* THE *

GRASSHOPPER TRIBE
PHAEOPARIINI
. (ACRIDOIDEA: ROMALEIDAE)

CARLOS S. CARBONELL

* *
 .,,,.

1' .• ~···. ,; .. {
;I \'

Publications on Orthopteran Diversity

The Grasshopper Tribe

·:.'.- Phaeopariini
(Acridoidea: Romaleidae)
CARLOS S. CARBONELL

'.-.

Published by
1
THE 0RTHOPTERISTS SOCIETY
.. !'
at
The Academy of Natural Sciences
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Department of Entomology, Academy of Natural Sciences
1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 USA

'"
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
2
Contents
Acknowledgments I 4
Abstract I 5
Introduction I 5
Definition of the tribe I 5
Name of the tribe I 6
Composition of the tribe I 6
Index to generic and specific names I 7
Characters in the taxonomy of Phaeopariini I 8
Distribution and Biogeography I 11
Phylogeny I 11
Materials and Methods I 12
Repositories I 13
Taxonomy of the Tribe I 15
Key to the genera of Phaeopariini I 15
Reduced figures I 16, 17
Genus EPIPRORA Gerstaecker I 20
Epiprora hilaris Gerstaecker I 20
Genus ALBINELLA n. gen. I 21
Albinella pulchra n. sp. I 22
Note on the genera Epiprora and Albinella I 23
Genus ABILA Stal I 23
Key to species of Abila (Males) I 24
Latipes Species Group I 24
Abila latipes Stal I 24
Abila christianeae n. sp. I 26
Bolivari Species Group I 27
Abila bolivari Giglio Tos I 27
Abila descampsi n. sp. I 29
Abila (?) collaris Bruner I 30
·. Genus ROWELLIA n. gen. I 30
Rowellia costaricensis n. sp. I 31
Genus PHAEOPARIA Stal 1873 I 32
Note on the taxonomy of this genus I 32
Key to Phaeoparia (Males) I 34
Lineaalba Species Group I 35
'ii.
Phaeoparia lineaalba lineaalba (Linnaeus) I 36
PUBUCATIONS ON 0RTHOPTERAN DIVERSITY
Phaeoparia lineaalba deceptrix n. ssp. I 38
Phaeoparia lineaalba deludens n. ssp. I 39
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOPARIINI (AcRIDOIDEA: RoMALEIDAE) Phaeoparia aequatorialis (Giglio Tos) I 40
Phaeoparia tingomariae n. sp. I 41
Phaeoparia rondoni n. sp. I 41
Co yright by The Orthopterists' Society
Phaeoparia depressicornis (Bruner) I 43
p 1 . art by any means without permission from the Phrygana Species Group I 44
This publication may not be reproduced .inf who;. or ~Jte to· The Orthopterists' Society, Department of. Phaeoparia phrygana Jago I 44
Orthopterists' Society or the author. ~or m o~~~ ~;n1·amin F~anklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Amblyceps Species Group I 45
Entomo1ogy, A cademy of Natural Sciences, Phaeoparia amblyceps Hebard I 45
19103 u .S.A. Phaeoparia carrascoi n. sp. I 47
Megacephala Species Group I 48
ISBN 1-929014-04-X Phaeoparia megacephala (Brunner v. W.) I 48
Phaeoparia bicolor (Hebard) I 50
Published March 2002 Phaeoparia monnei n. sp. I 51
3
Genus MACULIPARIA Jago I 53
Distribution of the Genus I 53
Key to species of Maculiparia (Males) I 53
Annulicornis Species Group I 55
Biogeographical notes on this group I 55
Maculiparia annulicornis (Stal) I 56
Maculiparia r. rotundata (Stal) I 58
Maculiparia r. carrikeri (Hebard) I 59
Curtipennis Species Group I 61
Macu/iparia curtipennis (Scudder) I 61
Maculiparia obtusa obtusa (Stal) I 63
Maculiparia o. solimoensis n. ssp. I 65
Intermediates between subspecies I 66
Maculiparia emarginata (Stal) I 66
Maculiparia cerdai n. sp. / 69
Maculiparia ariariensis n. sp. I 69
Macu/iparia terramar n. sp. I 71
Alejomesai Species Group I 72
Macu/iparia alejomesai n. sp. I 72
Immaculata species group I 74
Maculiparia immaculata (Bruner) I 74
Maculiparia havilandae (Uvarov) I 75
Maculiparia hui/ensis n. sp. I 77
Guyanensis Species Group I 78
Maculiparia guyanensis n. sp. I 78
Genus ARISTIA Stal I 80
Aristia mordax (Stal) I 80
Genus PSEUDARISTIA n. gen. I 82
Pseudaristia oxycodia (Hebard) I 82
Genus TEPUIACRIS n. gen. I 83
Tepuiacris duidae n. sp. I 83
Genus STORNOPHILACRIS Amedegnato &
Descamps I 85
Key to species of Stornophilacris I 85
Stornophilacris seabrai Amedegnato &
Descamps I 87
Stornophilacris bahiensis Amedegnato &
Descamps I 88
Stornophilacris poulaini n. sp. I 88
Genus GRACILIPARIA Amedegnato & Poulain I
89
Graciliparia shuara shuara Amedegnato &
Poulain I 90
Graciliparia shuara cutucu n. ssp. I 91
References I 91
Appendix I, coordinates of localities I 128
Appendix II, tables of measurements I 132
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL
4 5

The Grasshopper Tribe Phaeopariini

Acknowledgments (Acridoidea: Romaleidae)
. made in the "Museu Nacional" of Rio de
Mos: of the work related to thisf~~~~r:z:~ian National Research Council (Conselho
Janeiro, as a Research F~llow o . tifico e Tecnol6 ico). It gave me a place to work
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cie~ h" h I will b~ always grateful. The last stages ABSTRACT
in tin:es dark for my own cou~~~~ ~~; ,,i~acultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
of this work have been ma . f th PEDECIBA ("Programa para el The tribe Phaeopariini of the Romaleinae (Acridoidea, Romaleidae) is defined in this work on
'bl" u ay" under the auspices o e . d
Repu ica, rugu . . B, . ") In the unduly long process of the men hone the basis of the study of all its known species. All the previously known genera and species are
desarrollo de las Ciencias asicas . th I n remember but among these I revised and redescribed. Four new genera, 15 new species and 6 new subspecies are described,
b h 1 d by more persons an ca '
work, I have een e pe . h f ll . In the first place I am grateful to the and 7 new specific synonymies are established. Some of the already known genera are
do remember, I want to mention t . e ~ o~ing. ioned in the list of "Repositories" redefined. The habitus of most species and taxonomically important details, including their
authorities and personnel of all the ~nsht~h~ns ~ent nd their help for consulting their phallic complexes are illustrated. Distribution maps and tables of measurements are given. The
at the beginning of this text, for their aut onza wn a d . Among them and
tribe as presently understood includes 11genera,37 species and 5 subspecies (exclusive of the
collections and in many cases f~r the~oan_ of :~p~i~~~ t~~~~n;~~~ntion particu'larly nominate ones).
also in cir~umstances unrelate :o ~a::e ~::: :ery i~portant. In alphabetical order:
the following persons whose he _P I J Cantrall C.A.Campos-Seabra, F.Carrasco-Z, INTRODUCTION
C.Ame~egnato, D.Azuma, M.Bei~K.Giinther, A.B.Gurney, T.H.Hubbell, N.D.Jago, into the lateral lobes. When present, lateral
F.Cerda, T.J.Cohn, M.?escamps, .A. acino DA Nickle, L.D.Otero, P.1.Persson, carinae are represented by an angular flexion
if
A.Mesa, M.A.Monne, E.Morale:- A Ro~de~o~ O.Roppa, and M.J.Souza-Lopes.
Definition of the tribe.-Phaeopariini is a into the lateral lobes, never by definite ridge-
of sp~cimens from the collection of the
very distinctive tribe of the Romaleinae. Its like structures as in other romaleines. Trans-
S.Poulain, D.R.Ragge, H.R.Rofbelrf s, th. 1.
D D . 1 Otte I am grate u or e oan . . f members are characterized by the lack of the verse sulci always intersect the midline of
To r. ame . f Ph"l delphia for his careful revision and editing o tegmino-alar stridulatory mechanism found
Academy ~f ~atura.l Sciences_o t~aat needed correction, and for his mending of my pronotum, and are not cut or interrupted.
my MS, pm_nting t~.i~pe~fe~h~~s English language (I am responsible for lesser ones
in other romaleines, by a general tendency to Prozona in almost all species longer than
reduce or to lose the external apical spine of
most notonou~ de ioencies i~ ~Crosa I am grateful for the analysis of feces a~d gut metazona. Legs are not particularly strong or
that may remain). To G. ~a~in;z f Oscar Briceno Amarillo of Colombia, for his help
the hind tibiae, and for a prevalence of gramini- robust, except for hind femora in some spe-
vorous habits (Amedegnato and Poulain 1994:
contents of several Sf~oes. ~ ro . r In the home front I also must acknowledge cies. Hind femora has the median dorsal cari-
~n reference t~ locahh_e~lof ~:r~~;~~e~~st stages of the preparation of this _Paper. To
17; C.H.F. Rowell 1987: 478 and pers. comm.; nae always serrulated to some extent, some-
this paper). Their general aspect and colora-
important he. p, especia ,!' . . " ort her atience and understanding of my
tion are characteristic in most cases. They are
times with teeth set close together and rather
my wife Albina for her logistic supp d, PR d . and Pablo for their help in large and strong; but they may be small and
L · c 1 nd my gran sons o ngo usually small to medium-sized grasshoppers-
work; to my son ms ar ~s a .t had the most unexpected reactions to my unskilled farther a part. Other carinae on the hind femora
the very large forms present in other Romaleine may be also serrulated to some extent, par-
the use of my computer w _en i eo le who surely deserve my gratitude in
manipulations. My apologies to other p p have been involuntarily omitted from groups have not been found among them. ticularly the external dorsal one. Tegmina and
relation to this work, but whose names may Their species are for the most part dull-col- wings may be fully developed; when abbrevi-
this list. ored, usually in different shades of brown. A ated they rarely surpass the posterior edge of
few show some green or yellow, but none the first abdominal segment. Abdominal seg-
have the bright colors seen in species of other ments have their tergites tectate, with a sharp
groups of the Romaleinae. The head varies carina running along the entire abdominal
from blunt and almost devoid of a fastigium, dorsum in all species. Abdominal terminalia
to possessing a discrete one. Antennae vary in males always specifically distinct. Oviposi-
from filiform to slightly or definitely ensi- tor of the soil-laying type; only one species is
form. Pronotum usually with weakly marked known with a modified ovipositor. Another
median carina, frequently interrupted, some- characteristic of the phaeopariines is that their
times absent. Lateral carinae generally absent; phallic complex is species specific. In many
in most species pronotal disk curves roundly romaleines the phallic complex is very uni-
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
7
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
6 to the ones in the text Th . Maculiparia obtusa solimoensis
note; Amedegnato 1974: 17) has been employed face are valid ones All othe names set m bold- Maculipa · n. ssp. - 28b
. er names are ju · - 26a na rotunda ta rotunda ta (Stal 1878) (Plzaeoparza)
.
form and does not show clear specific differ- for more than thirty years. It seems preferable, synonyms or invalid by other mor
ences, but in the phaeopariines the phallic for the sake of the stability of the nomencla- neric n · reasons. Ge- Maculiparia rotundata carrikeri (Heb
h. h ahmes m parenthesis are those under (Phaeoparia) _ 26b ard 1923), n. status
complex is always useful for the separation of ture, to maintain Phaeopariini as a tribal name w IC t e correspondin . = ~lzaeo?aria gracilis Hebard 1924 n
and consider the older collective name Abilae scribed · f d ·ff g species were de-
species. , I I erent from the ones now in use. Macuhpana terramar n.sp. - 32 ' . syn.
While many phaeopariine species are long- as a nomen oblitum.
winged and readily fly, more than 50% of the Composition of the tribe.-The genera recog- ABILA Stal 1878 _ 5 PHAEOPARIA Stal 1873 -12
species are brevialate or brachypterous. Spe- nized at present as belonging to this tribe are .= Homalosaparus Rehn 1908 Phaeoparia
14 aeq ua t ona . (Giglio Tos 1898) (S aparus) -
· 1is
cies with both long and short-winged forms, as follows: Phaeoparia Stal 1873; Aristia Stal Abila bolivari Giglio Tos 1900 - 8
common among other acridomorph families, = Homalosaparus canonicus Rehn 1908 Phaeoparia amblyceps Hebard 1923 -19
1876 (synonymized by Jago, 1980: 218 with - Hamal , n. syn Phaeoparia bicolor (Hebard 1923) (A . ·t. )
seem to be absent in this tribe. In some long- .- osaparus sordidatus Rehn 1909 . Pha · b I rzs za - 22
Phaeoparia, but a valid genus in my opinion); Abila christianeae n. sp. _ 7 ' n. syn. . eoparza o iviana Bruner 1919 (syn. of Phaeoparia
winged species the males have somewhat lineaalba)
Abila Stal 1878; Epiprora Gerstaecker 1889; Abzla collaris Bruner 1908 (n .
shorter tegmina and wings than the females, Proctolabinae) ow Adelotettzx, Acrid.,
Stornophilacris Amedegnato and Descamps Phaeoparia carrascoi n. sp. - 20
but they are equally capable of flight. Among 1978; Maculiparia Jago 1980 and Graciliparia Ab'.la descampsi n. sp. _ 9 Phaeoparia depressicornis (Bruner 1908) . .
Phaeoparia lineaalb a l"meaa 1ba (Lmnaeu
. (Arzstza)
1764) ( - 17
the phaeopariines examined for this study, the Amedegnato and Poulain 1994. Besides these Abila latipes Stal 1878 - 6
Locusta) _ 13a s Gryllus
short- and the long-winged forms consistently Abila smaragdipes Bruner 1911 (syn. of Epiprora hilaris)
genera, the following new ones are erected in : Truxalis sanguineus Thunberg 1815
represent different species. Also there are no this paper: Albinella, Pseudaristia, Rowellia and ALBINELLA nov. _ 3 =Xzphocera aurorzpennis Burmeister 1838
cases in this tribe in which one of the sexes Albinella pulchra n. sp. - 4 - Opomala castanea Brunner v · W a tt enwy 1 1861, n.
Tepuiacris. syn.
