RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5324: INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY INTO EDUCATION

Name:_________Emilse Rosa__________________ Date:

___________6/9/20________________

Topic Selected:
What does the research say about advantages and disadvantages of distance education?

1. LITERATURE REVIEW: (250 Words)

What does the literature/research say about this issue/topic? By using NAU Library or
Online Search engines, conduct a literature review.

● You need to include 5 different sources (book, journal article, web article etc.) in
your review. Try to use current sources as much as possible.
● You need to summarize and synthesize your sources by discussing a common theme
or issue.
● You need to provide background information such as history and definitions

Literature Review:
Tahi, R., Bouarab-Dahmani, F., & Bouazid, T. (2014). E-Learning Advantages and
Disadvantages Through an Experimentation. Proceedings of the European Conference on E-
Learning, 520–526.

Common theme:technical and pedagogic trainings in e-learning

History:
-The progressive introduction of the License-Master-Doctorat system in Algeria has started in
2003. This very system requires qualitative enhancements and changes regarding education,
research and evaluation. In order to support the teacher in his pedagogic and scientific activities,
the Ministry of Higher Education has initiated the Distance Learning National Project (DLNP)
which aims at integrating Information and Communication Technologies in Education (ICTE)
through both videoconference and e-learning. Substantial investments have enabled universities
to acquire high
performance hardware.
-Insofar as the integration of ICTE is an iterative process, in perpetual development, that gets
better according to its evolution, a decade after launching this DLNP.
-We followed the principle of iterative and incremental development approach which is based on
the evolution of the training design in stages (pre-project study, contents design, educational
scenarios development, tests and evaluation of the training).
- The experimentation has underlined strong points (tutorial system, courses structuring and
presenting, activities, adequacy between the training content and its objective) as well as weak
ones (lack of learning autonomy for learners and bad time management, bureaucratic and
technical problems).
-A critical analysis of this experimentation led us to make some concrete proposals for a better
integration of ICTE. As for the potential human resource (especially students, teachers and
administrative managers), it's necessary to make them aware, to inform and train them yet always
by assisting them. From the technical standpoint, many initiatives are already under way (fit out
all the classrooms with video projectors, some classrooms have computers for each student),
whereas training teachers, especially for the collaborative work, is the main aspect to take into
account. Insofar as the e-learning trainings don't fit our socio-cultural environment, they could be
replaced by cross trainings such as the blended learning and thus secure a return on DLNP
investments.
Definitions:
DLNP- Distance Learning National Project
ICTE- Information and Communication Technologies

INDREICA, E.-S. (2014). E-Learning Platform: Advantages and Disadvantages on Time

Management. ELearning & Software for Education, 3, 236–243. https://doi.org/10.12753/2066-
026X-14-177

Common theme:disadvantages of e-learning on time management

History:
-More than half of the university students start learning or actually learn with less than one week
before the exams period. Overwhelmed by the volume of learning material and the short period
available, they fail in reaching standards.
-We started from the main hypothesis that the use of Moodle e-learning platform has efficient
effects on time management strategies.
-Two questionnaires were administered: The Use of E-Learning Platform Questionnaire (aiming
to identify dimensions such as: frequency of use, facilities, number of hours per week, type of
applications, number of online curses attended, etc.), The Time Management Questionnaire -
assessing time management behaviours, such as setting goals and priorities, scheduling and
planning behaviours, perception of time control. The Time Management Questionnaire was also
administered to a sample of students not-enrolled in online curses, in order to assess the
differences between the enrolled and not-enrolled students regarding the strategies of time
management.
-The results showed that students enrolled in online learning have a more efficient time
management than those not enrolled. The associations were higher when frequency of use of e-
learning platform was included in the analysis. The results showed that the e-learning platform
has advantages on time management for those students who are advanced users, but it is time
consuming for those who are beginners. The results highlight the fact that not all students are
familiar with the use of platform and that they are using limited applications which does not
improve significantly their time management strategies.
-The participants were students at the University Transilvania of Brasov, from several faculties.
The data from the time management scale were also correlated with academic achievement
measures, showing that academic achievement is positively associated with efficient time
management, especially for the students enrolled in online courses.
Definitions:
-e-learning- distance learning

Qiu, M., & McDougall, D. (2013). Foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses: Advantages and
disadvantages of online versus face-to-face subgroup discourse. Computers & Education, 67, 1–
11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.005

Common theme:online small group discussions have more advantages over face-to-face ones.
History:
-Using a mixed methods study methodology, five online graduate-level courses were investigated
and the experiences from twenty-two participants were described to identify key advantages and
disadvantages of subgroup structures used to evaluate graduate students' and instructors'
experiences.
-Outcomes revealed that online small group discussions have more advantages over face-to-face
ones. -Online small group discussions can be an effective strategy to interweave whole-class
discussions with small group discussions in order to reduce overall information loads in large
classes while providing more opportunities for interaction.
-online small group discussions have some disadvantages over face-to-face discussions.
-The findings may have implications for both practitioners and researchers studying online small
group discourse.
-They could serve as a base for researchers to further explore the issue to achieve fruitful online
discourse.
Definitions:
Subgroup- a division of people in groups

Dumford, A. D., & Miller, A. L. (2018). Online learning in higher education: exploring
advantages and disadvantages for engagement. Journal of Computing in Higher Education,
30(3), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9179-z

