract,  skin  &  soft   Contraindicated  in  patients   Effects:  diarrhea,  nausea,    
P.O   inhibitor  and  protect  hydrolysable   tissue  infections   with  penicillin   skin  rashes,  urticaria,  
penicillins  from  inactivation.   hypersensitivity.   vaginitis,  abdominal  
Superinfections  involving   discomfort,  flatulence,  
pseudomonas  or  candida.   headache  
Pregnancy  and  lactation.  
Amoxiclav   1  g  tab  once  a   Inhibit  cell  wall  synthesis.  Beta  lactamase     Contraindicated  in  patients   Diarrhea,  nausea,  skin  
Clavulanic  acid  -­   day   inhibitor  and  protect  hydrolysable   with  penicillin   rashes,  urticaria,  vaginitis,  
Amoxicillin   penicillins  from  inactivation.     hypersensitivity.   abdominal  discomfort,  
Superinfections  involving   flatulence,  headache  
pseudomonas  or  candida.  
Pregnancy  and  lactation  
Ampicillin     Ampicillin  acts  as  a  competitive  inhibitor   Respiratory  tract  infections,   Hypersensitivity  to  drugs,   itching,  nausea,  vomiting,  
of  the  enzyme  transpeptidase.   bacterial  meningitis,   pseudomembranous  colitis   candidiasis,  fatigue,  malaise,  
Transpeptidase  is  needed  by  bacteria  to   septicemia  and  endocarditis,   headache,  chest  pain,  
make  their  cell  walls   urinary  tract  infections,   flatulence,  abdominal  
gastrointestinal  infections,   distension,  glossitis,  urine  
retention,  dysuria,  edema,  
facial  swelling,  erythema,  
 chills,  tightness  in  throat,  
substernal  pain,  epistaxis  and  
mucosal  bleeding.  
 
Ampicillin   100mg  Thru   Inhibit  cell  wall  synthesis.  Beta  lactamase    Treatment  of  infections   Contraindicated  in  patients   Diarrhea,  nausea,  skin  
IM  Q12   inhibitor  and  protect  hydrolysable   caused  by  susceptible  gm+ve   with  penicillin   rashes,  urticaria,  vaginitis,  
penicillins  from  inactivation.     and  gm-­ve  microorganism   hypersensitivity.   abdominal  discomfort,  
Superinfections  involving   flatulence,  headache  
pseudomonas  or  candida.    
 
 
Ascorbic  acid   500  mg/  tab   Necessary  for  collagen  formation  and   Prevent  and  treat  scurvy   Hyperoxaluria   None  
tissue  repair;;  involved  in  some  oxidation-­
reduction  reactions  as  well  as  other  
metabolic  pathways  
Asparaginase   Adults  and   Asparaginase  interferes  with  malignant   Induction  of  remissions  in   Hypersenstivity.    Pregnancy:   Nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  
(Elspar,   Oncaspar,   children:  200   cell  growth  by  breaking  down  asparagine   acute  lymphoblastic   Use  only  if  potential  benefit   fever,  abdominal  pain,  
Erwinase)   IU/KG   to  aspartic  acid  and  ammonia  as   leukaemia   justifies  risk  to  the  fetus   hyperglycaemia  leading  to  
intravenously   leukemic  cells  are  unable  to  synthesise   Breast  Feeding:  Discontinue   coma,  hypersensitivity,  renal  
daily  for  28   asparagine  and  depends  on  exogenous   nursing  or  the  drug   damge,  coagulation  defects,  
days   source  of  asparagine  for  survival.  It  acts   thrombosis,  CNS  depression  
on  the  G1  phase  of  the  cell  cycle.   or  hyperexcitability,  acute  
hemorrhagic  pancreatitis  
Asparaginase   Adults  and       Hypersenstivity.    Pregnancy:   Nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  
(Elspar,  Oncaspar,   children:  200   Use  only  if  potential  benefit   fever,  abdominal  pain,  
Erwinase)   IU/KG   justifies  risk  to  the  fetus   hyperglycaemia  leading  to  
intravenously   Breast  Feeding:  Discontinue   coma,  hypersensitivity,  renal  
daily  for  28   nursing  or  the  drug   damge,  coagulation  defects,  
days   thrombosis,  CNS  depression  
or  hyperexcitability,  acute  
hemorrhagic  pancreatitis  
Atenolol   250mg/tab   Competitively  and  selectively  blocks   Hypertension,  angina   Metabolic  acidosis,  sinus   Heart  failure,  heart  block  and  
stimulation  of  beta1-­adrenergic  receptor   pectoris,  cardiac  arrhythmia,   bradycardia,  partial  heart   bronchospasm  
within  vascular  smooth  muscle  to   MI,  prophylaxis  of  migraine.   block  
produce  negative  chronotropic  and  
positive  inotropic  activity.  It  also  
decreases  RAAS  at  high  doses  and  
inhibits  beta2-­receptors  in  brochial  
system  at  higher  doses.  
Atorvastatin  Ca   10  mg/tab   Inhibitor  of  HMG-­CoA  reductase,  the  rate   Reduction  of  elevated  total  &   Active  liver  disease,   Nausea  &  vomiting,  diarrhea  
Lipitor   limiting  enzyme  in  cholesterol  synthesis,   LDL  cholesterol   pregnancy  and  lactation.   abdominal  pain,  constipation,  
result  in  compensatory  increase  in   apolipoprotein  B  &   dyspepsia,  flatulence,  
expression  of  LDL  receptors  on   triglycerides  &  increase  HDL   headache,  myalgia,  insomnia,  
hepatocyte  membranes  &  stimulation  of   cholesterol  in  patients  with   muscle  cramps,  peripheral  
LDL  catabolism   primary   edema  
hypercholesterolemia.  
Atorvastatin  Ca   10  mg/tab   Inhibitor  of  HMG-­CoA  reductase,  the  rate      primary   Active  liver  disease,   Nausea  &  vomiting,  diarrhea  
Lipitor   limiting  enzyme  in  cholesterol  synthesis,   hypercholesterolemia.   pregnancy  and  lactation.   abdominal  pain,  constipation,  
result  in  compensatory  increase  in   dyspepsia,  flatulence,  
expression  of  LDL  receptors  on   headache,  myalgia,  
hepatocyte  membranes  &  stimulation  of   insomnia,  muscle  cramps,  
 LDL  catabolism   peripheral  edema  
Atropine   1amp  q3min   Blocks  the  action  of  acetylcholine  at   Premd  to  general  anesth,  to   Prostate  enlargement,   Dryness  of  the  mouth  &  skin,  
parasympathetic  sites  in  smooth  muscle,   counteract  muscarinic  effects   paralytic  ileus,  pyloric   thirst,  reduced  bronchial  
secretory  glands  and  the  CN;;  Increases   of  anticholinesterases,   stenosis,  angle-­closure   secretions,  mydriasis,  
cardiac  output,  dries  secretions,   aystole  &  electromechanical   glaucoma  &  narrow  angle   cycloplegia,  photophobia,  
antagonizes  histamine  and  seotonin   dissociation,  bradycardia,   between  iris  &  cornea.   flushing,  transcient  
antidote  to  organophosphate   Childrn  with  high  ambient   bradycardia  then  tachycardia,  
poisoning,  antidote  to   temp.   palpitations,  arrhythmia,  
cholinomimetic  poisoning   difficulty  in  micturition,  
constipation,  hyperthermia  
Atropine  sulfate   1  drop  3  times   mechanism  of  action  involves  blocking   Mydriasis  &/or  cycloplegia.   Primary  glaucoma  or  a   Prolonged  use  may  produce  
a  day  at  left   the  contraction  of  the  circular  pupillary   For  cycloplegic  refraction,  for   tendency  toward  glaucoma.   local  irritation.  
eye   sphincter  muscle,  which  is  normally   pupillary  dilation  desired  in   Hypersensitivity.  
stimulated  by  acetylcholine  release,   acute  inflammatory  conditions  
thereby  allowing  the  radial  pupillary   of  the  iris  &  uveal  tract.  
dilator  muscle  to  contract  and  dilate  the  
pupil  
Azithromycin     500mg/tab  OD   Inhibits  RNA  dependent  protein   Respiratory  tract  infections,   hypersensitivity   GI  disturbances,  
(Zithromax)   synthesis  at  the  chain  elongation  step,   skin  and  soft  tissue  infections,   hypersensitivity,  angioedema,  
binds  to  the  50s  ribosomal  unit  resulting   otitis  media,  STD  due  to   anaphylaxis,  hearing  
in  blockage  of  transpeptidation   N.gonnorhea,  prophylFaxis   impairment,  abnormal  liver  
for  MAC  in  HIV,   function,  dizziness,  vertigo,  
reduced  cell  counts  
Azithromycin     500mg/tab  OD   Inhibits  RNA  dependent  protein   Respiratory  tract  infections,   hypersensitivity   GI  disturbances,  
(Zithromax)   synthesis  at  the  chain  elongation  step,   skin  and  soft  tissue  infections,   hypersensitivity,  angioedema,  
binds  to  the  50s  ribosomal  unit  resulting   otitis  media,  STD  due  to   anaphylaxis,  hearing  
in  blockage  of  transpeptidation   N.gonnorhea,  prophylaxis  for   impairment,  abnormal  liver  
MAC  in  HIV,   function,  dizziness,  vertigo,  
reduced  cell  counts  
Azithromycin   500mg/250mg   Inhibits  RNA-­dependent  protein   Upper  and  lower  respiratory   Hypersensitivity  to   Nausea,  abdominal  
dihydrate   synthesis  at  the  chain  elongation  step;;   tract  infections,  skin  and  soft   erythromycin  and  other   discomfort,  vomiting,  
binds  to  the  50s  ribosomal  unit  resulting   tissue  infections,  otitis  media,   macrolide  antibiotics.   flatulence,  diarrhea  and  loose  
in  blockage  of  transpeptidation.   STD  due  to  Chlamydia   stools.  
trachomatis  &  uncomplicated  
genital  infections  due  to  non-­
multiresistant  Neisseria  
gonorrhoeae.  
Bacillus  clausal   2billion/5ml   Antidiarrheal   Treatment  of  acute  diarrhea   N/A   N/A  
(Erceflora)   Adult  :  2~3   with  duration  of  ≤14  days  due  
vials/day,   to  infections,  drugs  or  poisons  
children  :   or  for  chronic  or  persistent  
1~2vials/day   diarrhea  with  duration  of  ≥14  
days  
Bacillus  clausal   2billion/5ml   Antidiarrheal   Treatment  of  acute  diarrhea   N/A   N/A  
(Erceflora)   Adult  :  2~3   with  duration  of  ≤14  days  due  
vials/day,   to  infections,  drugs  or  
children  :   poisons  or  for  chronic  or  
1~2vials/day   persistent  diarrhea  with  
duration  of  ≥14  days  
Betahistine  diHCl     8  mg  1-­2  tab   Anti-­histamine  with  specific  cellular   Meniere’s  disease,  Meniere-­ Pheochromocytoma,   Mild  gastric  symptoms,  rash,  
(Serc)   TID   receptors  located  ont  the  surface   like  syndrome  characterized   bronchial  asthma,  history  of   pruritus,  urticaria  
 membrane   by  attacks  of  vertigo,  tinnitus   peptic  ulcer  
&  sensorineural  deafness,  
peripheral  vertigo  
Bethanecol     Stimulates  muscarinic  acetylcholine        
Chloride   receptors  directly;;  mimics  effects  of  
(Uriflow)   parasympathetic  system  stimulation;;  
stimulates  gastric  motility,  micturition;;  
increases  lower  esophageal  sphincter  
pressure  
Bisacodyl   1-­2  tab  at  night   Stimulates  enteric  nerves  to  cause   Constipation.    Preparation  for   Ileus,  intestinal  obstruction,   Rarely,  abdominal  discomfort  
(Dulcolax)   colonic  mass  movements   radiography,  antepartum,   acute  surgical  abdominal   and  diarrhea  
postpartum  care,  preparation   conditions,  severe  
for  sigmoidoscopy  or   dehydration  
protoscopy  or  colonoscopy,  
hemorrhoids  and  anal  
fissures  
Bisacodyl   10mg/supp   Rarely,  abdominal  discomfort  &   Constipation.  Prep  for   Ileus,  intestinal  obstruction,   Rarely,  abdominal  discomfort  
(Dulcolax)   5mg  sup   diarrhoea.   radiography;;  antepartum  &   acute  surgical  abdominal   &  diarrhoea.  
5mg/tab   postpartum  care;;  prep  for   conditions;;  severe  
sigmoidoscopy  or   dehydration.  Appendicitis  &  
proctoscopy;;  colonoscopy;;   acute  inflammatory  bowel  
hemorrhoids  &  anal  fissures.   diseases  
All  conditions  w/c  require  
defacation  to  be  facilitated.  
Brimonidine  tartrate   1  drop  every   combines  reversibly  with  a  part  of  the  cell   for  the  reduction  of  elevated   in  patients  with   Very  common  (>1/10):  
2.0  mg/mL  and   12  hours   membrane,  the  beta-­adrenergic  receptor,   intraocular  pressure  in   hypersensitivity  to  any   conjunctival  hyperaemia,  
Timolol  5.0  mg/mL   and  thus  inhibits  the  usual  biological   patients  with  open  angle   component  of  this   burning  sensation.  
eye  drops   response  that  would  occur  with   glaucoma  or  ocular   medication,  in  patients   Common  (>1/100,  <1/10):  
(COMBIGAN)   stimulation  of  that  receptor.   hypertension  not  adequately   receiving  monoamine   stinging  sensation  in  the  eye,  
predominant  action  may  be  related  to   responding  to  monotherapy.   oxidase  (MAO)  inhibitor   eye  pruritus,  allergic  
reduced  aqueous  formation.    A  slight   therapy,  in  patients  with   conjunctivitis,  conjunctival  
increase  in  outflow  facility  was  also   bronchospasm,  bronchial   folliculosis,  visual  
observed.   asthma  or  patients  with  a   disturbance,  blepharitis,  
  history  of  bronchial  asthma,   epiphora,  corneal  erosion,  
or  severe  chronic  obstructive   superficial  punctate  keratitis,  
pulmonary  disease,  in   eye  dryness,  eye  discharge,  
patients  with  sinus   eye  pain,  eye  irritation,  
bradycardia,  second  or  third   foreign  body  sensation.  
degree  atrioventricular  
block,  overt  cardiac  failure  or  
cardiogenic  shock.  
Brimonidine  tartrate   1  drop  every   combines  reversibly  with  a  part  of  the  cell   for  the  reduction  of  elevated   in  patients  with   Very  common  (>1/10):  
2.0  mg/mL  and   12  hours   membrane,  the  beta-­adrenergic  receptor,   intraocular  pressure  in   hypersensitivity  to  any   conjunctival  hyperaemia,  
Timolol  5.0  mg/mL   and  thus  inhibits  the  usual  biological   patients  with  open  angle   component  of  this   burning  sensation.  
eye  drops   response  that  would  occur  with   glaucoma  or  ocular   medication,  in  patients   Common  (>1/100,  <1/10):  
(COMBIGAN)   stimulation  of  that  receptor.   hypertension  not  adequately   receiving  monoamine   stinging  sensation  in  the  eye,  
predominant  action  may  be  related  to   responding  to  monotherapy.   oxidase  (MAO)  inhibitor   eye  pruritus,  allergic  
reduced  aqueous  formation.    A  slight   therapy,  in  patients  with   conjunctivitis,  conjunctival  
increase  in  outflow  facility  was  also   bronchospasm,  bronchial   folliculosis,  visual  
observed.   asthma  or  patients  with  a   disturbance,  blepharitis,  
  history  of  bronchial  asthma,   epiphora,  corneal  erosion,  
 or  severe  chronic  obstructive   superficial  punctate  keratitis,  
pulmonary  disease,  in   eye  dryness,  eye  discharge,  
patients  with  sinus   eye  pain,  eye  irritation,  
bradycardia,  second  or  third   foreign  body  sensation.  
degree  atrioventricular  
block,  overt  cardiac  failure  or  
cardiogenic  shock.  
Bromazepam     1.5  mg/tab  TID   Binds  to  stereo  specific  benzodiazepine   Anxiety  &  tension  state,   Early  pregnancy,  lactation,   Acute  anxiety,  hallucinations,  
(Lexotan)     receptors  on  the  post  synaptic  GABA   depressive  mood,  nervous   myasthenia  gravis   excitation.  
neuron  at  the  several  sites  within  the   tension,  agitation,  insomnia,  
CNS.  Enhancement  of  the  inhibitory   functional  state  of  CV  &  
effect  of  GABA  on  neuronal  excitability   respiratory  system.  Adjuvant  
results  by  increased  neuronal  membrane   to  psychotherapy  in  
permeability  to  chloride  ions.   psychoneurosis  
Bromazepam     1.5  mg/tab  TID   Binds  to  stereo  specific  benzodiazepine   Anxiety  &  tension  state,   Early  pregnancy,  lactation,   Acute  anxiety,  hallucinations,  
(Lexotan)     receptors  on  the  post  synaptic  GABA   depressive  mood,  nervous   myasthenia  gravis   excitation.  
neuron  at  the  several  sites  within  the   tension,  agitation,  insomnia,  
CNS.  Enhancement  of  the  inhibitory   functional  state  of  CV  &  
effect  of  GABA  on  neuronal  excitability   respiratory  system.  Adjuvant  
results  by  increased  neuronal  membrane   to  psychotherapy  in  
permeability  to  chloride  ions.   psychoneurosis  
Bromazepam   Adult:  Initially,   Bromazepam  is  a  benzodiazepine  with   Anxiety   Preexisting  CNS  depression   Drowsiness,  sedation,  muscle  
6-­18  mg  daily   general  properties  similar  to  diazepam.  It   or  coma,  resp  depression,   weakness  and  ataxia;;  less  
in  divided   is  used  in  the  treatment  of  anxiety   acute  pulmonary   frequently  vertigo,  headache,  
doses.  Doses   occuring  alone  or  associated  with   insufficiency  or  sleep  apnea;;   confusion,  depression,  
up  to  60  mg   insomnia.   severe  hepatic  impairment;;   slurred  speech,  changes  in  
daily  have   not  indicated  for  chronic   libido,  tremor,  visual  
been  used.   psychosis,  phobic  or   disturbances,  urinary  
Elderly:  Max   obsessional  states;;  may   retention,  GI  disturbances,  
initial  dose:  3   precipitate  suicide  or   changes  in  salivation  and  
mg  daily.   aggressive  behavior,  not   amnesia;;  rarely,  jaundice,  
used  alone  to  treat   blood  disorders  and  
depression  or  anxiety   hypersensitivity  reactions;;  
associated  with  depression;;   pain  and  thrombophlebitis;;  
glaucoma.   raised  liver  enzyme  values;;  
paradoxical  excitation.  
Bromazepam     1.5  mg/tab  TID   Binds  to  stereo  specific  benzodiazepine   Anxiety  &  tension  state,   Early  pregnancy,  lactation,   Acute  anxiety,  hallucinations,  
Lexotan     receptors  on  the  post  synaptic  GABA   depressive  mood,  nervous   myasthenia  gravis   excitation.  
neuron  at  the  several  sites  within  the   tension,  agitation,  insomnia,  
CNS.  Enhancement  of  the  inhibitory   functional  state  of  CV  &  
effect  of  GABA  on  neuronal  excitability   respiratory  system.  Adjuvant  
results  by  increased  neuronal  membrane   to  psychotherapy  in  
permeability  to  chloride  ions.   psychoneurosis  
Bromazepam   1.5-­3  mg  up  to   Bromazepam  is  a  "classical"   Anxiety  &  tension  states,   Early  pregnancy,  lactation.   Acute  anxiety,  hallucinations,  
(Lexotan)   tid   benzodiazepine.     depressive  mood,  nervous   Myasthenia  gravis   insomnia  or  excitation.  
6-­12  mg  bid-­tid   tension,  agitation  &  insomnia.  
Adjuvant  to  psychotherapy  in  
psychoneurosis  
Budesonide   200  mcg  once     Bronchial  asthma   Pulmonary  TB  &  other   Aggression,  excitement  &  
a  day  BID.   bacterial  diseases;;  airway   hyperactivity  may  occur.  
fungal  infections;;  status  
 asthmaticus.  
Bumetanide   0.5mg/IV   Acts  in  the  thick  ascending  limb  of  the   Hypertension,  Edema   Anuria,  hepatic  coma,   Electrolyte  imbalance  in  
(Burinex)   4mg/tab   loop  on  Henle,  where  it  inhibits  the   associated  with  CHF.   severe  electrolyte  depletion.   prolonged  treatment.  
cotransport  of  sodium,  potassium  and   Hepatic/Renal  diseases   Concurrent  administration   Muscular  cramps.  Skin  
chloride;;  decreases  uric  acid  secretion;;   including  nephrotic  syndrome   with  Li.   rashes.  
and  cause  no  change  In  urinary  pH.   and  acute  pulmonary  edema.  
Calcium  Gluconate   Amp   Replaces  and  maintains  body  calcium,  a   Hypocalcemic   tetany   or     Overdosage   may   produce  
100mg/mL   cation   needed   for   maintenance   of   hyperkalemia  and  parathyroid   serious  cardiac  effects  
nervous,   muscular,   skeletal   systems,   tetany.   Mg   intoxication   to  
enzyme   reactions,   normal   cardiac   counteract   resp   paralysis.  
contractility,  coagulation  of  blood;;  affects   Necessary   for   proper   nerves  
secretory   activity   of   endocrine,   exocrine   and   muscles   function,   blood  
glands   clot,  normal  cardiac  function.  
Calcium   5g  sachet   Is  a  calcium-­type  resin   Hyperkalemia  resulting  from   Careful  administration  in   Constipation,  anorexia,  and  
polystyrene   acute  or  chronic  renal  failure.   patients  with   nausea.  
sulfonate   hyperparathyroidism  and  
(Kalimate)   multiple  myeloma.  
Candesartan   8mg,  16mg   Blocks  the  vasoconstrictor  and   Headache,  URTI,  backpain,  
tablets   aldosterone  secreting  effects  of   Pregnancy.  Severe  or  end-­ dizziness,  nausea  
angiotensin  II;;  selectively  blocks  the   Hypetension   stage  renal  impairment,  
binding  of  angiotensin  II  to  the  AT1   children  
receptor  found  in  the  tissues.  
Captopril  (Capotec)   25mg/tab   Is  an  ACE-­inhibitor  which  converts   For  treatment  of   Patients  with  hypersensitivity   GI  symptoms  
angiotensin  I  to  angiotensin  II.   hypertension,  CHF.   to  the  drug  and  who  
experienced  angioedema  
during  ACE  drug  therapy.  
Carvedilol     Is  a  multiple  action  neurohormonal   Management  of  essential   Patients  with  NYHA  Class  IV   Dizziness,  headache,  fatigue,  
(Dilatrend)   antagonist  consisting  of  nonselective   hypertension.  Treatment  of   decompensated  heart  failure   bradycardia,  skin  reactions,  
beta  and  alpha  blockade,  and  antioxidant   angina  pectoris.  Treatment  of   requiring  intravenous   GI  upset  
properties.   symptomatic  CHF.   inotropic  support;;  asthma;;  
nd rd
COPD;;  2  and  3  degree  
AV  block;;  severe  
bradycardia;;  cardiogenic  
shock;;  sick  sinus  syndrome  
Cefalexin   500mg/cap   Cephalexin,  like  the  penicillins,  is  a  beta-­ UTI,  respiratory  tract  illness,   Hypersensitivity  to   fever,  headache,lethargy,  
lactam  antibiotic.  By  binding  to  specific   skin  and  soft  tissue  infections,   cephalosporins    or  penicillins   paresthesia,  syncope,  
penicillin-­binding  proteins  (PBPs)  located   seizures,  edema,  
first  line  treatment  for  cellulitis  
inside  the  bacterial  cell  wall,  it  inhibits  the   hypotension,vasodilation,  
third  and  last  stage  of  bacterial  cell  wall   palpitations,  chest  pain,  
synthesis.  Cell  lysis  is  then  mediated  by     hearing  loss,  nausea,  
bacterial  cell  wall  autolytic  enzymes  such   vomiting,  diarrhea,  abdominal  
as  autolysins;;  it  is  possible  that   cramps,  oral  candidiasis,  
cephalexin  interferes  with  an  autolysin   pseudomembranous  colitis    
inhibitor.   vaginal  candidiasis  
nephrotoxicity,  lymphocytosis,  
eosinophilia,  bleeding  
tendency,  hemolytic  anemia,  
neutropenia,  
thrombocytopenia,  
agranulocytosis,  joint  pain,  
dyspnea,  rash,  
 maculopapular  urticaria,  
superinfection,  chills,  pain,  
allergic  reaction,  
hypersensitivity  reactions  
anaphylaxis,  serum  sickness  

 
Cefazolin   0.5~1gram   Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   Bone  &  joint  infection,   Hypersensitivity  to   Shock,  hypersensitivity  
every  5~12   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   cephalosporin   reaction,  granulocytopenia,  
hours   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   meningitis,  otitis  media,   eosinophilia,  
Max  6g/day   those  of  the  penicillins   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   thrombocytopenia,  GI  
sinusitis,  skin  infection,   disturbance,  convulsion,  HA,  
surgical  infection,  UTI   dizziness,  malaise  
Cefazolin   0.5~1gram   Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   Bone  &  joint  infection,   Hypersensitivity  to   Shock,  hypersensitivity  
every  5~12   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   cephalosporin   reaction,  granulocytopenia,  
hours   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to  those   meningitis,  otitis  media,   eosinophilia,  
Max  6g/day   of  the  penicillins   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   thrombocytopenia,  GI  
sinusitis,  skin  infection,   disturbance,  convulsion,  HA,  
surgical  infection,  UTI   dizziness,  malaise  
Cefepime  (Axera)   1gm  IV   bacteriacidal  action  by  inhibiting  cell  wall   1.   Mild  to  moderate   Contraindicated   in   patients   CNS:  headache,  pain,  fever  
synthesis.   It’s   usually   active   against   urinary  tract  infections  caused   hypersensitive  to  drug,  other     CV:  phlebitis  
gram-­positive  microorganisms  such  as  S.   by  Escherichia  coli,  Klebsiella   cephalosporins,   penicillins,     GI:  colitis,  diarrhea,  
pneumoniae,   S.   aureus,   and   S.   pneumoniae,  or  Proteus   or   other   beta-­lactam   nausea,  vomiting,  oral  
pyogenes   and   gram-­negative   mirabilis,  including  cases   antibiotics.  Use  cautiously  in   candidiasis  
microorganisms   such   as   nterobacter   related  to  concurrent   patients   with   history   of   GI     GU:  vaginitis  
species,   E.   coli,   K.   pneumoniae,   P.   bacteremia  with  these   disease   (especially   colitis),     Skin:  rash,  pruritus,  
mirabilis,  and  P.  aueruginosa.   microorganisms.   impaired   renal   function,   or   urticaria  
2.   Severe  urinary  tract   poor  nutritional  status  and  in     Other:  inflammation  
infections  including   those   receiving   a   protracted  
pyelonephritis  caused  by  E.   course   of   antimicrobial  
coli  or  K.  pneumoniae.   therapy.  
3.   Moderate  to  severe  
pneumonia  caused  by  
Streptococcus  pneumoniae,  
Pseudomonas  aeruginosa,  K.  
pneumoniae,  or  Enterobacter  
species.  
4.   Moderate  to  severe  
uncomplicated  skin  and  skin-­
structure    infections  caused  
bu  Staphylococcus  aureus  
(methicillin-­susceptible  
strains)  or  Streptococcus  
pyogenes.  
5.   Empiric  therapy  in  
febrile  neutropenia  
6.   Uncomplicated  and  
complicated  urinary  tract  
infections,  uncomplicated  skin  
and  skin-­structure  infections,  
pneumonia.  
Cefixime  (Tergecef)   200mg/cap   Acts  by  inhibitng  cell  wall  synthesis.   Acute  bronchitis,   Hypersensitivity  to  penicillins   Shock,  anaphylactoid  
Bactericidal.   bronchiectasis  with  infection,   symptoms,  agranulocytosis,  
pneumonia,  sinusitis,   vomiting,  diarrhea,  abdominal  
pharyngitis,  cystitis,   pain  
cholangitis  
Cefoxitin  sodium   1g  IV  every  8   Active  against  g+  cocci  (pneumococci,   2nd  generation  cephalosporin   Patients  with  transient   Hypotension,  phlebitis,  
(Monowel)   hours   streptococci  and  staphylococci)  and  g-­   persistent  reduction  of   thrombophlebitis,  
organisms.  Active  against  B  fragilis  and   urinary  output  due  to  renal   pseudomembranous  colitis,  
some  Serratia  species  but  less  active   insufficiency.  Precaution   nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
against  H  influenzae.  Exhibit  in  vitro   when  used  for  neonates   acute  renal  failure,  transient  
activity  against  enterobacter  species,  but   neutropenia,  dyspnea,  
should  not  be  used  to  treat  infections   maculopapular  and  
caused  by  these  organisms  because   erythematous  rash,  urticaria,  
resistant  mutants  constitutively  express  a   hypersensitivity  reactions,  
chromosomal  beta-­lactamase  that   serum  sickness,  anaphylaxis,  
hydrolyzes  these  compounds  are  readily   fever  
selected.  
Cefoxitin  sodium   1g  IV  every  8   Active  against  g+  cocci  (pneumococci,   2nd  generation   Patients  with  transient   Hypotension,  phlebitis,  
(Monowel)   hours   streptococci  and  staphylococci)  and  g-­   cephalosporin   persistent  reduction  of   thrombophlebitis,  
organisms.  Active  against  B  fragilis  and   urinary  output  due  to  renal   pseudomembranous  colitis,  
some  Serratia  species  but  less  active   insufficiency.  Precaution   nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
against  H  influenzae.  Exhibit  in  vitro   when  used  for  neonates   acute  renal  failure,  transient  
activity  against  enterobacter  species,  but   neutropenia,  dyspnea,  
should  not  be  used  to  treat  infections   maculopapular  and  
caused  by  these  organisms  because   erythematous  rash,  urticaria,  
resistant  mutants  constitutively  express  a   hypersensitivity  reactions,  
chromosomal  beta-­lactamase  that   serum  sickness,  anaphylaxis,  
hydrolyzes  these  compounds  are  readily   fever  
selected.  
Ceftazidime   1  gm  vial   Bactericidal  in  action  by  inhibitng   Treatment  of  single  or   Patients  with  known   Diarrhea,  urticarial  rash,  pain  
(Tazidem)   bacterial  cell  wall  synthesis.   multiple  infections  caused  by   hypersensitivity  to   on  injection  site.  
susceptible  organisms.   cephalosporins  antibiotics.  
Ceftriaxone   1~2  g  once  a   Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   Lower  respiratory  tract.  Acute   Hypersensitivity  to   Hypersensitivity  reaction,  
daily   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   bacterial  otitis  media,  skin  &   cephalosporin   urticaria,  eosinophilia,  serum  
synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   skin  structure,  urinary  tract,   sickness-­like  fever,  
those  of  the  penicillins   meningitis  &  surgical   anaphylaxis,  neutropenia,  
prophylaxis   thrombocytopenia,  ATN,  
acute  intestinal  nephritis  
Ceftriaxone   1~2  g  once  a   Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   Lower  respiratory  tract.  Acute   Hypersensitivity  to   Hypersensitivity  reaction,  
daily   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   bacterial  otitis  media,  skin  &   cephalosporin   urticaria,  eosinophilia,  serum  
synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to  those   skin  structure,  urinary  tract,   sickness-­like  fever,  
of  the  penicillins   meningitis  &  surgical   anaphylaxis,  neutropenia,  
prophylaxis   thrombocytopenia,  ATN,  
acute  intestinal  nephritis  
 