(usually the females) has short wings and is In 1905 (p. 433) Rehn erected the genus
flightless, while the other has well developed A~IS.TIA Stal 1876, genus restored - 38 = Phaeoparia boliviana Bruner 1919
Syletria (for his new species 5. angulata, la-
Ansha mordax (Stal 1876) ' com b . restored - Phaeopar'.a lineaalba deceptrix n. ss' n~~~b
Phaeopar~a
wings and flies-such a pattern occurs among 39
beled as from Costa Rica), which he consid- lineaalba deludens n. ss p. - 13
other romaleine tribes. Other features peculiar ered "allied to the genus Saparus Giglio Tos" Phaeopana megacephal (B p. c
EP~PRORA Gerstaecker 1889 - 1 (Pezotettix) _ 21 a runner v. Wattenwyl 1861)
to this tribe are mentioned below, in the sec- (later synonymized with Phaeoparia). Syletria Ep1prora hilaris Gerstaecker 1889 - 2
tion dealing with taxonomic characters. was tentatively placed in the Phaeopariini by = Abzla smaragdipes Bruner 1911 , n. syn. Phaeoparia monnei n. sp. - 23
During my lengthy revision of this tribe I Phaeoparia phrygana Jago 1980 - 18
Amedegnato (1974: 9). Examining a copy of Phaeoparia rondoni n. sp. - 16
have examined all existing types and have GRACILIPARIA
Graci!" . h Amed egnato and Poulain 1994 - 48
Kirby's catalogue of Orthoptera that had been Phaeoparia tingomariae n. sp. - 15
borrowed many unidentified specimens from 1994 - 49a uara sh uara A medegnato and Poulain
1pana s
the property of Morgan Hebard, I found in it a
different museums. This enables me to present manuscript note in Hebard's handwriting to Graciliparia shuara cutucu n. ssp. - 49b PSEUDARISTIA nov. - 40
a more thorough study than any published the effect that the type of Syletria angulata was ~enu~ Homalosaparus Rehn 1908 (syn. of Abila) Pseudaristia
- 41 oxycodia (Hebard 1923) 'n. comb. (Arzstza)
. .
previously. However, the peculiar taxonomic a mislabeled specimen of a species of Coptacra oma osaparus canonicus Rehn 1908 (
bolivari)
f .
syn. o Abzla
characteristics of the many new members of (Oriental Region). Later I had photographs of ROWELLIA nov. _ 10
Homalosaparus sordidatus Rehn 1909 ( f .
this group have made it more difficult to sepa- that type compared with specimens of Coptacra bolzvari) syn. o Abzla Rowellia costaricensis n. sp. - 11
rate the species into definite genera or to ar- in the London Museum, by Dr. N. D. Jago, who SAPARUS Giglio Tos 1898 (syn. of Phaeo aria
rive at a general understanding of its tax- kindly informed me that it was certainly a MACULIPARIA Jago 1980- 24 Saparus aequatorialis Giglio Tos 1898 p(Ph ) .
aequatorialis) aeoparza
member of that genus, probably belonging to Maculiparia alejomesai n. sp - 33
onomy. Ma cu I"ipana
· annulicornis (Stal 1873) (Ph . - 25
Name of the tribe.-Stal first recognized the the species C. tonkinensis Willemse. This al- = Pha · . aeoparza)
STORNOPHILACRIS A medegnato and Descamps 1978
. eoparza maculzpennis (Stal 1878) - 44
relationship of the genera Abila, Aristia and lows me to establish the following synonymy: Macul~par'.a ariariensis n. sp. - 31 n. syn.
Phaeoparia in his Systema Acridiodeorum (1878: Syletria Rehn 1905 = Coptacra Stal 1873 n. syn. Macuhpana cerdai n. sp. _ 30 Stornophilacris
1978 - 46 bahiensis Am e d egnato and Descamps
20), where he grouped them in his "Divisio Rehn's genus Syletria is thus eliminated from Maculiparia
27 cur t"ipenms. (Scudder 1875) (Ph aeoparza)
. -
Quinta" of the "Fam. Acridiodea" (sic). The Stornophilacris poulaini n. sp. - 47
the tribe. Maculiparia emarginata (Stal 1878) (Ph .) Stornophilacris
- 45 seabrai A me d egnatoand Descamps 1978
oldest name applied to that ensemble of gen- Macul'.paria guyanensis n. sp. - 37 aeoparza - 29
era was Abilae (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893: Index to generic and specific names TEPUIACRIS nov. _ 42
Macuhparia havilandae (Uv
138). The name Phaeopariae was used for the Maculiparia hu1"l . arov 1925) (Phaeoparia)-35
. ens1s n. sp. _ 36 Tepuiacris duidae n. sp. _ 43
same group of genera by Giglio-Tos in 1898: Macuhparia immaculata (B
In this list genera and species are in alpha- Maculiparia obt . b runer 1908) (Phaeoparia)-34
46. However, the group-name Abilae was not 28a usa o tusa (Stal 1878) (Phaeoparia) -
used again after 1893, nor has the tribal name betical order. Since another order, which I
Abilini ever been applied to this group. On the think more in accord with the taxonomy of the
group has been used in the text that follows,
other hand, Phaeopariae as a group name was
used by Hebard (1923: 256, 1924a: 128, 1924b: the numbers that follow the names of genera
186), and Phaeopariini (Eades 1961: 158 foot- and species in this list are those corresponding
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL 9
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
8
living in poorly lighted environments such as the midline
medi . ·. A pronotum with . a straight or phaeopariines to the .
rather than th,. pomt that their absence
CHARACTERS USED IN THE forests. Among these are members of the gen- . ally mc1sed posterior margin in acridoids
able taxonom7cir phresence may prove a valu-
TAXONOMY OF THE PHAEOP ARIINI era Locheuma, Aptoceras, Sciaphilacris, Ateliacris, l~ usually related to a brachypterous condi- e aracter I ha
~~~n~ bu~m the i:'haeopariines, in some cases at similar structu . · ve not seen a
Tingomariacris and Episomacris (Acrididae, re m other Neat . 1
Examination of the literature related to the spe- Ommatolampinae), Coscineuta (Acrididae, s ,1 s art-winged species h ave k ept an acridoids. Other useful fe a t ures of the rop1ca
· teg
cies of this tribe, together with the present Proctolabinae), Trybliophorus (Romaleidae, angu at~d posterior pronotal edge. mma are the dark maculation . -
study of its members, show that the following Romaleinae) and Peruvia (Acrididae, th T:gmz~a (Figs. 39-43). Several features of ~~ferent parts of their surfac:s~~:~~;9c~r~~
characters, in various combinations, may be Gomphocerinae); the last showing this modi- e egmn~a are useful as taxonomic charac- e~e dark maculations are more , .
ters, especially their shape and their . . and mtense in the females ' and in . manyfrequent
relation to that of the body It h bs1ze w1~h
used to characterize genera and species: fication in the labial pal pi. It must be useful for case
Shape and size of fastigium and profile of the signaling in courtship, and the pairing of sexes 1 d h · · as een said may occur only in them, while them 1 f hs
fastigium-frons union (Figs. 44-54, A, B). belonging to the same species in poorly lighted a rea y t at m this tribe, full-winged and b same s · a es o t e
p~c1es may have practically immacu-
Whether the fastigium is prolonged horizon- environments. It is hence an ecological sec- ~ypterous ~ndividuals always represent~~~ la~ t~gmma. In species like Phaeoparia lineaalba
tally in front of the eyes and forming a more or ondary character. That of course does not in- erent species. In the short-win ed s . w ic 1usually have immaculate or very weakly'
whether the t . g pec1es,
less acute angle with the frons; or prominent validate its taxonomic value, especially for la . . egmma are contiguous or over- macu ate tegm·n ·
i a, specimens with markedl
and roundly united to the frons, or barely species identification. ppmg medially, or more or less widely sepa- maculated tegmina can be f
th oun d · S ome of y
surpassing the anterior margin of the eyes as Antennae: several types are found. The most rated from e.ach other are useful taxonomic ese maculations are small and do t
seen from the side, have been used as taxo- common are the filiform and the ensiform characters. Either in the fully develo ed . to be 1 t d · d no seem
the abbreviate tegmina, but more n;tab~r ~~
f oca e m efinite situations on the sur-
nomic characters in this tribe. Also the shape, types. Some species show definitely filiform ace ~f the tegmen. The largest ones however
size and other characters of the fastigium as or ensiform antennae, others have very weakly
seen from above (Figs. 55-57) may be useful for ensiform antennae, while others have anten- Othfethla~ter, ~heir
In the eirfull
general shape and the pati'ern
veinsd may p rov1· d e useful characters.
are a ways found in the same areas Them ~
us~~ .loc~tions of these maculatio~s are in~~­
taxonomic purposes. In this aspect the fas- nae which are rather short and flattened in length/wi~th eveloped .tegmina, the relation ca e m Fig. 39C. There is usually a small dark
tigium may vary from elongated in front of the . , maculahons and shape of th ~re~ (n~t marked in the figure) very near the
eyes to barely surpassing them, with all the
most of its length.
Shape of pronotum (Figs. 44-54, A, B). The a_r1calfpart may contribute to the identifica~ .as1s o the tegmen, occupying the intersec-
intermediate conditions. The fastigium usu- pronotal metazona is in this group shorter (in t ion o. the spe c1es. . Th ere is
. a feature of the ~10ns o.f the main veins, especially between the
ally possesses several dorsal carinulae whose many cases considerably shorter) than the ~:~mma "".hie~ seems to be exclusive of mem- mcephons
d k of M, Cul ' and Cu2 · C onsp1cuous .
'I shape and extension may be significant. Lat- prozona, except in some species of the genus . s ~f this tnbe. Linnaeus (1764: 150) men- 1 a; a~ea~ occ.ur frequently in the areas marked
eral carinulae starting at the internal margin of Abila. In most phaeoparines the pronotum lacks h.ons it when describing its first knowns e
c1e~ (now called Phaeoparia thes:nd 3 m Fig. 39C. Within the same species,
l I
'I the eyes and going forward on the fastigial lateral carinae and its disk rounds gradually lineaalba) wh Ph - i t . ark areas may vary in extension and
wnt . z . ere e
surface, sometimes straight but usually curv- into the lateral lobes; what may represent the bl°
/1
es. e
l° ytrorum lmea alba obliqua" · Th.lSW h.lte n ens1ty, and may also coalesce in different
ing towards the midline occur in practically all lateral carinae are weak and ill-defined. In oh ique ~ne.(Fig. 390) (called "linea alba" in :Vays. and degrees. In the area marked 4 are
species. A feature present in slightly different some cases, however, the pronotal disk is neatly tt e descnphons
· that follow) is . present m . the
~~:::~:Y~ ,~ocated the white markings of the
shape and position in almost all the separated from the lateral lobes by a sharp egm1.na of most of the long-winged species of . a . Usually a dark area occurs imme
phaeopariines, is a transverse sulcus or de- angle between disk and lateral lobes, which the. tnbe, and consists in an oblique series of diately
ti behind those white mark·mgs, some--
pression, which runs across the fastigial sur- might be interpreted as being the equivalent of ~h1te (or at least of a color notably lighter than mes very narrow and faintly indicated but
face, between the mentioned lateral carinulae, the lateral carinae. Frequently the lateral lobes
usually in front of the eyes. A median dorsal are separated from the disk by a sharp change
:n ~~of the r~t of the tegmen) maculae placed may. show different degrees of width
tensity T
d, .
an m-
of th: areas. etween the main veins. The first th r . fwo ?r three dark bands parallel to
carinula is frequently present: it can begin in color: the whole of the lateral lobes or just . b m (gomg from the anal to the costal area) . e me o white markings may occur between
right on the apex of the fastigium, or more their upper portions being considerably darker 1ies etween
betwe th C u 1 an d M -posterior, the second it and the apex of the tegmen, but these are
usually behind the transverse sulcus men- than the disk. The median dorsal carina may en e latter and M-anterior th th. d usually ·rather tenuous · Wh"l 1 em . some species .
~~t~~en t~e br:nch1~f
th
tioned above. It is usually short, disappearing vary in relief and extension, but when present latter .and R or the las; ~ mam maculations are faint and incon-
not far from its inception or, in rare cases, is frequently weak and interrupted on the pos- b ~ ere is sometimes a small fourth macula s_r1~uou~, they are darker and more well de-
running along most or the whole vertex. terior part of the prozona. The anterior margin e ween the last two branches of RS 0 hm1ted mothers (Fig. 39B), while still in oth-
more of th ese maculae may b 1 k.· ne or
of the pronotal disk may be straight or slightly closer exam· · . e ac mg. On ers, ~hese maculae are intensely colored black
Maxillary palpi. Their shape and color, convex, sometimes with a slight median emar- mahon it can be seen that th or _riceous. In these cases their surface may be
whether they have the apical article flat and gination. Its posterior margin is more variable. maculae are "kno t s ,, occurnng . 1. th · ese
shmy, their contours neatly marked and 11
the~
tion of th · n e mtersec-
light-colored or cylindrical and dark-colored In some species, mainly in the long-winged on e mtercalary longitudinal veins and traces of venation quite obsolete ;n
is a character that varies in different species. In ones, it is usually projected caudad in an ob- h e or s~vera~ small crossveins (Fig. 390). It is e~cept ~ometimes the relief corresponding t~
this respect it must be noticed that a flat and tuse angle. In the short-winged ones, its shape a~~~~~a1g:~~1~~ the ~unction or the evolutive the ma1~ longitudinal veins running across
white apical article of the maxillary pal pus is a is more variable: from angulated as in the h is senes of white maculae but t ~m (Fig. 39A). In most species maculae of
common feature of many acridoid species be- latter instance, to straight or emarginated at t ey are present in most of the long -wmge
.' d this later type appear only in the females.
longing to different families or subfamilies,
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 11
10
rath~r uniform. The presence of green or yel-
They may vary in shape in different individu-
genus Phaeoparia (sensu lato), there seemed to btions north. and South of the Arna zon1an
. b asin.
low is rare and characteristic of some species. ut a 1so m some localities well with" .t '
exist a definite separation between species with b bl t 1. . in I , may
als, and sometimes happen that one of the Also some color patterns are unusual, and ea e ~ ive m small grassy areas within the
a rather simple and triangular epiproct and
tegmina has a macula while the opposite does hence of good taxonomic value. Amazonian forest as well as in the very differ-
either straight or curved but unmodified cerci,
not have it, or that, especially in the case of . Based mainly on these characters and their ent plant formations where it is found th
and species with an epiproct distinctly divided
small maculae, some specimens may have
in a basal, rather square portion and a neatly
d1_fferent combinations, the members of this and north of it. Examination of the gu:~~n­
them, but they may be lacking altogether in tr_1be had previously been grouped in a few tents or the feces of a limited number o f spe-
differentiated, narrower apical one. Epiprocts .
others. Intermediates between these two ex- d1scr~te and recognizable genera. In the course cies suggest that some ~f them are not gramini-
of this latter type frequently have tubercles or
tremes of intensity and coloration of the dark
different prominent sculpturations on its sur- of th1_s st~dy, however, I have been able to vorous, these cases bemg mentioned b e 1ow.
maculae may occur. These two conditions have exam1~e m many cases series of specimens
face, and the corresponding cerci are angulated
also been used, together with other characters, b_elongmg to species only known before by a
in some species, or have different modifica- PHYLOGENY
in the separation of genera (Jago 1980). Also in smgle type or a very limited series. On the
tions in their apical part, in contrast to the
relation to the well-developed tegmina, the
simple shapes mentioned before. In the course other ha~d, while only seven genera with some Pr~sent knowledge of this group does not
shape of their apices, especially the differ- 23 spec~es had been recognized heretofore,
of this study many intermediate forms of pe_r~it o~e to say much about its phylogeny.
ences between those which are obliquely and th~ specimens examined for this revision seem
epiprocts and cerci between those mentioned W1thm t~1s tribe, however, there are very many
concavely truncated, or entirely convex and to mclude another four genera and 20 species
above have been found. In any case, the male s~or~-wmged forms, which are obviously de-
rounded, may be useful taxonomic characters or subspecies not known before. This study
abdominal terminalia (furculae, cerci, epiproct nvahves of more primitive long-winged ones
(Figs. 39 E - 39 K, 40, 41). reveals ~hat established genera, especially that must be closer to the ancestral form of all
Apical external spine in the hind tibiae. In this and subgenital plate) provides the most useful ~haeoparza and Maculiparia, partially lose their
characters for the separation of species. The the Orthoptera S~ltatoria. This study has pro-
tribe there is a tendency toward reduction or identity because characters used to define them
structure of the male abdominal terminalia was duced the followmg conclusions.
elimination of this spine which is generally ~ppear combined in a variety of different ways
used by Jago (1980) for the separation of the _Members ~f the genera Epiprora, Albinella,
present in the Romaleidae. While in some spe- m some of the new species, thus making it
genera Phaeoparia and Maculiparia, and is used Abz!a, Rowellza, Phaeoparia, and Maculiparia,
cies this spine seems to be always lacking and necessary to modify earlier diagnoses. which are long-winged and readily fly are
in others always present, there are species in also here for that purpose.
