The Unwanted Effect of Dewatering in

Urban Areas and Its Counter Measures

PROF PAULUS P. RAHARDJO AND ARIS HANDOKO

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK PARAHYANGAN – BANDUNG, INDONESIA
Content of Presentation
1. Purpose of Dewatering
2. Dewatering of Surface Water and Ground Water
3. Case Histories of Surface Water Dewatering Deficiency
4. Case History of Ground Water Dewatering
5. The Unwanted Effect of Dewatering
6. Immediate Countermeasures
7. Long Term Solution
8. Conclusion Summary
1. Purposes of Dewatering
1. Creating Dry Area for Construction Work
2. Reduce water pressure on Retaining Structures
3. Keep the Building from Uplift
4. Slope Protection
5. Avoid bottom upheave (basal heave) in excavation
6. Avoid piping or sand boil in excavation
7. Prevent leakage of groundwater into excavation
Practically all 7 objectives may be achieved by dewatering
2. Dewatering Surface Water
- normally temporary trench and pits needed to collect
water for pumping
- generally due to rain water
- they could be combined with passive dewatering
- may be estimated based on rain intensity and area
- effect to surrounding is not significant when proper
drainage channels are available
Unwanted effect of deficiency dewatering
Case 1 : Leak in underground excavation
Underground excavation : do you want this?
Unwanted effect of insufficient dewatering

Figure from Nghia Trinh, 2012

 Unwanted effect of deficiency in dewatering

Case 2 : Open excavation, no dewatering system

Excavation for large retaining wall,

Sentul West Java
 Unwanted effect of deficiency in dewatering
Case 2:
Open excavation, no dewatering system

Not prepared for rain

Excavation for large retaining wall,

Sentul West Java
 The Unwanted effect of deficiency in dewatering
Case 2:
Open excavation, no dewatering system

Not prepared for rain

Excavation for large retaining wall,

Sentul West Java
The Unwanted effect of deficiency in dewatering
Causing damage and delay

They have got to repair

And restart

Excavation for large retaining wall,

Sentul West Java
The Unwanted effect of deficiency in dewatering

Solution: change the sequence,

Backfill and Retaining Wall constructed
in paralel
Excavation for large retaining wall,Sentul West Java
The unwanted effect of deficiency in dewatering
Case 3 :Failure of Pump plus high Rain Intensity

Dewatering at South Jakarta

Cemented Sand Layer
The Unwanted Effect of Insufficient Dewatering
Case 4 : General Problem of Excavation
in Urban Area with deficiency of
dewatering system
Basic Methods for Solution of Ground water flow into excavation

General Solution
but Suggested Solution
Causing unwanted effect
Pumping Tests and Well Theory
Unconfined Aquifer = Free Well
Pumping Tests and Well Theory

Confined Aquifer
Common Methods of Dewatering
(1) Open sumps and Ditches
(2) Well Points Well Points

(3) Deep Wells

Methods of Dewatering : Deep wells
Deep wells
HOSPITAL
Case 5 : Dewatering in Cemented Sand next to a river

Kali Cideng

MAIN ROAD IN JKT

 Case 5 : Excavation in Cemented Sand next to a river

Looking at the Hospital

Looking at the main road

Case 5 : Excavation in Cemented Sand next to a river
Soil condition : cemented sand, very strong
 Case 5 : Excavation in Cemented Sand next to a river
Problem encountered : water leak due to construction of soil nail
 Case 5 : Excavation in Cemented Sand next to a river
Excavation was continued at contract cost. Dewatering activated
 Case 5 : Excavation in Cemented Sand next to a river
Excavation was continued at contract cost. Dewatering activated
Counter measures : Monitoring by inclunometer and pisometer
PG-03 PG-04
IN-03 PZ-02

PG-05
PG-02
IN-02
PZ-03

IN-04

PZ-01

PZ-04
IN-01
PG-01 PG-06

Legend

IN-05 Inklinometer
PZ-05 PG-07
PG-08
Patok Geser

Piezometer
 Summary on Case 5 : Counter measures
The main risk is excavation next to a river - prepare 2 pumps next to the
river then discharge back to the river