 
 
Cefuroxime   500mg  every   Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   Bone  &  joint  infection,   hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   GI  disturbances,  occasionally  
(Zinnat)   12  hours   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   other  nitroimidazole   pseudomembranous  colitis;;  
IV,  oral   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to   meningitis,  otitis  media,   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   hypersensitivity  reactions.  
st
those  of  the  penicillins   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   1  trimester  of  pregnancy   Eosinophilia.  Headache.  
 sinusitis,  skin  infection,   Superinfection  or  eythema  
surgical  infection,  UTI   multiforme,  Stevens-­Johnson  
syndrome,  toxic  epidermal  
necrolysis  
Cefuroxime   500mg  every   Bind  to  PBPs  on  bacterial  cell   Bone  &  joint  infection,   hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   GI  disturbances,  occasionally  
(Zinnat)   12  hours   membranes  to  inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall   bronchitis,  gonorrhea,   other  nitroimidazole   pseudomembranous  colitis;;  
IV,  oral   synthesis  by  mechanisms  similar  to  those   meningitis,  otitis  media,   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   hypersensitivity  reactions.  
st
of  the  penicillins   peritonitis,  pharyngitis,   1  trimester  of  pregnancy   Eosinophilia.  Headache.  
sinusitis,  skin  infection,   Superinfection  or  eythema  
surgical  infection,  UTI   multiforme,  Stevens-­Johnson  
syndrome,  toxic  epidermal  
necrolysis  
Celecoxib   200  mg/tab  1   Is  a  nonsteroidal  anti-­inflammatory  drug   Treatment  of  signs  and   Patients  with  known   Abdominal  pain,  diarrhea,  
(Celebrex)   tab  OD   (NSAID)  that  exhibits  anti-­inflammatory,   symptoms  of  osteoarthritis   hypersensitivity  to  celecoxib   dyspepsia,  flatulence,  
analgesic  and  antipyretic  activities  due  to   and  rheumatoid  arthritis.   and  to  patients  who  have   nausea,  back  pain,  dizziness,  
inhibition  of  prostaglandin  synthesis.   Treatment  of  acute  pain.   experienced  asthma,   headache,  insomnia,  rashes.  
urticaria  or  allergic-­type  
reactions  after  taking  aspirin  
or  other  NSAIDS.  
Chlorphenamine   10  mg  IV   Competes  with  histamine  for  H1-­receptor   Allergy,  allergic  rhinitis,   Lower  resp  tract  disease.   Sedation,  lassitude,  elation  or  
maleate     sites  on  effector  cells  in  the   bronchial  asthma,  vasomotor   Newborn  or  premature   depression,  irritability,  
(Antamin)   gastrointestinal  tract,  blood  vessels,  and   rhinitis,  dermatoses  of  allergic   infatns   paranoid  psychosis,  delusion,  
respiratory  tract   etiology,  urticaria,  drug   hallucination.  Muscular  
sensitization,  serum  sickness,   weakness,  incoordination.  
anaphylactic  shock,  insect   GIT  disturbances.  Headache,  
bites   tinnitus.  Difficulty  in  
micturition.  CV  effects  
Chlorphenamine   10  mg  IV   Competes  with  histamine  for  H1-­receptor   Allergy,  allergic  rhinitis,   Lower  resp  tract  disease.   Sedation,  lassitude,  elation  or  
maleate     sites  on  effector  cells  in  the   bronchial  asthma,  vasomotor   Newborn  or  premature   depression,  irritability,  
(Antamin)   gastrointestinal  tract,  blood  vessels,  and   rhinitis,  dermatoses  of  allergic   infatns   paranoid  psychosis,  delusion,  
respiratory  tract   etiology,  urticaria,  drug   hallucination.  Muscular  
sensitization,  serum  sickness,   weakness,  incoordination.  
anaphylactic  shock,  insect   GIT  disturbances.  Headache,  
bites   tinnitus.  Difficulty  in  
micturition.  CV  effects  
Cilostazol  (Pletaal)   50mg  tab  OD   Inhibits  cellular  cyclic  AMP   Treatment  of  ischemic   Hemorrhage  in  upper  GIT,   Rash,  urticarial,  palpitation,  
phosphodiesterase  III  (PDE),  which   symptoms  including   UT,  hemoptysis  and  vitreous   tachycardia,  gastric  
result  to  increased  levels  of  cyclic  AMP.   ulceration,  pain,  coldness  of   body.  CHF.  Pregnancy  and   discomfort.  
Increase  in  the  level  of  cAMP  in  platelets   the  extremities  in  chronic   lactation.  History  of  
and  blood  vessels  causes  vasodilatation   arterial  occlusion.  Prevention   hypersensitivity.  
and  inhibition  of  platelet  aggregation   of  recurrence  of  cerebral  
caused  by  thrombin,  ADP,  collagen,   infarction  (excluding  
arachidonic  acid,  epinephrine  and  shear   cardiogenic  cerebral  
stress   embolism)  
Cinnarizine   25mg/tab  q12   Inhibits  contractions  of  vascular  smooth   Maintenance  therapy  of   Hypersensitivity   Somnolence  &  GI  
muscle  cells  by  blocking  calcium   labyrinthine  disorders,   disturbance.  Aggravation  or  
channels.  In  addition  to  this     cerebrovascular  origin,   appearance  of  extrapyramidal  
deformability  and  derdirect  calcium   migraine.  Prophylaxis  of   symptoms  (prolonged  use  in  
antagonism,  cinnarizine  decreases  the   motion  sickness,   the  elderly).  
contractile  activity  of  vasoactive   maintenance  therapy  for  
substances.  It  may  further  improve   symptoms  of  peripheral  
 deficient  microcirculation  by  increasing   circulation  disorders.  
erythrocyte  deformability  and  decreasing  
blood  viscosity.  Cellular  resistance  to  
hypoxia  is  increased.  Cinnarizine  inhibits  
stimulation  of  the  vestibular  system  
which  results  in  suppression  of  
nystagmus  and  other  autonomic  
disturbances.  Acute  episodes  of  vertigo  
can  be  prevented  or  reduced  by  
cinnarizine.  
Ciprofloxacin   500mg/tab  q12   Blocks  bacterial  DNA  synthesis  by   For  gram-­negative  bacterial   Hypersensitivity   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
(Ciprobay)   x  7  days   inhibiting  bacterial  topoisomerase  II   infections   Pregnancy  and  lactation   headache,  restlessness  ,rash  
(DNA  gyrase)  and  topoisomerase  IV   Intra-­abdominal  infections.  
  Respiratory  tract,  middle  ear,  
sinus,  eyes,  kidneys,  Urinary  
Tract  genital  abdomen,  skin  &  
soft  tissue  infections,  bone  &  
joints,  septicemia;;  infections  
in  patients  with  reduced  host  
defense  &  selective  intestinal  
decontamination  
inmmunocompromised  
patients  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl     500mg    /  tab   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   Gram  negative  infection.   Pregnancy  &  lactation,   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Prozine   Cystic  fibrosis   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of   Treatment  of  wide  range  of   methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
20mg/kg,  max   supercoiled  DNA  and  promotes   infections  including  anthrax,   infections   Headache,  dizziness,  
750mg  BID   breakage  of  double-­stranded  DNA   biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
Gonorrhea   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
500mg  OD   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl     500mg    /  tab   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   Gram  negative  infection.   Pregnancy  &  lactation,   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Prozine   Cystic  fibrosis   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of  supercoiled   Treatment  of  wide  range  of   methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
20mg/kg,  max   DNA  and  promotes  breakage  of  double-­ infections  including  anthrax,   infections   Headache,  dizziness,  
750mg  BID   stranded  DNA   biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
Gonorrhea   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
500mg  OD   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
Citicholine;;   200-­600  mg  for   Citicoline  increases  blood  flow  and  O2   Head  injury   hypersensitivity  reaction   Stomach  pain,  diarrhea;;  
cytidine  5'-­ head  injury   consumption  in  the  brain.  It  is  also   Cerebrovascular  disorders   Parasympathetic  hypertonia.   hypotension,  tachycardia,  
diphosphocholine   Cerebrovascul involved  in  the  biosynthesis  of  lecithin   Parkinsonism   bradycardia.  
  ar  disorders   Cerebrovascular  disorders  
Adult:  200-­600    
mg  daily  in  
divided  doses.  
Oral  
Parkinsonism  
Adult:  200-­600  
mg  daily  in  
divided  doses.  
Parenteral  
Citicholine;;   200-­600  mg   Citicoline  increases  blood  flow  and  O2   Head  injury   hypersensitivity  reaction   Stomach  pain,  diarrhea;;  
cytidine  5'-­ for  head  injury   consumption  in  the  brain.  It  is  also   Cerebrovascular  disorders   Parasympathetic  hypertonia.   hypotension,  tachycardia,  
diphosphocholine   Cerebrovascul involved  in  the  biosynthesis  of  lecithin   Parkinsonism   bradycardia.  
  ar  disorders   Cerebrovascular  disorders  
Adult:  200-­600    
mg  daily  in  
divided  doses.  
Oral  
Parkinsonism  
Adult:  200-­600  
mg  daily  in  
divided  doses.  
Parenteral  
Citicoline  Na   500mg/cap   A  derivative  of  choline  and   Cerebrovascular  disorder   Parasympathetic  hypertonia   Stomach  pain,  diarrhea,  
cytidineinvolved  in  the  synthesis  of   including  ischemic  stroke,   hypotension,  tachycardia,  
lecithin.  It  is  claimed  to  increase  blood   parkinsonism,  and  head  injury   bradycardia  
flow  and  oxygen  consumption  in  the  
brain.  
Clarithromycin   7.5  mg/kg  bid   Clarithromycin  prevents  bacteria  from   Upper  &  lower  resp  tract,   Known  hypersensitivity  to   Nausea,  vomiting,  dyspepsia,  
(Klaricid)   up  to  a  max   growing  by  interfering  with  their  protein   acute  otitis  media,  skin  &  soft   macrolides.  Concomitant   abdominal  pain,  taste  
500  mg  bid.   synthesis.  Clarithromycin  binds  to  the   tissue  infections.   use  of  clarithromycin  w/   perversion,  diarrhea,  
Usual  duration:   subunit  50S  of  the  bacterial  ribosome   Disseminated  or  localized   astemizole,  cisapride,   headache  &  skin  rash.  
5-­10  days   and  thus  inhibits  the  translation  of   mycobacterial  infections  due   pimozide,  terfenadine  &  
peptides.  Clarithromycin  has  similar   to  Mycobacterium  avium  or   ergotamine  or  
antimicrobial  spectrum  as  erythromycin   Mycobacterium  intracellulare   dihydroergotamine.  Patients  
but  is  more  effective  against  certain   receiving  terfenadine  
gram-­negative  bacteria,  particularly   therapy  w/  preexisting  
Legionella  pneumophila.  Besides  this   cardiac  abnormalities  or  
bacteriostatic  effect,  clarithromycin  also   electrolyte  disturbances  
has  bactericidal  effect  on  certain  strains  
such  as  Haemophilus  influenzae,  
Streptococcus  pneumoniae  and  
Neisseria  gonorrhoeae..  
Clarithromycin   7.5  mg/kg  bid   Clarithromycin  prevents  bacteria  from   Upper  &  lower  resp  tract,   Known  hypersensitivity  to   Nausea,  vomiting,  dyspepsia,  
(Klaricid)   up  to  a  max   growing  by  interfering  with  their  protein   acute  otitis  media,  skin  &  soft   macrolides.  Concomitant   abdominal  pain,  taste  
500  mg  bid.   synthesis.  Clarithromycin  binds  to  the   tissue  infections.   use  of  clarithromycin  w/   perversion,  diarrhea,  
Usual  duration:   subunit  50S  of  the  bacterial  ribosome   Disseminated  or  localized   astemizole,  cisapride,   headache  &  skin  rash.  
5-­10  days   and  thus  inhibits  the  translation  of   mycobacterial  infections  due   pimozide,  terfenadine  &  
 peptides.  Clarithromycin  has  similar   to  Mycobacterium  avium  or   ergotamine  or  
antimicrobial  spectrum  as  erythromycin   Mycobacterium  intracellulare   dihydroergotamine.  Patients  
but  is  more  effective  against  certain   receiving  terfenadine  
gram-­negative  bacteria,  particularly   therapy  w/  preexisting  
Legionella  pneumophila.  Besides  this   cardiac  abnormalities  or  
bacteriostatic  effect,  clarithromycin  also   electrolyte  disturbances  
has  bactericidal  effect  on  certain  strains  
such  as  Haemophilus  influenzae,  
Streptococcus  pneumoniae  and  
Neisseria  gonorrhoeae..  
Clindamycin   150-­300  mg  6   Inhibits  bacterial  protein  synthesis  by   Treatment  of  anaerobic,   Hypersensivity  drug  &   Diarrhea.  
hourly   binding  to  the  50S  subunit  of  the   staphylococcal  &  strepcoccal   lincomycin.  Pregnancy  &   Pseudomembranous  colitis  
ribosomes   infections  &  in  the  prophylaxis   lactataion.   may  develop.  Hypersensitivity  
of  endocarditis;;  it  is  also  used   reactions  including  skin  
in  the  treatment  of  acne  &   rashes,  uticaria  &  very  rare  
protozoal  infections  such  as   anaphylaxis.  Transient  
Pneumocytis  carnii   leucopenia  occasionally  
pneumonia  or  toxoplasmosis.   agranulocytosis,  eosinophilia,  
thrombocytopenia,  erythema  
multiforme  polyarthritis  &  
abnormalities  in  the  liver  
function  tests.  Jaundice  &  
hepatic  damage.  Local  
irritation  &  contact  dermatitis.  
Clonidine   Oral:   Partial  alpha-­2  antagonist.  Decrease     Decrease  dose  with  renal   Orthostatic  hypotension,  rash,  
(Catapres)   0.1,0.2,0.3  mg   preganglionic  sympathetic  outflow  from   insufficiency   drowsiness,  dry  mouth,  
tablets   brain  resulting  in  decrease  in  blood   constipation,  headache,  
Patche:   pressure   impaired  ejaculation  
release  
0.1,0.2,0.3  
mg/24  hrs  
Clonidine   Oral:   Partial  alpha-­2  antagonist.  Decrease     Decrease  dose  with  renal   Orthostatic  hypotension,  
(Catapres)   0.1,0.2,0.3  mg   preganglionic  sympathetic  outflow  from   insufficiency   rash,  drowsiness,  dry  mouth,  
tablets   brain  resulting  in  decrease  in  blood   constipation,  headache,  
Patche:   pressure   impaired  ejaculation  
release  
0.1,0.2,0.3  
mg/24  hrs  
Clopidogrel   75  mg  OD   Inhibits  platelet  aggregation  by   For  the  reduction  of   GI  bleeding,  mucocutaneous  
irreversibly  blocking  the  ADP  receptor  on   atherosclerotic  events   bleeding,  intracranial  and  
platelets.   evidenced  by  recent  stroke,   ocular  hemorrhage,  
Severe  liver  impairment,  
MI,  or  established  PAD.  For   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia,  
peptic  ulcer  and  intracranial  
the  treatment  of  nonST-­ rash,  pruritus.  
hemorrhage,  lactation,  
segment  elevation  acute  
 

patients  with  hereditary  

coronary  syndrome,  patients  
galactose  intolerance.  
undergoing  stent  placement  
following  PTCI  in  combination  
with  ASA  for  thrombolysis.  
Cloxacillin   Na   500mg  tab  q4   It  acts  as  a  competitive  inhibitor  of  the   Treatment  of  infections  due  to  
(oxacillin)   enzyme  transpeptidase.  Transpeptidase   staphylococci  resistant  to   Hypersensitivity  to  penicillins   Gi  disturbances  
is  needed  by  bacteria  to  make  their  cell   benzylpenicillin  including  
 walls   infection  of  skin  &  soft  tissue,  
bones  &  joints,  resp  &  urinary  
tacts,  otitis  media,  
endocarditis,  septicemia,  &  
meningitis  
Cloxacillin   Na   500mg  tab  q4   Treatment  of  infections  due  to  
(oxacillin)   staphylococci  resistant  to  
It  acts  as  a  competitive  inhibitor  of  the   benzylpenicillin  including  
enzyme  transpeptidase.  Transpeptidase   infection  of  skin  &  soft  tissue,  
Hypersensitivity  to  penicillins   Gi  disturbances  
is  needed  by  bacteria  to  make  their  cell   bones  &  joints,  resp  &  urinary  
walls   tacts,  otitis  media,  
endocarditis,  septicemia,  &  
meningitis  
Co-­amoxiclav   625mg  /  cap   Clavunate  blocks  the  beta  lactamae   Infections  of  the  upper  and   Hypersensitivity  to  penicillins   Side  effects  are  uncommon  
(Augmentin)   BID  or  TID   enzymes,  thus,  rendering  the  organisms   lower  respiratory  tract,  GUT,   and  cephalosphorins  or   and  mainly  of  a  mild  and  
sensitive  to  the  amoxicillin’s  rapid   skin  &  soft  tissue,  bone  &   other  allergen,  possible   transitory  nature  
bactericidal  effect  at  concentrations   joint,  septic  abortion,   cross  sensitivity  with  other  b-­
readily  attainable  in  the  body.   puerperal  sepsis,  intra-­ lactams.  History  of  penicillin-­
Clavunalate  by  itself  has  little  bactericidal   abdominal  sepsis,  dental   associated  cholestatic  
activity;;  however,  in  association  with   infection   jaundice-­hepatic  
amoxicillin,  it  produces  an  antibiotic   dysfunction.  
agent  of  broad  spectrum  
Co-­amoxiclav   625mg  /  cap   Clavunate  blocks  the  beta  lactamae       Side  effects  are  uncommon  
(Augmentin)   BID  or  TID   enzymes,  thus,  rendering  the  organisms   and  mainly  of  a  mild  and  
sensitive  to  the  amoxicillin’s  rapid   transitory  nature  
bactericidal  effect  at  concentrations  
readily  attainable  in  the  body.  
Clavunalate  by  itself  has  little  bactericidal  
activity;;  however,  in  association  with  
amoxicillin,  it  produces  an  antibiotic  agent  
of  broad  spectrum  
Colchicine   500mcg/tab   Facilitates   reduction   of   inflammation   due   Used   for   the   relief   of   acute   Should   not   be   given   SC   or   Diarrhea,   nausea,   vomiting  
to   urate   crystals,   through   decreased   gout  and  for  the  propylaxis  of   IM  injections   and   abdominal   pain.   Bone  
lactic   acid   production   of   leukocytes   acute   attacks,   particularly   marrow   depression   with  
resulting   from   the   drug’s   inhibition   of   during  the  first  few  months  of   agranulocytosis,  
leukocyte   migration   and   phagocytosis.   It   treatment   with   allopurinol   or   thrombocytopenia   and  
may   also   inhibit   the   synthesis   of   knins   uricosurics.   aplastic   anemia   have  
and   leukotrienes.   Although   not   an   occurred   on   prolonged  
analgesic,   reduction   of   inflammation   treatment   as   have   peripheral  
result   to   pain   relief.   As   an   antiosteolytic,   neuropathy,   myopathy,  
it   apparently   inhibits   mitosis   or   rashes  and  alopecia.  
osteoprogenitor   cells   and   decreases  
osteoclasts  activity.  
Cotrimoxazole   160mg/tabBID   SMZ  inhibits  formation  of  dihydrofolic   UTI,RTI,  skin  infections,   Liver  damage,pregnancy   GI  upsets  and  Steven  
acid  from  PABA,  TMP  inhibits   septicemia,  GUT  and  GIT   Johnson  Syndrome  
dihydrofolate  reductase  blocking  the   infections  
synthesis  of  tetrahydro  folic  acid  
Dexamethasone   5mg  IV   Decreases  inflammation  by  suppression   Cerebral  edema  due  to   Neonate  and  infant   Risk  of  osteoporosis  and  
of  migration  of  PMN  leukocytes  and   malignancy   spontaneous  fracture,  muscle  
reversal  of  increased  capillary   Severe  shock   wasting,  nitrogen  depletion,  
permeability  ;;  suppresses  normal   hyperglycemia  
 immune  response  
Dextromethorphan   TID   Controls  cough  by  depressing  the   Patients  at  risk  of  developing   Dizziness,  GI  disturbances.  
HBr   Guafenesin   medullary  cough  center   resp  failure.  During  an  acute  
(Robitussin  DM)     attack.  Patients  receiving  
Cough  suppressant.  
MAOI  or  for  2  wk  after  
discontinuing  them.  
Persistent  or  chronic  cough.  
Diazepam   5-­20  mg  OD   Facilitates  the  action  of  GABA-­A  in  the   Symptomatic  relief  of  anxiety,   Dependence  on  other   Mild  to  moderate  nausea,  
central  nervous  system  thereby  acts  in   agitation  and  tension,  as   substances  like  alcohol   vomiting,  abdominal  pain,  
preventing  spasticity.   adjunct  in  organic   except  in  management  of   dyspepsia,  flatulence,  
neuropsychotic  states  and   acute  withdrawal   diarrhoea,  cramping;;  
reflex  muscle  spasm  due  to   reactions.Severe  chronic   angioedema,  cholestatic  
local  trauma.   hypercapnia.   jaundice;;  dizziness,  
headache,  vertigo,  
somnolence;;  transient  
elevations  of  liver  enzyme  
values.  
Diclofenac  K   50~150mg   Nonsteroidal  Anti0inflammatory  Drugs   Short  term  treatment  of  post-­ Known  hypersensitivity  to   Occasionally,  GI  disorder,  
(Cataflam)   /day   traumatic  &  post  op  pain  &   diclofenac  or  other  NSAIDs,   HA,  dizziness,  vertigo,  rash,  
inflammation,  dysmenorrheal,   gastric  or  intestinal  ulcer   elevation  of  serum  
migraine,  adnexitis   transaminase  
Diclofenac  K   50~150mg   Nonsteroidal  Anti0inflammatory  Drugs   Short  term  treatment  of  post-­ Known  hypersensitivity  to   Occasionally,  GI  disorder,  
(Cataflam)   /day   traumatic  &  post  op  pain  &   diclofenac  or  other  NSAIDs,   HA,  dizziness,  vertigo,  rash,  
inflammation,  dysmenorrheal,   gastric  or  intestinal  ulcer   elevation  of  serum  
migraine,  adnexitis   transaminase  
Digoxin  (Lanoxin)   0.25mg/tab   Digoxin  is  a  cardiac  glycoside  which  has   Adult:  PO  Heart  failure;;   Digitalis  toxicity,  ventricular   Extra  beats,  anorexia,  nausea  
positive  inotropic  activity  characterized   Supraventricular   tachycardia/fibrillation,   and  vomiting.  Diarrhoea  in  
by  an  increase  in  the  force  of  myocardial   arrhythmias<>D>  Rapid   obstructive  cardiomyopathy.   elderly,  confusion,  dizziness,  
contraction.  It  also  reduces  the   digitalisation:  Loading  dose:   Arrhythmias  due  to   drowsiness,  restlessness,  
conductivity  of  the  heart  through  the   0.75-­1.5  mg  in  the  1st  24  hr.   accessory  pathways  (e.g.   nervousness,  agitation  and  
atrioventricular  (AV)  node.  Digoxin  also   Slow  digitilisation:  250  mcg  1-­ Wolff-­Parkinson-­White   amnesia,  visual  disturbances,  
exerts  direct  action  on  vascular  smooth   2  times/day.  Uusal   syndrome).   gynaecomastia,  local  irritation  
muscle  and  indirect  effects  mediated   maintenance:  125-­250   (IM/SC  inj),  rapid  IV  admin  
primarily  by  the  autonomic  nervous   mcg/day.  IV  Emergency  heart   may  lead  to  vasocostriction  
system  and  an  increase  in  vagal  activity.   failure  For  patients  who  have   and  transient  hypertension.  
not  received  cardiac   Potentially  Fatal:  Cardiac  
glycosides  in  the  previous  2   arrhythmias  in  combination  
wk:  0.5-­1  mg  via  infusion  as  a   with  heart  block.  
single  dose  or  in  divided  
doses.  Maintenance:  Usually  
via  oral  admin.  
nd
Diltiazem  HCl   90  mg/  tab  OD   Calcium  antagonist   Management  of  Angina   Sick  sinus  syndrome,  2  or   Peripheral  edema,  
rd
Dilzem   Inhibits  movement  of  calcium  ions  across   pectoris  &  hypertension   3  degree  AV  block,   hypotension  bradycardia,  
cell  membrane  in  systemic  and  coronary   hypotension,  pregnancy   angina,  AV  block,  abnormal  
vascular  smooth  muscle;;  slows  calcium   acute  MI   ECG,  arrhythmias;;  CNS:  
ion  movement  across  cell  membranes  in   dizziness,  lightheadedness,  
both  cardiac  muscle  and  cardiac   headache,  weakness,  
pacemaker  cells,  decreasing  sinoatrial   shakiness,  somnolence,  
and  atrioventricular  conduction   asthenia;;  DERM:  dermatitis,  
photosensitivity,  petechiae,  
rash;;  GI:  nausea,  vomiting,  
 constipation,  abdominal  
discomfort,  cramps,  
dyspepsia,  dry  mouth.  
nd
Diltiazem  HCl   90  mg/  tab  OD   Calcium  antagonist   Management  of  Angina   Sick  sinus  syndrome,  2  or   Peripheral  edema,  
rd
Dilzem   Inhibits  movement  of  calcium  ions  across   pectoris  &  hypertension   3  degree  AV  block,   hypotension  bradycardia,  
cell  membrane  in  systemic  and  coronary   hypotension,  pregnancy   angina,  AV  block,  abnormal  
vascular  smooth  muscle;;  slows  calcium   acute  MI   ECG,  arrhythmias;;  CNS:  
ion  movement  across  cell  membranes  in   dizziness,  lightheadedness,  
both  cardiac  muscle  and  cardiac   headache,  weakness,  
pacemaker  cells,  decreasing  sinoatrial   shakiness,  somnolence,  
and  atrioventricular  conduction   asthenia;;  DERM:  dermatitis,  
photosensitivity,  petechiae,  
rash;;  GI:  nausea,  vomiting,  
constipation,  abdominal  
discomfort,  cramps,  
dyspepsia,  dry  mouth.    
Diphenhydramine   50mg/mL  for   H1  receptor  antagonist  /    Antihistamine   Allergic  reaction;;  motion   GIT  ulceration  or   GI  disturbances,  bleeding,  
(Benadryl)   injection   Competes  with  histamine  for  H1-­receptor   sickness   inflammation   drowsiness,  dizziness  
sites  on  effector  cells  in  the   Symptomatic  relief  of  
gastrointestinal  tract,  blood  vessels,  and   condition  like  urticaria,  
respiratory  tract   angioedema,  rhinitis,  
conjunctivitis,  inpruritic  skin  
disorder  
Diphenhydramine   50mg/mL  for   H1  receptor  antagonist  /    Antihistamine   Allergic  reaction;;  motion   GIT  ulceration  or   GI  disturbances,  bleeding,  
(Benadryl)   injection   Competes  with  histamine  for  H1-­receptor   sickness   inflammation   drowsiness,  dizziness  
sites  on  effector  cells  in  the   Symptomatic  relief  of  
gastrointestinal  tract,  blood  vessels,  and   condition  like  urticaria,  
respiratory  tract   angioedema,  rhinitis,  
conjunctivitis,  inpruritic  skin  
disorder  
Diphenhydramine     1mg/kg/dose   Competes  with  histamine  for  H1  receptor   Allergic  reactions;;  motion   Acute  asthma  attacks,   Urticaria,  rashes,  
sites  on  effector  cells  in  the  GIT,  blood   sickness   premature  infants  or   anaphylactic  shock,  
vessels  &  respiratory  tract   neonates  &  nursing  mothers   photosensitivity,  excessive  
perspiration  
Dobutamine   2.5-­40   Directly   stimulates   beta   1   receptors   to    
mcg/kg/min   IV   increase   myocardial   contractility   and   Inotropic   support   of   the  
infusion     stroke   volume.   Decrease   vascular   myocardium   for   acute  
Obstructive  cardiomyopathy  
resistance,   reduces   ventricular   filing   congestive   heart   failure   or  
pressure   and   facilitate   AV   node   cardiogenic  shock  
conduction  
Domperidone   10mg,  1mg/ml   Peripheral  dopamine  receptor  blocking   Dyspeptic  symptom  complex   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical   Rarely,  increased  prolactin  
(Motilium)   1tab  TID   properties.  It  increase  esophageal   associated  with  delayed   obstruction  or  perforation;;  in   levels.  GI  disorders.  
peristalsis  and  increase  lower   gastric  emptying,  GERD,   patients  w/  prolactin-­ Very  rarely,  transient  
esophageal  sphincter  pressure,  increase   esophagitis  eg  epigastric   releasing  pituitary  tumor   intestinal  cramps.  
gastric  motility  and  peristalsis  and   sense  of  fullness,  early   (prolactinoma).  Known   Galactorrhea.  Gynecomastia.  
enhances  gastroduodenal  coordination,   satiety,  feeling  of  abdominal   intolerance  to  the  drug.   Amenorrhea.  
therefore,  facilitating  gastric  emptying   distention,  upper  abdominal  
and  decrease  small  bowel  transit  time   pain;;  bloating,  erucation,  
flatulence;;  heartburn  w/  or  
w/o  regurgitations  of  gastric  
contents  in  the  mouth.  
 Nausea  &  vomiting  of  
functional,  organic,  infectious  
or  dietetic  origin  or  induced  
by  radio  or  drug  therapy  
Domperidone   10mg,  1mg/ml   Peripheral  dopamine  receptor  blocking   Dyspeptic  symptom  complex   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical   Rarely,  increased  prolactin  
(Motilium)   1tab  TID   properties.  It  increase  esophageal   associated  with  delayed   obstruction  or  perforation;;  in   levels.  GI  disorders.    
peristalsis  and  increase  lower   gastric  emptying,  GERD,   patients  w/  prolactin-­ Very  rarely,  transient  
esophageal  sphincter  pressure,  increase   esophagitis  eg  epigastric   releasing  pituitary  tumor   intestinal  cramps.  
gastric  motility  and  peristalsis  and   sense  of  fullness,  early   (prolactinoma).  Known   Galactorrhea.  Gynecomastia.  
enhances  gastroduodenal  coordination,   satiety,  feeling  of  abdominal   intolerance  to  the  drug.   Amenorrhea.  
therefore,  facilitating  gastric  emptying   distention,  upper  abdominal  
and  decrease  small  bowel  transit  time   pain;;  bloating,  erucation,  
flatulence;;  heartburn  w/  or  
w/o  regurgitations  of  gastric  
contents  in  the  mouth.  
Nausea  &  vomiting  of  
functional,  organic,  infectious  
or  dietetic  origin  or  induced  
by  radio  or  drug  therapy  
Dopamine  HCl   40  drops  per   A  myocardial  inotropic  agent  which  may   Correction  of  hemodynamic   Patients  w/   Ventricular  arrhythmia,  
min   increase  mesenteric  and  renal  blood  flow   imbalances  present  in  the   pheochromocytoma,   ectopic  beats,  tachycardia,  
plus  urinary  output   shock  sndrome  due  to  MI,   presence  of  uncorrected   anginal  pain,  palpitation,  
trauma,  endotoxic  septicemia,   tachyarrthmias  or  ventricular   cardiac  conduction  
open  heart  surgery,  renal   fibrillation.  Those  w  known   abnormalities,  widened  ORS  
failure  &  chronic  cardiac   allergy  to  corn  &  corn   complex,  bradycardia,  
decompensation  as  in  CHF,   products  &  sulfite  sensitivie   hypotension,  HTN  &  
hypotension   patients.  IV  soln  may  cause   vascoconstrition;;  dyspnea,  
fluid  overloading  leading  to   nausea,  vomiting,  azotemia,  
dilution  of  secrum  electrolyte   headache,  anxiety,  
conc,  overhydration,   piloerection;;  gangrene  of  the  
congested  states  of   extremities.  
pulmonary  edema.  Excess  
administration  of  K-­free  soln  
Doxofylline   400mg/tab   bronchodilator   Treatment  of  bronchial   Patients  with  acute  MI  and   Nausea,  vomiting,  epigastric  
(Ansimar)   asthma  and  pulmonary   hypotension.   pain,  irritability,  insomnia,  
disease  with  spastic  bronchial   tachycardia.  
component.  
 