Phallic complex (Figs. 58-68). The most im- h~re taken as the most primitive. In the long-
which some specimens have it while others do DISTRIBUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
portant taxonomic characters are related to the w~nged species of named genera the hind
not, or have in its place a very small rudiment
shape and structure of the epiphallus. The rela- wmgs are well developed, the tegmina are
only visible under a rather strong magnifica- The_ phaeopariines are most concentrated
tive size of the epiphallus with respect to the large, wi~h a complex system of veins, and in
tion. Also, when a large series of a single spe- and diverse within the Amazonian region.
rest of the phallic complex may be very differ- Pha_eoparza and allies at least, their apices are
cies is at hand, it is frequently possible to find However, very little is known of the acridid
ent in different species. The shape of the lophi obliquely
. truncated (Figs. 39 E, F, G) . A n in
· d"i-
specimens that have the spine on one hind fauna ~f ~he whole territory of Venezuela. But
is another distinctive character. The general cahon that this shape of the tegminal apices
tibiae but not on the other. In most cases, when the. ex1stmg data show that the Amazonian
shape and structure of the cingulum is also may be more primitive than the rounded form
the external apical spine is present, it is re- ~eg10n, and especially its western part, includ-
taxonomically important. Sometimes it shows showi: by other genera such as Abila and oth-
duced in size with regard to the neighboring mg the corresponding Andean watershed is
a transverse piece and long, narrow, forwardly ers (Fi?s. ~9 H, I, J, K) is given by the species
ones of the same side. These spines may be the most diverse. From that region the tribe
directed apodemes, but from this form, which Maculzp~rza rotundata. This species has two
.,. present in one species and lacking in a closely ~ay have spread northwards as far as Costa
··: ... is common in most acridoids, it may vary to subs~ec1es, one of which consistently has the
related one. Considering that most romaleid Rica (Prov. Heredia, approx. 100 30 , N), and
form an almost shield-like structure in which tegmma a~d wings slightly longer than the
grasshoppers have this apical external spine sout~:vards to the Tropic of Capricorn in the
the apodemes are dorsally united in most of other. W~Ile the apices of the tegmina in the
on their hind tibiae, its reduction or disappear- Braz1han St~te of Sao Paulo. Maps are here
their extension. This latter type is also found in l?nger-wmged subspecies are always ob-
ance may be considered as a secondary charac- pres~nted with the known distribution of the
other romaleine groups. The shape and size of h~uely truncated, the one with the shorter
ter. The fact that most of the brevialate species species.
"·' the apical valves of the endophallus may also wmgs always has the tegminal apices rounded.
tend to lack this spine seems to confirm this The Amazonian region is prevalently for-
be significant. In one species, paired sclerites of Th~ very many brevialate species are certainly
assumption, since wing reduction must be also ested. Ho~ever, most of the phaeoparines
what seems to be a rudimentary arch are found. denved from long-winged forms. Species with
a secondary character. However, cases are whose feedmg habits are known are gramini-
This structure is also present in some romaleines both long and short winged forms have not
found of brevialate species possessing this v~ro~s. That means that they must live, even
belonging to other tribes. Most of the species been found in the phaeopariines. Almost all
spine, and on the other hand, long-winged w1thm the tropical forest, in places where
have well-developed latero-ventral sclerites. th: short~winged f_orms have very short teg-
ones lacking it. So it must be admitted that grasses can grow such as clearings, forest edges
In the drawings of phallic complexes the oval mm~ which reach JUSt the auditory organ on
reduction or elimination of this spine and or the rather uncommon areas of Amazonian
sclerites of the epiphallus, which are invariably the first ~bd~minal segment or only very little
brevialate condition have not evolved in a gra~sla~d. Species such as Abila descampsi
present, have not been represented. beyond it (Figs. 42, 43). These tegmina cover
parallel way as secondary conditions. which is found mainly in open plant forma- usually very small rudiments of wings. I have
Chromatic characters. Most phaeopariines are
:::. I Male epiproct and cerci (Figs. 44 C, D-54 C,
dull-colored. Their color pattern is usually
D). In the species that were once placed in the
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 13
12 ~ill~meter. Measurements taken are indicated
winged ones, lies in western Amazonia, while th Distribution
b maps.-Made b Y measurmg . .
m
found only two brevialate species (Aristia m Fig. 1. T~ey are recorded in tables for each ed · est maps available ' the app rox1ma .
most of the long-winged (hence primitive) te co-
mordax and Phaeoparia huilensis) where the teg- of t.h~ species. I consider them important for or ma.tes of the localities of collection indi-
species are found in peripheral areas (Atlantic their identification. In case of doubt th
~on:~~d
mina reach further back on the abdomen (3rd coast, Cerrado and prairie formations N. and cated m the specirr:en labels. Some of them
or 4th abdominal segment) and one (Phaeoparia be helpful and should always be how~~er, have been impossible to locate. These
S. of the Amazonian basin, Central America).
phrygana) in which the tegmina do not even The proportions of measurements of differen~ localities have hen been marked th
In the present case then, if a center of origin is
reach the tympana. The shape, size, venation, body parts are useful in some cases. with different signs and the on edmaps
to be defined, it seems that western Amazonia a d . d f , maps re uced
. Colors.-Named in the descriptions accord-
maculation and other details of these short- and the corresponding eastern slope of the
mg to the tables and nomenclature in Sm.th · n cop1e "bl or reproduction · It h as proved
impo~s1 e to mark the localities for all species
(1975). I~ this respect it must be underst~o~
ened wings are different in different species Andes must represent it.
and so are useful as taxonomic characters. On He a smgle map
on · of central and South A menca. .
the other hand they offer few indications of ~h~t, w~1~e c?lors in a general way are useful n~e, partia 1 ~aps have made for groups of
MATERIALS AND METHODS m.1d~ntifi~ations, they may vary rather widely
their possible relationships with the long- species,
.. sometimes single spec1·es , wh ere 1o-
w1thm a .smgle species depending on the time ca 1ities
. of collection could b e c1ear1y marked
winged species. Methods used for this work are in general the. specimens have been kept in collections
Very little can be said here on the subject of the usual in taxonomic studies. Male genitalia A . 1hist of. locality names used i·n th.is paper .
the phylogeny of the Phaeopariini. have been dissected and cleaned as usual, but their preparation when collected (whether the , wit their geographical coordinates is give~
Amedegnato and Poulain (1994: 17) suggest the KOH solution has always been used at have
th 1been eviscerated or not , etc .) and eveny as an appendix.
that in the past the group may have been more room temperature rather than hot. e p ~ce. where they were collected. Also . Abbreviations.-ln the lists of species exam-
diversified at the generic level than it is today. Mercurochrome has been used as a stain for it. ~ppreciahon of colors in comparison with thos~ med, the . abbreviations "m" and "f" mean
This could be interpreted as an indication that m t~e Table may be somewhat subjective es- ~esf,~ct1vely male and female. Since the letter
Drawings.-Those of the whole insects have
its evolution is already past its peak, and that been made using a photograph as a basis, over pec1a~ly in the very frequent cases wh~n a : is generally used as an abbreviation for
the group may be now on the decline. The fact which a plastic drawing film has been attached color ii: the insect does not closely correspond t e. ~ord "m:ter", whenever altitudes of lo-
that it is difficult to reveal affinities between and the definitive drawing made on it directly to one m the Table, and an approximation has calities . are given with relation to specimens .
to be made. Composite names of colors in the exammed, the abbreviation "m alt
many of the different species, and that many of with India ink. Drawings of details (parts of d · as b een
" h
~amed Table are sometimes hyphenated (ol- use : Months in the dates of collection of
them appear like rather isolated taxa, may the body, tegmina, genitalia) have been made
point in the same direction. In other groups of using an ocular reticule and squared paper. In ive-brown, buff-yellow) and sometimes not spec1m~ns examined have been abbreviated
(spe~trum yellow, lime green). Considering to the f.us.t three letters of their names. Other
the Romaleinae, there are genera formed by a all drawings, either of whole insects or its
number of closely related species. Also in many parts, the cephalic end is pointing to the left. that m many cases I have added adjectives of a.b~rev1ations are those in current use in scien-
~y own, to these color names (such as "li ht" tific papers.
cases, groups of clearly related genera are evi- The only exceptions are the dorsal and frontal dark" , "b r~g
· h t ,, , etc.) I have hyphenated g all,
.• dent. This may mean that they are still actively views of the epiphallus. In the dorsal views the
diversifying and that the different links of a cephalic end is pointing downwards, and in the composite names found in the Table so as REPOSITORIES
generic chain of species, or of a series of re- the frontal views the cephalic end is to the side to make clear which are the modifiers added
by myself. From Smithe's Color Guide I h
lated genera are still extant. In the of the observer. In all drawings except those of
phaeopariines, on the other hand, many of the phallic complexes, scale lines have been used only the first set of 86 colors, not ~~= h Types and spe~imen.s.-All the existing types
.ave been exammed m their respective collec-
them may already be extinct, so producing the added. In the phallic complexes, while differ- ~upple~entary ones that follow in some print-
mgs of it. tion~, .and most of them compared with con-
present discontinuity, which is most evident ent species may be drawn at different scales, in spec1fic. Sfecimens. Some that presented un-
Wi~g venation.-For all references to win
in the brevialate forms. all cases all the figures of each species are usual d1ff1culties have been borrowed later for
As to what could be called the "center of venation the nomenclature of Ragge (19551
represented at the same scale. has been followed (Fig. 39 L). a more detailed study. Specimens from many
origin" of the Phaeopariini, its possible loca- Identification and description of genera and ri:useums have been borrowed for this revi-
tion depends on the criterion adopted to deter- dLocalities
· and dates o• 'l collection . -(of t ypes
s10r:. T~ese museums, among them the de-
species.- It has been made mainly by mean of an sfec1mens, number and sex of specimens
mine it. For certain authors, the center of ori- figures. The written descriptions are kept short, pos1tones of the types of new species and
e~am1i:ed, names of collectors). These data are
gin is located where the most primitive forms limited to the most important and distinctive voucher specimens in general, are indicated in
are found. Others, however, postulate that the give~ m full for the type series. Also for all
characters, and to the colors and color pat- t~~ text only by the names of the respective
center of origin lies where the most evolved specimens examined in the frequent cases
cities, according to the following list:
species abound, while the primitive ones must terns. when only reduced series are known. In the
Measurements.-Have been taken with a cases of. ver . y common species . such as
have been displaced to the periphery of the sliding stage which displacement is registered ANNARBOR/M useum 0 f Zoology, University
. of Michi-
area. Cases have been described in different with a dial caliper attached, in combination Phaeoparza. lz~eaalba or Abila bolivari, such a gan, USA.
living organisms which seem to prove either with a cross-lined ocular. Care has been taken ~-ompJete hst~ng is not given, and only locali- BERLIN . I Mus
. .. eum f..ur N aturkunde, Humboldt
of these criteria. In the present instance, the 1es o collection are recorded in order to save Umvers1tat, Germany.
to place the part under measure parallel to the spf adce and avoid what seems a useless amount CUSCO I Private collection of Dr. Francisco Carrasco
.··, greater concentration of brevialate species, Cusco, Peru. '
stage. Accuracy is in the range of 1/10 of a o ata.
which we consider to be derived from long-

:r-.-"
,,/'
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
14
GREIFSWALD I Museum of Zoology, University of
Greifswald, Germany.
LONDON I Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
MARACA Y I Departamento de Zoologia Agricola,
Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de
Venezuela, Maracay.
MONTEVIDEO I Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de
la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
NEBRASKA I Department of Entomology, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, U.S.A.
NEW YORK I American Museum of Natural History,
New York, U.S.A.
PARIS I Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
France.
PHILADELPHIA I Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia, U.S.A.
RECIFE I Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife,
Brasil.
RIO CLARO I Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade
Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
RIO DE JANEIRO I Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro,
Brasil.
STOCKHOLM I Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm,
Sweden.
TORINO I Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Universita
di Torino, Italy.
UPPSALA I Zoological Institution, University ofUppsala,
Sweden.
WASHINGTON I National Museum of Natural History,
Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
TAXONOMY OF THE TRIBE
In the text that follows I have tried to follow
some sort of taxonomic order, going from the
genera that seem most primitive to those that
may be most evolved. Criteria for defining
degrees of primitiveness have been based
mainly on wing length: long-winged species
have been considered as more primitive than
brevialate ones, as stated above apropos of
phylogeny. Also, considering that most
acridoids have an arc in their phallic complex,
the presence of rudiments of such in Epiprora
has been interpreted as a primitive character,
1 Measurements as taken for this revision. A, length from fastigium ~o. en~
. elimination of it in all the other genera as an
F~g. · . . B length from fastigium to end of abdomen; C, length of fashgmm, evolved one. Examination of gut contents in
o tegmihna,f , E length of metazona; F, length of pronotum; G, length of
D lengt o prozona, , d· t the only species of the said genus (mycelium,
.....· ' d t . H length of hind femur; I, length of tegmen; J, greater iame er
hea +prono um, , · l d. t ce dicots) indicate that it is not a graminivorous
f . K smaller diameter of eye; L, length of antenna; M, mter~cu ar i~ an ,
species but probably a polyphagous species,
~ e~~dth of head at eyes; 0, Width of head at genae; P, maximum width of
which may also be more primitive than the
p;onotum; Q, maximum width of hind femur.
graminivorous oligophagy of other species.
As a final result, I have listed first all the
genera which have only long-winged species,
15
then the ones with both long-winged and
brevialate species, and finally those with only
brevialate species.
Key to the genera of Phaeopariini
Characters defining the genera of this tribe
are difficult to describe in words. Further-
more, it is not possible in general to find just
one or a few characters enabling the separa-
tion of the genera, being necessary in most
cases to use a combination of several of them.
For that reason, figures are in all cases men-
tioned in the following key, and is suggested
to its users to refer to them in every case.
1 Long-winged (tegmina reaching at least last
third of hind femora) (Figs. 2-9, 11, 12, 19,
29) ····································································· 2
la Brevialate (tegmina in most cases reaching
only posterior margin of first abdominal
segment or slightly beyond it (Figs. 13-18,
21-28, 30, 32, 34-38); rarely reaching 3rd or
4th abdominal segment (Figs. 31, 33) ....... 7
2 Frons and vertex (side view) forming an acute
angle (±30°); union fastigium-frons with
shallow concavity above antennal insertion
(Fig. 44, 3rd column, A). Fastigium in dorsal
view longer than interocular distance, with
apical middle incision (Fig. 55, 2nd row, 3rd
species) (Fig. 8) (Costa Rica) ....... Rowellia
2a Frons making a less acute angle with surface
of vertex (40 to 60°),the latter more or less
convex in side view; union vertex-frons
forming a rounded angle or decidedly
rounded ........................................................... 3
3 Vertex (side view) strongly convex, fastigium
following its contour, without any depres-
sion in between, united with frons in a
rounded angle (Fig. 44, 2nd column, A); in
dorsal view fastigium very prominent, about
twice as long as interocular distance (Fig.