Common theme: how to best deliver course content for online learners.
History:
-This study explores the ways in which taking courses through an online medium impacts student
engagement, utilizing data from the National Survey of Student Engagement.
-Data was analyzed using a series of ordinary least squares regression models, also controlling
for relevant student and institutional characteristics.
-The results indicated numerous significant relationships between taking online courses and
student engagement for both first-year students and seniors.
-Those students taking greater numbers of online courses were more likely to engage in
quantitative reasoning.
-they were less likely to engage in collaborative learning, student-faculty interactions, and
discussions with diverse others, compared to their more traditional classroom counterparts.
-The students with greater numbers of online courses also reported less exposure to effective
teaching practices and lower quality of interactions.
-The relationship between these engagement indicators and the percentage of classes taken online
suggests that an online environment might benefit certain types of engagement, but may also be
somewhat of a deterrent to others.
-Institutions should consider these findings when designing online course content, and encourage
faculty to contemplate ways of encouraging student engagement across a variety of delivery
types

Definitions:
Delivery type-way it is presented
Online medium- the way it is delivered, how they receive the content

RADOVIĆ-MARKOVIĆ, M. (2010). Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning in

Comparison to Traditional Forms of Learning. Annals of the University of Petrosani Economics,
10(2), 289–298.

Common theme:the different modalities of this kind of learning

History:
-Internet education is soon to become the dominant form of education in the world.
-A lot of effort is being devoted into furthering the work methods and communication among
students and professors, aimed at bettering the quality of this kind of studying.
-further development of virtual education in the future will depend on the advance of
contemporary technologies and the Internet. H
- the author of this paper has tried to explore to what extent the previous results have been
accomplished, as well as to classify the different modalities of this kind of learning and to
ascertain their advantages and disadvantages.
-A special emphasis has been put on the great utility value for all developed economies, which
have made great progress in the development rate and in the spreading of virtual faculties'
network.
-At the end of this research paper, recommendations are given, and further trends of Internet
education are established, juxtaposed to the classic forms of studying, based on the latest
research results in this field. -The author especially emphasizes the fact that faculties with
"classrooms without walls" will not fully replace traditional faculties.
-The value of this paper lies particularly in the fact that it builds not only on the contemporary
researchfindings, but also on the author's personal experience as a professor engaged in this form
of student education.
Definitions:
Virtual education- online education
Network- a group or arrangement of people that are connected
Classrooms without walls- it’s a term to refer to distance learning/virtual classrooms

2. REFLECTION: (250 Words)

● What is your personal opinion on this issue? Do you agree with the research? If you
agree or disagree, please explain why?
● Provide examples/experiences regarding this issue from school perspective or If you
are not working in a school, from your profession. Be specific with your examples.
You can mention software/hardware names, specific methods that you plan to use,
etc.
● How would you implement this research in your career? (At least 1 paragraph)

Reflection:

● What is your personal opinion on this issue? I think that distance learning has its
advantages and can reach more people than traditional education can. For distance
learning all you need is internet access and a device to connect to the internet; you don’t
need a ride, money for gas, or to pay a babysitter because you can do it from home at
your own pace.
 ● Do you agree with the research? I agree with the research not everyone is prepared to
take online classes; you need discipline and time management in order to do so. It is at
your own pace so time management is very important in order to be successful.
● Provide examples/experiences regarding this issue from school perspective. During
traditional school in a classroom the teacher has to be the time keeper and has to give
constant reminders about time and there’s different task to do at a specific time depending
how the teacher planned it; as it is you still have student that do not finish on time. Kids
do not know how to manage their time and need reminders on what to doin this way we
are hurting students because they’re not learning how to manage their time which will
affect them in the future if they ever decide to take online classes or for their future jobs. I
think that students need to be trained on how to manage their time so that they can be
successful further down their lives.
● Another thing students need help with is technology itself a lot of high schoolers don’t
know how to draft an email or the difference between an informal and formal email. I
think that this is a basic skill that everyone should be able to do once they’re in high
school.
● Each student has an online account for an interactive website in which they can take
quizzes, play games, or just study by reading material from class. It is their responsibility
to turn in work by due date, there are no extensions and if they finish work early in class
they can work on this.
● I use technology to review and reinforce learning to make it interactive
● You can mention software/hardware names, specific methods that you plan to use,
etc. a way in which I try to prepare my students is giving them an outline of the day’s
activities with the time allotted next to activity so they can try to make sure they complete
activity in a certain amount of time. I also have a calendar of events in the back of the
room which they are responsible for checking
● . I have assignments where they have to write an informal ema and a formal email to me
on their chromebook.
● I teach Spanish so i use the free website conjuguemos.com which is aligned to my
textbook and has an option for me to create a free teacher profile and assign work and use
their interactive activities by sharing my personal code with my students.
● I use quizlet live and kahoot to reinforce learning and make it fun and interactive for my
students
● How would you implement this research in your career?I would implement this
research in my lesson plans and in my department to make sure that technology is
implemented into lessons and tht students are getting interactive components to aid their
learning.

paragraph)

3. REFERENCES:
 ● Cite at least 5 References in APA.
● You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing your
sources in APA style.

References:

Dumford, A. D., & Miller, A. L. (2018). Online learning in higher education: exploring
advantages and disadvantages for engagement. Journal of Computing in Higher
Education, 30(3), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9179-z

INDREICA, E.-S. (2014). E-Learning Platform: Advantages and Disadvantages on Time

Management. ELearning & Software for Education, 3, 236–243.
https://doi.org/10.12753/2066-026X-14-177

Qiu, M., & McDougall, D. (2013). Foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses: Advantages and
disadvantages of online versus face-to-face subgroup discourse. Computers & Education,
67, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.005

RADOVIĆ-MARKOVIĆ, M. (2010). Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning in

Comparison to Traditional Forms of Learning. Annals of the University of Petrosani
Economics, 10(2), 289–298.

Tahi, R., Bouarab-Dahmani, F., & Bouazid, T. (2014). E-Learning Advantages and
Disadvantages Through an Experimentation. Proceedings of the European Conference on
E-Learning, 520–526.