Doxorubicin   IV  60-­75   Doxorubicin  prevents  DNA  replication.     Close  observation  is   Cardiotoxicity.  GI  &  
2
(Adriblastina,   mg/m  as   The  exact  mechanism  is  still  being   required  esp  during  initial   dermatologic  disturbances.  
Adrim,   Axibin,   single  dose  at   studied,  but  it  may  be  a  "topoisomerase   treatment.  Monitor  cardiac   Myelosuppression  &  
Caelyx,   Dactorubin,   21  day  interval   inhibitor".  Topoisomerases  are  enzymes   function.  Myelosuppression   leucopenia.  Dehydration  &  
Rubidox)   that  temporarily  cut  one  strand  of  DNA   &  immunosuppression.   facial  flushing  
during  replication  to  help  unwind  the   Hepatic  impairment,  obesity  
double  helix..  Doxorubicin  prevents  the   &  extravasation  
topoisomerase  from  reattaching  the  cut  
ends  
Doxorubicin   IV  60-­75   Doxorubicin  prevents  DNA  replication.     Close  observation  is  required   Cardiotoxicity.  GI  &  
2
(Adriblastina,   mg/m  as   The  exact  mechanism  is  still  being   esp  during  initial  treatment.   dermatologic  disturbances.  
Adrim,  Axibin,   single  dose  at   studied,  but  it  may  be  a  "topoisomerase   Monitor  cardiac  function.   Myelosuppression  &  
Caelyx,  Dactorubin,   21  day  interval     inhibitor".  Topoisomerases  are  enzymes   Myelosuppression  &   leucopenia.  Dehydration  &  
 Rubidox)   that  temporarily  cut  one  strand  of  DNA   immunosuppression.  Hepatic   facial  flushing  
during  replication  to  help  unwind  the   impairment,  obesity  &  
double  helix..  Doxorubicin  prevents  the   extravasation  
topoisomerase  from  reattaching  the  cut  
ends  
•   Allergy  to  penicillin  Allergy  to  
penicillin  -­  Secondary  
syphilis,  Anthrax  
•   Anthrax;;    
inhibition  of  protein  synthesis,  making   Prophylaxis  
them  bacteriostatic  agents.    Doxycycline  •   •   Dermatologic:  
Bacterial  infectious  
inhibits  both  the  70S  and  the  80S  unit  of   Photosensitivity  
disease,  
bacterial  and  mammalian  ribosomes,   •   •   Gastrointestinal:  Drug-­
Chlamydial  infection  
respectively,  with  more  sensitivity  for  the   Pregnancy,  breastfeeding   induced  gastrointestinal  
Doxycycline   100mg/tab   former.    They  reversibly  bind  to  the  
•   Cholera,  Epididymo-­
and  in  children  less  than  8   disturbance  
orchitis,  acute  Gonorrhea,  
smaller  30S  subunit  of  the  70S  unit  at  the   years  of  age   •   Renal:  Serum  blood  urea  
Uncomplicated  Granuloma  
A-­site,  preventing  the  attachment  of  the   nitrogen  raised  
inguinale  
amino  acyl  tRNA.    This  irreversible  
binding  leads  to  the  termination  of  the   •   Prophylaxis  
Nongonococcal  urethritis  ,    
translation  process  
Pelvic  inflammatory  disease  
•   Postexposure;;  
Treatment  and  Prophylaxis  

Duxaril   Tab  BID   Antihypoxic  drug  with  actions  of   Minor  age-­related  nurological   Avoid  concurrent   Have  been  occasionally  
almitrine-­raubasine:  Increase  in  the   disorders.  Some  visual   adminstration  of  almitrine-­ reported  during  long-­term  
arterial  partial  pressure  of  oxygen   disorders  related  to  the   raubasine  w/  MAOIs   treatment:  wt  loss,  peripheral  
(PaO2);;  Increase  in  the  arterial  saturation   circulation  (hearing  loss,   neuropathy  should  lead  to  
of  oxygen  (SaO2);;  Decrease  in  the   dizziness,  buzzing  sounds  in   treatment  withdrawl.  Mild  GI  
arterial  desaturation  during  effort,  a   the  ear).   disorders,  sleep  disturbances,  
dynamic  control  considered  as  one  of  the   drowsiness,  agitation,  
best  techniques  currently  available  to   anxiety,  palpitation,  dizziness  
assess  the  efficacy  of  an  antihypoxic  
molecule;;  Increase  of  the  blood  level  of  
2,3-­diphosphoglycerate,  a  factor  of  
oxygen  availability  in  the  arterial  blood;;  
Increase  in  the  metabolism  of  the  
cerebral  tissue  as  demonstrated,  during  
the  glucose  test,  by  the  analysis  of  the  
cortical  active  

Dydrogesterone   10mg/tab   Dydrogesterone  is  characterised  by   Irregular  duration  of  cycles   Duphaston  should  not  be   Breakthrough  bleeding  
(DUPHASTON)   progestational  and  anti-­oestrogenic   and  irregular  occurrence  and   given  to  patients  with   (prevented  by  increasing  the  
activity.  This  is  demonstrated  by  its   duration  of  periods  caused  by   undiagnosed  vaginal   dosage).  Altered  liver  function  
ability  to  induce  a  secretory   progesterone  deficiency.   bleeding  nor  to  those  with  a   w/  asthenia  or  malaise,  
transformation  in  the  endometrium  of   Combined  with  an  estrogenic   history  of  thromboembolic   jaundice  &  abdominal  pain.  
immature  or  ovariectomised  animals   substance,  Duphaston  can  be   disorder   Allergic  rash,  pruritus,  
after  they  have  been  primed  with   applied  in  secondary   urticaria  
oestrogens  (cf.  the  Clauberg  test).  The   amenorrhoea,  dysfunctional  
oral  progestogenic  potency  of   uterine  bleeding  and  post-­
dydrogesterone  is  20  times  higher  than   menopausal  complaints  
 that  of  progesterone.  The  progestational   where  endogenous  
efficacy  and  potency  of  dydrogesterone   progesterone  deficiency  is  
was  confirmed  by  standard  test  (i.e.   implicated  
delay  of  menses  and  induction  of  
withdrawal  bleeding).  The  benefits  of  
oestrogen  or  other  target  organs  are  not  
compromised  by  dydrogesterone  
Enalapril   40mg/tab   ACE   inhibitor.   Selectively   suppresses   Treatment   of   hypertension   Hypersensitivity.   History   of   Dizziness,   headache,   fatigue,  
renin-­angiotensin-­aldosterone   and  congestive  heart  failure   angioneurotic   edema.   asthesia,   hypotension,  
Pregnancy   syncope,   nausea,   diarrhea,  
muscle  cramps,  rash,  cough.  
Enoxaparin  sodium     Causes  higher  anti-­factor  Xa  to     Use  with  caution  in  patients   Derma:  local  eythema,  
antithrombin  activities  (anti-­factor  IIa)   prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known   Hema:  hemorrhage,  
ration  than  heparin,  which  may  prevent   to  have  a  lesion  of  the  gastric   thrombocytopenia,  anemia,  
thrombosis   mucosa.  Do  not  administer  to   Other:  local  irritation  and  
patients  with  hemophilia  and   pain;;  hematoma;;  nausea,  
is  not  recommended  to   confusion,  fever,  edema,  
infants  <1  year.  Caution  is   peripheral  edema  
necessary  when  renal  or  
hepatic  function  is  impaired  
and  particularly  in  children  
who  are  dehydrated  
Enoxaparin   sodium     Causes  higher  anti-­factor  Xa  to   Prophylaxis  of  venous   Use  with  caution  in  patients   Derma:  local  eythema,  Hema:  
(Clexane)   antithrombin  activities  (anti-­factor  IIa)   thromboembolitic  disease.   prone  to  dyspepsia  or  known   hemorrhage,  
ration  than  heparin,  which  may  prevent   Treatment  of  deep  vein   to  have  a  lesion  of  the   thrombocytopenia,  anemia,  
thrombosis   thrombosis,  unstable  angina   gastric  mucosa.  Do  not   Other:  local  irritation  and  
and  non-­Q  wave  myocardial   administer  to  patients  with   pain;;  hematoma;;  nausea,  
infarction.   hemophilia  and  is  not   confusion,  fever,  edema,  
recommended  to  infants  <1   peripheral  edema  
year.  Caution  is  necessary  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated  
Ensure   250kCal   Patients  requiring  
supplementation,  
convalescence,  early  or  
uncomplicated  carcinoma,  
coma,  pre-­op  prep,  post-­op  
     
care,  bowel  prep,  moderate  
protein-­caloric  malnutrition,  
nutritional  support  of  
chronically  ill  or  elderly  
patients  
Epinephrine  Hcl   1amp  q3   An  adrenergic  agent  that  has  an   Cardiac  stimulant  in  case  of   Cardiac  arrhythmia,    
excitatory  action  on  smooth  muscles  of   collapse,  shock  &  anesth   tachycardia  >140  bpm,  
the  blood  vessels  in  the  skin  and  mucous   accidents.  Hemostatic  in   severe  HTN,  narrow  angle  
membranes,  inhibitory  actions  of  smooth   hemorrhages.  Prolongs   glaucoma,  anesth  w/  
muscles  of  the  wall  of  gastrointestinal   action  of  infiltration  anesth   halogenated  hydrocarbon  f  
tract,  bronchial  tree  and  the  blood   agent.  Urticaria.   cyclopropane,  w/  local  
vessels  supplying  the  skeletal  muscles,   anesth  of  finger  or  toe,  
 cardiac  excitatory  action  on  the  rate  and   woman  in  labor,  cardiac  
force  of  contraction,  metabolic  actions  on   dilation  &  coronary  
glycogenolysis  in  the  liver  and  muscle,   insufficiency  
modulating  action  on  the  secretion  of  
insulin,  rennin,  pituitary  hormones  and  
excitatory  CBS  actions  particularly  on  
respiration,  wakefulness  and  feeling  of  
satiety  
Epoietin   50-­100units/kg   Mimics  effects  of  erythropoietin  which   Treatment  of  anemia   Hypersensitivity   Hypertension,  seizures,  
functions  as  a  growth  factor  and  as  a   associated  with  renal   arthralgia,  asthenia,  chest  
differentiating  factor,  enhancing  RBC   insufficiency  or  CRF   pain,  diarrhea,  edema,  
production   headache,  nausea,  vomiting,  
tachycardia      
Erceflora   Susp:   Antidiarrheal   Treatment  of  acute  diarrhea   N/A   N/A  
Bacillus  clausal   2billion/5ml   with  duration  of  ≤14  days  due  
Adult  :  2~3   to  infections,  drugs  or  poisons  
vials/day,   or  for  chronic  or  persistent  
children  :   diarrhea  with  duration  of  ≥14  
1~2vials/day   days  
Erceflora   2billion/5ml   Antidiarrheal   Treatment  of  acute  diarrhea   N/A   N/A  
Bacillus  clausal   Adult  :  2~3   with  duration  of  ≤14  days  due  
vials/day,   to  infections,  drugs  or  poisons  
children  :   or  for  chronic  or  persistent  
1~2vials/day   diarrhea  with  duration  of  ≥14  
days  
Erceflora   2billion/5ml   Antidiarrheal   Treatment  of  acute  diarrhea   N/A   N/A  
Bacillus  clausal   Adult  :  2~3   with  duration  of  ≤14  days  due  
vials/day,   to  infections,  drugs  or  
children  :   poisons  or  for  chronic  or  
1~2vials/day   persistent  diarrhea  with  
duration  of  ≥14  days  
Ercefuryl   Cap:  200mg   Antidiarrheal   Acute  diarrhea;;  food   N/A   N/A  
Nifuroxazide   1cap  QID   poisoning;;  salmonella  
Susp:   infections,  bacillary  
220mg/5ml   dysentery;;  tourist  diarrhea  &  
5mlTID,  10ml   its  prophylaxis;;  inflammatory  
divide  by  3/d   colitis  
Esomeprazole     40  mg/tab  OD   Proton  pump  inhibitor  which  suppresses   For  erosive  reflux   Children  <12yrs  lactation   Headache,  abdominal  
(Nexium)   gastric  acid  secretion  by  inhibition  of  the   esophagitis,symptomatic  Tx   pain,diarrhea,flatulence,naus
+ +
H /K  ATPase  in  the  gastric  parietal  cell   of  GERD,  upper  GI   ea,  and  vomiting  
symptoms,assoc.  with  NSAID  
therapy  
Esomeprazole     40  mg/tab  OD   Proton  pump  inhibitor  which  suppresses   For  erosive  reflux   Children  <12yrs  lactation   Headache,  abdominal  
(Nexium)   gastric  acid  secretion  by  inhibition  of  the   esophagitis,symptomatic  Tx   pain,diarrhea,flatulence,naus
+ +
H /K  ATPase  in  the  gastric  parietal  cell   of  GERD,  upper  GI   ea,  and  vomiting  
symptoms,assoc.  with  NSAID  
therapy  
Esomeprazole   40  mg/tab   suppresses  gastric  acid  secretion  by   Erosive  esophagitis,  peptic   Hypersensitivity   Headache,  diarrhoea,  
+ +
(Nexium)   specific  inhibition  of  the  H /K  ATPase  in   ulcer,  ZES,  GERD   abdominal  pain,  nausea,  
the  gastric  parietal  cell.   flatulence,  dry  mouth,  
constipation,  hyponatraemia,  
 photosensitivity,  
angioedema,  anaphylaxis.  
Eterocoxib   120mg/tab  OD   Inhibits  prostaglanded  synthesis  by   For  relief  of  acute  or  chronic   Advanced  renal  disease;;   Asthenia/fatigue,  dizziness,  
(Arcoxia)   decreasing  the  activity  of  the  enzyme   pain.   preexisting  edema,   lower  extremity  edema,  
cyclooxygenase-­2  (COX-­2),  which   hypertension  or  heart  failure;;   hypertension,  dyspepsia,  
results  in  decreased  formation  of   liver  dysfunction;;  previous   heartburn,  nausea,  increased  
prostaglandin  precursors.   acute  asthmatic  attacks,   ALT  &  AST  
urticaria  or  rhinitis  
precipitated  by  salicylates  or  
nonselective  COX  inhibitors  
Etoricoxib   90  mg/tab  OD   For  relief  of  acute  or  chronic  pain     Advanced  renal  disease;;   Asthenia/fatigue,  dizziness,  
(Arcoxia)   preexisting  edema,   lower  extremity  edema,  
hypertension  or  heart  failure;;   hypertension,  dyspepsia,  
liver  dysfunction;;  previous   heartburn,  nausea,  increased  
acute  asthmatic  attacks,   ALT  &  AST  
urticaria  or  rhinitis  
precipitated  by  salicylates  or  
nonselective  COX  inhibitors  
Felodipine     5  mg/tab   Dihydropiridine  derivative,  calcium   Treatment  of  hypertension   Pregnancy,  unstable  angina,    
OD   antagonist;;  interfere  with  voltage-­   and  angina  pectoris   significant  aortic  
dependent  L-­type  calcium  channels  in  
membranes  of  smooth  muscle  cells  
Ferrous  Sulfate   1  tablet/day   Replaces  iron,  found  in  hemoglobin,   Iron  deficiency  anemia   Ferrous  sulfate  (or  other  oral   GI  irritation  &  abdominal  pain  
myoglobin,  and  other  enzymes;;  allows   iron  products)  are   w/  nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea  
the  transportation  of  oxygen  via   considered  contraindicated   or  constipation.  
hemoglobin   in  patients  with  
hemosiderosis,  
hemochromotosis,  hemolytic  
anemias,  or  known  
hypersensitivity  to  any  
component  of  the  product.  
Ferrous  sulfate   1  tab     Replaces  iron,  found  in  hemoglobin,   Prevention  &  treatment  of   Thalassemia,  Sideroblastic   GI  disturbances,  allergic  
myoglobin,  and  other  enzymes;;  allows   iron  deficiency  anemia   anemia,  hemochromatosis   reactions,  hyperbilirubinemia  
the  transportation  of  oxygen  via  
hemoglobin  
FeSO4   (Iberet-­ 525mg/tab  OD   Needed  for  adequate  nerve  functioning,   Fe  and  Vit  B-­complex   Pernicious  anemia   Gastric  irritation  
Folic-­500)   protein  and  carbohydrate  metabolism,   deficiency.  Pre-­natal,  intra-­
normal  growth,  RBC  development  and   natal  and  post-­natal  
cell  reproduction.   supplement  
Flenax  forte   550mg  /  tab   Nonsteroidal  Anti-­inflammatory  Drugs   Relief  of  mild  to  moderately   Aspirin  or  other  NSAIDs   Abdominal  discomfort,  
BID   (  NSAIDs)   sever  pain  &  fever  w/  or  w/o   induced  asthma,  rhinitis  or   epigastric  distress,  GI  
inflammation  eg   urticaria.  Children  under  2   reaction,  peptic  ulceration,  
musculoskeletal  trauma,  post-­ y/o   HA,  nausea,  peripheral  
op  pain  &  post  dental   edema  
extraction  
Flenax  forte   550mg  /  tab   Nonsteroidal  Anti-­inflammatory  Drugs   Relief  of  mild  to  moderately   Aspirin  or  other  NSAIDs   Abdominal  discomfort,  
BID   (  NSAIDs)   sever  pain  &  fever  w/  or  w/o   induced  asthma,  rhinitis  or   epigastric  distress,  GI  
inflammation  eg   urticaria.  Children  under  2  y/o   reaction,  peptic  ulceration,  
musculoskeletal  trauma,   HA,  nausea,  peripheral  
post-­op  pain  &  post  dental   edema  
extraction  
 Folart   Adult  &  childn   Megaloblastic  anemia  secondary  to  vit   Folic  acid   Folic  acid  is  generally   Prevention  and  treatment  of  
(Folic  Acid)   >1  yr  5  mg   B12  deficiency.  Folic  acid  administration   (pteroylmonoglutamic  acid)  in   tolerated.  Rare  cases  of   folate  deficiency  state;;  also  
daily  for  4  mth.   may  produce  hematologic  remission   its  reduced  form  of   gastrointestinal  disturbances   used  in  women  of  child-­
Maintenance:   while  neurologic  damage  progresses.   tetrahydrofolate,  serves  as  an   have  been  reported.   bearing  potential  and  
5  mg  every  1-­7   important  mediator  of  many   pregnant  women  to  protect  
days   reactions  involving  1-­carbon   against  neural  tube  defects  in  
depending  on   transfers.  Important  reactions   their  offspring.  In  chronic  
underlying   involve  the  conversion  of   hemolytic  anemia,  exfoliative  
disease.   homocysteine  to  methionine   skin  disease,  gingivitis,  
Childn  up  to  1   and  of  deoxyuridylate  to   angular  cheilitis,  alcoholism,  
yr  500  mcg/kg   thymidylate,  an  important   anorectic  cancer,  cervical  
daily.   step  in  DNA  synthesis.  It  is   dysplasia,  elderly  patients,  
  also  implicated  in  the   gout,  cardiovascular  
  conversion  of  some  amino   diseases,  GI  inflammation  
acids,  and  in  the  synthesis   and  malabsorption  
and  utilization  of  formate.  The  
deficiency  of  folic  acid  can  
lead  to  megaloblastic  anemia,  
which  develops  when  dietary  
intake  of  folic  acid  is  
inadequate  eg,  in  pregnancy,  
excessive  menstrual  flow,  
and  as  a  result  of  the  
concurrent  administration  of  
folate  antagonist  and  other  
drugs  which  interfere  with  
normal  folate  metabolism.  
Fondaparinux  Na   2.5-­7.5mg   Sythetic  activated  Factor  X  inhibitor,  that   Prevention   of   venous   Clinically   significant   Anemia,   bleeding,   purpura,  
(Arixtra)   binds  to  antithrombin  III   thromboembolic   events   bleeding,   acute   bacterial   edema  
undergoing   major   orthopedic   endocarditis  
surgery   of   lower   limbs.  
Unstable   angina,   NSTEMI,  
ACS,  MI,  refractory  ischemia  
Furosemide   Initially  20-­40   Frusemide  primarily  inhibits  sodium  and   Edema  due    to  cardiac,   Hypotension,  latent  or   Symptomatic  hypotension,  
(Fremid,   Fretic,   mg  IV/IM.  If   chloride  absorption  in  the  thick   hepatic  or  renal  disorders.   manifest  diabetes  mellitus,   dehydration,  
Frusema,   diuretic  effect   ascending  limb  of  the  loop  of  Henle   Mild  to  moderate   gout,  obstruction  of  urinary   hemoconcentration;;  
Furoscan,   Fusimex,   is  not   hypertension   passages;;  hepatic  cirrhosis   hypokalemia,  hyponatremia,  
Lasix)   satisfactory,   w/  concomitant  renal   metabolic  acidosis;;  increase  
dose  may  be   insufficiency;;   of  blood  lipid  levels,  urea,  uric  
increased   hypoproteinaemia;;   acid;;  reduced  glucose  
stepwise,  at  2-­ premature  infant.   tolerance;;  hearing  disorders,  
hrly  interval  by   Pregnancy,  lactation   tinnitus;;  pancreatitis,  GI  
20  mg  each   symptoms;;  fever,  vasculitis,  
time  until   interstitial  nephritis;;  hemolytic  
satisfactory   or  aplastic  anemia,  
diuresis  is   leukocytopenia,  
obtained,  the   agranulocytosis,  
dose  should   thrombocytopenia  
then  be  given  
once-­bid  
Furosemide   Initially  20-­40   Frusemide  primarily  inhibits  sodium  and     Hypotension,  latent  or   Symptomatic  hypotension,  
 (Fremid,  Fretic,   mg  IV/IM.  If   chloride  absorption  in  the  thick  ascending   manifest  diabetes  mellitus,   dehydration,  
Frusema,   diuretic  effect   limb  of  the  loop  of  Henle   gout,  obstruction  of  urinary   hemoconcentration;;  
Furoscan,  Fusimex,   is  not   passages;;  hepatic  cirrhosis   hypokalemia,  hyponatremia,  
Lasix)   satisfactory,   w/  concomitant  renal   metabolic  acidosis;;  increase  
dose  may  be   insufficiency;;   of  blood  lipid  levels,  urea,  
increased   hypoproteinaemia;;  premature   uric  acid;;  reduced  glucose  
stepwise,  at  2-­ infant.  Pregnancy,  lactation   tolerance;;  hearing  disorders,  
hrly  interval  by   tinnitus;;  pancreatitis,  GI  
20  mg  each   symptoms;;  fever,  vasculitis,  
time  until   interstitial  nephritis;;  hemolytic  
satisfactory   or  aplastic  anemia,  
diuresis  is   leukocytopenia,  
obtained,  the   agranulocytosis,  
dose  should   thrombocytopenia  
then  be  given  
once-­bid  
Gabapentin     300  mg/tab  OD   Gabapentin  is  structurally  related  to  the   Treatment  of  partial  seizures   Absence  seizure.   Somnolence,  dizziness,  
neurotransmitter  GABA  but  is  neither  a   with  or  without  secondary   ataxia,  fatigue,  nystagmus,  
GABA  agonist  nor  antagonist.   generalization  ,  neuropathic   tremor,  diplopia,  amblyopia,  
Gabapentin-­binding  sites  have  been   pain.  Adjunctive  therapy  in   pharyngitis,  dysarthria,  
identified  throughout  the  brain  tissues   patients  unresponsive  to  or   paresthesia,  arthralgia,  
e.g.  neocortex  and  hippocampus.   intolerant  of  standard   purpura,  anxiety,  UTI.  
However,  the  exact  mechanism  of  action   anticonvulsant.  
is  still  unknown.  
Gatifloxacin   1  drop  every   antibiotic  of  the  fourth-­generation   Treatment  of  bacterial   Diabetes   Conjunctival  irritation,  
(Zymar)   two  hours  on   fluoroquinolone  family,  that  like  other   conjunctivitis  caused  by   increased  lacrimation,  
the  left  eye   members  of  that  family,  inhibits  the   susceptible  strains  of  both   keratitis  &  papillary  
bacterial  enzymes  DNA  gyrase  and   gm+ve  &  gm-­ve   conjunctivitis.  
topoisomerase  IV   microorganisms.  
Gatifloxacin   1  drop  every   antibiotic  of  the  fourth-­generation   Treatment  of  bacterial   Diabetes   Conjunctival  irritation,  
(Zymar)   two  hours  on   fluoroquinolone  family,  that  like  other   conjunctivitis  caused  by   increased  lacrimation,  
the  left  eye   members  of  that  family,  inhibits  the   susceptible  strains  of  both   keratitis  &  papillary  
bacterial  enzymes  DNA  gyrase  and   gm+ve  &  gm-­ve   conjunctivitis.  
topoisomerase  IV   microorganisms.  
Gaviscon     Antacids   Treatment  of  symptoms  of      
GERD  eg  acid  regurgitation,  
heartburn  and  indigestion  due  
to  reflux  of  stomach  content.    
Gentamycin   1~1.7mg/kg   Aminoglycoside   Bone  &  joint  infection.  CNS.   Hypersensitivity  to   Nephritic  (renal)  effects,  
every  8  hours   Burn  &  wound  infection.  UTI.   amynoglycosides   dizziness,  tinnitus,  vertigo,  
Acute  &  chronic  suppurative   numbness,  skin  tingling,  
otitis  media,  pneumonia,   muscle  twitching,  respiratory  
septicemia  *  sinusitis   depression,  lethargy,  
confusion.  
Gentamycin   1~1.7mg/kg   Aminoglycoside   Bone  &  joint  infection.  CNS.   Hypersensitivity  to   Nephritic  (renal)  effects,  
every  8  hours   Burnn  &  wound  infection.   amynoglycosides   dizziness,  tinnitus,  vertigo,  
UTI.  Acute  &  chronic   numbness,  skin  tingling,  
suppurative  otitis  media,   muscle  twitching,  respiratory  
pneumonia,  septicemia  *   depression,  lethargy,  
sinusitis   confusion.  
Gliclazide   30  mg  tab  OD   Inhibiting  ATP-­sensitive  potassium   Type  2  Diabetes   Type  1  diabetes,   Hypoglycemic  manifestations,  
(Diamicron  MR)   channels  in  pancreatic  beta  cells.  This   ketoacidosis,  diabetic   skin  reactions,  GI  disorders  
inhibition  causes  cell  membrane   precoma,  severe  renal  or  
depolarization,  which  causs  voltage-­ hepatic  impairment,  
dependent  calcium  channels  to  open,   Pregnancy,  lactation.  Co-­
which  causes  an  increase  in  intracellular   adminstration  w/  miconazole  
calcium  in  the  beta  cell,  which  stimulates  
insulin  release.  
Gliclazide   30  mg  tab  OD   Inhibiting  ATP-­sensitive  potassium   Type  2  Diabetes   Type  1  diabetes,   Hypoglycemic  manifestations,  
(Diamicron  MR)   channels  in  pancreatic  beta  cells.  This   ketoacidosis,  diabetic   skin  reactions,  GI  disorders  
inhibition  causes  cell  membrane   precoma,  severe  renal  or  
depolarization,  which  causs  voltage-­ hepatic  impairment,  
dependent  calcium  channels  to  open,   Pregnancy,  lactation.  Co-­
which  causes  an  increase  in  intracellular   adminstration  w/  miconazole  
calcium  in  the  beta  cell,  which  stimulates  
insulin  release.  
Glimepiride   1-­4  mg  daily     NIDDM  (Type  II).  May  be   IDDM  (type  I);;  diabetic   Hypoglycemia.  Temporary  
used  in  combination  w/   ketoacidosis;;  diabetic   visual  impairment.  GI  
metformin  &  insulin.   precoma  or  coma.  Serious   symptoms.  Elevated  liver  
renal  or  hepatic  dysfunction;;   enzymes,  impairment  of  liver  
dialsis  patints.   function,  hepatitis,  liver  
failure.  Thrombopenia,  
hemolytic  anemia,  
erythrocytopenia,  leucopenia,  
agranulocytosis,  
pancytopenia.  Allergic  or  
pseudoallergic  reactions  
including  shock,  allergic  
vasculitis.  Hypersensitivity  to  
light.  Decreased  serum  Na.  
Glipizide  (Minidiab)   5mg/tab    OD   Stimulates  insulin  release  from  the   Adjunct  to  diet  in  patients  with   IDDM,  keto-­acidosis,   Leukopenia,  agranulocytosis,  
pancreatic  beta  cells,  reduces  glucose   Type  2  diabetes  when  proper   diabetic  coma,  gangrene,   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
output  from  the  liver;;  insulin  sensitivity  is   dietary  management  alone   severe  trauma,  infection  or   anemia,pancytopenia.  
increased  at  peripheral  target  sites.   has  failed   febrile  status  
Hexetidine   gargle   Minor  sore  throat;;  halitosis;;  
(Bactidol)   general  oral  hygiene;;  
mechanism  of  action  of  chlorhexidine  on  
improves  appearance  of   Transient  numbness  &  
bacteria,  which  involves  the  disruption  of    
mouth  tissues;;  protects  tooth   alteration  in  taste  may  occur.  
bacterial  cell  membrane.  
surfaces  against  formation  of  
decay  acids.  
Hydrocortisone   5mg/kg/dose   Decreases  inflammation  by  suppression   Endocrine,  hematologic,   TB  skin  infections,  herpes   Allergic  reactions  
of  migration  of  PMNs  and  reversal  of   rheumatic  and  collagen   simplex,  vaccinia,    
increased  capillary  permeability   disorders   hypersensitivity    
Hydrocortisone   100mg  IV   Corticosteroids  enter  the  cell  and  bind  to     Corticosteroids  may  mask   Sodium  retention,  fluid  
sodium  succinate   every  8  hours   cytosolic  receptors  that  transport  the   some  signs  of  infection,  and   retention,  congestive  heart  
(Solu-­cortef)   steoid  into  the  nucleus.  The  steroid-­ new  infections  may  appear   failure  in  susceptible  patients,  
receptor  complex  alters  gene  expression   during  their  use.  There  may   potassium  loss,  hypokalemic  
by  binding  to  glucocorticoid  response   be  decreased  resistance   alkalosis,  hypertension,  
elements  (GREs)  or  mineralocorticoid-­ and  inability  to  localize   increased  calcium  excretion,  
specific  elements.  Tissue-­specific   infection  when   steroid  myopathy.  Increase  in  
responses  to  steroids  are  made  possible   corticosteroids  are  used.   alanine  transaminase  (ALT,  
 by  the  presence  in  each  tissue  of   Prolonged  use  of   SGPT),  aspartate  
different  protein  regulators  that  control   corticosteroids  may  produce   transaminase  (AST,  SGOT)  
the  interaction  between  the  hormone-­ posterior  subcapsular   and  alkaline  phosphatase,  
receptor  complex  and  particular   cataracts,  glaucoma  with   these  changes  are  usually  
response  elements   possible  damage  to  the  optic   small,  not  associated  with  any  
nerves,  and  may  enhance   clinical  syndrome  and  are  
the  establishment  of   reversible  upon  
secondary  ocular  infections   discontinuation  
Corticosteroids  should  be  
used  cautiously  in  patients  
with  ocular  herpes  simplex  
for  fear  of  corneal  
perforation.  
 