55, 1st row, 2nd species). Tegmina long and
narrow, apex acute (Fig. 40, 1st column, 2nd
species) (only male known) (Fig. 3)
(Rondonia, in western Central Brasil) ...... .
............................................................ Albinella
3a A different combination of characters ......... 4
 ·~~~-------------------~

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

16 17

·1

I
I
i

Rowellia costaricensis
··' Maculiparia immaculata Maculiparia emarginata
Aristia mordax

'I
I
• 1

Phaeoparia l. lineaalba
Maculiparia huilensis
Pseudaristia oxycodia
Phaeoparia amblyceps

Abila latipes
Phaeoparia rondoni ~
3
oMaculiparia havilandae Maculiparia ariariensis

12
Phaeoparia depressicornis
Maculiparia terramar
Stornophilacris seabrai

Maculiparia annulicornis
~? Maculiparia o. obtusa
Maculiparia alejomesai
Abila bolivari Phaeoparia bicolor Stornophilacris poulaini

-~·;

Maculiparia o. solimoensis
,• " Maculiparia guyanensis Phaeoparia monnei Graciliparia shuara cutucu

. ed to facilitate comparison and tentati.ve

Reduced figures of speoes ~r~anff are included in each of the species Reduced figures of species arranged to facilitate comparison and tentative
identification. The larger ongma igures
identification. The larger original figures are included in each of the species
treatments . treatments.
..
,..:.1
,,c,
-
111111111111111111111J1IS!Jl-l~l.~l¢~.i!&4ii!l!lll.
l~~-~&~&~J~JWPti'!l!!L~.iL!ll!!l!'!i~~A!ll'l!L~&.a!!llll. . . . . . . ...,..,..,_._._._.~~~~-

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

19
18
shorter and wider than in species of ~irst transverse sulcus, near midline, diverg- co.lumns, C, D; Fig. 48, all columns C D)
4 Fastigium short, in lateral view evenly round- mg from there to front edge: in metazona it
Phaeoparia mentioned above. Tegmina reach- with wide, triangular furculae placed close
ing into frons (Fig. 44, 1st column, A, B) in starts at posterior edge, diverges slightly
ing end of hind femora or only slightly ~ogether, cer~i simple, conical, straight or
dorsal view, fastigium about half as long as forwards and downwards, more strongly
shorter, with apices in general obliquely m~urve~, ep1proct triangular, sometimes
interocular distance in males, less than it in so on posterior part of prozona. Male ab-
truncated, convex or concavely, with dark with apical part slightly differentiated and
females (Fig. 55, 1st row, 1st species). Teg- dominal terminalia (Fig. 53, 3rd column, C,
shiny maculae in females (Fig. 41, all spe- narrow~r than basal one, subgenital plate in
mina narrow, long, with apices obliquely ~)shaped as in Phaeoparia. (Fig. 34) (Colom-
cies). Abdominal terminalia in males (Fig. dorsal view angularly extended caudad with
truncated, convex (Fig. 40, 1st column, 1st bia) .............................................. Pseudaristia
49, 1st 3 columns, C, D; Fig. 52, 1st column, ap:x truncated. or rounded, not acutely
species), without linea alba. (Fig. 2) (Brasil, 9a A different combination of characters ....... 10
C, D ) with modified cerci (angulated, rug- pomted except m one species (Fig. 47, 3rd
Central and Eastern Amazonia) ................ ..
ose, with apical tubercles, etc.), epiproctwith column, C). (Figs. 13-18). (Central America
............................................................ Epiprora 10 Fa.stigium greatly produced in front of eyes;
basal portion wide, apical one narrow and Northern S. America, Amazonia, Central
4a A different combination of characters ........ 5 m lateral view (Fig. 54, 3rd column, A, B)
tongue-like; subgenital plate apically and NE Brasil) ............................ Phaeoparia
rounded rather than acute.(Figs. 19, 20, 29) separ~ted from surface of vertex by slight 12a Verte~ ~nd frons convex, roundly meeting at
Vertex more or less convex in lateral view, prom1r:ence and depression, united angu-
5 (Central America, Northern South America) fashgmm, t~e latter almost always much
fastigium roundly curving into frons which larly with frons which is very prominent in
...................................................... Maculiparia shorte.r than m the preceding genus, giving
is straight or slightly convex (Fig. 45, all front of eyes, decidedly concave lower he.ad m lateral view a blunt appearance
columns, B). Fastigium in dorsal view (Fig. down. In dorsal view (Fig. 57, bottom row (Fig. 49, last column, A, B; Figs. SO, 51 , all
7(1a)Tegmina slightly overlapping dorsally, reach-
55 1st row, last 2 species, 2nd row, 1st 2
ing at least end of 4th abdominal segment, last species) fastigium in both sexes almos~ colum~s, A: B; Fig. 52, 4th column , A, B:
species) short and wide in females, short but ~wi_ce as long as interocular distance, slightly
less than half of hind femora. (Fig. 43 col- e~cephons m this character being the spe-
narrower in males. Tegmina wide, rounded mosed at apex. Tegmina (Fig. 43, last col- cies represented in Fig. 52, 2nd and 3rd
umn, 2nd species). Vertex in lateral view
apices (Fig. 40, 1st column, last four spe- umn, bot~om species) almost contiguous columns, A, B); fastigium in dorsal view
convex, with long fastigium angularly united
cies). Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 45, all dorsally, immaculate, pointed apices. (Fig. (Fig. 56, 3rd row last species, 4th row all
with frons, prominent in front of eyes (Fig.
columns, C, D) with furculae medially con-
53, 1st column, A, B). In dorsal view fas- 38) (Ecuador) ............................. Graciliparia species; Fig. 57, 1st row, all species 2nd :ow
tiguous or absent; subgenital plate very large
tigium as long as interocular distance in lOa A different combination of characters ....... 11 ~ast 3 species) generally shorter tha~
and with flaring-out sides. (Figs. 4-7) (South-
both sexes (Fig. 57, 3rd row, 1st species). mterocular distance. Tegmina (Fig. 42, col-
ern Colombia and Venezuela, Amazonia, 11 Vertex and frons convex, meeting in a definite
Pronotal disk limited with lateral lobes by umns 3, 4, all species: Fig. 43, columns 1
and ~ all species; column 3, 1st, species)
Eastern and Central Brasil) ................. Abila a~gle (Fig. 53, 2nd column, A). In dorsal
angular Hexion. (Fig. 33). (Colombia) ........
Sa A different combination of characters ......... 6 ................................................................ Aristia v.1ew, fastigium (Fig. 57, 3rd row, 3rd spe- meetmg _or not at midline, frequently with
7a A different combination of characters ........ 8 o:s) produced i1: front of eyes by a length black.shmy maculae especially in females,
6 Vertex slightly convex in lateral view, contin- slightly less than mterocular distance, sides reachmg posterior edge of 1st abdominal
ued in fastigium without any intervening convergent, apex rounded, a definite me-
8 Fastigium acutely produced in front of eyes, segment (exception being Fig. 43, column 3
depression or with a very slight one be-
apically pointed except sometimes in fe- dian carina on all of its length and part of 1st species, where tegmina reach 4th ab~
tween them (Fig. 46, all columns, A; Fig. 47, vertex). Pronotal disk with discrete median dominal segment). Male abdominal
males, slightly longer than interocular dis-
1st column, A): fastigium in dorsal view cari~a, limited with lateral lobes by angular terminalia (Fig. 49, last column, C, D; Fig.
tance in bothsexes (Fig. 57, bottom row, 1st
prominent, narrow and acute (Fig. 55, 3rd flex10n, more apparent in males than in
two species), in some species bent upwards; 50, 51, all columns, C, D; Fig. 52, 2nd, 3rd
row all species, 4th row, 1st 2 species); in females. T:gmina separated dorsally,
vertex in lateral view (Fig 54, columns 1 and and 4th columns, C, D): with posterior part
lateral view, frons prominent in front of rounded ap1ces (Fig. 43, 3rd column bot- of 10th abdominal tergite visible in a con-
2, A,) slightly convex, united with frons in
eyes (Fig. 46, all columns, A; Fig 47 1st col-
an angle variable according to the species. tom species). Ovipositor with long, n~rrow siderable extension, cerci modified in vari-
umn, A). Tegmina long, with apices ob- va.lves, as modified for epiphytic ovipositon. ous ways (angulated at middle, rugose, with
Tegmina separated dorsally, immaculate, of
liquely and concavely truncated (Fig. 40, (Fig. 35) (Western Venezuelan Amazonia)
variable shape according to species (Fig. 43, p.rotuberai:ces at or near apex, etc.), rarely
2nd column except 1st species). Male ab-
4th column, 1st 2 species). (Figs. 36, 37) ··:······················································ Tepuiacris s1.m.ple a~ m Phaeoparia; epiproct generally
dominal terminalia (Fig. 10; Fig. 46, all col- lla A different combination of characters ....... 12
(Northeastern Brasil) .................................... .. d1v1ded mto wide basal part and narrow
umns, C, D; Fig. 47 1st column, C, D) with
................................................ Stornophilacris apical one; subgenital plate in dorsal view
cerci simple, conical, straight or slightly 12 Ve~tex and f~o~s convex, roundly meeting at
8a A different combination of characters ........ 9 gei:erally blunt or rounded, very rarely
incurved, epiproct simple and triangular, hp of fashg~um, which may or may not pomted apically (Figs. 21-28, 30-32). (North-
subgenital plate acutely produced back- present a shght depression at limit with ern S. America and Guyano-Amazonian
9 Vertex in lateral view markedly convex; fas-
wards. (Figs. 9, 11, 12) (Central America, vertex (Fig. 47, 2nd 3rd and 4th columns A-
tigium produced in front of eyes, united to area) .......................................... Maculiparia
Guyano-Amazonian region) ... Phaeoparia
frons in a somewhat rounded angle (Fig. 53, F~g. 48, ~ll columns, A). Fastigium in do;sal
6a Vertex straight or slightly convex in lateral 3rd column, A); in dorsal view (Fig. 57, 3rd view (Fig. 55, bottom row, last species; Fig.
view, with or without depression at limit 5~, 1st row, all species, 2nd row first 2 spe-
row, 2nd species) acutely pointed in male,
with fastigium, not prominent in front of cies) acutely produced in front of eyes in a
broadly rounded in female. Pronotum (Fig.
eyes (Figs. 49, 1st to 3rd columns, A, B; Fig. length approx. equal to interocular distance
53, 3rd column, A, B) with disk bending
52 1st column , A, B); fastigium in dorsal apex more or less incised or emarginated'.
angularly into lateral lobes in two different
view (Fig. 56, last species in 2nd row and 1st Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 47 last 3
places: in prozona the bend starts behind
2 in 3rd row; Fig. 57, 1st species in 2nd row)
.. .... 4 ?.IA, A. lf@.4..if.._(/!2 ..... !Ji!i.$£t&&!& Z

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

20 21
indentations. Hind tibiae a~ways wit~ well~ (GREIFSWALD). Of A. smaragdipes, hololectotype
set. All legs lime-green to parrot-green, with
l. EPIPRORA Gerstaecker 1889 (here selected) a male from BRASIL, Para,
developed external apical spme. Tegmma sur tarsi and the very apices of fore and middle
passmg. en d of abdomen and of hind femora, · h Santarem (PHILADELPHIA). Comparison of tibiae buff-yellow; genicular region of hind
. Gerstaecker 1889: 32. Jago 1980: 221.
Epzprora
Abila, sensu Bruner, par
tim (Abila smaragdipes only); not their apices obliquely truncated but stra1g t ~r these types makes this synonymy clearly evi- legs (including bases of hind tibiae) orange.
Abila Stal. slightly convex, rather than concave. Abdom~­ dent.
Hind wings tinged with orange, especially the
nal terminalia: furculae well-de:elope , Specimens examined .-A rather common spe- veins in basal area, but in many specimens this
Etymology.-Greek. Epi =upon, on, O\~er, + lobiform, widely separated, the portion of the cies. About 100 specimens from the following color is darker and duller, tending to cinna-
prora -- prow , bow ' face. Probably meaning a d f 10th abdominal tergum between t~em localities: BRASIL. Para State: Belem; Utinga mon-rufous rather than orange. Female con-
ship figurehead. . · · Gerstaecker
:tr~~g~t (not incised) cerci straight, c.o~ica~ and Mocambo (near Belem); Bonfim; Obidos; siderably larger, darker and more uniformly-
Type species.-Epiprora hilans e iproct triangular, clearly d1v1de J acareacanga; Santarem. Amazonas State: colored than the male. Antennae similar to
1889, by monotypy. . lar e p
transversa 11Y 1·nto basal and apical halves; d d "Jutai" (not the Jutai on maps but the one on those of male in shape and color. General color
Identification.-Male. Head. eyes g f
sub genital plate very acutely produced cau al . BR 316, km 369 near Madeira River). Maranhao of body, tegmina and legs raw-umber torus-
rominent; interocular space from 0.6 to ?·7fo Female. Larger and more robust th~n ma e, State: Igarape Gurupi Uma, 50 km E. of set, the tegmina frequently spotted with burnt-
P . . . ales ' 0 ·6 to 0.8 m e- but most characters like those desc~1bed for
l th of fashgmm mm Caninde; Amapa State; Macapa, Mazagao. umber, especially on their dorsal (anal) areas.
:fes. Vertex convex, abruptly curving to6ro~l~ the former. Ovipositor of the soil-laymg type. Dates of collection from February to Novem- Postocular-genal band only slightly darker
between eyes. Fastigial region short. ce i ber (RIO DE JANEIRO, PARIS, PHILADELPHIA, ANN than rest of head (tending to burnt-umber),
circular, large, prominent-_ Fr.ontal costa exca- 2 . Epiprora hilaris Gerstaecker 1889 ARBOR, BERLIN). There is also a female speci- and ill-defined. Lower part of lateral lobes of
vated in all its length, limited l~terally by Figs. 2 , 4o, 44, 55, 58, 80, Table 1 men (STOCKHOLM) labeled as from PERU, pronotum and of meso-metapleurae some-
rather elevated carinulae which reach Iquitos, but since that region has been rela- times of same color of rest of body, sometimes
Gerstaecker 1889: 33 . K'ir b y 1910'. 419.
f ntoclypeal suture. Antennae filiform, lon?er Epiprora hilaris 988· 322 325 332. Jago 1980: 221.
tively well-collected and this species has not slightly lighter, tending to buff at least par-
ro
thanhead+pronotum. Pronotum wi·th median . Ch apman 1 . , , . Rehn 1916: 293. been found again in it, I believe the specimen
Abila smaragdipes Bruner 1911. 96. tially. Wings colored as in males.
ina indistinct except for a short length nght . b 1955· 340 (type material). Otte 1978: 27 to be probably mislabeled as to locality. Note on gut contents.-Specimen from Bra-
car Lie ermann ·
b h' d front edge and on me t azona. Lateral (location of type). New synonymy.