Protection by soil nailing is not feasible due to leak at several points

however based on measurement of movement, nails are not needed

to reduce water pressure, horizontal drains were proposed at L = 6m

diameter of 4”-6” only at selected points

Monitoring of water table and soil movement are

recommended to avoid dispute
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles

Information on excavation :
- Depth : 3 basement  12-14 m
- Protection : Secant Pile w/ anchor
- Dewatering : 5 pumps @ 300 l/min
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles
Soil Investigation for design:
- Number of drilling  4 @ 35-60 m
- 2 layers of sand  upper loose sand,
lower medium to dense sand
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles
Cross section of Protection System
Initial elevation : + 18. 600 m
Final elevation : + 6.600 m
Berm : + 10.00 m
Secant Piles diam 800, c/c 1.2 m
Bentonite 600 mm
Length : 30.5 m
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles
Deep Wells and Monitoring System
Number of Deep Well : 5
Tip elevation : + 6.600 m
Number of Piezometers : 4
Number of Inclinometers : 4
Number of Recharge Well : 4
Area of excavation : 4000 m2
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles
Piezometer 4
Initial elev : - 3.00 m
Final elev : -6.00 m
to -7.0 m
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles

Inclinometer 4
Maximum deflection : 80 mm
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles

LEAKAGE AND SEEPAGE

Ground Settlement
Seepage through secant piles
Seepage through bottom excavation
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles
SEEPAGE ANALYSIS AFTER DEWATERING
HAS BEEN TERMINATED

Critical hydraulic gradient:

ic = (Gs-1) / (1+e)
= (2.65-1) / (1+1.2) = 1.65 / 2.2
= 0.75

iexit = v / k (from back analysis)

= 2 / 10 (m/day)
= 0.2

FK = icr / i exit
= 0.75 / 0.2
= 3.75
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles
Comparison of water elevation in deep well and point outside excavation:

Pumpings were stopped 3 month after pumping

Due to Complaints Were stopped water table
does not move back to ori
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles

Pumping were
terminated
Visual Inspection of the Building Damages
Building no 2

Building no 3
Visual Inspection of the Building Damages
Building no 5

Building no 6
Visual Inspection of the Damaged Building
Building no 9 Wisma Mandiri

Building no 14 Building no 7
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles

Monitoring points outside

The building excavation :
Settlement monitoring at surrounding area
Additional CPTu locations
Results of CPTu-01
Soil Behaviour Type Cone resistance,qc(MPa) Sleeve resistance,fs(MPa) Pore pressure,u2(MPa) Friction ratio,FR(%) Pore pressure ratio,Bq
after Robertson,1986
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
(3) Clays
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 (7) Sand to silty sand 3 3 3 3 3
<- Depth in m to reference level

<- Depth in m to reference level

4 (8) Sand to silty sand 4 4 4 4 4
5 (8) Sand to silty sand 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8
(8) Sand to silty sand 9 9 9 9 9
9 (8) Sand to silty sand
10 (8) Sand to silty sand
10 10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11 11 11
(8) Sand to silty sand
12 12 12 12 12 12
13 (8) Sand to silty sand 13 13 13 13 13
(8) Sand to silty sand
14 14 14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15 15 15
16 (5) Clayey silt to silty clay 16 16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19 19 19
(6) Sandy silt to clayey silt 20 20 20 20 20
20
21 21 21 21 21 21
22 (8) Sand to silty sand
22 22 22 22 22
23 23 23 23 23 23
24 24 24 24 24 24
25 25 25 25 25 25
26 26 26 26 26 26
27 27 27 27 27 27
28 28 28 28 28 28
29 29 29 29 29 29
30 30 30 30 30 30

Test according ASTM D 5778 - 95 (Reapproved 2000) Task :