Hydrocortisone   100mg  IV   Corticosteroids  enter  the  cell  and  bind  to     Corticosteroids  may  mask   Sodium  retention,  fluid  
sodium  succinate   every  8  hours   cytosolic  receptors  that  transport  the   some  signs  of  infection,  and   retention,  congestive  heart  
(Solu-­cortef)   steoid  into  the  nucleus.  The  steroid-­ new  infections  may  appear   failure  in  susceptible  patients,  
receptor  complex  alters  gene  expression   during  their  use.  There  may   potassium  loss,  hypokalemic  
by  binding  to  glucocorticoid  response   be  decreased  resistance  and   alkalosis,  hypertension,  
elements  (GREs)  or  mineralocorticoid-­ inability  to  localize  infection   increased  calcium  excretion,  
specific  elements.  Tissue-­specific   when  corticosteroids  are   steroid  myopathy.  Increase  in  
responses  to  steroids  are  made  possible   used.  Prolonged  use  of   alanine  transaminase  (ALT,  
by  the  presence  in  each  tissue  of   corticosteroids  may  produce   SGPT),  aspartate  
different  protein  regulators  that  control   posterior  subcapsular   transaminase  (AST,  SGOT)  
the  interaction  between  the  hormone-­ cataracts,  glaucoma  with   and  alkaline  phosphatase,  
receptor  complex  and  particular  response   possible  damage  to  the  optic   these  changes  are  usually  
elements   nerves,  and  may  enhance   small,  not  associated  with  
the  establishment  of   any  clinical  syndrome  and  
secondary  ocular  infections   are  reversible  upon  
Corticosteroids  should  be   discontinuation  
used  cautiously  in  patients  
with  ocular  herpes  simplex  
for  fear  of  corneal  
perforation.  
 
Hydroxyurea   Myeloproliferati Cuases  cell  death  by  specific  inhibition  of     Monitor  hematological   Anemia,  neutropenia,  
(Hydab,   Krabinex,     ve  disorders   DNA  synthesis.  This  action  cuases   parameters  during   leukopenia,  
Litalir)   20-­30  mg/kg   regressions  in  chronic  myeloid  leukemia   treatment.  Chickenpox  or   thrombocytopenia;;  burning,  
daily.  Acute   and  other  malignancies  and  psoriasis.   herpes  infection,  active   redness  or  pain  at  site  of  
leukemia  50-­ The  S-­phase-­specifec  action  of   infection  or  dental  disease,   radiation  therapy;;  erythema,  
75  mg/kg   hydroxyrea  can  deplete  bone  marrow   marked  renal  dysfunction,   maculopapular  rash,  sore  
precurso  cells  associated  with   gout  or  nephrolithiasis,   mouth  or  lips,  skin  rash;;  fever  
megaloblastic  changes   patients  who  have  received   or  chills,  cough  or  sore  throat;;  
radiation  or  cytotoxic  therapy   constipation  or  diarrhea;;  
causing  myelosuppression   stomatitis;;  difficulty  in  
micturition,  nausea,  vomiting,  
low  back  pain,  fatigue,  
hyperuricemia  
Hydroxyurea   Myeloproliferat Cuases  cell  death  by  specific  inhibition  of     Monitor  hematological   Anemia,  neutropenia,  
(Hydab,  Krabinex,     ive  disorders   DNA  synthesis.  This  action  cuases   parameters  during  treatment.   leukopenia,  
Litalir)   20-­30  mg/kg   regressions  in  chronic  myeloid  leukemia   Chickenpox  or  herpes   thrombocytopenia;;  burning,  
 daily.  Acute   and  other  malignancies  and  psoriasis.   infection,  active  infection  or   redness  or  pain  at  site  of  
leukemia  50-­ The  S-­phase-­specifec  action  of   dental  disease,  marked  renal   radiation  therapy;;  erythema,  
75  mg/kg   hydroxyrea  can  deplete  bone  marrow   dysfunction,  gout  or   maculopapular  rash,  sore  
precurso  cells  associated  with   nephrolithiasis,  patients  who   mouth  or  lips,  skin  rash;;  fever  
megaloblastic  changes   have  received  radiation  or   or  chills,  cough  or  sore  
cytotoxic  therapy  causing   throat;;  constipation  or  
myelosuppression   diarrhea;;  stomatitis;;  difficulty  
in  micturition,  nausea,  
vomiting,  low  back  pain,  
fatigue,  hyperuricemia  
Hyoscine-­N-­ 10mg/tab,   Reversible  .blockade  of  the  actions  of   Acute  GI,  biliary  &   Avoid  driving  and  operating   Xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
butylbromide   20mg/amp   cholinomimetics  at  muscarinic  receptors   genitourinary  spasm,   machinery  after  parenteral   urinary  retention,  allergic  
(Buscopan)   1~2  tab  /  amp   including  biliary  &  renal  colic.   administration   reactions,  skin  reactions  
IV  several   Parenterally  also  as  an  aid  in  
times   diagnostic  &  therapeutic  
procedures  eg  
gastroduodenal  endoscopy,  
radiology  
Hyoscine-­N-­ 10mg/tab,   Reversible  .blockade  of  the  actions  of   Acute  GI,  biliary  &   Avoid  driving  and  operating   Xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
butylbromide   20mg/amp   cholinomimetics  at  muscarinic  receptors   genitourinary  spasm,   machinery  after  parenteral   urinary  retention,  allergic  
(Buscopan)   1~2  tab  /  amp   including  biliary  &  renal  colic.   administration   reactions,  skin  reactions  
IV  several   Parenterally  also  as  an  aid  in  
times   diagnostic  &  therapeutic  
procedures  eg  
gastroduodenal  endoscopy,  
radiology  
Ibuprofen   200mg  cap  :   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   Temporarily  relief  of  minor   Last  trimester  of  pregnancy,   Allergic  reaction,  redness  &  
1cap  Q4~6hr   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   aches  &  pains  due  to   lactation   swelling  in  the  painful  area  
100mg/5ml   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   common  cold,  flu,  sore  throat,   Special  precaution  :  severe  
susp:   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ headache,  toothache,   allergic  reaction  to  aspirin  
5~15ml   regulating  center   muscular  ache,  backache,  
Q6~8hr   minor  pain  of  arthritis,  pain  of  
  menstrual  cramp,  reduction  of  
fever  
Immuzinc   Syrup   Pediatric  mineral   Help  stimulate  the  activities  of   None   None  
Zn   sulfate   (syrup   55mg/5ml,  5ml   many  enzymes,  promoting  
55mg/5ml  =  20mg)   once  a  day   normal  biochemical  reactions  
in  the  body.  Adequate  daily  
zinc  supplementation  helps  
strengthen  the  immune  
system.  Supports  normal  
growth  &  development.  Also  
helps  in  the  management  of  
acute  diarrhea  in  infants  &  
children  
Immuzinc   Syrup   Pediatric  mineral   Help  stimulate  the  activities  of   None   None  
Zn   sulfate   (syrup   55mg/5ml,  5ml   many  enzymes,  promoting  
55mg/5ml  =  20mg)   once  a  day   normal  biochemical  reactions  
in  the  body.  Adequate  daily  
zinc  supplementation  helps  
strengthen  the  immune  
 system.  Supports  normal  
growth  &  development.  Also  
helps  in  the  management  of  
acute  diarrhea  in  infants  &  
children  
Insulin     The  dosage    The  time  course  of  action  of  any  insulin   Treatment  of  patients   Protamine  zinc  and   Lipodystrophy,  insulin  
(Humulin  R)   should  be   may  vary  considerably  in  different   with  diabetes  mellitus  for  the   isophane  insulin,  and  insulin   resistance  and  
determined   individuals  or  at  different  times  in  the   control  of  hyperglycemia.   zinc  suspensions  should   hypersensitivity  reactions  
according  to   same  individual.  As  with  all  insulin   never  be  given  IV  and  are   have  been  associated  with  
the  individual   preparations,  the  duration  of  action  of   not  indicated  for   insulin  therapy,  but  the  
requirements   Humulin  is  dependent  on  dose,  site  of   hyperglycemic  coma.   incidence  and  severity  of  
of  the  patient.   injection,  blood  supply,  temperature  and   Hypoglycemia.   these  unwanted  effects  is  
  physical  activity.     minimal  with  monocomponent  
insulin.  
Common  Problems  of  
Diabetes:  Hypoglycemia  
(Insulin  Reaction):  
Hypoglycemia  (too  little  
glucose  in  the  blood)  is  one  of  
the  most  frequent  adverse  
events  experienced  by  insulin  
users.  It  can  be  brought  about  
by:  Taking  too  much  insulin;;  
missing  or  delaying  meals;;  
exercising  or  working  more  
than  usual;;  an  infection  or  
illness  (especially  with  
diarrhea  or  vomiting);;  a  
change  in  the  body's  need  for  
insulin;;  diseases  of  the  
adrenal,  pituitary  or  thyroid  
gland,  or  progression  of  
kidney  or  liver  disease;;  
interactions  with  other  drugs  
that  lower  blood  glucose  eg,  
oral  hypoglycemics,  
salicylates  (eg,  aspirin),  sulfa  
antibiotics  and  certain  
antidepressants;;  consumption  
of  alcoholic  beverages.  
 
Ipratropum   Br   and   2.5ml  vial   Antiasthmatic  &  COPD  preparation   Management  of  revesible   Hypertrophic  obstructive   Fine  tremor  of  skeletal  
salbutamol     bronchospasm  associated   cardiomyopathy  or   muscle;;  palpitations;;  
(Combivent)   with  obstructive  airway   tachycarrhythmia.  History  of   headache,  dizziness,  
  disease  in  patients  who   hypersensitivity  to  soya   nervousness;;  dryness  of  
require  more  than  a  single   lecithin  or  related  food   mouth,  throat  irritation;;  
bronchodilator   products   urinary  retention  
Ipratropum   Br   and   2.5ml  vial   Antiasthmatic  &  COPD  preparation   Management  of  revesible   Hypertrophic  obstructive   Fine  tremor  of  skeletal  
salbutamol     bronchospasm  associated   cardiomyopathy  or   muscle;;  palpitations;;  
(Combivent)   with  obstructive  airway   tachycarrhythmia.  History  of   headache,  dizziness,  
  disease  in  patients  who   hypersensitivity  to  soya   nervousness;;  dryness  of  
 require  more  than  a  single   lecithin  or  related  food   mouth,  throat  irritation;;  
bronchodilator   products   urinary  retention  
For  the  treatment  of  essential  
150mg  daily,   HTN  &  treatment  of  renal  
nd rd
may  be   disease  in  patients  with  HTN   Pregnancy,  2  &  3   Musculoskeletal  trauma  &  
Irbesertan  (Aprovel)    
increased  up   and  type  II  diabetes  mellitus,   trimester  &  lactation   flushing  
to  300  mg.     as  part  of  an  antihypertensive  
drug  regimen.    
Isosorbide  Dinitrate   1  tab  SL   Anti  anginal   Treatment   and   prophylaxis   of   Very   low   blood   pressure,   Nitrate   headache,  
(ISDN)   acute  angina  pectoris,     acute   MI   with   reduce   filling   tachycardia,  hypotension  
pressures  except  in  ICU  
Isosorbide-­5-­ 325  mg/tab  or   Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting   Prophylactic  treatment  of   Patients  prone  to  dyspepsia   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
mononitrate   80  mg/tab   in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity   angina  pectoris.  Treatment  of   or  known  to  have  a  lesion  of   hypersensitivity  and  
(Imdur)   and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;   post-­myocardial  infarction   the  gastric  mucosa.  Do  not   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
reduces  fever  by  acting  on  the  brain’s   anginal  attacks.   administer  to  patients  with  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote   hemophilia  and  is  not  
vasodilation  and  sweating   recommended  to  infants  <1  
year.  Caution  is  necessary  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated.  
Isosorbide-­5-­ 325  mg/tab  or   Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis,  resulting     Patients  prone  to  dyspepsia   Gastric  hemorrhage,  
mononitrate   80  mg/tab   in  analgesia,  anti-­inflammatory  activity   or  known  to  have  a  lesion  of   hypersensitivity  and  
(Imdur)   and  platelet  aggregation  inhibition;;   the  gastric  mucosa.  Do  not   thrombocytopenia  may  occur  
reduces  fever  by  acting  on  the  brain’s   administer  to  patients  with  
heat-­regulating  canter  to  promote   hemophilia  and  is  not  
vasodilation  and  sweating   recommended  to  infants  <1  
year.  Caution  is  necessary  
when  renal  or  hepatic  
function  is  impaired  and  
particularly  in  children  who  
are  dehydrated.  
Isoxsuprine  HCl   10mg/tab   a  β-­adrenoceptor  agonist  with  selectivity   Treatment  of  circulatory   Recent  arterial  hemorrhage,   Transient  palpitations,  fall  in  
(Duvadilan)   of  action  for  the  smooth  muscles  of  the   disorders  &  uterine   heart  disease,  severe   BP,  dizziness.  Skin  rash  
blood  vessels,  particularly  the  cerebral   hypermotility.   anemia  
vessels  and  the  deeper  vessels  of  the  
limbs.  In  higher  doses,  isoxsuprine  has  a  
relaxant  action  on  the  smooth  muscles  of  
the  uterus.  Isoxsuprine  also  has  a  
beneficial  effect  on  blood  viscosity.  
Isoxsuprine  HCl   10mg/tab   a  β-­adrenoceptor  agonist  with  selectivity   Treatment  of  circulatory   Recent  arterial  hemorrhage,   Transient  palpitations,  fall  in  
(Duvadilan)   of  action  for  the  smooth  muscles  of  the   disorders  &  uterine   heart  disease,  severe   BP,  dizziness.  Skin  rash  
blood  vessels,  particularly  the  cerebral   hypermotility.   anemia  
vessels  and  the  deeper  vessels  of  the  
limbs.  In  higher  doses,  isoxsuprine  has  a  
relaxant  action  on  the  smooth  muscles  of  
the  uterus.  Isoxsuprine  also  has  a  
beneficial  effect  on  blood  viscosity.  
Isoxsuprine  HCl     Isoxsuprine,  a  ß-­adrenoceptor  agonist,  is     Recent  arterial  hemorrhage,   After  oral  administration,  side  
(Isoxilan)   an  orally  and  perenterally  active   heart  disease,  severe   effects  are  rare;;  palpitations,  
 peripheral  vasodilator.  It  has  a  strong   anemia.  Parenterally,   chest  pains,  mild  flushing,  
relaxing  action  on  arteries  and  to  a   hypotension,  tachycardia,   dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting  
certain  extent,  also  on  cutaneous  blood   premature  rupture  of   and  rash  have  been  reported.  
vessels.  In  addition  to  this,  it  had  a  direct   membranes  or  immediately   Parenteral  administration  can  
relaxant  effect  on  the  smooth  muscle   post  partum   result  in  tachycardia,  
tissue  of  the  uteru   palpitations,  hypotension,  
dizziness  and  flushing  which  
can  be  controlled  by  dose  
reduction  and  by  supine  
position  of  the  patient  and  
reversed  if  necessary  by  
parenteral  administration  of  
noradrenaline.  
Isoxsuprine  HCl     Isoxsuprine,  a  ß-­adrenoceptor  agonist,  is     Recent  arterial  hemorrhage,   After  oral  administration,  side  
(Isoxilan)   an  orally  and  perenterally  active   heart  disease,  severe   effects  are  rare;;  palpitations,  
peripheral  vasodilator.  It  has  a  strong   anemia.  Parenterally,   chest  pains,  mild  flushing,  
relaxing  action  on  arteries  and  to  a   hypotension,  tachycardia,   dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting  
certain  extent,  also  on  cutaneous  blood   premature  rupture  of   and  rash  have  been  reported.  
vessels.  In  addition  to  this,  it  had  a  direct   membranes  or  immediately   Parenteral  administration  can  
relaxant  effect  on  the  smooth  muscle   post  partum   result  in  tachycardia,  
tissue  of  the  uteru   palpitations,  hypotension,  
dizziness  and  flushing  which  
can  be  controlled  by  dose  
reduction  and  by  supine  
position  of  the  patient  and  
reversed  if  necessary  by  
parenteral  administration  of  
noradrenaline.  
Itopride  HCl   50  mg/tab   Activates  GI  propulsive  motility  due  to  its   Treatment  of  GI  symptoms  of   Known  hypersensitivity,  GI   Leucopenia  and  
(Ganaton)   dopamine  D2  antagonizing  activity  and   functional,  non-­ulcer   hemorrhage,  mechanical   thrombocytopenia.  Dizziness,  
acetylcholinesterase  inhibitory  activity.   dyspepsia  ie  feeling  of   obstruction  or  perforation.   headache,  tremors.  Diarrhea,  
abdominal  bloatedness,   constipation,  abdominal  pain,  
upper  abdominal  pain,   jaundice.  
heartburn,  nausea  and  
vomiting.  
Ivabradine     Is  a  pure  heart  rate  lowering  agent  acting   Symptomatic  treatment  of   Hypersensitivity  to  said  drug   Luminous  phenomena,  
by  selective  and  specific  inhibition  of  the   chronic  stable  angina  pectoris   and  heart  rate  of  <60  bpm,   blurred  vision,  palpitations,  
cardiac  pacemaker.   in  patients  with  normal  sinus   cardiogenic  shock,  severe   nausea,  constipation,  
rhythm  who  have   hypotension,  renal   headache.  
contraindication  or   insufficiency  
intolerance  to  beta  blockers.  
Ivabradine   Usual   Ivabradine  is  a  heart  rate  lowering  agent   Chronic  stable  angina   Pregnancy,  lactation,  resting   Luminous  phenomena  
(Coralan)   recommended   that  works  through  selective  and  specific   pectoris  in  coronary  artery   heart  rate  <60  beats/min   (phosphena),  blurred  vision,  
initial  dose:  5   inhibition  of  the  cardiac   disease  patients  with  normal   prior  to  treatment,   bradycardia,  1st  degree  AV-­
mg  bid.   pacemaker  If  current.  If  current  controls   sinus  rhythm   cardiogenic  shock,  acute   block,  ventricular  
Increase  if   the  spontaneous  diastolic  depolarisation   myocardial  infarction,  severe   extrasystole,  supraventricular  
necessary  to   in  the  sinus  node  and  regulate  heart  rate.   hypotension  (<90/50   extrasystoles,  palpitations,  
7.5  mg  bid   mmHg),  severe  hepatic   headache,  dizziness,  nausea,  
after  3-­4   insufficiency,  sick  sinus   constipation,  diarrhoea,  
weeks.  Titrate   syndrome,  sino-­atrial  block,   vertigo,  dyspnoea,  muscle  
downward  to   heart  failure  patients  with   cramps,  hyperuricaemia,  
 2.5-­5  mg  bid  if   NYHA  class  III-­IV,   eosinophilia,  elevated  blood-­
patient   pacemaker  dependent,   creatinine.  
develops  brady unstable  angina,  3rd  degree  
cardia  sympto AV-­block,  concurrent  use  
ms   with  potent  CYP3A4  
(e.g.  dizziness,   inhibitors.  
fatigue)  or  
resting  heart  
rate  is  
persistently  
<50  
beats/min).  
Elderly:  ≥75  yr  
old:  Initiate  
treatment  at  
2.5  mg  bid.  
Titrate  up  if  
necessary.  
Renal  
impairment:  Ca
ution  in  
patients  with  
CrCl  <15  
ml/min.  
Kalium   750  mg  durule   Needed  for  adequate  transmission  of   Hypokalemia,  prophylaxis   Renal  insufficiency,   Hyperkalemia.  
nerve  impulses  and  cardiac  contraction,   during  treatment  with   hyperkalemia,  untreated  
renal  function,  intracellular  ion   diuretics   Addison’s  disease,  
maintenance   constriction  of  the  
esophagus  &/or  obstructive  
changes  in  the  GIT.  
Ketoprofen   100-­300  mg  IV   Analgesic     Renal  impairment   GI  disorders,  headache,  
(Orudis)   daily  for  a  max   drowsiness,  dizziness,  
of  48  hrs   edema,  bullous  dermatoses  
Ketoprofen   100-­300  mg  IV   Analgesic     Renal  impairment   GI  disorders,  headache,  
(Orudis)   daily  for  a  max   drowsiness,  dizziness,  
of  48  hrs   edema,  bullous  dermatoses  
Ketorolac   30  mg  IV  TID   Analgesic,  can  also  replace  morphine  in     Special  Precautions:  in   GI  reactions,  nausea,  
trometamol     situations  involving  mild  to  moderate  pot   patients  with  impaired  renal   dyspepsia,  drowsiness,  
(Toradol)   op  pain   function.  History  of  GIT   headache,  sweating  edema,  
disease,  anaphylactoid   bradycardia,  palpitation,  
reactions,  elderly,   hypotension,  chest  pain  
coagulation  disorders.  Avoid  
driving  and  operating  
machinery  
Ketorolac   30  mg  IV  TID   Analgesic,  can  also  replace  morphine  in     Special  Precautions:  in   GI  reactions,  nausea,  
trometamol   situations  involving  mild  to  moderate  pot   patients  with  impaired  renal   dyspepsia,  drowsiness,  
(Toradol)   op  pain   function.  History  of  GIT   headache,  sweating  edema,  
disease,  anaphylactoid   bradycardia,  palpitation,  
reactions,  elderly,   hypotension,  chest  pain  
coagulation  disorders.  Avoid  
driving  and  operating  
 machinery  
Lactulose   3.3g/5ml   Laxative;;  the  fecal  bulk  is  increased  and   Constipation  associated  with   Galactosemia,  bowel   Initial  dosing  may  produce  
(Duphalac)   Starting   softened  and  peristalsis  is  stimulated,  by   ped  problems,  post-­op;;   obstruction,  hypersensitivity   flatulence  and  meteorism,  
Adult  :   which  normal  bowel  action  is  restored.   pregnancy  &  postnatal  period;;   Special  concerns  in  lactose   which  are  usually  transient  
15~45ml   Lactulose  does  not  irritate  gut  mucosa   bedridden  &  geriatric  patients;;   intolerance   and  disappear  under  
Child  :5~15ml   surgical  procedures;;  painful   continued  therapy  
Maintenance   rectal  &  anal  conditions;;   Diarrhea  
Adult  :   laxative  dependence;;  barium  
10~25ml   x-­ray  investigation;;  drug-­
Child  :5~20ml   induced  constipation  
Lactulose   3.3g/5ml   Laxative;;  the  fecal  bulk  is  increased  and   Constipation  associated  with   Galactosemia,  bowel   Initial  dosing  may  produce  
(Duphalac)   Starting   softened  and  peristalsis  is  stimulated,  by   ped  problems,  post-­op;;   obstruction,  hypersensitivity   flatulence  and  meteorism,  
Adult  :   which  normal  bowel  action  is  restored.   pregnancy  &  postnatal   Special  concerns  in  lactose   which  are  usually  transient  
15~45ml   Lactulose  does  not  irritate  gut  mucosa   period;;  bedridden  &  geriatric   intolerance   and  disappear  under  
Child  :5~15ml   patients;;  surgical  procedures;;   continued  therapy  
Maintenance   painful  rectal  &  anal   Diarrhea  
Adult  :   conditions;;  laxative  
10~25ml   dependence;;  barium  x-­ray  
Child  :5~20ml   investigation;;  drug-­induced  
constipation  
Lansoprazole   Peptic  ulcer     Peptic  ulcer   Patients  receiving   Anaphylactic  /  
(Prevacid  /   Adult:  30  mg   Hypersecretory  conditions   Atazanavir  sulfate   hypersensitivity  reactions;;  
Prevacid  FDT  /   once  daily  in   Acid-­related  dyspepsia   hepatic  &  hematologic  
Prevacid  IV)   the  morning   Gastro-­oesophageal   changes;;  GI  &  
given  for  4  wk   reflux  disease   psychoneurologic  disorders.  
(duodenal   NSAID-­associated  ulceration   IV:  pancytopenia,  
ulcer)  or  for  8   Prophylaxis  of  NSAID-­ agranulocytosis,  ,  hemolytic  
wk  (gastric   induced  ulcers   anemia,  granulocytopenia,  
ulcer).   H.pylori  infection   anemia.  Lyell  &  Stevens  
Hypersecretory   Erosive  oesophagitis   Johnson  syndrome,  interstitial  
conditions   pneumonia  &  nephritis.    
Adult:  Initially,  
60  mg  daily  
and  adjust  as  
required.  Daily  
doses  >120  
mg  should  be  
given  in  2  
divided  doses.  
Acid-­related  
dyspepsia  
Adult:  15-­30  
mg  once  daily  
in  the  morning  
for  2-­4  wk.  
Gastro-­
oesophageal  
reflux  disease  
Adult:  30  mg  
once  daily  in  
the  morning  for  
 4-­8  wk.  
Maintenance:  
15-­30  mg  once  
daily  according  
to  response.  
NSAID-­
associated  
ulceration  
Adult:  15-­30  
mg  daily  for  4-­
8  wk.  
Prophylaxis  of  
NSAID-­
induced  ulcers  
Adult:  15-­30  
mg  daily  for  4-­
8  wk.l  
H.pylori  infecti
on  
Adult:  1-­wk  
triple  therapy:  
30  mg  bid  
combined  with  
clarithromycin  
500  mg  bid  
and  either  
amoxicillin  1  g  
bid  or  
metronidazole  
400  mg  bid.  
Erosive  
oesophagitis  
Adult:  30  mg  
over  30  
minutes  daily  
for  up  to  7  
days  
Levetiracetam   500-­1500mg     Adjunctive   therapy   in   the   Hypersensitivity.   Pregnancy   Asthenia,   somnolence.  
(Keppra)   BID   treatment   of   partial   onset   and  lactation   Amnesia,   ataxia,   convulsion,  
seizures   w/   or   w/out   dizziness,   headache,  
secondary   generalization   in   hyperkinesia,   tremor,  
adults   and   children   from   4yrs   agitation,   depression,  
of  age  w/  epilepsy   emotional   lability,   hostility,  
insomnia,   nervousness,  
personality   and   mental  
disorders  
Levocetilizine   and   q  HS   Montelukast:  The  cysteinyl  leukotrienes   Relief  of  symptoms   Patients  with  a  known   Dyspepsia,  Dizziness,  Nasal  
Monteulast   (Co-­ (LTC4,  LTD4  and  LTE4)  are  potent   associated  with  seasonal  and   hypersensitivity  to   congestion,  Rash,  
altria)   inflammatory  eicosanoids  released  from   perennial  allergic  rhinitis.   montelukast  or   Somnolence,  Dry  mouth,  
various  cells  including  mast  cells  and   levocetirizine,  severe  renal   fatigue,  agitation,  convulsion  
eosinophils.  These  important  mediators   (CrCl  <10  mL/min)  or  
 bind  to  cysteinyl  leukotriene  receptors.   hepatic  impairment,  children  
Cysteinyl  leukotrienes  have  been   6-­11  years  with  renal  
correlated  with  the  pathophysiology  of   impairment.  
asthma  and  allergic  rhinitis.  In  asthma,  
leukotriene-­mediated  effects  include  
bronchoconstriction,  mucous  secretion,  
vascular  permeability  and  eosinophil  
recruitment.  In  allergic  rhinitis,  cysteinyl  
leukotrienes  are  released  from  the  nasal  
mucosa  after  allergen  exposure  during  
both  early-­  and  late-­phase  reactions  and  
are  associated  with  symptoms  of  allergic  
rhinitis.  Intranasal  challenge  with  
cysteinyl  leukotrienes  has  been  shown  to  
increase  nasal  airway  resistance  and  
symptoms  of  nasal  obstruction.  
Montelukast  is  an  orally  active  compound  
which  binds  with  high  affinity  and  
selectivity  to  the  cysteinyl  leukotriene  
type  1  receptor  thereby  preventing  
cysteinyl  leukotrienes  from  exerting  their  
effects.  
Levocetirizine:  The  active  enantiomer  of  
cetirizine  is  an  antihistamine.  Its  principal  
effects  are  mediated  via  selective  
inhibition  of  H1  receptors.  The  
antihistamine  activity  of  levocetirizine  has  
been  documented  in  a  variety  of  animal  
and  human  models  
Levocetilizine   and   q  HS   Montelukast:  The  cysteinyl  leukotrienes   Relief  of  symptoms   Patients  with  a  known   Dyspepsia,  Dizziness,  Nasal  
Monteulast   (Co-­ (LTC4,  LTD4  and  LTE4)  are  potent   associated  with  seasonal  and   hypersensitivity  to   congestion,  Rash,  
altria)   inflammatory  eicosanoids  released  from   perennial  allergic  rhinitis.   montelukast  or   Somnolence,  Dry  mouth,  
various  cells  including  mast  cells  and   levocetirizine,  severe  renal   fatigue,  agitation,  convulsion  
eosinophils.  These  important  mediators   (CrCl  <10  mL/min)  or  
bind  to  cysteinyl  leukotriene  receptors.   hepatic  impairment,  children  
Cysteinyl  leukotrienes  have  been   6-­11  years  with  renal  
correlated  with  the  pathophysiology  of   impairment.  
asthma  and  allergic  rhinitis.  In  asthma,  
leukotriene-­mediated  effects  include  
bronchoconstriction,  mucous  secretion,  
vascular  permeability  and  eosinophil  
recruitment.  In  allergic  rhinitis,  cysteinyl  
leukotrienes  are  released  from  the  nasal  
mucosa  after  allergen  exposure  during  
both  early-­  and  late-­phase  reactions  and  
are  associated  with  symptoms  of  allergic  
rhinitis.  Intranasal  challenge  with  
cysteinyl  leukotrienes  has  been  shown  to  
increase  nasal  airway  resistance  and  
symptoms  of  nasal  obstruction.  
Montelukast  is  an  orally  active  compound  
which  binds  with  high  affinity  and  
 selectivity  to  the  cysteinyl  leukotriene  
type  1  receptor  thereby  preventing  
cysteinyl  leukotrienes  from  exerting  their  
effects.  
Levocetirizine:  The  active  enantiomer  of  
cetirizine  is  an  antihistamine.  Its  principal  
effects  are  mediated  via  selective  
inhibition  of  H1  receptors.  The  
antihistamine  activity  of  levocetirizine  has  
been  documented  in  a  variety  of  animal  
and  human  models  
Levocetrlizine   and   q  HS   Montelukast:  The  cysteinyl  leukotrienes   Relief  of  symptoms   Patients  with  a  known   Dyspepsia,  Dizziness,  Nasal  
Monteulast   (Co-­ (LTC4,  LTD4  and  LTE4)  are  potent   associated  with  seasonal  and   hypersensitivity  to   congestion,  Rash,  
altria)   inflammatory  eicosanoids  released  from   perennial  allergic  rhinitis.   montelukast  or   Somnolence,  Dry  mouth,  
various  cells  including  mast  cells  and   levocetirizine,  severe  renal   fatigue,  agitation,  convulsion  
eosinophils.  These  important  mediators   (CrCl  <10  mL/min)  or  
bind  to  cysteinyl  leukotriene  receptors.   hepatic  impairment,  children  
Cysteinyl  leukotrienes  have  been   6-­11  years  with  renal  
correlated  with  the  pathophysiology  of   impairment.  
asthma  and  allergic  rhinitis.  In  asthma,  
leukotriene-­mediated  effects  include  
bronchoconstriction,  mucous  secretion,  
vascular  permeability  and  eosinophil  
recruitment.  In  allergic  rhinitis,  cysteinyl  
leukotrienes  are  released  from  the  nasal  
mucosa  after  allergen  exposure  during  
both  early-­  and  late-­phase  reactions  and  
are  associated  with  symptoms  of  allergic  
rhinitis.  Intranasal  challenge  with  
cysteinyl  leukotrienes  has  been  shown  to  
increase  nasal  airway  resistance  and  
symptoms  of  nasal  obstruction.  
Montelukast  is  an  orally  active  compound  
which  binds  with  high  affinity  and  
selectivity  to  the  cysteinyl  leukotriene  
type  1  receptor  thereby  preventing  
cysteinyl  leukotrienes  from  exerting  their  
effects.  
Levocetirizine:  The  active  enantiomer  of  
cetirizine  is  an  antihistamine.  Its  principal  
effects  are  mediated  via  selective  
inhibition  of  H1  receptors.  The  
antihistamine  activity  of  levocetirizine  has  
been  documented  in  a  variety  of  animal  
and  human  models  
Levofloxacin   250mg,  500mg   Semi-­synthetic  antibacterial  agent  that   Treatment  of  CAP,  acute   Age<19  y/o,  hypersensitivity,   Diarrhea,  nausea,  anorexia,  
tablets,  5mg/ml   inhibits  bacterial  DNA  gyrase,  necessary   bacterial  exacerbation  of   pregnancy  and  lactation.   stomatitis,  insomnia,  
x  100  ml   for  supercoiling  of  the  DNA,  thereby   chronic  bronchitis,  acute   headache  &  dizziness.  Joint  
preventing  DNA  replication  in  susceptible   maxillary  sinusitis,  UTI.   pai,  pruritus,  eczema,  
bacteria   increased  liver  enzymes,  
phlebitis.  
Linezolid   500mg/IV   Binds   to   23S   ribosomal   RNA   of   the   50S   Nosocomial  pneumonia,  CAP   Hypersensitivity   Myelosuppresion,  
subunit   preventing   formation   of   the   including  concurrent   pseudomembranous  colitis,  
bacterial  translation  process   bacteremia.  MRSA  infection   diarrhea,  headache,  nausea  
vomiting,  insomnia,  
constipation,  rash,  dizziness,  
fever  
Loperamide   2mg/cap,   Directly  acts  on  intestinal  muscles  to   Anti-­diarrheal   Constipation,  acute   Constipation,  nausea,  
(Diatabs,  Imodium)   2cap  followed   inhibit  peristalsis  and  prolongs  transit   Symptomatic  control  of  acute   ulcerative,   vomiting,  tiredness,  
by  1cap  after   time  enhancing  fluid  &  electrolyte   &  chronic  diarrhea,  ileostomy   pseudomembranous  colitis,   drowsiness  or  dizziness,  dry  
unformed  stool   movement  through  intestinal  mucosa;;   acute  dysentery   mouth  
reduces  fecal  volume,  increase  viscosity  
&  diminishes  fluid  and  electrolyte  loss;;  
demonstrates  antisecretory  activity;;  
exhibits  peripheral  action  
Loperamide   2mg/cap,     Directly  acts  on  intestinal  muscles  to   Anti-­diarrheal   Constipation,  acute   Constipation,  nausea,  
(Diatabs,  Imodium)   2cap  followed   inhibit  peristalsis  and  prolongs  transit   Symptomatic  control  of  acute   ulcerative,   vomiting,  tiredness,  
by  1cap  after   time  enhancing  fluid  &  electrolyte   &  chronic  diarrhea,  ileostomy   pseudomembranous  colitis,   drowsiness  or  dizziness,  dry  
unformed  stool   movement  through  intestinal  mucosa;;   acute  dysentery   mouth  
reduces  fecal  volume,  increase  viscosity  
&  diminishes  fluid  and  electrolyte  loss;;  
demonstrates  antisecretory  activity;;  
exhibits  peripheral  action  
Losartan   50mg/tab   Losartan  is  a  selective,  competitive   HTN.  Reduction  in  the  risk  of   Childn  w/  GFR  <30   Dizziness,  dose-­related  
2
(Cozaar)   100mg/tab   Angiotensin  II  receptor  type  1  (AT1)   CV  morbidity  &  mortality  in   mL/min/1.73  m ,  hepatic   orthostatic  effects,  rash,  
receptor  antagonist,  reducing  the  end   hypertensive  patients  w/  left   impairment.  Neonates.   asthenia/fatigue,  vertigo,  
organ  responses  to  angiotensin  II.   ventricular  hypertrophy.   hypotension  &  hyperkalemia,  
Losartan  administration  results  in  a   Renal  protection  in  type  2   hypersensitivity,  GI,  CV,  
decrease  in  total  peripheral  resistance   diabetic  patients  w/   hematologic,  
(afterload)  and  cardiac  venous  return   proteinuria.  Hypertensive   musculoskeletal,  nervous,  
(preload)  All  of  the  physiological  effects   pediatric  >1  mth-­16  yr.   psychiatric,  resp  &  
of  angiotensin  II,  including  stimulation  of   dermatologic  effects;;  
release  of  aldosterone,  are  antagonized   vomiting,  dysgeusia  &  
in  the  presence  of  losartan   erythroderma.  
Maalox   Tablet:  2-­4   Maalox  is  a  balanced  mixture  of  2   Symptomatic  relief   Use  in  severely  debilitated   Gastrointestinal  side  effects  
Al(OH)3  200mg,   tabs.   antacids:  Aluminum  hydroxide  is  a  slow-­ of  hyperacidity  and  as   patients  or  in  those  suffering   are  uncommon.  
Mg(OH)2  200mg   Suspension:  2-­ acting  antacid  and  magnesium  hydroxide   antiflatulent  to  alleviate   from  kidney  failure.   Occasionally,  high  doses  of  
4  teaspoonfuls   is  fast  acting.  The  2  are  frequently   symptoms  of  gas,  including   antacids  may  cause  diarrhea  
(10-­20  mL)  4   combined  in  antacid  mixtures.  Aluminum   post-­operation  gaspain.   or  constipation.  
times  a  day   hydroxide  on  its  own  is  astringent  and  
taken  20  min   may  cause  constipation.  This  effect  is  
to  1  hr  after   balanced  by  the  effect  of  magnesium  
meals  and  at   hydroxide,  which,  in  common  with  other  
bedtime  or  as   magnesium  salts,  may  cause  diarrhea.  
directed  by  the  
physician.  
Maalox   Chewtab  2~4   Antacids,  antireflux  &  antiulcerants   Symptomatic  relief  of   Severe  debilitation,  kidney   Rarely,  GI  disturbance  
Al(OH)3  200mg,   Susp  2~4tsp   agents   hyperacidity   failure  
Mg(OH)2  200mg   QID  
Mannitol   150cc/TSS   Increases  the  osmotic  pressure  of   Promotion  of  dieresis  in  the   Severe  impairment  of  renal   Pulmonary  congestion,  fluid  
glomerular  filtrate,  which  inhibits  tubular   prevention  or  treatment  of   function,  excessive  loss  of   electrolyte  imbalance,  
reabsorption  of  water  and  electrolytes   oliguric  phase  of  acute  renal   electrolyte,  osmotic   acidosis,  electrolyte  loss,  
 and  increases  urinary  output.   failure  before  irreversible   nephrosis,   dryness  of  mouth,  thrist,  
renal  failure  becomes   marked  dieresis,  urinary  
establish,  reduction  of   retention,  edema,  
intracranial  pressure  or  brain   headache,blurred  vision,  
mass   convulsion,  nausea  
Mannitol   0.2  g/kg  over   Mannitol  increases  urinary  output  by   Oliguric  phase  of  renal   Pulmonary  congestion  or   Fluid  and  electrolyte  
3-­5  mins   inhibiting  tubular  reabsorption  of  water   failure,  Raised  intracranial   oedema;;  intracranial   imbalance;;  acidosis  (with  
50-­100  g  in  a   and  electrolytes.  It  raises  the  osmotic   pressure,  Cerebral  oedema,   bleeding;;  CHF;;  metabolic   high  doses).  Nausea,  
24-­hr  period   pressure  of  the  plasma  allowing  water  to   Transurethral  prostatic   oedema  with  abnormal   vomiting,  thirst;;  headache,  
via  infusion   be  drawn  out  of  body  tissues.   resection   capillary  fragility;;  anuria  due   dizziness,  convulsions,  chills,  
0.25-­2  g/kg   Onset:  Diuresis:  1-­3  hr.  Reduction  in   to  severe  renal  disease;;   fever;;  tachycardia,  chest  
over  30-­60   intracerebral  pressure:  around  15  min.   severe  dehydration   pain;;  blurred  vision;;  urticaria  
mins   Duration:  Reduction  in  intracerebral   and  hypotension  or  
pressure:  1.5-­6  hr.   hypertension;;  acute  renal  
Absorption:  Small  amounts  are  absorbed   failure;;  skin  necrosis;;  
from  the  GI  tract.   thrombophloebitis.  
Distribution:  Concentrated  in  extracellular  
compartments.  It  does  not  penetrate  the  
blood-­brain  barrier  nor  the  eye.  
Mebendazole   100mg/tab   None   Inhibits  glucose  uptake,   none   Enterobiasis,  ascariasis,  
  degenerative  of  cytoplasmic   hookworm  infections,  
microtubules  in  the  cell;;   trichomoniasis,  roundworm  
interferes  with  absorption,  
secretory  function  
Mefenamic  acid   500  mg/cap   Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis  by   Pain,  headache,  muscular   GIT  ulceration  or   GI  disturbances,  bleeding,  
P.O   decreasing  the  activity  of  the  enzyme,   and  traumatic  pain,  dental   inflammation   drowsiness,  dizziness  
cyclooxygenase,  which  results  in   pain,  post-­op  &  post  partum  
decrease  formation  of  the  protaglandin   pain,  dysmenorrhea  
precursor  
Mefenamic  acid   500  mg/cap   Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis  by   Pain,  headache,  muscular   GIT  ulceration  or   GI  disturbances,  bleeding,  
P.O   decreasing  the  activity  of  the  enzyme,   and  traumatic  pain,  dental   inflammation   drowsiness,  dizziness  
cyclooxygenase,  which  results  in   pain,  post-­op  &  post  partum  
decrease  formation  of  the  protaglandin   pain,  dysmenorrhea  
precursor  
Meloxicam   15mg/tab  OD   Selective  COX-­2  inhibitor,  thus,   Management  of  RA,  acute   Cross  sensitivity  to  Aspirin   Gastrointestinal  toxicity  and  
preventing  prostaglandin  synthesis  and   exacerbation  of  OA  and   and  other  NSAIDs,  history  of   bleeding,  tinnitus,  blinding  
inflammation   ankylosing  spondylitis.   stroke,  heart  attack,   headaches,  rash,  very  dark  or  
  uncontrolled  hypertension,   black  stool  (sign  of  intestinal  
pregnancy   bleeding)  
Memantine  HCl   5-­20mg   Antagonist  action  of  CNS  NMDA   Moderate  to  severe   Hypersensitivity   Hallucination,  confusion,  
(Zimerz)   receptorsthat  may  contribute  to  the   Alzheimer’s  disease   dizziness,  headache,  
symptoms  of  Alzheimer’s  disease   tiredness  
Menadione   10mg/tab  q8   Menadione  is  a  synthetic  lipid-­soluble   Prevention  and  control  of     Hemolytic  anemia,  
vitamin  K  analogue.  It  is  an  essential   minor  to  severe  hemorrhagic   hyperbilirubinemia  &  
cofactor  in  the  hepatic  synthesis  of   disorder,  menorrhagia,  &  pre-­ kernicterus  in  newborns  
prothrombin  (factor  II)  and  other  blood   &  post-­op  procedures.   especially  in  premature  
clotting  factors  (factors  VII,  IX,  X  and   Prophylaxis  and  treatment  of   babies.  
proteins  C  and  S),  and  in  the  function  of   neonatal  hemorrhage.  
proteins  important  for  bone  development  
(e.g.  osteocalcin).  
Meropenem   500mg  IV  q6   Is  a  carbapenem  antibiotic  for  parenteral   Pneumonias,  UTI,  pelvic   Hypersensitivity  to   Allergic  reactions,  
(Meronem)   use  that  is  relatively  stable  to  human   inflammatory  disease,  skin   meropenem   inflammation  of  injection  site  
dehydropeptidase-­1.   infections,  septicemia  
 
