12

5 (a) A typical dicotyledonous leaf contains a number of different types of cells, including: For
Examiner's
Use
guard cells, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and upper epidermal cells.

Using the types of cells listed above, complete the table by

(i) writing the types of cells in the order that sunlight passes through them,

(ii) stating the proportion of chloroplasts in each of the types of cells. Use the terms
none, some and many.

number of
type of cell
chloroplasts

[3]

Stomatal pores are surrounded by pairs of guard cells. When the stomata are closed the
rate of photosynthesis is affected, due to a limiting factor.

(b) (i) Write a balanced equation, using chemical symbols, for the process of
photosynthesis.

[2]

(ii) Define the term limiting factor.

[2]

(iii) State the factor that limits photosynthesis when the stomata are closed.

[1]

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(c) Vascular bundles, containing xylem and phloem tissue, are situated in the leaf. For
Examiner's
Use
(i) Describe the structure of xylem tissue.

[3]

(ii) State the functions of xylem and phloem.

Function of xylem

Function of phloem

[4]

(d) Some plants close their stomata during the hottest part of the day, despite the effect on
photosynthesis. Suggest what benefit this might be to the plants.

[1]

[Total: 16]

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9 This question is about photosynthesis.

Complete the sentences using words from the list.

Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

chlorophyll chloroplast epidermis glucose

glycogen membrane palisade starch

stigma stomata

When plants carry out photosynthesis the chemical called ............................................. traps light

energy.

The energy is used to combine raw materials to make ............................................. .

This process mainly happens in the ............................................. layer of the leaf.

The gas needed for photosynthesis enters the leaf through the ............................................. .

These are found in the ............................................. of the leaf.

Leaves appear green because they contain the chemical called ............................................. .
[6]

[Total: 6]

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4 (a) Define the term photosynthesis and outline one reason why it is important to ecosystems.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) (i) Name the green substance that plants need for photosynthesis.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Name the gas that plants need for photosynthesis.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Name the gas that plants produce during photosynthesis.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Fig. 4.1 shows the apparatus a student used to investigate how light intensity affects
photosynthesis.

test-tube

bubbles of gas
lamp

cm ruler

aquatic plant 0 5 10 15 20

Fig. 4.1

The student placed an aquatic plant under a funnel in a beaker of water.

During the investigation she placed the lamp at different distances from the aquatic plant.

At each distance she counted how many bubbles the aquatic plant produced in one minute.

The bubbles of gas were then collected in the test-tube.

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a diagram of a cross-section of a leaf.

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) Identify the parts labelled on Fig. 5.1 and state the names of

tissue A ..............................................................................................................................

cell B ..................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The cells in tissue A are adapted for photosynthesis.

State where photosynthesis occurs in the cell.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Draw circles around the structures that are found in both plant and animal cells.

cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm

starch grains nucleus permanent vacuole

[3]

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(c) State the raw materials needed for photosynthesis.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Fig. 5.2 shows two leaves from the same plant.

Fig. 5.2

Suggest which leaf carries out more photosynthesis and explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a section through a flower.

A ......................................

B ......................................

C ......................................

D ......................................

Fig. 2.1

(a) State the names of structures A, B, C and D on Fig. 2.1.

Write your answers on Fig. 2.1. [4]

(b) The flower in Fig. 2.1 is pollinated by insects.

Complete Table 2.1 by describing three ways in which a wind-pollinated flower is different to
the flower in Fig. 2.1.

Give a reason for each difference.

An example has been done for you.

Table 2.1

how a wind-pollinated flower

structure differs from the flower in reason for difference
Fig. 2.1

anther loosely attached easily shaken by wind to

release pollen

petals

stigma

pollen

[6]
[Total: 10]
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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a section through a leaf.

R ...............................

S ...............................

T ...............................

V ...............................

Fig. 5.1

(a) State the names of R, S, T and V on Fig. 5.1.

Write your answers on Fig. 5.1. [4]

(b) The main function of leaves is to produce carbohydrates.

Describe how plants produce carbohydrates.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 8]

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7 (a) The cells in the leaves of plants that make glucose contain a green substance.

(i) State the name of this green substance.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the cells that make glucose.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Leaves contain different types of cells.

Fig. 7.1 represents a typical leaf.

Fig. 7.1

(i) State the name of the thin, transparent layer of wax which covers the surface of most
leaves.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the layer of cells that is beneath the layer of wax that covers the outer
surface.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Leaves contain two types of transport tissue, xylem and phloem.

State which substances are transported by:

xylem ........................................................................................................................................

phloem ......................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(d) The lower surface of most leaves has many pores.

The pores allow gases to move into and out of a leaf for photosynthesis.

(i) State the name of these pores.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the gas that is used for photosynthesis.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the gas that is produced by photosynthesis.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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