Distribution.-(Fig. 80). Eastern Amazonia. zil, Amazonas, "Jutai"; abundant fungal myce-
e .1n bsent disk rounding into lateral lobes; The westernmost locality of collection is prob- li um; remains of dicot leaves with
carmaea , ·d1·
its front edge slightly concave at m1 me, ?~r Types.-Holotype of E. hilaris, a ma~e l~- ably the one marked on the map, west of the parallelocytic stomata. Specimen labeled as
terior one evenly rounded. Legs n~t especia ~ beled "Itaituba, Amazonas". This locality is Madeira river. The only locality in the State of from Peru, Iquitos (see above) contained only
strong, except for rather robust hmd femora, certainly Itaituba in the State of Para, on the Maranhao is on the Atlantic watershed, but it remains of dicot leaves similar to those of the
the latter with all carinae weakly marked, the Tapajoz River, south of Santarem. lies clearly within the Amazonian forest. first specimen. This points to this species not
dorsa 1one w1'thfew ' weak ' rather farther apart Identification.-Male. Generic characters as being grammivorous as most other
given above and illustrations clearly define phaeopariines studied.
this species. Phallic complex (Fig. 58) with
paired rudiments of arch, being the only spe- 3. ALBINELLA n. gen.
cies with this character among the examined
I ,, phaeopariines (but not among other Type species.-Albinella pulchra n. sp.
l romaleines). Chromatic characters. Males of Etymology.-Dedicated to my wife Albina,
this species are the most colorful who by her love, understanding and support
phaeopariines. Antennae shiny black, except of my activities, has greatly contributed to all

\\
for scape and pedicel which are dirty white
dorsally. Vertex, face, anterior parts of man-
~ !
dibles, lower parts of lateral lobes of prono-
tum and of meso-metapleurae buff-yellow,
Epiprora hilaris but vertex frequently with dark markings.
Eyes, postocular-genal band, upper parts of
lateral lobes of pronotum and of meso-
metapleurae raw-umber to burnt-umber. Disk
2 of pronotum and tegmina russet to hazel, but
former with some irregular fuscous marks.
Underside of body and whole abdomen buff
:'.:.
. I1l·1 arzs, . Para, Belem , Utinga. Scale line 5 mm.
. ma 1e, habitus. Specimen form Brasil,
Fig. 2. Epzprora to buff-yellow, the latter sprinkled with rus-
my work in entomology. Gender feminine.
Identification.-(based on male only). Elon-
gated, slender. Tegmina narrow and long,
largely surpassing end of abdomen and of
hind femora (Figs. 3, 40). Head with large,
prominent eyes; vertex strongly convex, fas-
tigium long and declivent (Fig. 44). Frontal
cos ta deeply sulcated medially from its incep-
tion to median ocellus, limited laterally by
very prominent carinulae to this point; below
the ocellus these carinulae weak, widely sepa-
rated, reaching frontoclypeal suture. Anten-
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
22
Fig. 3. Albinella pulchra, male holotype, habitus. From Brasil, Rondonia, Ouro preto do Oeste. Scale line 5 mm.
nae about twice as long as head+pronotum,
slightly ensiform, a few basal segments of fla-
gellum rather flat and wide. Pronotum (Fig.
44) with median carinae faintly marked, lat-
eral ones absent, disk evenly rounding into
lateral lobes; its cephalic edge straight, its pos-
terior one slightly produced caudad in a very
obtuse angle, slightly emarginated at its apex;
prozona 1.3 times as long as metazona. Hind
tibiae with well developed external apical
spine. Caudal edge of 10th abdominal seg-
ment without distinct furculae, only slight un-
dulations may represent them, deeply incised
at midline. Epiproct triangular not divided
transversally into basal and apical parts. Cerci
straight, conical. Subgenital plate acutely
pointed (Fig. 44).
4. Albinella pulchra n. sp.
Figs.3, 40, 44, 55, 58, 79, Table 2
Types.-Holotypc, male from BRASIL,
Rondonia State, Oum Prcto do 0<'te, Nov
1983 (0. Roppa, B.Silva) (RIO OE JANEIRO). The
holotypc isthc only specimen known.
rnstribution.-(Fig. 79).Thc only known lo-
cali ty for this species lies in the southern part
of the Amazonian basin, cast of the Madeira
River.
en z.f.zcatzon.-
· M a 1e. Bes1·d es ch aracters
-------------••••••••••~
Id t
Albinella pulchra
mentioned for the genus, the following may
prove helpful for its identification: Eyes very
large. Interocular space narrow, about half the
length of the fastigium. Tegument of head
matte, smooth on vertex and genae, pitted on
face (and also on pronotum and pleural sur-
faces of meso- metathorax). Legs long and
slender. Tegmina (Fig. 40) narrow, their apices
obliquely truncated and slightly concave. Phal-
lic complex (Fig. 55) with shield-like cingulum
(apodemes united dorsally); ventrolateral
plates very small; epiphallus rather flat (not
very strongly curved in lateral view), with
small anchorae and rather low, rounded lop hi.
Chromatic characters. Eyes cinnamon-rufous;
antennae of a lighter shade of same color.
General coloration of body light cinnamon.
Postocular-genal dark band marked only at
edges with fawn to olive-brown. Pronotum
with only upper parts of lateral lobes irregu-
larly tinged with same color, mainly on ante-
dor podions. Only traces of this dark eolma-
tion on parts of thoracic pleurae. Hind femora
marked with small black spots along a I\ their
carina; their innersurfaces, and also all abdo-
men and sternal surface of thorax light cinna-
mon to buff-ye How. Tegmina very light cinna-
mon, especially its veins, membrane being al-
mosttransparent. Wings tinged with chrnmc-
orange, most intensely near their bases, be-
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
23
coming
. lighter
. an d a1most transparent towards is known only from its male holo .
theu apical and vannal edges. the female is unk
nown companso
~ype. because
.
incomplete. The males however shn remains
Note on the genera Epiprora and Albinella b fd"ff , owanum-
t~r oh i erences which clearly indicate that
e~ s ould be considered as separate e
Al The
. monotypi c genera, Epzprora. and Their main differences (males only) g ne~a.
bznella seem to be closely related. The latter summarized as follows: may e
Epiprora hilaris Albinella pulchra
Head: Head:
Fro~tal costa not prominent above ocellus Frontal costa prominent above ocellus.
Fashgrnm a little over half of width of . Fashgrnm twice as long as the width of
mterocular space. mterocular space.
Antennae cylindrical, filiform. Antennae slightly ensiform.
Abdominal terminalia: Abdominal terminalia:
Furculae distinct, prolonged posteriori ~urculae indistinct, represented by
Epiproct transversely divided. y. mconspicuous lobes.
Posterior
. . edge of 10th abd omma
. 1 segment Epiproct undivided.
not mcised at midline. Posterior edge of 10th abdom·ma 1 segment
. .
mcised at midline.
Phallic complex: Phallic complex:
With paired rudiments of arch. Without traces of arch.
Ventro-lateral plates large. Ventro-lateral plates very small.
Epiphalhc lophi high, pointed ' WI.th apica
. 1 tu b ercle. Epiphalhc lophi low rounded .th
apical tubercle. ' ' WI out
5. ABILA Stal 1878
the basal articles of flagellum somewhat flat-
:ened and barely wider than the rest. Head
Abila Stal 1878·· 21 · Brunner von Watten 1
Giglio Tos 1898: 46 (in key). Jago 198o':''I2/893: 138. arge and globose: eyes large, prominent
Homalosaparus
b A Rehn 1908: 17. Jago 1980·· 22. 2 · S.ynonymy :~onotum with metazona only slightly shorte;
y medegnato and Poulain 1994: 17. 1 an prozona, . or nearly equal t o I.t, or even
;ng:r: media~ carina absent or very slightly
~tyr:zology.-Abila, a geographical name of ar ed, especially on metazona: lateral cari-
~~t~qmty,. one of the Pillars of Hercules, on the ~ae absent, the disk roundly curving into the
t~ter~l lobes.except on metazona where transi-
na:can side of the Strait of Gibraltar. Such
10n rom disk to lateral lobes may be some-
cal) es (geographical, mythological, histori-
:hat angular. Tegmina and wings well devel-
era,
un;"
~pparcntly
we.e frequently used by Stal for his cn-
a~ed
on the basis of euphony
to gcogrop_hic or other reasons.
~nd ped, the.former surpassing end of abdomen
:nd of hmd femora, with apices obliquely
runcate? but rounded, not concave as in
YP spwes.-Ab'1a Lahpes Stat 1878 b Phaeoparza and allies, with or without the light-
wi~d:~
monotypy. ' y colo~ed markings (linea alba). All legs robust
i{ca tion ·-All known species long- par~icul~rl_Y hind femora. External apical spin~
g g 0· ody more robust than in most other
/hnera ~ the tribe, and not compressed as in
of hmd tl~ia~ present or absent. Male abdomi-
n~l termmaha (Fig. 45) and phallic complex
or aeoparza
rug Tegu men t m
·A · general rather pitted
(Fig. 59) very characteristic for the genus, quite
osc. ntennac very slightly ensifmm,
........
\
----------------~~-

CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 25
24
with dark bands. (Fig. 7) (Colombia Venezu-
different from those of other members of the ela, Guyano-Amazonian region, NE Brasil)
tribe. The former with modified cerci, epiproct ...................................................... A. descampsi
of characteristic shape and large, spoon-like
subgenital plate. The latter with strongly
curved epiphallus as seen in frontal view, and A. LATIPES SPECIES GROUP
very long and variously modified apical
endophallic valves. Includes Abila latipes Stal and Abila
KEY TO SPECIES OF ABILA (MALES)

1 Metazona considerably shorter than prozona

(Fig. 45, 1st 2 columns, A, B,): furculae of male
christianeae n. sp. This group has a restricted
distribution (Fig. 81) in the Brasilian north-
east, the first species has been found inland,
the second on the Atlantic coast. \
abdomen (Fig. 45, 1st 2 columns, C, D) small,
narrow and pointed, or absent .................... 2
la Metazona as long as prozona or slightly longer
(Fig. 45, columns 3, 4, A, B.): furculae of male
abdomen (Fig. 45, columns 3, 4, C, D) wide
6. Abila latipes Stal 1878
Figs. 4, 40, 45, 55, 59, 81, Table 3

Abila latipes Stal 1878: 56. Kirby 1910: 424. Sjiistedt 1933:
\ v '
and bilobula ted ................................................ 3 63 (type material). Liebermann 1955: 340.
2 Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 45, 1st col- 4 Abila latipes
umn, C, D) with furculae small pointed, set Etimology.-from (Latin) latus = broad +
close together; part of subgenital plate visible pes, pedis, = foot, probably alluding to the
from above broadly rounded posteriorly, its very broad hind femora of the female type.
length about half of that of epiproct: inner Type.-Holotype, female, labeled
page of hind femur as in Fig. 45, 1st column, E, Fig. 4. Abila latipes, male, habitus. Specimen from Brasil, Bahia, Maracas. Scale line 5 mm.
"Brasilien", "1219", "6-1219" (WIEN). It was not
with bright orange band just before genicular marked as type, I labeled it as holotype in
lobe. Hind tibiae with small external apical
spine, may be rudimentary in males (Fig. 4) 1966.
(Northeastern Brasil) ..................... A. latipes
Specimens examined.-BRASIL. Bahia State:
2a Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 45, 2nd col- 1m2 f, Maracas Nov 1965 (F.M.Oliveira) (ANN
umn, C, D) without furculae: part of subgenital ARBOR); 27 m 6 f, Maracas, Aug 1978 (}.Becker,
plate visible from above bluntly pointed pos- O.Roppa) (RIO DE JANEIRO, PHILADELPHIA,
teriorly, only slightly shorter than epiproct: PARIS). This species was known only by its
inner page of hind femur as in Fig. 45, 2nd holotype since its description in 1878, until
column, E, without orange band before recently when, in field trips organized by Dr.
genicular lobe: hind tibiae without external Campos-Seabra of Rio de Janeiro, the above
apical spine. (Fig. 5) (Northeastern Brasil).
series was collected .
.................................................. A. christianeae Oistribution.-(Fig. 81). As far as known,
endemic from NE Brasil (sou them Bahia State).
3(la)Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 45. 4th col-
umn, C, D) with cerci long and thin, almost Identification.-Markedly more stocky and
straight; epiproct with sides of basal part robust than the species of the Bolivari species
markedly concave; subgenital plate in side group, it has a number of very distinctive
view narrow; inner page of hind femur as in characters, among them the male abdominal
Fig. 45, 4th column, E: external apical spine of terminalia and phallic complex (Figs. 45, 59). f yy v
hind tibiae present. Antennae uniformly col- Hind femora in both sexes but particularly in
ored. (Fig. 6) (NE, E and Central Brasil) .....
.......................................................... A. bolivari
females, very strong and wide. External apical
spine on hind tibiae present but very small in
5 Abila christianeae
3a Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 45, 3rd col- females, usually reduced to mere rudiments in
umn, C, D) with cerci incurved; epiproct with
most males. Chromatic characters. Antennae:
sides of basal part not concave: subgenital Fig. 5. Abila christianeae, male, habitus. Paratype from Brasil, Alagoas, Frances. Scale line 5 mm.
males; scape and pedicel buff-yellow, flagel-
plate in side view broad: inner pagina of hind
femur as in Fig. 45, 3rd column, E: external
lum dark chestnut at base, becoming very
apical spine of hind tibiae absent. Antennae gradually of a lighter shade towards apices,
 __,,....----

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 27

26
7. Abila christianeae n. sp. ently having habits similar to those of the type and female paratype, from Mato Grosso
the three apical segments markedly lighter Figs. 5, 40, 45, 55, 59, 81, Table 4 preceding species. State, ~hapada [dos Guimaraes], Jun
than the ones immediately preceding them. ~,H.H.Smith), labeled by Rehn, in error, as
Females; besides these light-colored apical Etymology.-Named in the honor of Dr. B. BOLIVAR! SPECIES GROUP Homal?saparus sordid us" (WASHINGTON).
segments, there are two similarly colored sub Christiane Amedegnato, a major contributor . Specimens examined.-A very common spe-
apical bands in the distal half of the flagellum. to the taxonomy of the Neotropical acridoids This gr~up includes Abila bolivari Giglio cies. We have examined more than 260 speci-
Internal face of hind femora mostly fuscous and creator of their modern classification sys- T~s and Abila descampsi n. sp. In sharp contrast mens from BRASIL. Pernambuco State: with-
(Fig. 45) and so the genicular area, but these w~th the "Latipes" group, the two species of outi:irecise locality. Alagoas State: near Maceio.
tem.
two dark areas separated just before the Type.-Holotype, male from BRASIL; State this on.e have a very wide distribution (Fig. Bahia State: Chapada Diamantina Rio de
genicular one, mostly on internal side, by a of Alagoas, Frances, 22 km S. of Macei6, 09-24 80). Abila descampsi has the largest distribution C.ontas. Minas Gerais State: Poc;os d~ Caldas;
bright orange band. Males and females with Jun 1990, foret de restinga (C.Amedegnato, for any member of the tribe, ranging from Pirapora; Curvelo; Gouveia; Diamantina. Goias
similar color pattern: face and sides of head S.Poulain). (PARIS). 1 male para type with same Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas in the State:
(where the post-ocular-genal band is only data as holotype (RIO DE JANEIRO). D" . Ilha do Bananal, Santa Isabel do Mo rro.