 
 
Metformin  HCl   500mg/tab  BID   Decreases  hepatic  glucose  production,   Type  II  diabetes  mellitus  as   CHF,  impaired  hepatic  or   GI  symptoms:  diarrhea,  
decreasing  intestinal  absorption  of   monotherapy  or  in   renal  function,  diabetes   nausea,  vomiting,  abdominal  
glucose  and  improves  insulin  sensitivity   combination  with  other  oral   complicated  by  acidosis,   bleeding,  flatulence,  anorexia  
antidiabetics.   infection  or  gangrene.  
Methotrexate   Induction  3.3   Inhibits  dihydrofolic  acid  reductase  and     Preexisting  liver  damage  or   Dermatological  &  
(Biomedis   mg/m2  w/   therefore  interferes  with  DNA  synthesis   impaired  hepatic  function.   hypersensitivity  reactions.  
Methotrexate   soln,   prednisolone   and  cell  replication.  Actively  multiplying   Malignant  disease  w/   Bone  marrow  depression,  
Emthexate   vial,   60  mg/m2   cells  such  as  malignant  cells,  bone   preexisting  bone  marrow   leucopenia,  neutropenia,  
Methobax   vial,   daily.   marrow,  foetal  cells,  buccal  and  intestinal   aplasia,  leucopenia,   thrombocytopenia,  decreased  
Pfizer   Methotrexate   Maintenance   mucosa  and  cells  in  urinary  bladder  are   thrombocytopenia  or   serum  albumin,  anemia,  
vial)   therapy  30   more  sensitive.  In  patients  with   anaemia.  Infection,  peptic   pancytopenia,  
mg/m2  IM   rheumatoid  arthritis,  mehtotrexate   ulcer,  ulcerative  colitis,   hypogammaglobulinemia.  
twice   reduces  joint  swelling  and  tenderness   debility  &  extreme  youth  &   Mucositis,  anorexia,  nausea,  
wkly  or  2.5   old  age.  Monitor  renal   vomiting,  diarrhea,  abdominal  
mg/kg  IV  every   function  &  serum  levels   distress,  hematemesis,  
14  days   when  giving  high  dose;;  give   melena,  Renal  failure,  
Ca  folinate,  hydration  &   azotemia,  cystitis,  hematuria,  
urine  alkalinisation   urogenital  or  menstrual  
dysfunction  
Methotrexate   Induction  3.3   Inhibits  dihydrofolic  acid  reductase  and     Preexisting  liver  damage  or   Dermatological  &  
(Biomedis   mg/m2  w/   therefore  interferes  with  DNA  synthesis   impaired  hepatic  function.   hypersensitivity  reactions.  
Methotrexate  soln,   prednisolone   and  cell  replication.  Actively  multiplying   Malignant  disease  w/   Bone  marrow  depression,  
Emthexate  vial,   60  mg/m2   cells  such  as  malignant  cells,  bone   preexisting  bone  marrow   leucopenia,  neutropenia,  
Methobax  vial,   daily.   marrow,  foetal  cells,  buccal  and  intestinal   aplasia,  leucopenia,   thrombocytopenia,  
Pfizer  Methotrexate   Maintenance   mucosa  and  cells  in  urinary  bladder  are   thrombocytopenia  or   decreased  serum  albumin,  
vial)   therapy  30   more  sensitive.  In  patients  with   anaemia.  Infection,  peptic   anemia,  pancytopenia,  
mg/m2  IM   rheumatoid  arthritis,  mehtotrexate   ulcer,  ulcerative  colitis,   hypogammaglobulinemia.  
twice     reduces  joint  swelling  and  tenderness   debility  &  extreme  youth  &   Mucositis,  anorexia,  nausea,  
wkly  or  2.5   old  age.  Monitor  renal   vomiting,  diarrhea,  abdominal  
mg/kg  IV  every   function  &  serum  levels  when   distress,  hematemesis,  
14  days   giving  high  dose;;  give  Ca   melena,  Renal  failure,  
folinate,  hydration  &  urine   azotemia,  cystitis,  hematuria,  
alkalinisation   urogenital  or  menstrual  
dysfunction  
rd
Methylergometrine   125~250mg   Similar  smooth  muscle  actions  as  seen   Completion  of  3  stage  labor.   Abnormal  presentation,   Headache,  HTN,  skin  
hydrogen  maleate   orally  TID   with  ergotamine;;  however,  affects   Uterine  atony/hemorrhage   before  delivery  of  child  is   eruptions,  abdominal  pain  
(Methergin)   primarily  uterine  smooth  muscle   completed  &  in  multiple  birth  
producing  sustained  contractions  and   not  before  the  last  child  has  
thereby  shorten  the  third  stage  of  labor   bee  delivered.  
rd
Methylergometrine   125~250mg   Similar  smooth  muscle  actions  as  seen   Completion  of  3  stage  labor.   Abnormal  presentation,   Headache,  HTN,  skin  
hydrogen  maleate   orally  TID   with  ergotamine;;  however,  affects   Uterine  atony/hemorrhage   before  delivery  of  child  is   eruptions,  abdominal  pain  
(Methergin)   primarily  uterine  smooth  muscle   completed  &  in  multiple  birth  
producing  sustained  contractions  and   not  before  the  last  child  has  
thereby  shorten  the  third  stage  of  labor   bee  delivered.  
Methylergonovine     Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions     Documented   xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
(Syntocinon)   and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   hypersensitivity;;  pregnant   urinary  retention,  allergic  
vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   patients  with  severe   reactions,  skin  reactions  
control  postpartum  bleeding  or   toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   positions,  and  a  contracting  
myometrial  tonus   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  
in  which  vaginal  delivery  
should  be  avoided,  such  as  
invasive  cervical  carcinoma,  
cord  presentation  or  
prolapse,  active  herpes  
genitalis,  total  placenta  
previa,  and  vasa  previa  
Methylergonovine     Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions     Documented  hypersensitivity;;   xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
(Syntocinon)   and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   pregnant  patients  with  severe   urinary  retention,  allergic  
vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal   reactions,  skin  reactions  
control  postpartum  bleeding  or   positions,  and  a  contracting  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
myometrial  tonus   hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  in  
which  vaginal  delivery  should  
be  avoided,  such  as  invasive  
cervical  carcinoma,  cord  
presentation  or  prolapse,  
active  herpes  genitalis,  total  
placenta  previa,  and  vasa  
previa  
Metoclopramide   Adult:  PO   Metoclopramide  enhances  the  motility  of   Diabetic  gastric  stasis,  renal   GI  haemorrhage,   Extrapyramidal  symptoms,  
HCl   Diabetic   the  upper  GI  tract  and  increases  gastric   impairment,  hepatic   mechanical  obstruction  and   restlessness,  drowsiness,  
(Reglan,  Plasil)   gastric  stasis   emptying  without  affecting  gastric,  biliary   impairment,  nausea  and   perforation;;   anxiety,  diarrhoea,  
10  mg  4   or  pancreatic  secretions.  It  increases   vomiting  associated  with   phaeochromocytoma;;   hypotension,  hypertension,  
times/day.   duodenal  peristalsis  which  decreases   cancer  chemotherapy  or   history  of  seizures.   headache,  depression,  blood  
Usual  duration:   intestinal  transit  time,  and  increases   radiotherapy,  gastro-­ disorders  (e.g.  
2-­8  wk.   lower  oesophageal  sphincter  tone.  It  is   esophageal  reflux  disease.   aganulocytosis,  
Nausea  and   also  a  potent  central  dopamine-­receptor   methaemoglobinaemia),  
vomiting   antagonist  and  may  also  have  serotonin-­ hypersensitivity  reactions  
associated  w/   receptor  (5-­HT3)  antagonist  properties.   (e.g.  bronchospasm,  rash),  
cancer   Absorption:  Rapidly  and  almost   galactorrhoea  or  related  
chemotherapy   completely  absorbed  from  the  GI  tract   disorders,  transient  increase  
or  radiotherapy   (oral);;  peak  plasma  concentrations  after   in  plasma  aldosterone  levels.  
2  mg/kg  1  hr   1-­2  hr.   Potentially  Fatal:  Neuroleptic  
before  start  of   Distribution:  Widely  distributed;;  crosses   malignant  syndrome;;  cardiac  
treatment.   the  blood-­brain  barrier  and  placenta;;   conduction  disorders  may  
Repeat  dose  3   enters  breast  milk.   occur  with  IV  dosage  form.  
times  at  2-­hrly   Metabolism:  Extensively  hepatic.  
intervals.  May   Excretion:  Via  urine  (as  unchanged  drug,  
repeat  2   sulfate  or  glucuronide  conjugates  and  
additional   metabolites),  faeces;;  4-­6  hr  (terminal  
doses  at  3-­hrly   elimination  half-­life).  
intervals  if  
needed.  Max:  
12  mg/kg/day.  
Gastro-­
oesophageal  
reflux  disease  
10-­15  mg  up  to  
4  times/day,  
depending  on  
severity  of  
symptoms.  
Delayed  
emesis  
following  
chemotherapy  
20-­40  mg  2-­4  
times/day  for  
3-­4  days.  IV  
Nausea  and  
vomiting  
associated  w/  
cancer  
chemotherapy  
Highly  
emetogenic  
regimens:  2  
mg/kg  30  mins  
before  start  of  
treatment.  
Repeat  twice  
at  2-­hrly  
intervals.  Less  
emetogenic  
regimens:  1  
mg/kg.  If  
vomiting  is  not  
well-­controlled,  
3  additional  
doses  at  2  
mg/kg/dose  3-­
hrly.  If  vomiting  
is  well-­
controlled  w/  
the  1st  3  
doses,  may  
reduce  dose  to  
1  mg/kg  3-­hrly  
for  3  additional  
doses.  
Intubation  of  
the  small  
intestine;;  
Premed  for  
radiologic  
examination  of  
 the  upper  GI  
tract  10  mg  as  
a  single  direct  
inj.  IV/IM  
Diabetic  
gastric  stasis  
10  mg  4  
times/day.  
Convert  to  PO  
when  possible.  
Usual  duration:  
2-­8  wk.  IM  
Post-­op  
nausea  and  
vomiting  10  mg  
near  the  end  of  
the  procedure.  
Repeat  4-­6  
hrly  when  
needed.  
Metoclopramide   10mg/tab,   Metoclopramide  stimulates  motility  of  the   Antiemetic,  prokinetic  agent   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical   In  approximately  10%  
HCl   5mg/5ml  susp.   upper  GIT  without  stimulating  gastric,   Disturbances  of  GI  motility   obstruction  or  perforation,   restlessness,  drowsiness,  
(Reglan,  Plasil)   10-­15mg  QID,   biliary  or  pancreatic  secretions.  Its  mode   including  GERD  &  diabetic   pheochromocytoma,   fatigue  and  lassitude.  Less  
30  minutes   of  action  is  unclear.  It  seems  to  sensitize   gastroparesis.  Nausea  &   epileptics   frequently,  insomnia,  
before  food   tissues  to  the  action  of  acetylcholine.  The   vomiting  of  central  &   headache,  dizziness,  nausea  
intak  IV,  Tab,   effect  of  metoclopramide  on  motility  is  not   peripheral  origin  associated   or  bowel  disturbances  may  
Syrup   dependent  on  intact  vagal  innervation,   with  surgery,  metabolic   occur  
but  it  can  be  abolished  by   disease,  infectious  disease,  
anticholinesterase.  Blocks  dopamine  and   migraine  headache  or  drugs  
serotonin  in  the  CTZ  of  the  CNS,  which  is   including  cancer  
responsible  for  its  antiemetic  action.  Also   chemotherapy.  Facilitate  
increases  LES  tone   small  bowel  intubation  &  
radiological  procedure  of  GIT  
Metoprolol     The  ß-­blocking  activity  primarily  affects     Lactation:  excreted  in  breast   CV:  hypotension,  edema,  
(Neobloc)   the  cardiovascular  system  (decreases   milk;;  Children:  safety  and   flushing;;  bradycardia;;  CNS:  
heart  rate,  decreases  contractility,   efficacy  not  established;;   headache,  fatigue,  dizziness,  
decreases  BP)  and  lungs  (promotes   Anaphylaxis:  Deaths  have   depression,  lethargy,  
bronchospasm)   occurred;;  aggressive   drowsiness,  forgetfulness;;  
therapy  may  be  required;;  AV   sleepiness;;  vertigo,  
block,  slows  AV  conduction   paresthesia;;  DERM:  rash,  
and  may  cause  heart  block;;   facial  erythema;;  alopecia,  
Bradycardia   urticaria,  pruritus;;  EENT:  dry  
eyes,  visual  disturbances;;  GI:  
Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea;;  
GU:  impotence,  urinary  
retention,  difficulty  with  
urination  
Metoprolol     The  ß-­blocking  activity  primarily  affects     Lactation:  excreted  in  breast   CV:  hypotension,  edema,  
(Neobloc)   the  cardiovascular  system  (decreases   milk;;  Children:  safety  and   flushing;;  bradycardia;;  CNS:  
heart  rate,  decreases  contractility,   efficacy  not  established;;   headache,  fatigue,  dizziness,  
decreases  BP)  and  lungs  (promotes   Anaphylaxis:  Deaths  have   depression,  lethargy,  
 bronchospasm)   occurred;;  aggressive  therapy   drowsiness,  forgetfulness;;  
may  be  required;;  AV  block,   sleepiness;;  vertigo,  
slows  AV  conduction  and   paresthesia;;  DERM:  rash,  
may  cause  heart  block;;   facial  erythema;;  alopecia,  
Bradycardia   urticaria,  pruritus;;  EENT:  dry  
eyes,  visual  disturbances;;  GI:  
Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea;;  
GU:  impotence,  urinary  
retention,  difficulty  with  
urination  
Metronidazole   500mg  every  8   A  direct  acting  trichomonacide  and   Amoebiasis,  giardiasis,   Hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   vertigo,  headache,  ataxia,  
hours   amebecide  that  works  at  both  intestinal   urethritis  &  vaginitis  due  to   other  nitroimidazole   dizziness,syncope,  confusion,  
IV,  Oral   and  extraintestinal  sites.  Thought  to   trichomonas,  aerobic  infection   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   irritability,weakness,  
st
enter  the  cells  of  microorganisms  that   1  trimester  of  pregnancy   depression  
contain  nitroreductase.  Unstable  
compounds  are  then  formed  that  bind  to  
DNA  and  inhibit  synthesis,  causing  cell  
death  
Metronidazole   500mg  every  8   A  direct  acting  trichomonacide  and   Amoebiasis,  giardiasis,   Hypersensitive  to  the  drug  or   vertigo,  headache,  ataxia,  
hours     amebecide  that  works  at  both  intestinal   urethritis  &  vaginitis  due  to   other  nitroimidazole   dizziness,syncope,  
IV,  Oral   and  extraintestinal  sites.  Thought  to  enter   trichomonas,  aerobic   derivatives  and  in  patients  in   confusion,  
st
the  cells  of  microorganisms  that  contain   infection   1  trimester  of  pregnancy   irritability,weakness,  
nitroreductase.  Unstable  compounds  are   depression  
then  formed  that  bind  to  DNA  and  inhibit  
synthesis,  causing  cell  death  
Metronidazole   500   1  vag  supp   Metronidazole  is  converted  to  reduction   Mixed  infectious  vaginitis,   Digitalis  toxicity,  ventricular   Local  irritation  
mg,   nystatin   before  retiring   products  that  interact  with  DNA  to  cause   trichomonal  vaginitis,  monilial   tachycardia/fibrillation,  
100,000  IU.   for  7-­10  days   destruction  of  helical  DNA  structure  and   vaginitis,  other  fungal   obstructive  cardiomyopathy.  
(Flagystatin)   strand  leading  to  a  protein  synthesis   infections.   Arrhythmias  due  to  
inhibition  and  cell  death  in  susceptible   accessory  pathways  (e.g.  
organisms.  It  is  effective  against  a  wide   Wolff-­Parkinson-­White  
range  of  organisms  including  E.   syndrome).  
histolytica,  T.  vaginalis,  Giardia,  
anaerobes  e.g.  Bacterioides  sp,  
Fusobacterium  sp,  Clostridium  sp,  
Peptococcus  sp  and  Peptostreptococcus  
sp,  and  moderately  active  against  
Gardnerella  sp  and  Campylobacter  sp  
Nystatin,  a  polyene  antifungal,  binds  to  
ergosterol  in  the  fungal  cell  membrane.  
This  binding  affects  the  cell  wall  
permeability  allowing  leakage  of  cellular  
contents.  
MgSO4   4grams,  slow   Magnesium  prevents  or  controls   For  eclampsia  or   I.V.  magnesium  should  not   The  adverse  effects  of  
IV   convulsions  by  blocking  neuromuscular   preeclampsia;;    For   be  given  to  mothers  with   parenterally  administered  
transmission  and  decreasing  the  amount   replacement  therapy  in   toxemia  of  pregnancy  during   magnesium  usually  are  the  
of  acetylcholine  liberated  at  the  end  plate   magnesium  deficiency,   the  2  hours  preceding   result  of  magnesium  
by  the  motor  nerve  impulse.  Magnesium   especially  in  acute   delivery.   intoxication.  These  include  
is  said  to  have  a  depressant  effect  on  the   hypomagnesemia   flushing,  sweating,  
CNS,  but  it  does  not  adversely  affect  the   accompanied  by  signs  of   hypotension,  depressed  
mother,  fetus  or  neonate  when  used  as   tetany  similar  to  those   reflexes,  flaccid  paralysis,  
 directed  in  eclampsia  or  pre-­eclampsia.   observed  in  hypocalcemia   hypothermia,  circulatory  
collapse,  cardiac  and  CNS  
depression  proceeding  to  
respiratory  paralysis.  
Hypocalcemia,  with  signs  of  
tetany  secondary  to  
magnesium  sulfate  therapy  
for  eclampsia,  has  been  
reported.  
Midazolam   ½  tablet       Acute  narrow  angle   Sedation,  hypnosis,  
(Dormicum)   initially  then  ½   glaucoma,  premature  infants   anesthesia,  anticonvulsant,  
tablet  every  2   muscle  relaxant  
hours  prior  to  
operation  
Midazolam   ½  tablet       Acute  narrow  angle   Sedation,  hypnosis,  
(Dormicum)   initially  then  ½   glaucoma,  premature  infants   anesthesia,  anticonvulsant,  
tablet  every  2   muscle  relaxant  
hours  prior  to  
operation  
Montelukast   4mg,  10mg   Binds  with  cysteinyl  leukotriene  receptors   Management  of  bronchial   Acute  asthma  attack  during   Dream  abnormalities  
tablets   to  prevent  action  of  cysteinyl  leukotrienes   asthma  and  allergic  rhinitis.   status  asthmaticus   hallucinations,  palpitations,  
which  are  associated  with  symtoms  of   drowsiness,  irritability,  
asthma,  including  airway  edema,   restlessness,  insomnia,  
increased  capillary  permeability,  smooth   increased  sweating,  N/V,  
muscle  contraction  and  inflammation   dyspepsia,  diarrhea,  myalgia,  
increased  bleeding  tendency,  
bruising,  edema,  tremor.  
Morphine  sulfate     Analgesic  and  for  sedation   Prolonged  relief  of  moderate   Patients  with  known   Abdominal  pain,  anorexia,  
to  severe  pain   hypersensitivity  to  the  drug,   constipation,  dry  mouth,  
with  respiratory  depression,   nausea,  vomiting,  confusion,  
patients  with  paralytic  ileus   headache.  
Mosapride   Citrate   50  mg/tab   Prokinetic  drugs/  anti  flatulents   Treatment  of  GIT  symptoms   GI  hemorrhage,  mechanical   Diarrjea,  loose  stools,  dry  
(Gasmotin)     associated  with  functional   obstruction  or  perforation.   mouth,  malaise,    
dyspepsia  and  chronic   hypersensitivity  
gastritis  (heartburn,  nausea,  
vomiting)  
Moxifloxacin   400mg  /  tab   Inhibits  DNA  gyrase  and  Topoisomerase   Antibiotic  /  Quinolone   Caution  for  use  with  other   Dizziness  (3%)  Nausea  (7%)  
(Avelox)   once  a  day   IV.  This  results  in  inhibition  of  DNA   QTc  prolonging  drugs  and   Diarrhea  (6%)  
replication  and  translation,  DNA  repair,   corticosteroids.  May  
recombination  and  transposition,  which   aggravate  myasthenia  gravis  
causes  bacterial  cell  death  
Moxifloxacin   400mg  /  tab   Inhibits  DNA  gyrase  and  Topoisomerase   Antibiotic  /  Quinolone   Caution  for  use  with  other   Dizziness  (3%)  Nausea  (7%)  
(Avelox)   once  a  day   IV.  This  results  in  inhibition  of  DNA   QTc  prolonging  drugs  and   Diarrhea  (6%)  
replication  and  translation,  DNA  repair,   corticosteroids.  May  
recombination  and  transposition,  which   aggravate  myasthenia  gravis  
causes  bacterial  cell  death  
Moxifloxacin  HCl   1  drop  tid  for  4     Treatment  of   Hypersensitivity  to   Transient  ocular  discomfort,  
(Vigamox)   days.   bacterial  conjunctivitis.   moxifloxacin  or  to  other   burning  &  stinging.  Ocular  
quinolones.   pain,  pruritus  &  hyperemia.  
Headache,  keratitis,  
pharyngitis  &  subconjunctival  
 hemorrhage.  
Mupirocin  ointment   Apply  up  to   Interferes  with  bacterial  protein  synthesis   Primary  and  secondary  skin   Hypersensitivity   Burning  sensation,  stinging,  
TID  for  10   infections  including   itching,  cutaneous  
days   methicillin-­resistant  strains   sensitization  reactions  
Myrin     300/150/75  mg   Oral  chemotherapeutic  agent  which  is       Ethambutol  may  produce  
(Ethambutol   HCl,   tab  once  a  day   specially  effective  against  actively   decrease  in  visual  acuity  
Rifampicin,   growing  microorganisms  of  the  genus   which  appear  to  be  due  to  
Isoniazid)   Mycobacterium   optic  neuritis  and  to  be  
related  to  dose  and  duration  
of  treatment.  The  effects  are  
generally  reversible  when  
administration  of  the  drug  is  
discontinued  promptly.  
Isoniazid:  peripheral  
neuropathy  is  the  most  
common  toxic  effect.  It  is  
dose-­related,  occurs  most  
often  in  the  malnourished  and  
in  those  predisposed  to  
neuritis,  and  is  usually  
preceded  by  paresthesias  of  
the  feet  and  hand.  Pyridoxine  
has  been  used  successfully  
for  prophylaxis  and  treatment  
of  isoniazid  induced  
peripheral  neuritis.  Severe  
and  sometimes  fatal  hepatitis  
associated  with  isoniazid  
therapy  may  occur  and  may  
develop  even  after  many  
months  of  treatment.  The  risk  
of  developing  hepatitis  is  age-­
related  and  is  increased  with  
daily  consumption  of  alcohol.  
Urinary  disturbance  in  the  
male,  constipation  and  
dryness  of  the  mouth  have  
been  reported.  
Rifampicin:  GI  disturbances,  
headache,  drowsiness,  
fatigue,  menstrual  
disturbances,  ataxia,  
dizziness,  fatigue,  metal  
disturbances.  Chronic  liver  
disease,  alcoholism  and  old  
age  appear  to  increase  the  
incidence  of  severe  hepatic  
problems  when  rifampicin  is  
given  alone  or  concurrently  
with  isoniazid  
Myrin     300/150/75  mg   Oral  chemotherapeutic  agent  which  is       Ethambutol  may  produce  
 (Ethambutol  HCl,   tab  once  a  day   specially  effective  against  actively   decrease  in  visual  acuity
Rifampicin,   growing  microorganisms  of  the  genus   which  appear  to  be  due  to
Isoniazid)   Mycobacterium   optic  neuritis  and  to  be
Nalbuphine   5  mg  IM  0.15-­
(Nubain)   0.2  mg/kg  BW   Alters  the  perception  of  and  response  to   function,  biliary  tract  surgery,   sweating,  GI  upsets,  vertigo,
generalized  CNS  depression.  Decrease   labour  and  delivery   headache,  allergic  reactions
Nalbuphine   5  mg  IM  0.15-­
 
