2 Electromagnetic Relays

23. Find the plug-setting and time of operation of IDMT overcurrent relay for the system shown in Fig. 2.42.
Data:
CT ratio: 100/1 amp
Rated full load current of induction motor: 90 amp.
Relay rating: 1 amp, setting range: 50 –200% of 1 A in 7 equal steps,
TMS selected = 0.1
Fault current, If = 550 amp

C.T.

52 I.M.

51
Busbar lf

Fig. 2.42

Sol: Rated full load current of induction motor = 90 amp.

Current reflected on secondary side of C.T.

( )
= ___
90
100
= 0.9 amp.
\ P.S. of IDMT overcurrent relay > 90% of 1 amp.
P.S. of Relay is selected as 100% of 1 amp as immediate higher step to 90% available is 100%.
Time of operation of IDMT relay
3
= _______ × TMS
log PSM
3
= __________ × 0.1
log(550/100)
= 0.4052 sec
24. A percentage differential relay employed in the protective scheme of Fig. 2.43 has a minimum pick-up of 0.05 A
and 10% slope. A high resistance ground fault has occurred near the grounded neutral end of the generator
winding while the generator is carrying load. The resulting current magnitudes are given in Fig. 2.43. Assuming
that the CTs have 400/1 amp ratio and no inaccuracies, will the relay trip the breaker under this condition?
Would the relay operate at the given value of the fault current if the generator were carrying no load with the
breaker open?
When the generator is carrying load,
I1 = 400 amp
I2 = 375 amp
\ If = (I1 – I2) = 25 amp
2 Power System Protection and Switchgear

400 A 375 A

52
To load

Relay

Fig. 2.43

The currents reproduced in secondary of 400/1 amp C.T. are

i1 = 1 amp
i2 = 0.9375 amp
\ i1 - i2 = 0.0625 amp
This is more than basic setting of 0.05 amp.
Pick-up ratio,
(i1 – i2)
_______
(i1 + i2)/2 [ 0.0625
]
= _______ × 100 = 6.45%
0.96875
This is less than bias setting of 10%. Therefore, biased differential relay will not operate.
When breaker is off,
I1 = If = 25 amp
and I2 = 0
\ Secondary equivalents are,
i1 = 0.0625 amp
i2 = 0 amp
\ (i1 – i2) = 0.0625 amp, which is higher than basic setting.
(i1 – i2)
[
0.0625 – 0
and, _______ = ________ × 100 = 200%
(i1 + i2)/2 0.0625/2 ]
This is more than bias setting. Hence biased differential relay will operate under this condition.