north,. to mid-central Brasil (Tropic of Capri- istnto Federal: Brasilia. Mato Grosso State:
faintly indicated) mostly light cinnamon or Oistribution.-(Fig. 81). Probably endemic corn) m t~e south, and including very differ- Chapada dos Guimaraes; Serra de Petrovina
cinnamon-rufous. Eyes ferruginous. Vertex, from NE Brasil (Alagoas State). ent ecological situations as the Brasilian North- Pedra Preta; Cuiaba. Rondonia State: Colo~
pronotal disk and anal area of tegmina very Identification.-Males: very similar superfi- east, the Guyana-Amazonian region and open rado do Oeste. Sao Paulo State: Near city of
light cinnamon to buff-yellow, this color much cially to those of the preceding species in shape, plant formations as the northern llanos and Sao Paulo; near ltirapina. BOLIVIA. Dpto La
lighter on tegmina. Vertex marked medially colors and color pattern. The two male speci- t~e s?uther~ cerrado. Abila bolivari is widely ~az, Apolo, 14°43' S, 60°31' W Dates of collec-
with a single longitudinal band or two mens in the type series have no traces of an distributed m Central Brasil. While the first of tion from February to December. (ANN ARBOR
paramedial narrow bands of a fuscous color, external apical spine on their hind tibiae They these species is usually encountered as iso- PARIS, MADRID, PHILADELPHIA, RIO CLARO, RI~
which continues along the middle of pronotal can be easily distinguished from those of A. lated individuals, the second one is much more DE JANEIRO, MONTEVIDEO). This is the species of
disk; these bands, under strong magnification latipes by several morphological and chromatic abundant, and many specimens can usually phaeopariine that reaches farthest south (24th
appear as a series of almost black spots on an details: Antennae with flagellum very slightly been collected in the places where it is found. parallel in Sao Paulo State, Brazil).
umber background. Also fuscous bands run at flattened at base; scape, pedicel and most of .Identification.-A species morphologically
sides of vertex, on external edges of pronotal flagellum light cinnamon, turning gradually 8. Abila bolivari Giglio Tos 1900 uniform, b~t of variable colors and color-pat-
disk and on tegmina, between light colored darker towards tip particularly on upper sur- Figs. 6, 40, 45, 55, 59, 80, Table 5 tern. Genenc description and illustrations of
anal area and their chestnut colored sides. face; the segments near its tip chestnut in the spe.cies may help in its recognition. Male
Tegmina without the oblique series of light- color, but apical five segments buff-yellow. Abila bolivari Giglio Tos 1900: 4. Kirby 1910: 424. Mesa et ab.dommal terminalia and phallic complex
colored markings (linea alba) seen in other Tegmina with a series of white markings that al 1982: 517 (chromosomes). Passerin 1981: 48 (t e-
material). yp (Figs. 55, 59) very characteristic. All specimens
species. Hind wings are tinged with light ruby form the linea alba, which are absent in A. examined had a reduced but quite distinct
Homalos~parus canonicus Rehn 1908: 17, 1918: 208. Kirby
on the bases of remigium and anal area, while latipes. Abdominal terminalia (Fig. 45) differs 1910. 584. Bruner 1911: 90. Liebermann 1955: 341. out~r apical spine on their hind tibiae. Chro-
the rest of the wing towards it apex shows in the absence of furculae and the cerci which Mason 1969: 299 (tympanal organ). Jago 1980: 222. matic characters. The only invariable one seems
transparent membrane and chestnut colored are strongly bent inwards. Phallic complex Otte 1978: 56 (type-material). New synonymy. to ~e the pink coloration on the base and pos-
Homalosaparus sordidatus Rehn 1909: 155. Bruner 1911: 91,
veins. (Fig. 59) differs in shape of epiphallus and in te~10r parts of the vannal (anal) area of the
Ecological note.-According to the collec- apical endophallic valves. Color pattern of 1913: 487. Liebermann 1955: 342. New synonymy.
wmgs: the remigium and apical and posterior
tors of the above series, the insects were found insides of hind femora are different in the two parts of anal a:ea bei1:1g colorless and transpar-
sitting on the spiny leaves of land bromeliads, species (Fig. 45); in the present species the Study of the types of the above species
ent, or sometimes slightly infuscated. Colors
and readily jump into the center of the plant, le~ves no doubt about the indicated synony-
absence of the subapical orange band is espe- of body and tegmen vary between two ex-
between the bases of the leaves, from where mies. Re~n's specific names were given to
· 1 cially notable. Also the hind wings are basally treme forms: A) Light-colored form, almost uni-
,! they are very difficult to extract. Analysis of a very light cerulean-blue (ruby in A. latipes). geographical variations in color and anatomi-
formly light tawny color, turning lighter to-
the fecal pellets of specimens of the above cal details. All kinds of intermediate forms
Female unknown. wards ventral parts of body; post-ocular and
series revealed "unidentifiable fibrous mate- were found in the large series examined in the
Ecological note.-According to the labels, genal area chestnut, this color continued on
rial". Whether this may come from the brome- present study.
the specimens were collected in "restinga" lower part of eye as shown in Fig. 6: inferior
liad leaves is not known. Types.-Of A. bolivari, female hololectotype
vegetation. This type of vegetation, more prop- part of antennae infuscated. B) Dark-colored
(here designated) from [BRASIL, Mato Grosso
erly called "jundu", grows around coastal form. Varies from almost uniformly burnt-
do Sul State], Urucum [near Corumba]; 1 fe-
dunes and is composed of numerous shrubs umber (mostly females) to specimens (mostly
male paratype, same data (TORINO). Of H.
and herbaceous plants; land bromeliads and males) with most of face, post-ocular-genal
canonzcus, male holotype, 5 m para types, from
cactus are plentiful. The two specimens of this band, upper parts of lateral lobes of prono-
BRASIL, Sao Paulo State, Sep 1900 (A.Hempel)
species were collected on bromeliads, appar- tum, most of thoracic pleurae, basal parts of
(PHILADELPHIA). Of. H. sordidatus, male holo-
 T
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
28
tegmina, median area of vertex, disc of
pronotum and upper surfaces of hind femora
fuscous: frontal costa between bases of anten-
nae, upper part of antennae, lateral parts ver-
tex, bands between disc and lateral lobes of
pronotum and lower parts of the latter, outer
faces of hind femora, apical parts of tegmina
and visible parts of abdomen buff to light
cinnamon. Such specimens usually (not al-
ways) have a circular buff colored patch on
upper part of meta thoracic episternum (shown
in Fig. 6).
Note on gut contents.-Specimen from Bra-
zil, Minas Gerais, Pirapora; unidentified fi-
brous remains; Gramineae with elliptic sto-
mata; long, rectangular plant cells with sinu-
ate walls; bi-cellular hairs.
Abila bolivari
6 9. Abila descampsi n. sp.
Figs. 7, 40, 45, 55, 59, 80, Table 6
. . n from Brasil Minas Gerais, Curvelo. Scale line 5 mm.
Fig. 6. Abila bolivari, male, hab1tus. Spec1me , Etymology.-Dedicated to the memory of
Marius Descamps, an outstanding researcher
on the taxonomy of the Acridoidea. A very
dear friend and the best of companions in
many field trips in S. America. Many of the
specimens studied for this revision were col-
lected by him.
Types.-Male holotype, BRASIL, Mato
Grosso State, Diamantino, BR 163, Rio Arinos,
May 1980 (B.Silva). (RIO DE JANEIRO). Para types.
COLOMBIA. Dept. Meta: 2 m 3 f La Macarena,
Dec 1970 (M.Descamps) (PARIS). VENEZUELA.
Bolivar State: 1m,1 f, Canaima, 450 malt., Dec
1984 (J.Laffke); 1 m, Canaima, Jul. 1990 (J.de
Marmeis, C.Chacon); 2 f, Las Bonitas, near
Cafi.oNegro,CaroniRiver, Dec 1984 (E.Osuna);
1 f, Amazonas Territory: Puerto Ayacucho,
Oct 1982 (A.Chacon, C.Yepes); (MARACAY).
FRENCH GUIANA. 1 m, Arataye, affluent
Abila descampsi Approuage, 8 km NE Pied Saut Parare, Jun
7 1988 (L.Dessuter, P.Grandcolas) (PARIS).
BRASIL. Bahia State: 1 m, Porto Seguro Jan
1977 (M.Descamps); 1m1 f Barrolandia, Dec.
1976(M.Descamps);1m1fltamarajuJan1977
. . 1 habitus. Paratype from Brasil, Para, Santarem. Scale line 5 mm. (M.Descamps) (PARIS), 1 m Salvador, Pituba,
Fig. 7. Abzla descampsz, ma e, Dec 1988 (J.Becker) (RIO DE JANEIRO); Goias
State: 4 m 1 f, Mineiros, Mar 1980 (HR.Roberts,
0.Roppa, CS.Carbonell): Mato Grosso State: 1
29
m 1 f Chapada dos Guimaraes, Nov 1978
(MA.Manne, O.Roppa, J.Becker); Diamantino
(BR 163, Rio Arinos) May 1980 (B.Silva); 1 m,
Sinop Aug 1978 (MA.Manne, O.Roppa,
M.Alvarenga) (RIO DE JANEIRO); 1 m 2 f Posto
Jacare on Rio Xingu (12° OO'S, 53° 22'W), Sep
1961 (M.Alvarenga, A.Bokermann); Para State:
1 m Santarem, Apr 1919 (S.M.Klages) (ANN
ARBOR); 4 m 1 f Santarem, Oct 1978
(M.Cerdeira) (RIO DE JANEIRO); Paraiba State: 1
mJoao Pessoa, Mata do Buraquinho, Mar 1981
(HR.Roberts, O.Roppa, CS.Carbonell).
Pernambuco State: 1 m Bonito, Feb 1981
(HR.Roberts, 0.Roppa, CS.Carbonell) (RIO DE
JANEIRO); 11 m. 6 f. Recife, Dois Irmaos, Jul
1990 (C.Amedegnato, S.Poulain) (PARIS); Ceara
State: 1 m , 1 f, 6 km S. of Crato, may 1991
(A.Mesa) (RIO CLARO).
Distribution.-(Fig. 60). This species has
been found in open plant formations south
and north of the Amazonian basin, including
parts of Brasil, Colombia and Venezuela. Speci-
mens have been also collected near Santarem,
right at the confluence of the Tapajos River
and the Amazon, and in the Atlantic forest of
coastal Brasil. Collection localities indicate that
this species lives in certain places of the Ama-
zonian forest, mostly at its northern and south-
ern edges. The only collection site on the main
course of the Amazon is the already men-
tioned one in Santarem, which points to its
being much rarer in places near the main course
of the river than in less densely forested areas
on the edges of the Amazonian basin. Plant
formations in some places where this species
was collected in Brasil are quite open in com-
parison with others which are covered by for-
est.
Identification.-Closely related to Abila
bolivari, but a number of characters allow to
separate both species. Size very large, espe-
cially the females among which are some of
the largest phaeopariine specimens (see Table
6). Male abdominal terminalia and phallic com-
p lex (Figs. 45, 59) very distinctive. Even if this
species is closely related to the preceding, all
individuals examined lack the external apical
spine on the hind tibiae, which was always
present in A. bolivari. The pattern of the inner
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL 31
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
30
type, _its valves acute, strongly arched, outer matic chara_cters. Male: antennae very light
10. ROWELLIA n. gen.
pagina of hind femora (Fig. 45) is also distinc- margms smooth. This genus seems related to chestnut, with last three articles of flagellum
tive. Chromatic characters. Antennae, which Graciliparia in its general shape and some mor- fusco1:1s; face, anterior parts of genae, sides of
Etymology.-Named after C. H. F. Rowell,
in the preceding species are light colored su- the well known research worker in many as- p~ologic_al d~tail~, ~ut~ besides being long- mandibles, vertex, pronotal disk and horizon-
periorly and infuscated below, are in this spe- pects of orthopteran systematics, physiology wmged, is ~as1ly d1shgmshed from Graciliparia tal (anal) parts of tegmina light cinnamon·
cies light-colored on both sides, but have on and ecology, who has substantially contrib- by several important characters, especially in postocular-genal band, lateral lobes of prono~
their apical halves three dark bands that en- uted to the knowledge of the Costa Rican the very different structure of fastigium as tum, ~eso- metathoracic pleurae and sides of
circle the flagellum in males and females (may s~en from ab~ve, different shape and propor- tegmma chestnut; in upper margins of lateral
acridid fauna. Gender, feminine.
be faintly marked in some of them or almost tions_ of _eye m males, and male abdominal lobes of pronotum and of lateral and superior
Type species.-Rowellia costaricensis n. sp.
obsolete, especially in males). Females more termmaha and phallic complex. Geographic p~rts at base of tegmen, this color suffused
Identification.-Belonging in the Phaeoparia
uniformly colored than males, being for the group of genera, but this is probably the most areas occupied by these genera (Costa Rica w1~h fuscous; pro-episternum fuscous on an-
most part light cinnamon to russet in darkest and southern Ecuador) are very widely sepa- te~10r half, chestnut posteriorly; fore and
divergent genus. Body elongated and com-
specimens. Both males and females have post- pressed, especially in male. Female markedly rated, not only in distance but by important m~ddle legs yellowish lime-green; hind femora
ocular-genal fuscous band, in some specimens larger and more robust than male. Both sexes biogeographic barriers. ~ith upper surface light chestnut, region of
marked also on part of the eye. Tegmina in long-winged, their tegmina surpassing tips of pmnae light cinnamon, both ventral sulci
some females uniformly colored, in others with hind femora and end of abdomen. Tegmina 11. Rowellia costaricensis n. sp. fuscous; hind tibiae dark chestnut; abdomen
three or four ill-defined oblique bands of a rather wide, especially in females (Figs. 8, 40), Figs. 8, 40, 44, 55, 58, 69, Table 7 cream-colored dorsally, turning to light chest-
shade darker than rest of tegmen. Males more obliquely truncated apically, with oblique line nut t~war~s sides and venter. Female: Anten-
variable in color and color-pattern: some uni- of light-colored markings (linea alba). Anten- Types.-Holotype male from COST A RICA nae light cmnamon-rufous, with three apical
formly colored light cinnamon as the females,
nae ensiform, shorter and much more mark-
Prov. Heredia, Puerto Viejo, Finca La Selva, 3 segments of flagellum fuscous; head cinna-
some with fuscous areas on central part of edly so in female; head as seen from above Jun 1983 (CHF.Rowell); 1 female paratype, mon with some fuscous markings on lower
vertex, disc and posterior parts of lateral lobes with elongated, triangular fastigium, its sur- same data as holotype except date and collec- parts of face and on genae; pronotum cinna-
of pronotum, thoracic pleurae and sides of face slightly excavated, lateral carinulae start- tor, 27 _Jul 1993 (HE.Braker) (PHILADELPHIA). mon with rather large fuscous areas on ante-
tegmina, the latter darker basally, getting ing at internal sides of eyes sharply delimit its Those m the type-series are the only speci- rior margin, lateral lobes and on metazona.
gradually lighter-colored toward tips: in such lateral margins, anteriorly joining lateral mens known. t~gmina, hin? fen:io_ra and abdomen uniforml;
individuals also the upper surface and upper carinulae of frontal costa which upper ends Dis~ribution.~(Fig. 69). The only place of c1i:namon; hmd tibiae of same color sprinkled
halves of external sides of hind femora may be closely contiguous are seen from above mark- collection for this species is the northernmost with chestnut. Phallic complex (Fig. 58): cin-
uniformly fuscous or show 4 or 5 fuscous bands ing a slight median incision at tip of fastigium locality on record for any phaeopariine grass- gulum of. a peculiar form, with apodemes
separated by lighter-colored areas. Hind wings (Fig. 55); frons in lateral view strongly slanting hopper (1000• N) and also the westernmost la~gely um_ted medially, and its posterior end
have bases of remigium and most of vannal backwards (Fig. 44), almost straight but slightly one (84°00' W) wide and bifurcated; apical endophallic valves
region strongly tinged with scarlet, while their concave; eyes long and narrow, its longer di- Identif~cation.-Most morphological char- short and wi~h modified apices; epiphallus of
,1 apical parts are transparent but slightly tinged ameter equal to distance from lower margin to acter~ o~ importance are given in the generic the Phaeoparza-type, with low lophi as seen in
;1 with cinnamon. descnpt10n and corresponding figures. Chro- frontal view.
anterior mandibular articulation in female,
Note on gut contents.-Specimen from about twice this distance in male; pronotal
Chapada dos Guimaraes (Mato Grosso, Brasil) disk with front edge slightly emarginated me-
showed mostly grass remains. Another speci- dially, posterior one projected backwards in
men from Venezuela, Canaima, contained re- an obtuse angle, truncated at apex; median
mains of Gramineae with rhombic-shaped sto- carina marked only on metazona, lateral ones
mata, rectangular cells with sinuate walls, absent, limits with lateral lobes rounded in
mono- and bi-cellular hairs.