 
 
related  to  dose  and  duration  
of  treatment.  The  effects  are  
generally  reversible  when  
administration  of  the  drug  is  
discontinued  promptly.  
Isoniazid:  peripheral  
neuropathy  is  the  most  
common  toxic  effect.  It  is  
dose-­related,  occurs  most  
often  in  the  malnourished  
and  in  those  predisposed  to  
neuritis,  and  is  usually  
preceded  by  paresthesias  of  
the  feet  and  hand.  Pyridoxine  
has  been  used  successfully  
for  prophylaxis  and  treatment  
of  isoniazid  induced  
peripheral  neuritis.  Severe  
and  sometimes  fatal  hepatitis  
associated  with  isoniazid  
therapy  may  occur  and  may  
develop  even  after  many  
months  of  treatment.  The  risk  
of  developing  hepatitis  is  
age-­related  and  is  increased  
with  daily  consumption  of  
alcohol.  Urinary  disturbance  
in  the  male,  constipation  and  
dryness  of  the  mouth  have  
been  reported.  
Rifampicin:  GI  disturbances,  
headache,  drowsiness,  
fatigue,  menstrual  
disturbances,  ataxia,  
dizziness,  fatigue,  metal  
disturbances.  Chronic  liver  
disease,  alcoholism  and  old  
age  appear  to  increase  the  
incidence  of  severe  hepatic  
problems  when  rifampicin  is  
given  alone  or  concurrently  
with  isoniazid  
Binds  to  opiate  receptors  in  the  CNS.   Opioid  Analgesic   Impaired  renal  or  hepatic   Sedation,  infrequently  
 
painful  stimuli,  while  producing   impaired  respiration,  MI,   dizziness,  dry  mouth,  
 
in  moderate  and  severe  pain  
Binds  to  opiate  receptors  in  the  CNS.   Opioid  Analgesic   Impaired  renal  or  hepatic   Sedation,  infrequently  
 (Nubain)   0.2  mg/kg  BW   Alters  the  perception  of  and  response  to   function,  biliary  tract  surgery,   sweating,  GI  upsets,  vertigo,  
painful  stimuli,  while  producing   impaired  respiration,  MI,   dizziness,  dry  mouth,  
generalized  CNS  depression.  Decrease   labour  and  delivery   headache,  allergic  reactions  
in  moderate  and  severe  pain  
Naproxen  Na     Inhibits  prostaglandin  synthesis  by   For  the  relief  of  signs  and   Apirin  intolerance,  advanced   Rash,  ringing  in  the  ears,  
(Flanax  Forte)   decreasing  the  activity  of  the  enzyme   symptoms  of  rheumatoid   renal  failure,  active  peptic   headaches,  dizziness,  
cyclooxygenase,  which  results  in   arthritis,  osteoarthritis,   ulcer   drowsiness,  abdominal  pain,  
decreased  formation  of  prostaglandin   ankylosing  spondylitis,   nausea,  diarrhea,  
precursors   juvenile  arthritis   constipation,  heartburn,  fluid  
retention,  shortness  of  breath,  
stomach  and  intestinal  
bleeding  and  ulcers,  black  
tarry  stools,  weakness,  
Nasatapp   Tab  :  1  tab  BID   Cough  &  cold  preparations   Allergic  &  vasomotor  or  other   HTN,  coronary  disease.   Severe  HTN,  drowsiness,  
(Tab/syrup/drop):   Syrup  :1.25~5 hyperactive  nasal  disorders  &   Concurrent  use  or  use  w/in   lassitude,  nausea,  giddiness,  
Brompheniramine   ml  TID   acute  coryza.  Relief  of  nasal   2weeks  of  MAOIs.  Brain   dry  mouth,  mydriasis,  
Maleate   12/4/2mg,   Drops  :   congestion  &  hypersecretion   damage  or  epilepsy.   increased  irritability  &  
Phenylpropanolami 0.5~1ml  TID   in  infants  &  children  up  to   Premature  infants  or   excitement  
ne   HCL   12yr   neonates.  
15/12.5/6.25mg)  
Nicardipine   Oral:  20,30  mg   Potent  peripheral  vasodilator.  Little     Severe  aortic  stenosis   Peripheral  edema;;  dizziness,  
(Cardepine)   Parenteral:  2.5   depression  of  nodes.  Causes  reflex   nausea,  transient  
mg/mL   increase  in  heart  rate  and  output   hypotension,  MI,  reflex  
tachycardia,  pulmonary  
edema,  fewer  myocardial  
infarctions,  more  palpitations  
Nicardipine  HCl   Oral:  20,30  mg   Potent  peripheral  vasodilator.  Little   Hypertensive  emergencies  or   Severe  aortic  stenosis.   Peripheral  edema;;  dizziness,  
(Cardepine)   Parenteral:  2.5   depression  of  nodes.  Causes  reflex   urgencies,  periop  &  post-­op   Patients  who  do  not  have   nausea,  transient  
mg/mL   increase  in  heart  rate  and  output   HTN,  hypertensive  states  of   complete  hemostasis   hypotension,  MI,  reflex  
NPO  patients   following  intracranial   tachycardia,  pulmonary  
hemorrhage.  Increased   edema,  fewer  myocardial  
intracranial  pressure  during   infarctions,  more  palpitations  
acute  phase  of  a  stroke  
Nifedipine   10mg  TID  or   Inhibits  calcium  ion  from  passing  through   All  forms  of  HTN;;  HTN  in   Hypersensityvity  to  any   Flushing,  Edema,  Headache,  
(Adalat,   Calibloc,   30mg  OD   slow  channels  on  voltage  sensitive  areas   pregnancy;;  coronary   component  of  nifedipine   dizziness,  Weakness,  
Calchek,   Nelapine,   (Extended   of  both  smooth  muscle  and  myocardium,   insufficiency  w/  or  w/o  angina;;   tablet  or  capsule.   transient  hypotension  
Nifelan)   release   causing  coronary  vasodilation,  stabilizes   vasospastic  angina,  to   Do  not  use  short  acting    
tablets)  max   cell  membranes.  Increases  myocardial   increase  heart  rate  in  sinus   nifedipine  in  cases  of  
120-­ oxygen  sypply   bradycardia  &  sick  sinus   emergency,  serious  side  
180mg/day   syndrome   effects  such  as0020CVD,  
syncope,  heart  block,  stroke,  
AMI,  etc.),  Avoid  with  
concurrent  intake  of  
grapefruit  juice.  Do  not  
withdraw  abruptly  in  
Hypertensive  patients  
Nifedipine   10mg  TID  or   Inhibits  calcium  ion  from  passing  through     Hypersensityvity  to  any   Flushing,  Edema,  Headache,  
(Adalat,  Calibloc,   30mg  OD   slow  channels  on  voltage  sensitive  areas   component  of  nifedipine   dizziness,  Weakness,  
Calchek,  Nelapine,   (Extended   of  both  smooth  muscle  and  myocardium,   tablet  or  capsule.   transient  hypotension  
Nifelan)   release   causing  coronary  vasodilation,  stabilizes   Do  not  use  short  acting    
tablets)  max   cell  membranes.  Increases  myocardial   nifedipine  in  cases  of  
 120-­ oxygen  sypply   emergency,  serious  side  
180mg/day   effects  such  as0020CVD,  
syncope,  heart  block,  stroke,  
AMI,  etc.),  Avoid  with  
concurrent  intake  of  
grapefruit  juice.  Do  not  
withdraw  abruptly  in  
Hypertensive  patients  

Nitroglycerin  causes  a  relaxation  of  

vascular  smooth  muscle  thereby  
inducing  a  vasodilatation.  Both   Prophylaxis  of  angina  
peripheral  arteries  and  veins  are   pectoris.  Long-­term   Acute  circulatory  failure,   transient  headache,  reflex  
relaxed  by  nitroglycerin.  The  latter   treatment  of  CHD.   severe  hypotension,   tachycardia,  postural  
Nitroglycerine    
effect  promotes  venous  pooling  of   Treatment  of  chronic  heart   acute  MI.  Avoid  sildenafil,   hypotension,  nausea,  
blood  and  decreases  venous  return  to   failure  in  combination  w/   tadalafil,  vardenafil   dizziness,  allergy.  
   
   
   

the  heart,  thereby  reducing  ventricular   digitalis  &/or  diuretics.  

 
 
 

end-­diastolic  pressure  and  volume  

(preload).  
 
 