G. L : W. L : 1.5 m Pre Drill : 0m CPTU-01
Project : JAKARTA BOX TOWER Cone no. : C10CFIIP.C12347 Date : June 30, 2014
Location : Gedung Dana Reksa - Mercure Hotel CPT no. : 01 (Gdg.Dana Reksa) Operator : AS/GP
 Results of CPTu-02
Soil Behaviour Type Cone resistance,qc(MPa) Sleeve resistance,fs(MPa) Pore pressure,u2(MPa) Friction ratio,FR(%) Pore pressure ratio,Bq
after Robertson,1986
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 (3) Clays 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 (3) Clays 3 3 3 3 3
<- Depth in m to reference level

<- Depth in m to reference level

4 (3) Clays 4 4 4 4 4
(3) Clays
5 5 5 5 5 5
(3) Clays
6 6 6 6 6 6
(3) Clays
7 (3) Clays
7 7 7 7 7
8 (3) Clays
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10 10
(4) Silty clay to clay
11 (3) Clays
11 11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13 13 13
14 (3) Clays
14 14 14 14 14
(3) Clays
15 15 15 15 15 15
(3) Clays
16 16 16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19 19 19
(3) Clays
20 20 20 20 20 20
21 21 21 21 21 21
22 22 22 22 22 22
23 (3) Clays 23 23 23 23 23
24 24 24 24 24 24
25 25 25 25 25 25
26 26 26 26 26 26
27 27 27 27 27 27
28 28 28 28 28 28
29 29 29 29 29 29
30 30 30 30 30 30

Test according ASTM D 5778 - 95 (Reapproved 2000) Task :

G. L : W. L : 2.7 m Pre Drill : 0m CPTU-02
Project : Jakarta Box Tower Cone no. : C10CFIIP.C12347 Date : July 1, 2014
 CPTu-03
Soil Behaviour Type Cone resistance,qc(MPa) Sleeve resistance,fs(MPa) Pore pressure,u2(MPa) Friction ratio,FR(%) Pore pressure ratio,Bq
after Robertson,1986
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
(3) Clays
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
<- Depth in m to reference level

4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5
6 (7) Sand to silty sand 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8
(3) Clays 9 9 9 9 9
9
10 10 10 10 10 10
(3) Clays
11 11 11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15 15 15
16 16 16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18 18 18
19 (8) Sand to silty sand 19 19 19 19 19
20 20 20 20 20 20
21 21 21 21 21 21
22 22 22 22 22 22
23 23 23 23 23 23
24 24 24 24 24 24
25 25 25 25 25 25
26 26 26 26 26 26
27 27 27 27 27 27
28 28 28 28 28 28
29 29 29 29 29 29
30 30 30 30 30 30

Test according ASTM D 5778 - 95 (Reapproved 2000) Task :

G. L : W. L : 2m Pre Drill : 0m CPTU-03
Project : Jakarta Box Tower Cone no. : C10CFIIP.C12347 Date : July 1, 2014
Location : JL. Kebon Sirih - Jakarta CPT no. : 03 (Kem. BUMN) Operator : GP/AS
CPTu-04
Soil Behaviour Type Cone resistance,qc(MPa) Sleeve resistance,fs(MPa) Pore pressure,u2(MPa) Friction ratio,FR(%) Pore pressure ratio,Bq
after Robertson,1986
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
(3) Clays
3 3 3 3 3 3
<- Depth in m to reference level

4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5
(7) Sand to silty sand
6 6 6 6 6 6
(7) Sand to silty sand
7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8
(8) Sand to silty sand
9 9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10 10
(7) Sand to silty sand
11 11 11 11 11 11
12 (7) Sand to silty sand 12 12 12 12 12
(7) Sand to silty sand
13 13 13 13 13 13
(5) Clayey silt to silty clay
14 14 14 14 14 14
(5) Clayey silt to silty clay
15 15 15 15 15 15
(3) Clays
16 16 16 16 16 16
17 (5) Clayey silt to silty clay 17 17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18 18 18
(5) Clayey silt to silty clay
19 19 19 19 19 19
(5) Clayey silt to silty clay
20 20 20 20 20 20
21 21 21 21 21 21
22 (6) Sandy silt to clayey silt 22 22 22 22 22
23 23 23 23 23 23
24 24 24 24 24 24
25 25 25 25 25 25
26 26 26 26 26 26
(6) Sandy silt to clayey silt
27 27 27 27 27 27
28 28 28 28 28 28
29 29 29 29 29 29
30 30 30 30 30 30