\
female, angular in male; hind tibiae with ex-
ternal apical spine present but somewhat re- \
\'
[Abila (?) collaris Bruner 1908] duced in both sexes; abdominal terminalia in
Abila(?) collaris Bruner 1908: 275. male (Fig. 44) with wide furculae placed close
together, their apices pointing to the sides;
In describing this species, Bruner indicated
cerci slightly incurved, rather compressed,
that it might belong to a genus different from
wide in lateral view; epiproct triangular, with
Abila. In Bruner 1911: 97, this species is made apical portion slightly narrower than basal 8 Rowellia costaricensis
the type of the genus Adelotettix (Acrididae,
Proctolabinae) thus eliminating this species
altogether from the Romaleidae.
one but not sharply differentiated from it;
subgenital plate as seen from above long, ~ii!j:· ~:~::~:. c;:~~:i~:::i~, :;'.e, habitus. Holotype from Costa Rica, Heredia, Puerto
acutely pointed. Ovipositor of the soil-laying
....------------------------~~-

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

32 33

12. PHAEOPARIA Stal 1873

them in the present genus until more is known Phaeoparia Maculiparia
about the whole group.
The genus Phaeoparia is here represented Apical outer spine of the hind tibiae: Apical outer spine of the hind tibiae:
Phaeoparia Stal 1873: 36,56, in part (P. lineaalba only); 1878:
mainly by a number of closely related species Present in nearly all species, at least in Lacking in nearly all species.
21. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893: 138. Giglio Tos
1898: 46. Bruner 1908: 277 (species key). Jago 1980: 218 which are assembled in the "Lineaalba" spe- some individuals. Tends to be more constant
(redescription, redefinition and division of genus). in long-winged species than in short-
cies group. Those of the "Phrygana", winged ones.
Rowell 1987 (ecology, Costa Rican species).
"Amblyceps" and "Megacephala" species
Saparus Giglio Tos 1898: 47,60. Type species, Saparus
aequatorialis Giglio Tos, by monotypy. Rehn, 1913: groups differ from the former in some charac- Tenth abdominal tergite of males: Tenth abdominal tergite of males:
101. Synonymy by Jago 1980: 218 ters, but seem on the whole closer to Phaeoparia With deep angular excision reaching to Excision of tergite 10 generally not
than to any of the other genera in the tribe. back edge of tergite 9.
reaching posterior edge of tergite 9,
Etymology.-Greek, phaeos =dusky-brown Identification.-Long-winged and capable of sometimes with a longitudinal sulcus at
+ pario, pareion =cheek; probably alluding to flight, with tegmina and wings surpassing end midline (M. terramar and alejomesai excepted)
the conspicuous brown post-ocular and genal of abdomen and tips of hind femora, or
band present in all species known by Stal. brevialate, with tegmina reaching only the Male cerci: Male cerci:
Si~ple, conical, straight or slightly
Type species.-Gryllus (Locusta) linea-alba posterior edge of first abdominal tergite Scul~tured, angulate and inwardly bent,
mcurved.
Linnaeus 1764, selected by Kirby 1910: 425. (shorter only in P. phrygana}. Tegument gener- with a bulbous apex (M ariariensis,
ally dull, pitted or even rugose, may be smooth alejomesai and guyanensis excepted)
NOTE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THIS GENUS on face and abdomen. General shape elon- Male epiproct:
gated and rather compressed. Tegmina in long- Male epiproct:
Simple, triangular, sometimes with a Usually_ complex, usually lacking teeth
Under Phaeoparia, a considerable number winged species with apices obliquely and con- pair of weak teeth on disc, slightly more on disc but with marginal teeth or hooks.
of rather heterogeneous species used to be cavely truncated, always marked with oblique angulate laterally in long-winged species Basal part wide, subrectangular; apical part
grouped. Jago (1980) divided it, separating line of white maculae (linea alba) such as de- (P. rondoni, ambliceps, megacephala na~row and tongue-like (except M. ariariensis
from the assemblage of these species a certain scribed above under "taxonomic characters" and monnei excepted) ale;omesaz, guyanensis).
number under the new generic name (Figs. 39 F, 40), frequently with opaque, dark
Maculiparia. At the same time he synonymized maculations (not smooth and shiny) as men- Male subgenital plate: Male subgenital plate:
Acutely pointed (P. carrascoi and
under Phaeoparia the generic names Aristia and tioned in same section (Fig. 39B). In short- Rounded or parabolic with squared-off
phrygana atypical). apex (M. alejomesai atypical)
Saparus. While the latter is obviously a junior winged species, tegmina are of different shapes
synonym of Phaeoparia, I consider Aristia as a in different species (Fig. 42). Head rather large, Fastigium of Vertex:
distinct genus for the reasons given below eyes large, elongated, prominent. Antennae Fastigium of Vertex:
Acute as seen from above. In side view Blunt as seen from above. In side view
when referring to it. The characters given by from slightly to decidedly ensiform, rarely rounding into frons, which is prominent sloping steeply down from union with
Jago (op. cit.) to define the genera Phaeoparia filiform. Fastigium as seen from above ap- before eyes
frons, not prominent before eyes.
and Maculiparia, while adequate for the spe- proximately equal to width of interocular
cies known at that time, do not hold good for space, in lateral view roundly curving into Tegmina: Tegmina:
all the new species here described. Both gen- face which is decidedly convex and prominent Immaculate or lightly maculate in darker Always bearing polished black
era have to be redefined for that purpose. in front of upper parts of eyes and between brown. Never with shiny black spots. maculations in females. Usually so
Their differences can be summarized as in the bases of antennae, more straight below, its in males.
table on the following page. profile below the antennal bases thus slightly
The above separation of Phaeoparia and to decidedly concave in most cases. Frontal p~etely marked, without lateral carinae, its
all_ cases, especially in long-winged species,
Maculiparia shows that both genera merge in costa very prominent, deeply excavated and disk rounding into the lateral lobes. Pronotal
bemg more constant in females than in males·
certain characters in some of their species. limited laterally by high carinulae from union disk with f~ont edge straight or slightly con- in individuals of the same species this spin~
These species with intermediate combinations with fastigium to median ocellus, from this ve_x, ~omehmes very slightly emarginated at may be well developed, reduced, rudimen-
of characters have been difficult to place. Blunt- point down to frontoclypeal suture these midlme; posterior edge produced caudad in tary, vestigial or lacking altogether. Caudal
ness of head and black maculation of tegmina carinulae less marked and surface of frontal an obtuse a~gle in long-winged species, may margin of tenth abdominal tergum in males
in females and presence or absence of external costa wider and only shallowly excavated. be so or medially emarginated in short-winged always with furculae usually small and of
apical spine of hind femora have been consid- Lateral carinae of face well marked from be- ones. Front and middle legs not especially l~bular form, this margin usually deeply in-
ered as most important in doubtful cases. Some hind antennal sockets to their union with robust, hind ones long, well developed their cised at midline, this incision reaching or not
species, such as M. terramar, M alejomesai an_d frontoclypeal suture slightly in front of ante- fem ora wit· h l ong1tudmal
· · '
carinae prominent the hind margin of the ninth tergum (but this
M. ariariensis might deserve separate generic rior mandibular articulations. Pronotum with the mid-dorsal one always serrulated in dif~ condition being more or less apparent de-
state, but it has seemed preferable to maintain median carina obsolete or slightly and incom- fe~ent degrees, the outer dorsal frequently so. pending on degree of imbrication of abdomi-
Hmd rb·I iae wit · h outer apical
· . in almost
spme nal segments in different individuals). Male
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL 37
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
36
1976 (M.Descamps); 4 m 5 f Pied Saut Parare,
13 . Phaeoparia lineaalba (Linnaeus 1764) Sep 1977 (M.Descamps); 1 m, Saint Marcel,
Camp Coulevre, Mar 1976(M.Descamps);1 m
This appears to be a polytypical species.
1 f, Mt. Matoury, May 1979 (T.Deuve), 4 f
Among the materials at hand I have recog-
Camoupi, Mar 1976 (M.Descamps), 1 f, Saut
nized three subspecies. Maripa, Mar 1976 (M.Descamps) (PARIS, RIO DE
JANEIRO, PHILADELPHIA). . .
13a. Phaeoparia lineaalba lineaalba
Of Truxalis sanguineus, a specimen m
(Linnaeus) Figs. 9, 10, 39, 40, 46, 55, 60, 75,
UPPSALA, badly damaged, seems to be a fe-
Tables Sa, Sb male, only the thorax and wings are left .. of
Opomala castanea, a male in the WIEN collect10n
Gryllus L[ocusta] linea-alba Linnaeus 1764: 150
Phaeoparia linea-alba; Stal 1873: 57, 1878: 57. Bruner.1908: is probably the holotype, and was l~~eled a~
278, 1910: 477, 1913: 489 (in part, only the specimens such by myself in 1966. Labeled 1-1027
from Surinam). Kirby 1910: 425. Liebermann 1955: "1027" "coll. Br. v. W." "Paramaribo, Thorey,
340, 1963: 63. Descamps and Amedegnato .1970: 884. ded" "det Br. v. W. Phaeoparia castanea".
Descamps 1976: 297 (ecology), 1979: 313 (d1str.). Jago
r
Of Xiphocera auroripennis, there.is a f~m~le Phaeoparia
1980: 219. Mesa et al 1983: 517 (chromosomes).
Marshall 1983: 381,389 (type specimen). Chapman specimen in WIEN, labeled "X. auripenms [sic] 9 lineaalba lineaalba
1988: 322, 325 (bionomics). Burm. Surinam" "7702" "coll. Br. v. W.
Truxalis sanguineus Thunberg 1815: 270, 1827: 80. Syn- Surinam, coll. Sommer". It coincides with
Fig. 9. Phaeoparia lineaalba lineaalba, male, habitus. Neoparatype from French Guiana, Mana River. This figure
onymy by Stal 1873: 57 . Burmeister's description and is probably the
Xiphocera auroripennis Burmeister 1838: 613. Walker 1870. represents also the subspecies deceptrix and deludens, which can be distinguished from the nominate one only by
holotype, I labeled it as such in 1966. details descnbed and figured elsewhere. Also the species P. aequatorialis and P. tingomariae are very similar in general
521 Of Phaeoparia boliviana, a male and a female aspect. Scale line 5 mm.
Xiphophora auroripennis; Kirby 1910: 365. Descamps and
Amedegnato 1970: 863. New synonymy. in PHILADELPHIA, the male labeled "Bolivia,
Opomala castanea Brunner von Wattenwyl 1861: 225. Prov. del Sara, 450 malt., J. Steinbach" is here
Walker 1871: 52. designated as hololectotype. ~he female is la- Herrera on Rio Ucayali; Tamshiyacu on tinctive than females, the latter being best
Phaeoparia castanea; Stal 1878: 57. Bruner 1908: 278, 1919: Amazonas River; Iquitos; Yurimaguas; Pacaya
beled "Quatro Ojos [Cuatro 01os], Dept. Santa identified by association with the correspond-
74. Kirby 1910: 425. Descamps and Amedegnato 1970:
Cruz, Bolivia, Steinbach. Nov 1913". This type Samiria Natural Reserve, Rio Samiria, [05°13'5, ing males. In males the most important char-
864. Jago 1980: 219. New synonymy.
Phaeoparia boliviana Bruner 1910: 74. Jago 1980: 219. New apparently overlooked by Otte (197S). 74°38'W]. Dept. Madre de Dios: Pakitza on Rio acters are in the abdominal terminalia and the
synonymy. Specimens examined.-This s~ems to be the Manu [11°56'5, 71°13'W]; Tambopata, 30 km phallic complex. The first (Figs. 10, 46) shows
most common, abundant and widespread spe- SSW of Puerto Maldonado. Dept. Huanuco: small lobiform furculae angulated laterally;
Types.-Linnaeus' type seem~ to be lost .. I cies of the genus, and probably of the whole Aucayacu; Leonpampa. ECUADOR. Prov. posterior margin of 10th abdominal tergite
was unable to find among the Lmnean speci- tribe. 210 specimens examined from the .fol- Napo (several places around Tena); Also speci- appears interrupted at midline between the
mens any which could represent this specie~, lowing localities: FRENCH GUIANA _(besi~es mens marked only "Ecuador". BOLIVIA. Dept. furculae, but in specimens where the abdo-
and Marshall (19S3) mentions that no maten- those of the above-mentioned neotypic senes) Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Prov. Sara [now Prov. men is fully expanded it can be seen that it
als assignable to this species were found eith~r Charven; Nouveau Chantier; La Foresti~re, St. Gutierrez]; Cuatro Ojos; Rio Japacani; Prov. may be very narrow but continuous in that
in the Linnaeus collection in London or m Jean de Maroni; St. Laurent de Marom; Cay- Ichilo, Buena Vista. Dates of collection from place, and appear cut only when this part is
Uppsala. No locality for it is ~ent~oned in t~e enne; Sikini-Oyapock; Itani-Antecume~ata; January to December. Registered altitudes hidden by the hind margin of the 9th segment.
original publication. Considering that m Saut Maripa-Oyapock; Mana River. from sea level to 850 m. (PARIS, PHILADELPHIA, Cerci conical and always incurved. Epiproct
Linnaeus' times that type specimen was m~re SURINAM. Paramaribo; Moengo Bowen on ANN ARBOR, BERLIN, WASHING TON, RIO DE sub-triangular, with apical part slightly nar-
probably collected in the coast of S. Am~nca Cottica River; Saracacca. COLOMBIA. Dept. JANEIRO). rower than basal one, the edges of the latter
than inland, and also that this author received Amazonas: Rio Igara Parana, 30 km down- Distribution.-(Fig. 75) Together with the thickened and forming a small elevation at the
and identified insects from Surinam, I have stream from La Chorrera. BRASIL. Amazonas species of the "Bolivari" group of Abila, this is place where the epiproct narrows to the apical
,. selected a neotype from coastal Guyano-Ama- State: Tabatinga; Manacapuru; Fonteboa; Ben- one of very wide distribution, though limited part; there is also a slight furrow indicating a
.....