Ofloxacin   200mg  IV   Blocks  bacterial  DNA  synthesis  by   Lower  respiratory  tract   Hypersensitivity  to   GI  effects,  neurological  
(Inoflox)   every  8  hours   inhibiting  bacterial  topoisomerase  II   infections,  skin,  and  skin   quinolones,  Pregnancy  and   reactions,  superinfection,  
(DNA  gyrase)  and  topoisomerase  IV   structure  infections,   lactation.  Children.   tendenitis  
  prostatitis,  STD,  Acute  
uncomplicatied  gonorrhea,  
Typhoid  fever,  Shigella  
enteritis  
Ofloxacin   200mg  IV   Blocks  bacterial  DNA  synthesis  by   Lower  respiratory  tract   Hypersensitivity  to   GI  effects,  neurological  
(Inoflox)   every  8  hours   inhibiting  bacterial  topoisomerase  II   infections,  skin,  and  skin   quinolones,  Pregnancy  and   reactions,  superinfection,  
(DNA  gyrase)  and  topoisomerase  IV   structure  infections,   lactation.  Children.   tendenitis  
  prostatitis,  STD,  Acute  
uncomplicatied  gonorrhea,  
Typhoid  fever,  Shigella  
enteritis  
Olmesartan   20mg-­40mg     Dizziness,  vertigo,  
Hypersensitivity  
medoxomil   OD   hypotension,  angina  pectoris,  
Blocks  the  vasoconstrictor  and   Hepatic  impairment  
(Olmetec)   bronchitis,  cough,  pharyngitis,  
aldosterone  secreting  effects  of   Severe  renal  impairment  
rhinitis,  abdominal  pain,  
angiotensin  II  by  selectively  blocking  the   Treatment  of  essential   Primary  aldosteronism  
diarrhea,  dyspepsia,  
binding  of  the  angiotensin  II  to  the   hypertension   Pregnancy  &  lactation  
gastroenteritis,  nausea,  rash,  
angiotensin  I  receptor  in  the  vascular   Biliary  obstruction  
arthritis,  back  pain.,  skeletal  
smooth  muscle.   Children  &  adolescents  up  to  
pain,  hematuria,  UTI,  chest  
18yrs  of  age  
pain,  fatigue,  hypersensitivity  
Omeprazole   20mg  OD   Suppresses  gastric  acid  secretion  by   Duodenal  ulcer,prevention  of   Presence  of  significant   Headache,  diarrhea,  
(Losec,   inhibiting  the  parietal  cell  H+/K+  ATP   relapse  of  duodenal  ulcer,   unintentional  weight  loss,   constipation,  abdominal  pain,  
Mepracid,Hovizol)   pump   gastric  ulcer  and  reflux   recurrent  vomiting,   nausea,  vomiting,  flatulence.  
esophagitis,  poorly   dysphagia,  hematemesis  or  
responsive  gastric   melena.  
 ulcer,dyspepsia.  
OMX  Probiotics   2~10  cap  per   Normalizes  the  micro  flora  (lactic  acid   Effective  in  vitro  against  the      
Probiotics   12+   day   bacteria)  in  the  intestinal  tract,   most  virulent  pathogens  
Professional   Reestablishes  the  colon's  optimum  pH   including:  
Formula   level  and  Probiotics  12  plus,  Suppresses   MRSA  -­  the  Methicillin-­
the  growth  of  bad  bacteria,  stimulates  the   resistant  Staphylococcus  
immune  system,  fortifies  the  body's   aureus  superbug,  
ability  to  absorb  nutrients,  provides   E  coli-­157  (cause  of  food  
complex  B  vitamins,  antioxidants,   poisoning),  
minerals  &  amino  acids.   Bacillus  cereus  (cause  of  
intestinal  anthrax),  
H.  pylori  (the  cause  of  peptic  
ulcers),  and  
L  clostridium,  that  results  in  
morning  sickness,  migraine  
and  cluster  headaches.  
OMX  Probiotics   2~10  cap  per   Normalizes  the  micro  flora  (lactic  acid   Effective  in  vitro  against  the      
Probiotics  12+   day   bacteria)  in  the  intestinal  tract,   most  virulent  pathogens    
Professional   Reestablishes  the  colon's  optimum  pH   including:      
Formula   level  and  Probiotics  12  plus,  Suppresses   MRSA  -­  the  Methicillin-­  
the  growth  of  bad  bacteria,  stimulates  the   resistant  Staphylococcus    
immune  system,  fortifies  the  body's  ability   aureus  superbug,      
to  absorb  nutrients,  provides  complex  B   E  coli-­157  (cause  of  food    
vitamins,  antioxidants,  minerals  &  amino   poisoning),      
acids.   Bacillus  cereus  (cause  of    
intestinal  anthrax),      
H.  pylori  (the  cause  of  peptic    
ulcers),  and      
L  clostridium,  that  results  in    
morning  sickness,  migraine    
and  cluster  headaches.    
Orofar   Soln  After       Pregnancy  &  lactation.  Not   Isolated  cases  of  skin  rash;;  
(Benzoxonium   Cl   morning  &     for  childn  <4  yr   occasional  &  transient  cases  
0.5   mg,   lidocaine   evening  meals,   of  mild  local  irritation  
HCl  0.5  mg)   gargle  or  rinse    
mouth  for  30-­
60  sec  w/  1  
tbsp  of  
undiluted  soln  
(do  not  
swallow).  If  
continued  
treatment  is  
indicated,  the  
soln  may  be  
used  more  
often  or  may  
be  replaced  by  
loz  during  the  
day.  Childn  >4  
yr  Dose  should  
 be  reduced.  
Max:  6  loz/day.  
Use  only  1  tsp  
of  soln  to  rinse  
or  gargle  
Orofar   Soln  After  morning  &  evening  meals,  gargle  or  rinse  mouth     Pregnancy  &  lactation.  Not   Isolated  cases  of  skin  rash;;  
(Benzoxonium  Cl   for  30-­60  sec  w/  1  tbsp  of  undiluted  soln  (do  not  swallow).  If   for  childn  <4  yr   occasional  &  transient  cases  
0.5  mg,  lidocaine   continued  treatment  is  indicated,  the  soln  may  be  used   of  mild  local  irritation  
HCl  0.5  mg)   more  often  or  may  be  replaced  by  loz  during  the  day.    
Childn  >4  yr  Dose  should  be  reduced.  Max:  6  loz/day.  Use  
only  1  tsp  of  soln  to  rinse  or  gargle  
Orphenadrine   50mg/650mg/t Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   Acute,  chronic  muscular   Glaucoma,  myasthenia   Nausea,  dry  mouth,  blurred  
citrate+Paracetamo ab   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   conditions,  non-­articular   gravis,  prostatic   vision,  dizziness  &  
l   1-­2tab  TID   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   rheumatism,  whiplash  injury,   hyperthropy,  bladder  neck   restlessness  
(Norgesic  Forte)   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ acute  torticollis,  tension   obstruction  
regulating  center   headache,  dysmenorrhea.  
Oxytocin     Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions   For  induction  of  stimulation  of   Documented   Xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
(Syntocinon)   and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   labor,  control  of  postpartum   hypersensitivity;;  pregnant   urinary  retention,  allergic  
vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   uterine  bleeding,  treatment  of   patients  with  severe   reactions,  skin  reactions  
control  postpartum  bleeding  or   incomplete  or  inevitable   toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   abortion   positions,  and  a  contracting  
myometrial  tonus   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  
in  which  vaginal  delivery  
should  be  avoided,  such  as  
invasive  cervical  carcinoma,  
cord  presentation  or  
prolapse,  active  herpes  
genitalis,  total  placenta  
previa,  and  vasa  previa  
Oxytocin     Produces  rhythmic  uterine  contractions     Documented  hypersensitivity;;   Xerostomia,  tachycardia,  
(Syntocinon)   and  can  stimulate  the  gravid  uterus;;  has   pregnant  patients  with  severe   urinary  retention,  allergic  
vasopressive  and  antidiuretic  effects;;  can   toxemia,  unfavorable  fetal   reactions,  skin  reactions  
control  postpartum  bleeding  or   positions,  and  a  contracting  
hemorrhage  by  increasing  postpartum   uterus  with  hypertonic  or  
myometrial  tonus   hyperactive  patterns;;  labor  in  
which  vaginal  delivery  should  
be  avoided,  such  as  invasive  
cervical  carcinoma,  cord  
presentation  or  prolapse,  
active  herpes  genitalis,  total  
placenta  previa,  and  vasa  
previa  
Pankreatoflat   170/80  mg  tab   Pancreatin  corrects  the  fermentative  and       Hypersensitivity  reactions  
(Pancreatin,   OD   putrefactive  process  that  are  the  main   have  been  reported;;  these  
dimethicone)   causes  of  pathological  formation  of  gas.   may  be  sneezing,  lacrimation  
Activated  dimethylpolysiloxane   or  skin  rashes  
eliminates  foam,  facilitating  the  
absorption  of  pathological  accumulation  
of  gas  in  the  intestine  
Pankreatoflat   170/80  mg  tab   Pancreatin  corrects  the  fermentative  and       Hypersensitivity  reactions  
 (Pancreatin,   OD   putrefactive  process  that  are  the  main   have  been  reported;;  these  
dimethicone)   causes  of  pathological  formation  of  gas.   may  be  sneezing,  lacrimation  
Activated  dimethylpolysiloxane  eliminates   or  skin  rashes  
foam,  facilitating  the  absorption  of  
pathological  accumulation  of  gas  in  the  
intestine  
Pantoprazole   20-­40mg  1x  a   Inhibits  H+/K+  ATPase  pump  in  parietal   Proton  Pump  Inhibitor   Safety  and  efficacy  not   Chest  pain  (I.V.  <  or  =6%),  
(Ulcepraz,   day   cells,  inhibiting  acid  secretion.  Also   established  beyond  16   Pain,  migraine,  anxiety,  
Pantoloc)   reduces  in-­vitro  counts  of  H.  pylori  by   weeks.  Prolonged  treatment   dizziness,  headache  (I.V.  
more  than  4x  at  pH  of  4   may  lead  to  Vit  B12   >1%)  Rash  (I.V.  6%),  pruritus  
malabsorption   (I.V.  4%)  Hyperglycemia  
(1%),  hyperlipidemia,  
Diarrhea  (4%),  constipation,  
dyspepsia,  gastroenteritis,  
nausea,  rectal  disorder,  
vomiting,  abdominal  pain  (I.V.  
12%),  Urinary  frequency,  
urinary  tract  infection,  Liver  
function  test  abnormality,  
increased  SGPT  Injection  site  
pain  (>1%)  Weakness,  back  
pain,  neck  pain,  arthralgia,  
hypertonia,  Bronchitis,  
increased  cough,  dyspnea,  
pharyngitis,  rhinitis,  sinusitis,  
upper  respiratory  tract  
infection,  Flu  syndrome,  
infection  
Pantoprazole   20-­40mg  1x  a   Inhibits  H+/K+  ATPase  pump  in  parietal   Proton  Pump  Inhibitor   Safety  and  efficacy  not   Chest  pain  (I.V.  <  or  =6%),  
(Ulcepraz,   day   cells,  inhibiting  acid  secretion.  Also   established  beyond  16   Pain,  migraine,  anxiety,  
Pantoloc)   reduces  in-­vitro  counts  of  H.  pylori  by   weeks.  Prolonged  treatment   dizziness,  headache  (I.V.  
more  than  4x  at  pH  of  4   may  lead  to  Vit  B12   >1%)  Rash  (I.V.  6%),  pruritus  
malabsorption   (I.V.  4%)  Hyperglycemia  
(1%),  hyperlipidemia,  
Diarrhea  (4%),  constipation,  
dyspepsia,  gastroenteritis,  
nausea,  rectal  disorder,  
vomiting,  abdominal  pain  
(I.V.  12%),  Urinary  frequency,  
urinary  tract  infection,  Liver  
function  test  abnormality,  
increased  SGPT  Injection  
site  pain  (>1%)  Weakness,  
back  pain,  neck  pain,  
arthralgia,  hypertonia,  
Bronchitis,  increased  cough,  
dyspnea,  pharyngitis,  rhinitis,  
sinusitis,  upper  respiratory  
tract  infection,  Flu  syndrome,  
infection  
Paracetamol   500mg/tab,   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Anemia,  cardiac  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
(Biogesic)   250mg/5ml   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   pains   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic   disturbances  
250~500mg   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   or  severe  renal  disease  
every  3~6hrs   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­
regulating  center  
Paracetamol   500mg/tab,   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Anemia,  cardiac  &   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
(Biogesic)   250mg/5ml   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   pains   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic   disturbances  
250~500mg   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   or  severe  renal  disease  
every  3~6hrs   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­
regulating  center  
 Paracetamol   500mg/tab,   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   Relief  of  fever,  minor  aches  &   Anemia,  cardiac  &  pulmonary   Allergic  skin  reaction  &  GI  
(Biogesic)   250mg/5ml     the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   pains   disease.  Hepatic  or  severe   disturbances  
250~500mg   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   renal  disease  
every  3~6hrs   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heat-­
regulating  center  
Paracetamol   150mg/ml   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   Pyrexia  of  unknown  origin.   Anemia,  cardiac  &  pulmonary   Hematological,  skin  &  other  
  2~3ml  every  4   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Fever  &  pain  associated  with   disease.  Hepatic  or  severe   allergic  reactions  
hours  for  adult   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   common  childhood  disorders,   renal  disease    
1~2ml  every  4   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ tonsillitis,  upper  resp  tract    
hours  for  child   regulating  center   infections  post-­immunization    
reactions,  after  tonsillectomy    
&  other  conditions.    
Prevention  of  febrile    
convulsion.  Headache,  cold,    
sinusitis,  muscle  pain,    
arthritis  &  toothacke  
Paracetamol   150mg/ml   Inhibit  the  synthesis  of  prostaglandins  in   Pyrexia  of  unknown  origin.   Anemia,  cardiac  &   Hematological,  skin  &  other  
(Aeknil)   2~3ml  every  4   the  CNS  &  peripherally  blocks  pain   Fever  &  pain  associated  with   pulmonary  disease.  Hepatic   allergic  reactions  
  hours  for  adult   impulse  generation;;  produces  antipyresis   common  childhood  disorders,   or  severe  renal  disease  
  1~2ml  every  4   from  inhibition  of  hypothalamic  heart-­ tonsillitis,  upper  resp  tract  
hours  for  child   regulating  center   infections  post-­immunization  
reactions,  after  tonsillectomy  
&  other  conditions.  
Prevention  of  febrile  
convulsion.  Headache,  cold,  
sinusitis,  muscle  pain,  arthritis  
&  toothache  
Perindopril   2,  8  mg/tab   ACE  inhibitor   Essential  hypertension,  CHF.   Hypersensitivity,  pregnancy   Headaches,  dizziness,  
(Coversyl)   Prevention  of  stroke   and  lactation   cramps,  dry  cough  
recurrence,  history  of  CVD  
Perindropril   Adult:  As   Perindopril  is  a  prodrug  of  perindoprilat,   Hypertension,  Heart  Failure,   History  of  angioedema   Headache,  dizziness,  sleep  
erbumine:   which  is  a  competitive  ACE  inhibitor.   Stable  Ischemic  Heart   related  to  previous  ACE   disorders,  depression,  fever,  
Initially,  4  mg   Perindoprilat  prevents  conversion  of   Disease   inhibitor  treatment.   nervousness,  somnolence;;  
once  daily.  1st   angiotensin  I  to  angiotensin  II.  It  acts  as   Pregnancy  (2nd/3rd   cough,  upper  respiratory  tract  
dose   a  vasodilator  and  it  reduces  peripheral   trimesters).   infection,  sinusitis,  rhinitis,  
preferably   resistance.   pharyngitis;;  oedema,  chest  
given  at   pain,  abnormal  ECG,  
bedtime.   palpitation;;  rash;;  
Patients   hyperkalaemia,  elevated  
with  renovascu triglycerides,  menstrual  
lar   disorder;;  nausea,  diarrhoea,  
hypertension,   vomiting,  dyspepsia,  
 volume   abdominal  pain,  flatulence:  
depletion,   UTI,  sexual  dysfunction;;  
severe   increased  LFTs;;  weakness,  
hypertension:   musculoskeletal  pain,  upper  
Initially,  2  mg   and  lower  extremity  pain,  
once  daily.   hypertonia,  paraesthesia;;  
Max:  8  mg   proteinuria;;  tinnitus,  ear  
daily.  Patients   infection;;  viral  infection,  
on  diuretics:   allergy.  
Withdraw  
diuretics  2  or  3  
days  before  
perindropil  
therapy.  
Resume  later  if  
required.  If  
diuretic  cannot  
be  
discontinued,  
an  initial  dose  
of  2  mg  once  
daily  may  be  
given.  
Elderly:  As  
erbumine:  
Initially,  2  mg  
once  daily.  
May  be  
progressively  
increased  to  4  
mg  after  1  mth  
then  to  8  mg  if  
needed  
according  to  
renal  function.  
Pethidine  HCl   25  mg  IV   Exert  its  analegic  effects  by  the  same   For  moderate  to  severe  pain,   Head  injury,  increased   Respiratory  depression,  
(Demerol)   mechanism  as  morphine,  by  acting  as  an   pre  op  medication,  analgesia   intracranial  pressure,  acurte   circulatory  depression,  resp.  
agonist  at  the  u-­opioid  receptor.   asthma,  atrial  flutter,   arrest,  shock,  cardiac  arrest,  
convulsive  disorders,  acute   GI  disturbance.  Dizziness,  
abdominal  conditions   sedation,  headache,  
dysphoria,  tremor,  agitation,  
hallucination,  disorientation  
Pethidine  HCl   25  mg  IV   Exert  its  analegic  effects  by  the  same   For  moderate  to  severe  pain,   Head  injury,  increased   Respiratory  depression,  
(Demerol)   mechanism  as  morphine,  by  acting  as  an   pre  op  medication,  analgesia   intracranial  pressure,  acurte   circulatory  depression,  resp.  
agonist  at  the  u-­opioid  receptor.   asthma,  atrial  flutter,   arrest,  shock,  cardiac  arrest,  
convulsive  disorders,  acute   GI  disturbance.  Dizziness,  
abdominal  conditions   sedation,  headache,  
dysphoria,  tremor,  agitation,  
hallucination,  disorientation  
Pethidine  or   50  to  150  mg   acting  as  an  agonist  at  the  μ-­opioid   for  the  treatment  of  moderate   in  patients  who  are  receiving   constipation,  dry  mouth,  
meperidine   every  three   receptor.   to  severe  pain   monoamine  oxidase  (MAO)   lightheadedness,  twitchiness,  
(Demerol)   hours   it  has  local  anesthetic  activity  related  to   inhibitors  or  those  who  have   muscular  twitches,  and  
its  interactions  with  sodium  ion  channels.   recently  received  such   nausea  
agents  
Pethidine  or   50  to  150  mg   acting  as  an  agonist  at  the  μ-­opioid   for  the  treatment  of  moderate   in  patients  who  are  receiving   constipation,  dry  mouth,  
meperidine   every  three   receptor.   to  severe  pain   monoamine  oxidase  (MAO)   lightheadedness,  twitchiness,  
(Demerol)   hours   it  has  local  anesthetic  activity  related  to   inhibitors  or  those  who  have   muscular  twitches,  and  
its  interactions  with  sodium  ion  channels.   recently  received  such   nausea  
agents  
Phenytoin  (Dilantin)   100mg/cap   Limits   seizure   activity   by   stabilizing   Tonic-­clonic   (Grand   mal)   and   Hypersensitivity.   Sinus   GI   disturbances,   ataxia,  
neuronal   membranes   of   hyper   excitable   psychomotor   seizures   bradycardia,   impaired   slurred   speece,   diplopia,  
cells  through  decreasing  influx  of  sodium   (complex   partial),   seizure   hepatic   function,   abrupt   nystagmus,   mental   confusion  
during   action   potential,   influx   of   calcium   occurring   during   or   following   withdrawal.  Porphyria.   with   headache,   hirsutism,  
is   also   decreased.   It   delayes   outward   neurosurgery   dizziness,   gingival  
potassium   current   leading   to   increased   hyperplasia  
refractory  period.  
Pinaverium  bromide     Symptomatic   treatment   of   pain,   transit   Symptomatic   treatment   of   Pregnancy  and  lactation   Rare   cases   of   minor   GI  
(Eldicet)   disorders   and   intestinal   discomfort   pain,   transit   disorders   and   disturbances;;   isolated   cases  
related   to   functional   intestinal  
intestinal  discomfort  related  to   of   undersirable   cutaneous  
disturbances;;   symptomatic   treatment   of   functional   intestinal   effects,   one   of   which   is   of  
pain  related  to  functional  disturbances  of   disturbances;;   symptomatic   allergic  etiology.  
the   biliary   tract,   preparation   for   a   barium  
treatment   of   pain   related   to  
enema   functional   disturbances   of   the  
biliary   tract,   preparation   for   a  
barium  enema  
Allergy  to  penicillins,  
Range:  3.375g   cephalosporins,  imipinem,  
IV  q6hr,  or   beta  lactamase  inhibitors  
4.5g  IV  q6-­8hr;;   For  severe  infections,   Risk  of  bleeding   Diarrhea,  constipation,  
Anti  pseudomonal  penicillin  plus  beta-­
not  to  exceed   nosocomial  pneumonia,   complications,  especially  in   headache,  insomnia,  nausea,  
lactamase  inhibitor;;  inhibits  biosynthesis  
Piperacillin  –   18g/day   diverticulitis/inta  abdominal   renal  impairment;;   fever,  oral  candidiasis,  rash,  
of  cell  wall  mucopeptide  synthesis  by  
Tazobactam   Skin  &  Soft   abscess/peritonitis,   discontinue  if   vomiting,  dyspepsia,  pruritus,  
binding  to  1  or  more  of  the  penicillin-­
(Razocin)   Tissue   complicated  intra  abdominal   thrombocytopenia  or   pain,  hypertension,  
binding  proteins  and  is  effective  during  
Infection:   infection;;  skin  and  soft  tissue   bleeding  occurs.   leucopenia,  
active  multiplication  stage.  
3.375g  IV  q6-­ infection   Monitor  renal,  hepatic  and   thrombocytopenia  
8hr  for  7-­14   especially  hematopoietic  
days   functions  during  prolonged  
treatment.    
Piracetam   4.8-­6gm/day   Adjunct  in  the  treatment  of  myoclonus  of   CVA,   cerebral   circulatory   Severe   renal   insufficiency,   Nervousness,   agitation,  
  cortical   origin,   dementia,   alcoholism,   insufficiency,   chronic   cerebral   hemorrhage,   end   irritability,   anxiety,   sleep  
vertigo,   CVA,   behavioral   disorders   in   manifestations   of   CVA   or   stage  renal  disease.   disturbances.  
children,  after  trauma  or  surgery.   cerebral   atherosclerosis,  
post-­traumatic  syndromes  
Polynerve     supplementation   Prevention  &  treatment  of      
deficiency  disorders  following  
poor  dietary  intake  .  
Potassium  citrate   1080  mg  /   Inhibitor  of  crystallization;;  used  in   Treatment  of  patients  with   Patients  with  altered   Slight  gastrointestinal  
(Acalka)   Tablet  TID   treatment  of  patients  with  renal  lithiasis   renal  lithisis  &  hypocitraturia,   potassium  excretion   disorders  may  appear  which  
and  hypocitraturia,  chronic  formers  of   chornic  formers  of  Ca   mechanism,   can  be  palliated  by  means  of  
calcium  oxalate,  phosphate  calculi;;  uric   oxalate,  phosphate  calculi.   hyperpotassemia  may   concomitant  administration  
acid  lithiasis  alone  or  accompanied  by   Uric  acid  lithiasis  alone  alone   appear.  In  patients  with   with  food.  
calcium  lithiasis,  and  renal  tubular   or  accompanied  by  Ca   renal  insufficiency,  an  
 acidosis  with  calcium  nephrolithiasis.   lithiasis.  Renal  tubular   increased  risk  of  
acidosis  with  Ca   appearance  of  
nephrolithiasis.   hyperpotassemia  
Potassium  citrate   1080  mg  /   Inhibitor  of  crystallization;;  used  in   Treatment  of  patients  with   Patients  with  altered   Slight  gastrointestinal  
(Acalka)   Tablet  TID   treatment  of  patients  with  renal  lithiasis   renal  lithisis  &  hypocitraturia,   potassium  excretion   disorders  may  appear  which  
and  hypocitraturia,  chronic  formers  of   chornic  formers  of  Ca   mechanism,   can  be  palliated  by  means  of  
calcium  oxalate,  phosphate  calculi;;  uric   oxalate,  phosphate  calculi.   hyperpotassemia  may   concomitant  administration  
acid  lithiasis  alone  or  accompanied  by   Uric  acid  lithiasis  alone  alone   appear.  In  patients  with  renal   with  food.  
calcium  lithiasis,  and  renal  tubular   or  accompanied  by  Ca   insufficiency,  an  increased  
acidosis  with  calcium  nephrolithiasis.   lithiasis.  Renal  tubular   risk  of  appearance  of  
acidosis  with  Ca   hyperpotassemia  
nephrolithiasis.  
Prednisolone   1  drop  every   Decreases  inflammation  by  suppression   Steroid  responsive   Acute,  untreated  purulent   Increase  intraocular  pressure  
acetate   two  hours  on   of  PMN’s  and  reversal  of  increased   inflammation  of  the  palpebral   occular  infections.  Acute   with  optic  nerve  damage  and  
(PREDFORTE  )   the  left  eye   capillary    permeability   and  bulbar,  cornea  and   superficial  herpes  simplex,   visual  field  defects.  Posterior  
anterior  segment   varicella  and  most  other  viral   subcapsular  cataract  
diseases  of  the  cornea  and   formation  secondary  ocular  
conjuctiva   infection  from  fungi  or  viruses  
Prednisone     Is  a  synthetic  steroid  which  is  easily   In  some  cases,  include   Gastric  and  duodenal  ulcers.   Gastric  and  duodenal  
absorbed  from  the  GIT.  It  has  an   pericarditis,  idiopathic,   Systemic  fungal  infections.   ulceration  with  prolonged  use.  
antiallergenic,  antitoxic,  antipyretic  and   postmyocardial  infarction.   Glaucoma.  Hypersensitivity  
immunosuppressive  properties.   to  glucocorticoids.  
 
Cardiovascular  effects  incl  
bradycardia,  postural  
hypotension;;  rarely,  heart  
2nd  or  3rd  degree  AV  block   failure,  increased  AV  block,  
Symptomatic  treatment  of   (without  pacemaker),  severe   arrhythmias,  Raynaud's  
situational  and  generalised   bradycardia,  sick  sinus   phenomenon,  cold  
non-­cardioselective  β-­blocker  that   anxiety.     syndrome,  uncontrolled   extremities,  sexual  
competitively  blocks  β1-­  and  β2-­receptors   Also  indicated  for:   heart  failure,  cardiogenic   dysfunction.  GI,  sleep  and  
Propranolol  
10  or  40   resulting  in  decreased  heart  rate,   Angina   shock,  severe  peripheral   CNS  disturbances.  
(Inderal)  
mg/tab   myocardial  contractility,  BP  and   Arrhythmias   arterial  disease,   Dyspnoea;;  rarely,  
 
myocardial  oxygen  demand.  It  has   Hypertension   hypotension,  metabolic   bronchospasm.  Skin  
membrane-­stabilising  properties.   MI,  LVD   acidosis,  untreated   reactions-­withdraw  if  
Migraine   phaeochromocytoma,   unexplained  dry  eyes  or  rash.  
  history  of  bronchospasm,   Fatigue,  paraesthesia,  
asthma  or  COPD.   peripheral  neuropathy,  
arthralgia,  myopathy.  Altered  
blood  sugar,  haematology  
and  lipid  levels.  
Prozine   500mg    /  tab   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   Gram  negative  infection.   Pregnancy  &  lactation,   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl   Cystic  fibrosis   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of   Treatment  of  wide  range  of   methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
20mg/kg,  max   supercoiled  DNA  and  promotes   infections  including  anthrax,   infections   Headache,  dizziness,  
750mg  BID   breakage  of  double-­stranded  DNA   biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
Gonorrhea   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
500mg  OD   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
 disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
Prozine   500mg    /  tab   Inhibits  DNA-­gyrase  in  susceptible   Gram  negative  infection.   Pregnancy  &  lactation,   Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea,  
Ciprofloxacin  HCl   Cystic  fibrosis   organism;;  inhibit  relaxation  of  supercoiled   Treatment  of  wide  range  of   methicillin-­resistant  S.aureus   abdominal  pain,  dyspepsia.  
20mg/kg,  max   DNA  and  promotes  breakage  of  double-­ infections  including  anthrax,   infections   Headache,  dizziness,  
750mg  BID   stranded  DNA   biliary  tract  infection,  bone  &   restlessness,  tremor,  
Gonorrhea   joint  infections,  brucellosis,   drowsiness,  rarely  insomnia,  
500mg  OD   infected  bites  &  stings,  cat   visual  &  other  sensory  
scratch  disease,  chancroid,   disturbances.  Rash,  pruritus,  
exacerbations  of  cystic   elevated  liver  enzyme  values,  
fibrosis,  gastroenteritis,   jaundice,  hepatitis.  
gonorrhea,  legionnaire’s   Eosinophilia,  leucopenia,  
disease,  otitis  media  &   thrombocytopenia,  hemolytic  
externa,  peritonitis,  Q  fever,   anemia  or  agranulocytosis.  
lower  respiratory  tract   Transient  increase  in  serum  
infection   creatinine  or  BUN  
Rabeprazole   20mg/tab  OD   Suppresses   gastric   secretion   by   For   treatment   of   active   Hypersensitivity   to   sodium   Headache,   diarrhea,  
(Pariet)   inhibiting   hydrogen/potassium   ATPase   duodenal   ulcer,   beinign   rabeprazole,   substituted   abdominal   pain,   asthenia,  
enzyme   system   in   gastric   parietal   cell;;   gastric   ulcer,   anastomotic   benzimidazoles   or   to   any   flatulence,   rash   and   dry  
characterized   as   gastric   pump   inhibitor   ulcer,   symptomatic   erosive   or   excipient   used   in   mouth,   insomnia,   infection,  
since   it   blocks   finals   step   of   acid   ulcerative   GERD,   GERD   formulation.   Pregnancy   and   dizziness,   cough,   pharyngitis,  
production.   maintenance,   eradication   of   lactation.   rhinitis,   diarrhea,  
H.  pylori  in  patients  with  PUD,   vomiting,nausea,  
Zollinger-­Ellison   Syndrome   constipation,   non-­specific  
(ZES)   and   other   pathological   pain,   back   pain,   flu-­like  
hypersecretory  conditions   syndrome.  
Racecadotril   100-­mg  cap   Hidrasec  is  an  inhibitor  of  enkephalinase,   For  the  treatment  of  acute   Known  hypersensitivity  to   A  few  cases  of  drowsiness  
(Hidrasec)   1.5  mg/kg  per   the  enzyme  responsible  for  breaking   diarrhea.   racecadotril.  Renal  or   have  been  reported  during  
dose,  with  1   down  enkephalins.  It  is  a  selective  but  
initial  dose  and   reversible  inhibitor  and  protects   hepatic  impairment.   clinical  trials.  Nausea  and  
3  doses   endogenous  enkephalins  which  are   vomiting,  constipation,  
spread  over   physiologically  active  in  the  digestive  
the  day.   tract.   dizziness  and  headaches  
Children  >9   Hidrasec  has  a  pure  intestinal   have  also  been  reported  
years  (approx   antisecretory  agent  which  has  been   rarely.  The  side  effects  have  
>27  kg):  2   shown  to  have  no  effect  on  GI  motility.  It  
sachets/dose;;   reduces  intestinal  hypersecretion  of   been  mild,  and  equivalent  in  
30  months  -­  9   water  and  electrolytes  caused  by  cholera   nature,  frequency  and  
years  (approx   toxin  or  inflammation  without  affecting  
13-­27  kg):  1   basal  secretion.  There  is  therefore  no   intensity  to  those  reported  
sachet/dose;;   effect  in  the  normal  intestine.   with  placebo.  Post-­marketing  
9-­30  months   surveillance  has  indicated  
(approx  9-­13  
kg):  2   side  effects  to  be  extremely  
sachets/dose;;   rare  in  general  use.  
1-­9  months:  1  
sachet.dose.  
Ranitidine   50mg  SIV  TID   Inhibits  action  of  histamine  at  the  H2   Histamine  H2  Antagonist,   Renal  impairment,  hepatic   Headache,  dizziness,  nausea  
(Ulcin  /  Zantac)   receptor  site  located  primarily  in  the   Antiulcer   impairment,  pregnancy,   and  vomiting  
 gastric  parietal  cells   lactation,  or  children  
Ranitidine   50mg  SIV  TID   Inhibits  action  of  histamine  at  the  H2   Histamine  H2  Antagonist,   Renal  impairment,  hepatic   Headache,  dizziness,  nausea  
(Ulcin  /  Zantac)   receptor  site  located  primarily  in  the   Antiulcer   impairment,  pregnancy,   and  vomiting  
gastric  parietal  cells   lactation,  or  children  
Rebamipide   100  mg  tid,  in   Rebamipide  is  a  mucosal  protective   Peptic  Ulcer,  Gastritis   Lactation.   Rash,  pruritus,  constipation,  
the  morning,   agent  and  is  postulated  to  increase   diarrhoea,  nausea.  
evening  and   gastric  blood  flow,  prostaglandin  
before  bed.   biosynthesis  and  decrease  free  oxygen  
radicals.  
Remabamipide   Adult:  100  mg   Rebamipide  is  a  mucosal  protective   Peptic  ulcer,  Gastritis   Lactation   Rash,  pruritus,  constipation,  
tid,  in  the   agent  and  is  postulated  to  increase   diarrhoea,  nausea  
morning,   gastric  blood  flow,  prostaglandin  
evening  and   biosynthesis  and  decrease  free  oxygen  
before  bed.   radicals.  
Renogen   2,000  u/ml   Hypersensitivity  to  mammalian  cell-­ Hematopeitic  growth  factor   Hypertension,  partial  or   Anemia  associated  with  renal  
derived  products  &  to  albumin,   complete  clotting  at  the  site   insufficiency  or  chronic  renal  
uncontrolled  hypertension   of  vascular  access,  seizures,   failure,  for  the  reduction  of  
  increased  potassium,  BUN,   allogenic  blood  transfusions  
creatinine,  arthralgia,   in  surgery  patients.  
asthenia,  chest  pain,  
diarrhea,  edema,  headache,  
nausea,  tachycardia,  
vomiting  
Rofecoxib   50mg  tab  BID   Produces  anti-­inflammatory,  analgesic     Contraindicated  in  patients   Headache,  asthenia,  fatigue,  
(Vioxx)   and  antipyretic  effects,  possibly  by   hypersensitive  to  drug  or  its   dizziness,  hypertension,  leg  
inhibiting  prostaglandin  synthesi   components  and  in  those   edema,  sinusitis,  diarrhea,  
who  have  experienced   dyspepsia,  epigastric  
asthma,  urticaria,  allergic   discomfort,  heartburn,  
reactions  after  taking  aspirin   nausea,  abdominal  pain,  UTI,  
or  other  NSAIDs.  Also   back  pain,  bronchitis,  URTI,  
contraindicated  in  patients   flu  syndrome  
with  advanced  renal  disease    
or  moderate  or  severe  
hepatic  insufficiency  and  in  
pregnant  women  because  it  
may  cause  ductus  arteriosus  
to  close  prematurely  
Rofecoxib   50mg  tab  BID   Produces  anti-­inflammatory,  analgesic     Contraindicated  in  patients   Headache,  asthenia,  fatigue,  
(Vioxx)   and  antipyretic  effects,  possibly  by   hypersensitive  to  drug  or  its   dizziness,  hypertension,  leg  
inhibiting  prostaglandin  synthesi   components  and  in  those   edema,  sinusitis,  diarrhea,  
who  have  experienced   dyspepsia,  epigastric  
asthma,  urticaria,  allergic   discomfort,  heartburn,  
reactions  after  taking  aspirin   nausea,  abdominal  pain,  UTI,  
or  other  NSAIDs.  Also   back  pain,  bronchitis,  URTI,  
contraindicated  in  patients   flu  syndrome      
with  advanced  renal  disease    
or  moderate  or  severe  
hepatic  insufficiency  and  in  
pregnant  women  because  it  
may  cause  ductus  arteriosus  
to  close  prematurely  
 st
Rowatinex   1  cap  TID     Urolithiasis,   nephrolithiasis,   1  trimester  of  pregnancy    
cystitis,  renal  colic,  UTI,  post-­
op  prophylaxis  of  calculi  
Roxithromycin   Adult:  150  mg   Roxithromycin  inhibits  protein  synthesis   Susceptible  infections   Hypersensitivity.  Porphyria.   Nausea,  vomiting,  abdominal  
bid  or  300  mg   by  irreversibly  binding  to  the  50s   pain,  diarrhoea,  weakness,  
once  daily  for   ribosomal  subunits  thus  blocking  the   malaise,  anorexia,  
5-­10  days  in   transpeptidation  or  translocation   constipation,  dyspepsia,  
susceptible   reactions  of  susceptible  organisms   flatulence;;  hepatitis;;  rashes,  
infections.     resulting  in  stunted  cell  growth.   headache,  dizziness,  
weakness,  changes  in  blood  
counts;;  increased  liver  
enzyme  values;;  eosinophilia;;  
rarely,  acute  pancreatitis.  
Roxithromycin     It  prevents  bacteria  from  growing,  by   Treatment  of  infections   Patient  who  developed  liver   GI  disturbances,  increase  in  
(Ruthison)   interfering  with  their  protein  synthesis.   caused  by  susceptible  strains   disorders  on  previous   liver  enzyme  values,  
Roxithromycin  binds  to  the  subunit  50S   of  gm+ve  &  gm-­ve   therapy   hepatitis,  rash,  headache,  
of  the  bacterial  ribosome,  and  this   microorganisms.   dizziness,  weakness,  
inhibits  the  translocation  of  peptides.   changes  in  CBC  
Roxithromycin  has  similar  antimicrobial  
spectrum  as  erythromycin,  but  is  more  
effective  against  certain  gram-­negative  
bacteria,  particular  Legionella  
pneumonia.  
Salbutamol   2mg/tab,   Relaxes  bronchial  smooth  muscle  by   Asthma   Special  precaution  :   Palpation,  tachycardia,  
(Asmalin)   2mg/5ml  susp.   action  on  B2-­receptors  with  little  effect  on   Prevention  &  relief  from   coronary  insufficiency,   increased  BP,  headache,  
1tab  TID,  2.5  ~   heart  rate   bronchospasm  associated   cardiac  arrhythmias,   nervousness,  dizziness,  
5ml  TID   with  reversible  obstructive   hypertension,  convulsive   heartburn,  epistaxis,  cough,  
airway  disease  eg  bronchial   disorder,  hyperthyroidism,   GI  discomfort,  throat  irritation  
asthma   diabetes  mellitus;;   &  tremor  
pregnancy,  lactation.  
Salbutamol   Inhalant:  40   Beta  adrenergic  receptor  agonist  -­   Treatment  &  prevention  of   Threatened  abortion  during   Thyrotoxicosis,  inhaled  
st
(Ventolin)   micrograms/pu causes  bronchodilation   bronchial  asthma,  bronchitis,   1  or  2nf  trimesters  of   salbutamol  prep  are  not  
ff  aerosol   Inhalational:  Onset  <  15  m,  dur  3-­4  h   emphysema  with  associated   pregnancy.  Toxaemia  of   appropriate  for  managing  
Oral:  2,4  mg   PO:  onset  <30m,  dur  4-­8  hours   reversible  airway  obstruction.   pregnancy,  antepartum   premature  labour.  Pregnancy,  
tablets;;  2   haemorrhage,  placenta   lactation.  Acute  severe  
mg/mL  syrup   praevia.   asthma.  Monitor  fluid  
balance,  cardiorespiratory  
function  &  ECG  
Salbutamol   2mg/tab,     Prevention  &  relief  from   Special  precaution  :  coronary   Palpation,  tachycardia,  
(Asmalin)   2mg/5ml  susp.   bronchospasm  associated   insufficiency,  cardiac   increased  BP,  headache,  
1tab  TID,  2.5  ~   with  reversible  obstructive   arrhythmias,  hypertension,   nervousness,  dizziness,  
5ml  TID   airway  disease  eg  bronchial   convulsive  disorder,   heartburn,  epistaxis,  cough,  
asthma   hyperthyroidism,  diabetes   GI  discomfort,  throat  irritation  
mellitus;;  pregnancy,   &  tremor  
lactation.  
Salbutamol   Inhalant:  40   Beta  adrenergic  receptor  agonist  -­   Treatment  &  prevention  of   Threatened  abortion  during   Thyrotoxicosis,  inhaled  
st
(Ventolin)   micrograms/pu causes  bronchodilation   bronchial  asthma,  bronchitis,   1  or  2nf  trimesters  of   salbutamol  prep  are  not  
ff  aerosol   Inhalational:  Onset  <  15  m,  dur  3-­4  h   emphysema  with  associated   pregnancy.  Toxaemia  of   appropriate  for  managing  
Oral:  2,4  mg   PO:  onset  <30m,  dur  4-­8  hours   reversible  airway  obstruction.   pregnancy,  antepartum   premature  labour.  
tablets;;  2   haemorrhage,  placenta   Pregnancy,  lactation.  Acute  
mg/mL  syrup   praevia.   severe  asthma.  Monitor  fluid  
 balance,  cardiorespiratory  
function  &  ECG  
 
 
 