Test according ASTM D 5778 - 95 (Reapproved 2000) Task :

G. L : W. L : 2.5 m Pre Drill : 0m CPTU-04
Project : Jakarta Box Tower Cone no. : C10CFIIP.C12347 Date : July 2, 2014
Location : JL. Kebon Sirih - Jakarta CPT no. : 04 (Gedung ESDM) Operator : AS/GP
CPTu-05
Soil Behaviour Type Cone resistance,qc(MPa) Sleeve resistance,fs(MPa) Pore pressure,u2(MPa) Friction ratio,FR(%) Pore pressure ratio,Bq
after Robertson,1986
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
(2) Organic soils-peats
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
<- Depth in m to reference level

4 4 4 4 4 4
(3) Clays
5 5 5 5 5 5
(3) Clays
6 (3) Clays 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7
8 (4) Silty clay to clay 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13 13 13
(3) Clays
14 14 14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15 15 15
16 16 16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17 17 17
18 (5) Clayey silt to silty clay 18 18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19 19 19
20 20 20 20 20 20
21 21 21 21 21 21
22 (3) Clays 22 22 22 22 22
23 23 23 23 23 23
24 24 24 24 24 24
25 25 25 25 25 25
26 26 26 26 26 26
27 27 27 27 27 27
28 28 28 28 28 28
29 29 29 29 29 29
30 30 30 30 30 30

Test according ASTM D 5778 - 95 (Reapproved 2000) Task :

G. L : W. L : 2m Pre Drill : 0m CPTU-05
Project : Jakarta Box Tower Cone no. : C10CFIIP.C12347 Date : July 2, 2014
Prediction of sub soil domination
Drawdown Analysis due to
Dewatering
Parameter:
Ro = 132 m
5 pumps
back analysis to reach
drawdown as shown by
piezometers
Settlement Analysis based on drawdown and CPTu

Drawdown 1 m

Drawdown 2 m
Summary of Settlement Analysis Results
The unwanted effect of dewatering and its counter measures
Case 6 : Excavation in loose sand with protection secant piles
COUNTER MEASURES
EMERGENCY :
- Most important is to stop leakage and reduce
seepage (done by installation of sheetpile and grout)
- Backfill by compacted selected soils
- Continuously monitoring ground water level and settlement
LONG TERM AND FINAL SOLUTION
- redesign into 2 level basement instead of 3 level
- abandoned bored piles  driven piles
Countermeasure using sheet piles and grouting

Grouting

Sheetpile

4.5 m

7.5 m
Change the bored piles into driven piles
Other issues to resolve : liquefaction potential
CPTu result before and after piling

CPTu-01 CPTu-02
Other issues : Liquefaction Potential
CPTu results before and after piling

CPTu-07
CPTu-06

CPTu-05
 LOKASI AREA JAKARTA PUSAT

Outline
LOKASI AREA
REVITALISASI TIM

PARAMETER TANAH
Gedung

ANALIS DENGAN Perpustakaan & Hotel Mesjid

PARAMETER GEC Area Taman

Ismail Marzuki

ANALISIS DENGAN
PARAMETER WSP (PAK Gedung
WAYAN) Parkir
• Video Pengambilan Data N-SPT pada Proyek TIM
• Catatan Nilai N-SPT & Contoh Sampel Tanah pada Proyek TIM
• Menteng Park
Galian di daerah Menteng jakarta
 REVIEW GALIAN (PODIUM – MAT FOUNDATION)
Dikarenakan terjadinya penurunan pada area sekitar, maka dilakukan analisis evaluasi
dampak dari galian yang telah dilakukan terhadap lingkungan sekitar.
Outline Analisis dilakukan pada area potongan A-A.
PENDAHULUAN
Secant Pile SC-3
KONDISI GEOLOGI Ø880

UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH GF

El = - 1.45 m
TERDAHULU 17.61 m El GWL Silty Clay NSPT = 4
(Soft)
= - 2.5 m Basement 1
16.85 m 4.2 m El = - 4.65 m
UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH Basement 2
Area Analisis Silty Clay
TAMBAHAN Khong Area Mat (Very Soft)
El = - 7.8 m
(Potongan A-A) Basement 3
Guan Foundation NSPT = 1 El : - 11.85 m El = - 10.95 m
LAYOUT SECANT PILE Area L = 27.05 m
Mat Foundation
Podium El = - 13.45 m
REVIEW DATA Mat Foundation

MONITORING TERDAHULU Silty Clay

22.16 m NSPT = 10
(Medium)
REVIEW DATA Silty Clay
NSPT = 20
MONITORING TAMBAHAN (Stiff)

Hotel Silty Sand

ANALISIS GEOTEKNIK Ibis (Dense)
NSPT = 50

Arcadia
KESIMPULAN Potongan A-A
 REVIEW DATA MONITORING (EKSTENSOMETER TAMBAHAN)
Pada titik EX-02 terjadi heaving sebesar 31.5 mm pada SP-01 dengan initial depth – 6 m dan di SP-02
sebesar 14 mm dengan initial depth – 19 m.
Sketch No.
EX-01 EX-02
Outline of
Extensometer
Extensometer
Position
Component
[Depth, m]
PENDAHULUAN
Inclinometer Reading (IN-02) SPIDER
 KONDISI GEOLOGI MAGNETIC 6 6
INCLINOMETER IN-02 SP-01
A-A
A- A Cumulative Displacement (mm)
UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 SPIDER
TERDAHULU 0 El : -1.45 m MAGNETIC 11 19
Silty Clay (Soft) SC-1 SP-02
(Ø 880)
UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH 5
TAMBAHAN
10 DATUM MAGNETIC 34.6 34.5
Silty Clay El = -11.85 m Not to scale
LAYOUT SECANT PILE (Very Soft) EX-02
15
Extensometer EX-02
REVIEW DATA L = 27.05 m
Depth (m)

20 SP-01 Spider 1 Spider 2

MONITORING TERDAHULU
40
Silty Clay 25 26 28 28.5 31.5
REVIEW DATA (Medium) El : -28.5 m 20
16
20 20
11.5 12.5 11

Change (mm)
MONITORING TAMBAHAN 30
0
8 10 9 14

Silty Clay SP-02 0

ANALISIS GEOTEKNIK (Stiff) 35
-20
40
KESIMPULAN Silty Sand
(Dense) -40
45 DATUM 15-Dec-18 22-Dec-18 29-Dec-18 5-Jan-19 12-Jan-19 19-Jan-19
Date
 PENDAHULUAN
Proyek Apartemen Pakubuwono Menteng
- Berlokasi di Jln. KH. Wahid Hasyim, Kebon Sirih, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat
Outline - Dilakukan penggalian 3 lantai basement dengan metode top-down
PENDAHULUAN - 3 lantai basement masing-masing berada pada elevasi 4.65 m, 7.8 m, dan 10.95 m.
Pada area antara podium dan mat foundation dilakukan galian hingga elevasi 13.45 m untuk area pengecoran mat
KONDISI GEOLOGI
foundation.
UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH - Lokasi galian dilakukan di daerah yang cukup padat dan pada daerah tanah yang lunak
TERDAHULU - Terdapat laporan & komplain terkait penurunan tanah di sekitar area galian sehingga menyebabkan retakan pada
UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH beberapa bagian khususnya dari bangunan Khong Guan dan Hotel Ibis Arcadia
Secant Pile SC-3
TAMBAHAN Ø880