Senna   187mg/tab,   stimulation  of  colonic  motility,  resulting  in   Functional  constipation  of   Acute  surgical  abdomen,   Mild  abdominal  discomfort;;  
(Senokot)   374mg/tab,   augmented  propulsion  and  accelerated   hospitalized  patient,  O  &  G   abdominal  pain,  nausea,   diarrhea  w/  excessive  loss  of  
colonic  transit,  reducing  the  opportunity   patient,  post-­surgical,   vomiting  or  symptoms  of   water  &  electrolytes  (high  
for  fluid  absorption  from  the  faeces.  It   prenatal,  postpartum,  geriatric   appendicitis;;  intestinal   doses),  atonic  non-­
also  influences  fluid  and  electrolyte   patient,  functional   hemorrhage  or  obstruction,   functioning  colon  (prolonged  
absorption  and  secretion  by  the  colon,   constipation  due  to  intake  of   persistent  diarrhea.   use).  
resulting  in  a  net  fluid  secretion.  The   certain  drugs,  ped  patient.  
mucilage  inhibits  fluid  absorption,  
enhancing  the  laxative  effect  
Simvastatin   10~80mg  tab   Statins  inhibit  the  enzyme  HMG-­CoA       The  most  common  side  effect  
(Vidastat,  Zocor)   OD   reductase  which  is  the  rate  limiting  step   of  statins  is  in  the  
in  the  synthesis  of  cholesterol.  Intake  of   gastrointestinal  system,  with  
statins  results  in  lowering  of  LDL  and   reports  of  constipation  and  
elevation  of  HDL.  Statins  have  been   nausea.  May  also  affect  the  
demonstrated  to  be  cardioprotective  and   liver,  causing  drug  induced  
reduces  risk  of  cardiovascular  events   hepatitis  
Simvastatin   10~80mg  tab   Statins  inhibit  the  enzyme  HMG-­CoA       The  most  common  side  effect  
(Vidastat,  Zocor)   OD   reductase  which  is  the  rate  limiting  step   of  statins  is  in  the  
in  the  synthesis  of  cholesterol.  Intake  of   gastrointestinal  system,  with  
statins  results  in  lowering  of  LDL  and   reports  of  constipation  and  
elevation  of  HDL.  Statins  have  been   nausea.  May  also  affect  the  
demonstrated  to  be  cardioprotective  and   liver,  causing  drug  induced  
reduces  risk  of  cardiovascular  events   hepatitis  
Sitagliptin   50mg/tab   Inhibitor   of   the   enzyme   dipeptidyl   Adjunct   to   diet   and   exercise   Hypersensitivity.   Pregnancy   Nausea,   abdominal   pain,  
phosphate   peptidse-­4   (DPP-­4),   an   enzyme   that   to  improve  glycemic  control  in   and  lactation.   vomiting  and  diarrhea.  
(Januvia)   slows   inactivation   of   incretin   hormones   patients  with  DM  type  2,  or  in  
such   as   glucagon-­like   peptide-­1   (GLP-­1)   combination   with   metformin  
and   glucose   dependent   insulinotropic   or   a   peroxisome   proliferator  
polypeptide   (GIP),   which   regulates   receptor   (PPAR)   gamma  
insulin  secretion.   agonist   when   diet   and  
exercise,   plus   the   single  
agent   do   not   provide  
adequate   glycemic   control.   In  
patients   with   DM   2   as   an  
adjunct  to  diet  and  exercise  to  
improve   glycemic   control   in  
combination   with   insulin   (with  
or  without  metformin)  
Spirinolactone   25  mg,  50  mg   Antagonizes  aldosterone  in  the  distal   Hypertension,  CHF,  edema,   Acute  renal  insufficiency,   Gynecomastia  may  develop.  
tabblets   tubules,  increasing  sodium  and  water   hypokalemia,  primary   anuria,  hyperkalemia,   Diarrhea  and  cramping,  
excretion   aldosteronism.  Nephritic   pregnancy  and  lactation,   nausea,  vomiting,  gastritis,  
syndrome,  cirrhosis,   hypersensitivity.   agranulocytosis.  
management  of  hissutism  
secondary  to  PCOS.  
Spirinolactone   25  mg,  50  mg   Antagonizes  aldosterone  in  the  distal   Hypertension,  CHF,  edema,   Acute  renal  insufficiency,   Gynecomastia  may  develop.  
(Aldactone)   tabblets   tubules,  increasing  sodium  and  water   hypokalemia,  primary   anuria,  hyperkalemia,   Diarrhea  and  cramping,  
 excretion   aldosteronism.  Nephritic   pregnancy  and  lactation,   nausea,  vomiting,  gastritis,  
syndrome,  cirrhosis,   hypersensitivity.   agranulocytosis.  
management  of  hissutism  
secondary  to  PCOS.  
Sulbactam-­ 375  mg/tab   Inhibition  of  cell  wall  synthesis     Overgrowth  of  non-­ GI  disturbances,  phlebitis,  
Ampicillin   BID   susceptible  organism.  Check   skin  rashes,  itching,  blood  
(Unasyn)   periodically  for  organ  system   disorders,  anaphylaxis,  
dysfunction  during   superinfection  
prolonged  therapy  
Sulbactam-­ 375  mg/tab   Inhibition  of  cell  wall  synthesis     Overgrowth  of  non-­ GI  disturbances,  phlebitis,  
Ampicillin   BID   susceptible  organism.  Check   skin  rashes,  itching,  blood  
(Unasyn)   periodically  for  organ  system   disorders,  anaphylaxis,  
dysfunction  during  prolonged   superinfection  
therapy  
Tazobactam   2g/250mg  +   Inhibits  the  action  of  beta-­lactamases.  It   Treatment  of  systemic  &/or   History  of  allergic  reactions   Hypotension,  ileus,  syncope,  
10ml  diluent,   has  the  potential  to  enhance  the  activity   local  bacterial  infections   to  any  penicillins,   rigors,  back  pain,  malaise,  CV  
4g/500mg   of  other  beta-­lactam  antibiotics.   caused  by  susceptible   cephalosporins,  or  beta-­ effects,  tremors,  
+10ml  diluent   organisms.   lactamase  inhibitors.   pseudomembranous  colitis,  
thirst,  myalgia,  arthralgia,  
genital  pruritus,  hematuria,  
photophobia,  hepatitis,  
hemolytic  anemia.  
Telmisartan   +   40mg  +  12.5   Angiotensin  receptor  blocker  +  thiazide   Esssential  hypertension   Hypersensitivity.  Pregnancy,   Diarrhea,  angioedema  
Hydrochlorothiazide   mg/tab  OD   diuretic   lactation.  Biliary  obstructive  
(Micardis)   disorders.  
Tetagam   250  IU,  IM   Vaccines  for  passive  immunization   Prophylaxis  in  persons  with   IgA  deficiency  and    
(Human  Tetanus  Ig,   single  dose   recent  injuries  who  have  no   concurrent  presence  of  
pasteurizaed)   500  IU,  IM  in   immunity  or  incomplete   antibodies  to  IgA  
infected   immunity  against  tetanus;;  
wounds  and   therapy  of  clinically  
delayed   manifested  tetanus  
debridement  
Tetanus  toxoid   Primary   Vaccines  for  active  immunization   Tetanus  prevention;;  post   Hypersensitivity  reactions   Pain,  rashes,  induration,  or  
(Adsorbed)   vaccination:  2   exposure  prophylaxis  for   edema,  associated  with  SC  
successive   recent  wounds  that  may  have   nodule  and  rarely  aseptic  
SC/IM  1  or  2   been  contaminated  with   abscesses.  Transient  
mos.  apart   tetanus  spores  in  subjects   hyperthermia  associated  or  
followed  by   who  have  not  had  any   not  associated  with  a  local  
booster  6-­12   primary  vaccination,  or  was   reaction  and  
nd
mos.after  2   incomplete,  or  uncertain   lymphadenopathy,  immediate  
inj.Booster:   hypersensitivity  reaction  such  
one  0.5ml   as  generalized  pruritus,  
inj.every  10yrs   urticarial  or  edema,  dizziness,  
after  the   low  BP,  myalgia,  arthralgia  
primary   and  headaches.  
immunization  
and  every  
10yrs  
thereafter  
TOBRANYCIN  +   1  drop  four   Tobramycin  binds  irreversibly  to  one  of   For  steroid-­responsive   Epithelial  herpes  simplex   Localized  ocular  toxicity  &  
DEXAMETHSONE   times  a  day   two  aminoglycoside  binding  sites  on  the   inflammatory  ocular   keratitis  (dendritic  keratitis),   hypersensitivity  including  lid  
(TOBRADEX)   30  S  ribosomal  subunit,  inhibiting   conditions  for  which  a   vaccinia,  varicella  &  many   itching  &  swelling  &  
bacterial  protein  synthesis.  Tobramycin   corticosteroid  is  indicated  &   other  viral  diseases  of  the   conjunctival  erythema.  
may  also  destabilize  bacterial   where  bacterial  infection  or   cornea  &  conjunctiva.   Secondary  infection.  
memebrane  by  binding  to  16  S  16  S  r-­ risk  of  bacterial  ocular   Mycobacterial  eye  infection.  
RNA.  An  active  transport  mechanism  for   infection  exists   Fungal  diseases  of  ocular  
aminoglycoside  uptake  is  necessary  in   structures.  After  
the  bacteria  in  order  to  attain  a  significant   uncomplicated  removal  of  a  
intracellular  concentration  of  tobramycin.   corneal  foreign  body  
Tramadol   50-­100mg   Binds  to  Mu  Opiate  receptors  in  the  brain     Hypersensitivity  to  tramadol   Most  common  side  effects  
(Dolotral,   Silverol,   every  4-­6   and  spinal  cord,  which  alters  sensation   or  any  component  of  the   are  CNS  related:  Headaches,  
TDL,   Tradonal,   hours,  not  to   and  response  to  pain.  Also  inhibits   tablets  or  Ampoule  solution.   dizziness,  somnolence,  
Trama)   exceed   reuptake  of  serotonin  and   Patients  intoxicated  with   vertigo.  May  cause  
400mg/day   norepinephrine,  which  also  results  in   alcohol  or  other  sedating   vasodilaton  and  hypotonia  
alteration  in  pain  signal  transmission   drugs  
Use  with  extreme  precaution  
among  patients  taking  other  
CNS  drugs  particularly  
sedatives  or  CNS  
depressants  
Tramadol   50-­100mg   Binds  to  Mu  Opiate  receptors  in  the  brain     Hypersensitivity  to  tramadol   Most  common  side  effects  
(Dolotral,  Silverol,   every  4-­6   and  spinal  cord,  which  alters  sensation   or  any  component  of  the   are  CNS  related:  Headaches,  
TDL,  Tradonal,   hours,  not  to   and  response  to  pain.  Also  inhibits   tablets  or  Ampoule  solution.   dizziness,  somnolence,  
Trama)   exceed   reuptake  of  serotonin  and   Patients  intoxicated  with   vertigo.  May  cause  
400mg/day   norepinephrine,  which  also  results  in   alcohol  or  other  sedating   vasodilaton  and  hypotonia  
alteration  in  pain  signal  transmission   drugs  
Use  with  extreme  precaution  
among  patients  taking  other  
CNS  drugs  particularly  
sedatives  or  CNS  
depressants  
Tramadol   HCl   and   1-­2  tab  4-­6   Tramadol  acts  as  a  μ-­opioid  receptor   Moderate  to  severe  pain.   Acute  intoxication  w/   CNS  &  GI  disturbances.  
paracetamol   hrly.  Max:  8   agonist,  serotonin  releasing  agent,   alcohol,  hypnotics,  narcotics,   Nausea,  dizziness,  
(Dolcet)     tab/day.   norepinephrine  reuptake  inhibitor,  NMDA   centrally-­acting  analgesics,   somnolence.  Asthenia,  
receptor  antagonist,  5-­HT2C  receptor   opioids  or  psychotropic   fatigue,  hot  flushes,  
antagonist,  (α7)5  nicotinic  acetylcholine   drugs.  Hypersensitivity.   constipation,  diarrhea,  
receptor  antagonist,  and  M1  and  M3   flatulence,  dry  mouth,  
muscarinic  acetylcholine  receptor   pruritus,  increased  sweating,  
antagonis   tinnitus.  
Tramadol   HCl   and     Tramadol  acts  as  a  μ-­opioid  receptor   Moderate  to  severe  pain.   Acute  intoxication  w/   CNS  &  GI  disturbances.  
paracetamol   agonist,  serotonin  releasing  agent,   alcohol,  hypnotics,  narcotics,   Nausea,  dizziness,  
(Dolcet)     norepinephrine  reuptake  inhibitor,  NMDA   centrally-­acting  analgesics,   somnolence.  Asthenia,  
receptor  antagonist,  5-­HT2C  receptor   opioids  or  psychotropic   fatigue,  hot  flushes,  
antagonist,  (α7)5  nicotinic  acetylcholine   drugs.  Hypersensitivity.   constipation,  diarrhea,  
receptor  antagonist,  and  M1  and  M3   flatulence,  dry  mouth,  
muscarinic  acetylcholine  receptor   pruritus,  increased  sweating,  
antagonis   tinnitus.  
Tranexamic  Acid   250-­ Competitively  inhibits  activation  of   Menorrhagea,  Metrorrhagea,   Acquired  defective  color   Gastrointestinal  >10%  
500mg/cap  1-­2   plasminogen  to  plasmin,  which  inhibits   valvular  heart  surgery,  GI   vision,  active  intravascular   (nausea,  diarrhea,  vomiting),  
cap  TID/QID   fibrinolysis.  Also  inhibits  plasmin   hemorrhage,  Hereditary   clotting,  subarachnoid   Cardiovascular  and  Ocular  
250-­500mg  IV   proteolytic  activity   angioneurotic  edema   hemorrhage,  Concurrent   1%  to  10%  (Hypotension,  
slow  push   factor  IX  complex  or  anti-­ thrombosis,  blurred  vision)  
 inhibitor  coagulant  
concentrates,  patients  with  
cardiovascular,  renal,  CVD,  
and  thromboembolic  disease  
Tranexamic  Acid   250-­ Competitively  inhibits  activation  of   Menorrhagea,  Metrorrhagea,   Acquired  defective  color   Gastrointestinal  >10%  
500mg/cap  1-­2   plasminogen  to  plasmin,  which  inhibits   valvular  heart  surgery,  GI   vision,  active  intravascular   (nausea,  diarrhea,  vomiting),  
cap  TID/QID   fibrinolysis.  Also  inhibits  plasmin   hemorrhage,  Hereditary   clotting,  subarachnoid   Cardiovascular  and  Ocular  
250-­500mg  IV   proteolytic  activity     angioneurotic  edema   hemorrhage,  Concurrent   1%  to  10%  (Hypotension,  
slow  push   factor  IX  complex  or  anti-­ thrombosis,  blurred  vision)  
inhibitor  coagulant  
concentrates,  patients  with  
cardiovascular,  renal,  CVD,  
and  thromboembolic  disease  
Trimetazadine   As   Trimetazidine  is  a  cellular  acting  anti-­ Angina  pectoris,  Meniere's   Hypersensitivity.  Pregnancy   GI  disturbances,  vomiting,  
hydrochloride   conventional   ischaemic  agent.  It  has  3  main  properties   disease   and  lactation.   nausea.  
  tab:  40-­60  mg   by  which  it  acts  as  a  cytoprotective  
daily  in  divided   agent.  It  inhibits  the  anaerobic  glycolysis  
doses.   and  fatty  acid  metabolism,  thus  allowing  
only  aerobic  glycolysis.  This  action  helps  
to  restore  the  energy  balance  in  the  cell.  
It  inhibits  acidosis  and  free  radical  
accumulation  in  the  cell.  All  these  action  
help  the  cell  to  restore  the  normal  ionic  
and  metabolic  balance.  
Trimetazidine   35mg     Angina   pectoris,   ischemia   of   Hypersensitivity,  pregnancy   GI   disturbances;;   nausea,  
(Vestar)   neurosensorial   tissues   as   in   vomiting  
Meniere’s  disease  
Trimetazidine   3  tabs  daily  in   Fatty  acid  oxidation  inhibitor  reduces   Used  in  angina  pectoris  and   Pregnancy  and  lactation,   Gastric  discomfort,  nausea,  
(Vastarel)   3  divided   ATP  requirement  of  ischemic   in  ischemia  of  neuro-­sensorial   children.   headache  and  vertigo  
doses   myocardium  thereby  improving  metabolic   tissues  as  in  Meniere’s  
status  via  partial  inhibition  of  enzyme   disease.  
long  chain  3  ketoacyl  thiolase.  
Ursodeoxycholic   10  mg/kg  body   Each  capsule  also  contains  maize   Treatment  of  cholestatic  liver   Acute  inflammation  of  the   During  treatment  with  
acid   weight/day   starch,  colloidal  anhydrous  silica,   disease.  Dissolution  of   gallbladder  and  bile  ducts;;   Ursofalk,  gallstone  
(Ursofalk)   equivalent  to:   magnesium  stearate,  gelatin  titanium  
Up  to  60  kg:  2   dioxide  (E171)  and  sodium  dodecyl   cholesterol  gallstone  in  the   obstruction  of  the  biliary  tract   calcification  may  occur.  In  
caps;;  up  to  80   sulfate  as  inactive  ingredients.   gallbladder.  The  gallstones   (common  bile  duct  or  cystic   rare  cases,  the  stool  may  
kg:  3  caps;;  up    
to  100  kg:  4   class  of  bile  acids   should  not  show  up  on  x-­ray   duct),  inflammation   become  doughy.  
caps;;  >100  kg:   and  should  not  be  >15  mm.   disorders  of  the  large  and  
5  caps.   The  gallbladder  must  be   small  intestine,  pregnancy.   Decompensation  of  liver  
functioning  despite  of  (a)   cirrhosis  has  been  observed  
gallstone(s).   Ursofalk  should  not  be  taken   in  isolated  cases  during  the  
when  the  gallbladder  cannot   treatment  of  primary  biliary  
Treatment   of   biliary   reflux   be  visualized  at  x-­ray,  in   cirrhosis  of  an  advanced  
gastritis.   patients  with  calcified   stage.  This  receded,  
gallstones,  disturbed   however,  after  discontinuing  
Symptomatic   treatment   of   contractility  of  the  
 primary   biliary   cirrhosis   gallbladder  or  frequent   therapy.  
provided   no   decompensated   biliary  colic  
liver  cirrhosis  is  present   During  the  treatment  of  
  primary  biliary  cirrhosis  with  
  Ursofalk,  severe,  right-­sided  
epigastric  pain  resulted  in  
isolated  cases.  

 
Ursodeoxycholic   10mg/kg  body     Primary  biliary  cirrhosis,   Acute  inflammation  of   Gastrointestinal  disorders  –  
Acid  (Ursofalk)     wt/day   dissolution  of  gall  stones   the  gall  bladder  or   pasty  or  diarrheic  stools,  
biliary  tract;;  occlusion   hepatobiliary  disorders  –  
of  the  biliary  tract   calcification  of  gall  stones,  
(occlusion  of  the   skin  and  subcutaneous  
common  bile  duct  or  a   disorders  –  urticaria  (rare)    
cystic  duct);;  frequent  
  episodes  of  biliary  
colic;;  radio-­opaque  
calcified  gallstones;;  
impaired  contractility  of  
the  gall  bladder;;    
hypersensitivity  to  bile  
acids  or  any  excipient  
of  the  formulation  
 

Valdecoxib   20mg  /  tab   Inhibition  of  cyclooxygenase-­2  (COX-­2)     Patients  with  known   Dry  mouth,  hypertension,  
(Bextra)   once  daily   pathway   hypersensitivity  to   peripheral  edema,  ,  
Valdecoxib.  Patients  who   abdominal  fullness,  
have  demonstrated  allergic-­ abdominal  pain,  diarrhea,  
type  reactions  to   dyspepsia,  nausea,  anemia,  
sulfonamides.  Patient  who   sinusitis,  rash  
have  experienced  asthma,  
urticaria,  allergic  type  
reactions  after  taking  
NSAIDS  including  other  
COX-­2  inhibitors  
Valdecoxib   20mg  /  tab   Inhibition  of  cyclooxygenase-­2  (COX-­2)     Patients  with  known   Dry  mouth,  hypertension,  
(Bextra)   once  daily   pathway   hypersensitivity  to   peripheral  edema,  ,  
Valdecoxib.  Patients  who   abdominal  fullness,  
have  demonstrated  allergic-­ abdominal  pain,  diarrhea,  
type  reactions  to   dyspepsia,  nausea,  anemia,  
sulfonamides.  Patient  who   sinusitis,  rash  
have  experienced  asthma,  
urticaria,  allergic  type  
reactions  after  taking  
NSAIDS  including  other  
COX-­2  inhibitors    
Valproic  acid   250mg,  15ml   Valproic  acid  and  its  derivative,     Should  not  take  this  drug  if   The  most  common  side  
(Depakene)   NGT  30ml/day   divalproex,  are  oral  drugs  that  are  used   you  have  liver  disease  or   effects  with  valproic  acid  
 for  the  treatment  of  convulsions,   your  liver  is  not  functioning   therapy  are  drowsiness,  
migraines  and  bipolar  disorder.  The   properly,  or  if  you  have  had   dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting,  
active  ingredient  in  both  products  is   an  allergic  reaction  to  it.   indigestion,  diarrhea,  weight  
valproic  acid  or  valproate.  Scientists  do   loss  and  tremors.  
not  know  the  mechanism  of  action  of   Liver  injury,  pancreatitis  and  
valproate.  The  most  popular  theory  is  that   abnormal  bleeding  
valproate  exerts  its  effects  by  increasing  
the  concentration  of  gamma-­aminobutyric  
acid  (GABA)  in  the  brain.  Gamma-­
aminobutyric  acid  is  a  neurotransmitter,  a  
chemical  that  nerves  use  to  communicate  
with  one  another  
Valproic   acid,   250mg,  15ml   Valproic  acid  and  its  derivative,   Treatment  of  simple  and   Should  not  take  this  drug  if   The  most  common  side  
Divalproex  Na   NGT  30ml/day   divalproex,  are  oral  drugs  that  are  used   complex  seizures.   you  have  liver  disease  or   effects  with  valproic  acid  
(Depakene)   for  the  treatment  of  convulsions,   your  liver  is  not  functioning   therapy  are  drowsiness,  
migraines  and  bipolar  disorder.  The   properly,  or  if  you  have  had   dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting,  
active  ingredient  in  both  products  is   an  allergic  reaction  to  it.   indigestion,  diarrhea,  weight  
valproic  acid  or  valproate.  Scientists  do   loss  and  tremors.  
not  know  the  mechanism  of  action  of   Liver  injury,  pancreatitis  and  
valproate.  The  most  popular  theory  is   abnormal  bleeding  
that  valproate  exerts  its  effects  by  
increasing  the  concentration  of  gamma-­
aminobutyric  acid  (GABA)  in  the  brain.  
Gamma-­aminobutyric  acid  is  a  
neurotransmitter,  a  chemical  that  nerves  
use  to  communicate  with  one  another  
Vancomycin   300mg/IV   Inhibits   bacterial   cell   wall   synthesis   by   Serious  Gram  (+)  infections   Hypersensitivity   Red  man  syndrome,  
blocking   glycopeptide   polymerization   particularly  methicillin-­ nephrotoxicity,  ototoxicity,  
through   bnding   tightly   to   D-­alanyl   D-­ resistant  S.  aureus  in  brain   phlebitis,  anaphylaxia,  
alanine  portion  of  cell  wall  precursor.   abscesses,  meningitis,   nausea,  chills,  fever,  
infective  endocarditis,   eosinophilia,  rashes.  
peritonitis  associated  with  
CAPD,  osteomyelitis,  
pneumonia,  skin  and  skin  
structure  infections  and  
septicemia  
Vandol   Cream/ointme None   Emollients   None   Diaper  rash,  chafing,  
nt   sunburn,  dry  skin,  abrasions,  
superficial  wounds,  minor  
burns.  
Vasaltarn/   80/12.5  mg  tab   Hydrochlorothiazide  belongs  to  the   Hypertension   Pregnancy  &  severe  hepatic   Headache,  dizziness,  fatigue.  
Hydroclorothiazide( 160/12.5  mg   thiazide  class  of  diuretics,  acting  on  the   impairment,  biliary  cirrhosis  &   Hydrochlorothiazide:  
Co-­Diovan)   tab   kidneys  to  reduce  sodium  (Na)   cholestasis.  Anuria,  severe   Hypokalemia,  hyperuricemia,  
320/12.5  mg   reabsorption  in  the  distal  convoluted   renal  impairment  (CrCl  <30   electrolyte  disturbances,  
tab   tubule.  This  increases  the  osmolarity  in   mL/min).  Refractory   postural  hypotension,  rise  in  
320/25  mg  tab   the  lumen,  causing  less  water  to  be   hypokalemia,  hyponatremia,   blood  lipids  
reabsorbed  from  the  c   hypercalcemia  &  
ollecting  ducts.  This  leads  to  increased   symptomatic  hyperuricemia.  
urinary  output  
Verapami  (Isoptin)l     A  calcium  antagonist  that  inhibits  the   Chronic  coronary   Cardiovascular  shock,   Bradycardic  arrythmias  when  
transmembrane  influx  of  calcium  ions   insufficiency,  long  term   complicated  acute  MI,   given  in  large  doses.  
 into  the  heart  and  vascular  smooth   treatment  of  angina  pectoris,   severe  conduction  disorders   Constipation.  Nausea,  
muscles.   coronary  spasms.   and  sick  sinus  syndrome.   vertigo,  dizziness,  headache,  
Hypertesnion.  Tachycardia.   flushing,  fatigue,  
nervousness,  ankle  edemas  
in  rare  cases.  
Vincristine   Adult  0.4-­1.4   vincristine  and  other  vinca  alkaloids  exert     Biliary  obstruction,   Neurotoxicity.  CNS  effects  eg  
2
(Alcavixin,   mg/m  BSA.   their  cytotoxic  effects  by  binding  to   preexisting  neuropathies,   depression,  agitation,  
Biomedis   Childn  1.5-­2   tubulin,  the  protein  subunit  of  the   liver  dysfunction  or  jaundice   insomnia,  hallucinations  &  
2
Vincristine,   mg/m  BSA,   microtubles  that  form  the  mitotic  spindle.   &  elderly.  Extravasation,   episodes  of  altered  
Nevexitin,   Pfizer   <10  kg  or  BSA   The  formation  of  vincristine-­tublin   nephrotoxicity,  hepatic   consciousness.  Rare  
2
Vincristine)   <1  m  0.05   complexes  prevent  the  polymerization  of   impairment.  Pregnancy,   hypersensitivity.  Leucopenia,  
mg/kg  wkly   the  tubulin  subunits  into  microtublues   lactation.  Fatal  if  given   anemia,  thrombocytopenia.  
and  induces  depolymerization  of   intrathecally   GI  effects.  Hyperuricemia,  
microtubules  resulting  in  inhibition  of   uric  acid  nephropathy,  
microtubule  assembly  and  cellular   polyuria,  dysuria  &  urinary  
metaphase  arrest.  In  high   retention  due  to  bladder  
concentrations,  the  drug  also  exerts   atony.  Alopecia.  Increased  
complex  effects  on  nucleic  acid  and   urinary  Na  excretion.  
protein  synthesis.  Vincristine  exerts   Hypertension,  hypotension.  
some  immunosuppressive  activity   Fever,  headache  
Vincristine   Adult  0.4-­1.4   vincristine  and  other  vinca  alkaloids  exert     Biliary  obstruction,   Neurotoxicity.  CNS  effects  eg  
2
(Alcavixin,   mg/m  BSA.   their  cytotoxic  effects  by  binding  to   preexisting  neuropathies,   depression,  agitation,  
Biomedis   Childn  1.5-­2   tubulin,  the  protein  subunit  of  the   liver  dysfunction  or  jaundice   insomnia,  hallucinations  &  
2
Vincristine,   mg/m  BSA,   microtubles  that  form  the  mitotic  spindle.   &  elderly.  Extravasation,   episodes  of  altered  
Nevexitin,  Pfizer   <10  kg  or  BSA   The  formation  of  vincristine-­tublin   nephrotoxicity,  hepatic   consciousness.  Rare  
2
Vincristine)   <1  m  0.05   complexes  prevent  the  polymerization  of   impairment.  Pregnancy,   hypersensitivity.  Leucopenia,  
mg/kg  wkly   the  tubulin  subunits  into  microtublues  and   lactation.  Fatal  if  given   anemia,  thrombocytopenia.  
induces  depolymerization  of  microtubules   intrathecally   GI  effects.  Hyperuricemia,  
resulting  in  inhibition  of  microtubule   uric  acid  nephropathy,  
assembly  and  cellular  metaphase  arrest.   polyuria,  dysuria  &  urinary  
In  high  concentrations,  the  drug  also   retention  due  to  bladder  
exerts  complex  effects  on  nucleic  acid   atony.  Alopecia.  Increased  
and  protein  synthesis.  Vincristine  exerts   urinary  Na  excretion.  
some  immunosuppressive  activity   Hypertension,  hypotension.  
Fever,  headache  
Vitamin  A   25,000iu   Supplementation   Treatment  of  vit  A  deficiency   Special  precaution  in    
Retinol  palmitate   pregnancy.  Excessive  doses  
may  lead  to  
hypervitaminosis  
Vitamin  A   25,000iu   Supplementation   Treatment  of  vit  A  deficiency   Special  precaution  in    
Retinol  palmitate   pregnancy.  Excessive  doses  
may  lead  to  hypervitaminosis  
Vitamin  B    Complex     an  allithiamine  that  boosts  Advanced   Increased  requirement  of   Hypersentivity    
with  C  (BNC)   Glycation  Endproduct  (AGE)-­inhibiting   these  vit  as  in  pregnancy,  
thiamine  pyrophosphate  and  cell-­ lactation,  periods  of  rapid  
shielding  transketolase  activity.   growth  &  development,  
infection,  physical  &  mental  
strain.  
Vitamin   B   Complex   Tab  BID   Supplementation   Neuritis,  neuralgias,  shoulder-­    
(Neurobion)     arm  syndrome,  facial  paresis,  
pregnancy  neuritis,  drug-­
 induced  &  alcoholic  
neuropathy,  diabetic  
neuropathy,  sciatica,  
lumbago-­lumbalgia,  
intercoastal  neuralgia,  
trigeminal  neuralgia,  herpes  
zoster,  optic  neuritis,  
numbness  of  the  extremities,  
hyperemesis  gravidarum,  vit  
B  deficiency,  CVA  
Vitamin  E   300iu,  400iu   Supplementation   Maintains  healthy  skin  &      
DI-­a-­tocopheryl   eyes.  Protects  against  
acetate   artherosclerosis  &  CV  
(Mira  E  )   disorders.  Improves  nerve  
functions  &  prevents  onset  of  
neuromuscular  degenerative  
diseases  
Vitamin  E   300iu,  400iu   Supplementation   Maintains  healthy  skin  &      
DI-­a-­tocopheryl   eyes.  Protects  against  
acetate   artherosclerosis  &  CV  
(Mira  E  )   disorders.  Improves  nerve  
functions  &  prevents  onset  of  
neuromuscular  degenerative  
diseases  
Vitamin  K   0.5mg  IM   Promotes  liver  synthesis  of  clotting   Prophylaxis  and  therapy  of   Coumarin  and  indanedione   Allergic  reactions,  including  
factors  (II,  VII,IX,X).   hemorrhagic  disease  of  the   derivatives   anaphylactoid  reaction,  pain,  
newborn   swelling  
Vitamin  K   1mg  IM   Promotes  liver  synthesis  of  clotting   Prophylaxis  and  therapy  of   Coumarin  and  indanedione   Allergic  reactions,  including  
factors  (II,  VII,IX,X).   hemorrhagic  disease  of  the   derivatives     anaphylactoid  reaction,  pain,  
newborn   swelling  
 
Patient  Name:                           Clerk-­in-­Charge  :  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patient  Name:                           Clerk-­in-­Charge  :  JI,