LAYOUT SECANT PILE GF

Silty Clay NSPT = 4 El = - 1.45 m
El GWL
(Soft) Basement 1
REVIEW DATA = - 2.5 m
El = - 4.65 m
MONITORING TERDAHULU Silty Clay
Basement 2
El = - 7.8 m
(Very Soft)
Basement 3
REVIEW DATA NSPT = 1 El : - 11.85 m El = - 10.95 m
L = 27.05 m
MONITORING TAMBAHAN Mat Foundation
El = - 13.45 m
Mat Foundation
ANALISIS GEOTEKNIK
Silty Clay
NSPT = 10
(Medium)
KESIMPULAN
Silty Clay
(Stiff) NSPT = 20

Silty Sand
NSPT = 50
(Dense)
 PENDAHULUAN

Outline
PENDAHULUAN

KONDISI GEOLOGI

UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH

TERDAHULU

UJI PENYELIDIKAN TANAH Kerusakan di Bangunan Hotel Ibis Arcadia

TAMBAHAN

LAYOUT SECANT PILE

REVIEW DATA
MONITORING TERDAHULU

REVIEW DATA
MONITORING TAMBAHAN

ANALISIS GEOTEKNIK

KESIMPULAN

Kerusakan di Bangunan Khong Guan Kondisi Tanah pada Area Galian

 • Apartemen di daerah Menteng
Secant Pile SC-3 Inclinometer Reading (IN-01)
Ø880 INCLINOMETER IN-01 A-A Cumulative Displacement (mm)
A-A
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
GF 0
Silty Clay NSPT = 4 El = - 1.45 m Silty Clay (Soft) El : -1.45 m
El GWL SC-3
= - 2.5 m (Soft) Basement 1 5
El = - 4.65 m
(Ø 880)
Basement 2 10
Silty Clay El = -11.85 m
El = - 7.8 m Silty Clay
(Very Soft) (Very Soft)
Basement 3 15
NSPT = 1 El : - 11.85 m El = - 10.95 m
L = 27.05 m

Depth (m)
Mat Foundation 20 L = 27.05 m
El = - 13.45 m
Mat Foundation
Silty Clay
25
Silty Clay (Medium) El : -28.5 m
NSPT = 10 30
(Medium)
Silty Clay
Silty Clay (Stiff) 35
(Stiff) NSPT = 20

40
Silty Sand Silty Sand
NSPT = 50
(Dense) (Dense)
45
 Sketch No.
• Apartemen di daerah Menteng of
Extensometer
Extensometer
EX-01 EX-02

Position
Component
[Depth, m]

Inclinometer Reading (IN-01)

SPIDER
INCLINOMETER IN-01 MAGNETIC 6 6
A-A Cumulative Displacement (mm) SP-01
A-A
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
0 SPIDER
Silty Clay (Soft) El : -1.45 m SC-3 11 19
MAGNETIC
5 (Ø 880) SP-02

10
Silty Clay El = -11.85 m DATUM MAGNETIC 34.6 34.5
(Very Soft) Not to scale
15 EX-01
Depth (m)

20 SP-01 L = 27.05 m Extensometer EX-01

Spider 1 Spider 2
Silty Clay
25 SP-02
(Medium) El : -28.5 m 20
30 10 10
10 6.5 5.5 5.5
Silty Clay

Change (mm)
3.5 2.5
(Stiff) 35
0
0 5 4
40 1 1
-0.5 -1
Silty Sand -3
-10
(Dense)
45 DATUM
-20
15-Dec-18 22-Dec-18 29-Dec-18 5-Jan-19 12-Jan-19 19-Jan-19
Date
 Conclusion Summary
Dewatering and Dewatering Deficiency may cause unwanted
effect that can cause failures, delay and economical loss

Technology are available to deal with the unwanted effect,

however it is better to anticipate the effects due to costly
solution

Dewatering should be designed for both, surface water

caused by rain intensity as well as due to ground water flow
Thank you for your kind attention !