·"
.> zonian region, close to the border of French jamin Constant; Igara Jacana; Rio Purus; Teffe. to the Guyano-Amazonian area. It is also an partial separation between basal and apical
J, Guiana and Brasil. Neo-holotype, a male from Para State: Obidos; Santarem. Amapa State: abundant one, as judged by the large numbers parts of epiproct. Subgenital plate pointed
f,; FRENCH GUIANA, Trois Sauts (Oyapock) 2- Macapa; Porto Platon; Serra do ~avio. Mato of specimens stored in all collections. caudad, but not very markedly so. Phallic
6 Apr. 1976 (M.Descamps) (PARIS); Grosso State: Municipio R10 Branco; Identification.-A few characters can be used complex (Fig. 60): epiphallus with anchorae
neoparatypes, 14 m, S f, same data ~s neo- Diamantino. Rondonia State: Ouro Preto do to identify this subspecies within this rather acute and incurved; lophi rather low, more or
holotype; 1 m Camp Pinot, betw. Trois Sauts Oeste; Porto Velho. PERU. Dept. Loreto: Confl. uniform species-group. Males are more dis- less evenly rounded superiorly in frontal view;
and Mt. Saint Marcel, 3 m, 2 f, Sinnamary, Jul Zumun and Yahuasyacu rivers; Genaro
,.......------------------~-
'
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 39
38
State; Gramineae only, several species.
ventrolateral plates very large; apical Specimens of doubtful Identification.-! have P· 1. deceptrix
endophallic valves in dorsal view wide, spoon- examined a series of specimens from various
like and overlapping. Females are among the Peruvian localities which differ slightly from P. l. lineaalba
largest phaeopariines. Chromatic characters typical P. l. lineaalba in some characters of
are similar in both sexes. Both are predomi- abdominal male terminalia and in the shape of
nantly brown, the lightest parts from buff to the apical valves of the endophallus. They
clay-color, the darkest ones from raw-umber may represent one or two different subspe-
to fuscous. Some parts like the under side of cies, but the materials at hand have not al-
the antennae, outer inferior sulci of hind femora lowed me to reach a definite conclusion about
and all or parts of inner pagina of same, coxae their taxonomic status. Additional collecting
of all legs, thoracic sterna are particularly dark, in the very large Amazonian watershed of the
from fuscous to dusky-brown or even black. Peruvian and Bolivian Andes would indeed
There is a very constant black mark on upper provide valuable information about the status
part of inner side of hind femora, very close to of this species and its geographical variation
their basis, but this feature is shared by other in the area. Following is a list of these speci- P. l. lineaalba P. 1. deludens
species. In many individuals the vertex of head,
disk of prothorax and upper (anal) surfaces of mens. PERU. 13 m, 7 f [prob. Dept. Pasco, eastern
tegmina are distinctly lighter than rest of body, part] Feb 1930 (MA.Carriker) (PHILADELPHIA).
frequently buff to buff-yellow, but in more Dpto. Pasco: 1 m, 2 f, Oxapampa, Dec 1931
melanic individuals these parts are concolor (BERLIN); 1 m, Tambo Eneftas (prob. Dept.
with rest of body surface and sides of tegmina. Pasco) Pichis Trail 4 Jul 1920. Dpto. Junin: 1 m,
Color is never uniform, and darker maculae, Chanchamayo, Oct 1906 (PHILADELPHIA); 2 m,
sometimes considerably large, are to be seen 2 f, 11° 03' S, 78° 17' W, 1800 m, 24 Feb 1906
especially on sides of tegmina, but also on (N .Iconnicoff) [coordinates correspond to a
other parts of body and legs. Hind wings are place near town of La Merced, Dept. Junin, in
generally tinged with yellow, but specimens modern maps]. (ANN ARBOR). Dpto. Cusco: 1
10
with pinkish wings are found. The females of m, Marcapata (no other data) (PHILADEL-
this species show, like most species in the PHIA); 1 m, Quincemil, 760 m, 20-30Oct1962
tribe, the mid-dorsal carina of the hind femur (LE.Pena) (ANN ARBOR). Also 1 m marked Fig. 10. Dorsal views of end of male abdom . b .
serrulated, but also the outer dorsal one show "Huagamba", locality not found on maps, of P. l. lineaalba, specimen from Brasil Arna en in sTu bspec1es of Phaeoparia lineaalba (as indicated). First drawing
F h · ' zonas, a atmga·secondd · f
some serration which in other species of the renc Gmana, Mana River. Furculae are character1·st· f , b . rawmg o same subspecies, specimen from
ic or su species.
probably in PERU (BERLIN).
genus is very weak or lacking altogether. The
external apical spine of the hind tibiae can be 13b. Phaeoparia lineaalba deceptrix n. ssp. cave sides ..Phallic complex (Fig. 60) shows Type.-Male holotype, BRASIL Amazonas
present or absent, if present may vary from
normal to reduced, rudimentary or vestigial.
Figs. [9], 10, 60, 75, Table 9 also son:~ differences, especially in the shape S~ate, "Jutai" (BR 319, km 369), Apr 1979 (B.
and position of the apical endophallic valves. Silva). Paratypes, 6 m 12 f, same data (RIO DE
A study of this character in 110 specimens Etymology.-(Latin) deceitful, alluding to I have not f?und features to separate the JANEIRO), BRASIL). Amazonas State: 3 m 3 f
gave the following results: its similarity with the nominate subspecies. fema.les of this subspecies from those of the "Jutai", Oct 1977 (M.Descamps, }.Becker)· 2 ~
Males, n = 60 Females, n = 50
Types.-Male holotype, BRASIL, Amazonas nomi~ate one. Hind wings in the specimens 2 f, "Jut~i", Sep 1978 (J.Becker, B.Silva); { m 2
State, Santo Antonio do l<;:a, Aug 1948 examined are very pale yellow, some almost f,.Humaita, Aug 1980 (GS.Andrade); 2 m, 3 f,
amount % amount % (CS.Carbonell). Paratypes, 1 m 4 f, same data colorless. All specimens examined lack the Rw Pret~ de Igapo A<;:u (BR 319, km 245) Dec
3· (RIO DE JANEIRO). Only the type series is known. exte.rnal apical spine on the hind tibiae. Chro- 1978 (B.Silva) (RIO DE JANEIRO); 20m12 f "Jutai",
2 3% 6%
With spine (reduced) Identification.-There is a constant differ-
With rudiments of spine 14 23% 22 44% matic characters as in nominate subspecies. Oc~-Nov l977 (M.Descamps) (PARIS); This lo-
44 73% 25 50% ence with the nominate subspecies in the ab-
Without spine cality called "Jutai" is not the Jutai on the
dominal terminalia of the males. As shown in l~c. Phaeoparia lineaalba deludens n ssp ~aps, which is much farther west, on the
The above points to this spine being more Fig. 10, the shape of the furculae is quite differ- Figs.[9], 10, 60, 75, Table 10 · · River Jutai, but a small place on Highway BR
persistent in the females than in the males. ent, and also the epiproct shows some differ- 3.19, km 369, in the general area between the
Note on gut contents.-Specimen from French ences, its basal part being more square and its Ety~ology.-(Latin) deceiver, like in the nvers Purus and Madeira. There is also 1 m
GUIANA, Oyapock; only pieces of insect in- apical one more differentiated and with con- ~re~ed~ng c~se, alluding to its misleading collect~d by Roman on the River Purus, which
tegument. Specimen from Brazil, Rondonia milanty with the nominate subspecies. I have identified, with doubts, as belonging to
40 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
this subspecies (PHILADELPHIA). Only the above
specimens known.
Distribution, biogeography.-(Fig. 75). This
subspecies has only been found in an area
south of the Amazon and west of the Madeira
Rivers. In the south side of the Amazonas, the
Madeira River is a barrier for many species of
insects, which are found only either east or
west of it. It is a very large river, but what
seems more important is that it runs in a de-
pression which continues to the south by the
valleys of the Guapore-Mamore rivers, the last
one having its source right in the limit of the
Amazonian and the Parana-Paraguay basins.
So the Madeira-Guapore-Mamore system, con-
tinued to the south by the basin of the Para-
guay River, forms a natural boundary of low
lands between the Brazilian highlands on the
east, and the Andean region in the west. This
may explain its biogeographical significance.
The areas east and west of the Madeira River in
the southern Amazonian Basin have been rec-
ognized as different provinces of the Amazo-
nian region by biogeographers. Miiller (1972)
has named the first as Amazonian center and
the second as the Madeira center.
Identification.- Its main differences with
the other subspecies lie in the male terminalia
and the phallic complex. The first (Fig. 10),
shows furculae of different shape, though
much nearer to the form found in P. l. deceptrix
than in that of P. l. lineaalba. Shape of the
epiproct is also slightly different. In the phallic
complex (Fig. 60) the main difference lies in
the shape of the apical valves of the
endophallus, which cannot be mistaken for
those of any of the other subspecies. I have not
found characters which would allow separat-
ing its females from those of the other subspe-
cies. Hind wings in all the available specimens
are pink-colored, especially near wing-bases.
The hind tibiae of 16 males and 20 females
have been examined for the presence of the
external apical spine. It has been found present,
mostly in reduced or rudimentary form in 63%
of the males and in 35% of the females, absent
in 37% of the males and 65% of the females.
Chromatic characters as in nominate subspe-
cies.
14. Phaeoparia aequatorialis (Giglio Tos 1898)
Figs. [9], 40, 46, 55, 60, 77, Table 11
Saparus aequatorialis Giglio Tos 1898: 61. Kirby 1910: 431.
Rehn 1913: 101 (notes on the female sex;
misidentification?). Campos 1923: 25.
Phaeoparia aequatorialis; Jago 1980: 219
Type.-Male holotype from Ecuador, Valle
del Santiago (TORINO). The locality "Valle del
Santiago" has been reported as being in Peru,
because most of the Santiago River runs in
what is now Peruvian territory. However, the
upper Rio Santiago, from the confluence of the
rivers Zamora and Namangoza which form it,
to the point where it turns South, is in Ecua-
dorian territory. Since the localities of collec-
tion of Giglio Tos' Ecuadorian specimens lie in
the same general area, it seems most probable
that this type came from within the present
limits of Ecuador.
Specimens examined.-ECUADOR. 1 m, [no
precise locality] 1900 (Haensch) (BERLIN). Prov.
Napo: 1 m Coca [now Puerto Francisco de
Orellana], May 1965 (LE.Pena); 2 f, Santa Cecilia
on Rio Aguarico,Jul 1966(C.Patrick);1m8 km
SE of Tena (TH.Hubbell, LE.Pena); Prov.
Pastaza: 1 m Shell-Mera on Rio Pastaza, May
1963 (TH.Hubbell, LE.Pena)(ANN ARBOR) Prov.
Napo; 1 m, 1 f, betw. rivers Rumiyacu and
Tiputini, Pindo, Mar 1995 (S.Poulain)(PARIS).
COLOMBIA. Dept. Putumayo: 3 m, road from
El Paujil to Orito, Nov 1968 (M.Descamps).
Dept. Amazonas: 3 m 1 f, Rio Igara Parana, 30
km downstream from La Chorrera, Jun-Jul
1974 (M.Descamps) (PARIS). PERU. Dept.
Loreto: 5 m 4 f, Rio Yubineto, Jul-Aug 1978
(M.Descamps); 2 m 2 f, Rio Yubineto, Apr 1978
(S.Poulain); 1 f, Purma de los Antiguos, [a
place not on maps, on Yubineto River, near its
mouth on the Putumayo] Jan 1978 (S.Poulain);
2 m, Genaro Herrera on Rio Ucayali [upstream
from the town of Bagazan], Nov 1981
(S.Poulain); 1 m, Rio Ampiyacu, Estir6n, Dec
1982 (S.Poulain); 2 m, Genaro Herrera, Oct
1991 (S.Poulain) (PARIS); 1 m, Yurimaguas on
Huallaga River Apr 1920 (HS.Parish); 1 f,
Iquitos, Mar 1920 (H.S.Parish); 1 f, Palo Seco,
Rio Itaya, nr. Iquitos, Aug. 1983 (P.Stern)
(PHILADELPHIA); Dpto. Junin: 1 f, Tarina, 1600-
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
3000 malt., Mar 1948 (F.Woytkowski) (ANN
ARBOR); Dept. Pasco or Junin: 2 m, Tambo
Enenas to Dos de Mayo, Mar and Jul 1930
(MA.Carriker); Dept. Amazonas: 2 m, Rio
Santiago Nov 1923 (H.Bassler); Dept. San Mar-
tin, Achinamiza, Aug 1927 (H.Bassler) (NEW
YORK).
Distribution.-(Fig. 77). This species occu-
pies the western area of the Amazonian basin,
against the eastern slope of the Andes, in parts
of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In some places
it is sympatric with P. lineaalba lineaalba.
Identification.- P. aequatorialis is very
closely related to P.lineaalba but more neatly
separated from it than the subspecies men-
tioned above, and seems to have reached true
specific status. Its sympatry in some areas
with P.lineaalba lineaalba also points to its be-
ing a different species. Males and females can
be distinguished from P. lineaalba by its more
prominent frontal cos ta in the portion between
the fastigium and the median ocellus (Fig. 46).
Also the fastigium in dorsal view shows dif-
ferences as shown in Figs. 46, 55. Males have a
definitely different abdominal terminalia (Fig.
46): hind margin of the 10th abdominal ter-
gum has no definite furculae but two slight
undulations in their place; cerci are conical,
thicker at their bases than those of P. lineaalba
and quite straight, not incurved like in the
former. Epiproct is definitely triangular, its
sides straight, and its apical portion practi-
cally undifferentiated in shape. External api-
cal spine of the hind tibiae: in 22 specimens
examined (16 m and 6 f) it has been found
absent in 100% of the males and in 83% of the
females. In its phallic complex (Fig. 60), the
main differences lie in the form and disposi-
tion of the apical valves of the endophallus,
which are narrower than in P. lineaalba and not
spoon-like. Chromatic characters as in P.
lineaalba.
15. Phaeoparia tingomariae n. sp.
Figs. [9], 40, 46, 55, 61, 75, Table 12
Etymology.-From Tingo Maria, the name
of a small Peruvian town in which neighbor-
hood all the known specimens were found.
Type.-Holotype male from PERU, Dept.
41
Huanuco, Tingo Maria, Las Delicias, Sep 1978
(M.Descamps) (PARIS). Paratypes, from PERU.
Dpto. Huanuco: 1 m, Tingo Maria,
Chinchavito, Aug. 1978 (M.Descamps); 2 m,
Tingo Maria, Catumba-Las Palmas, Sector
Derrepente, 750-1500 m alt., Aug 1978
(M.Descamps); 1 m, Tingo Maria, Bosque de la
Universidad Sep 1978 (M.Descamps) (PARIS).
Also 1 f, from Tingo Maria, May-Jun 1952
(P.Araoz) (WASHINGTON) has been labeled as
this species with doubts since, as in other
species of the genus, no characters have been
found to identify the females.
Distribution.-(Fig. 75). Little is known
about its possible distribution, except for its
type-locality.
Identification.-Very similar to P. lineaalba,
but males have constant differences in ab-
dominal terminalia (Fig. 46): furculae are dis-
tinctly lobiform, rather narrow and long, cerci
are incurved but rather thick at bases; epiproct
triangular, its lateral margins rather straight,
not modified in apical part, a transversal
curved carina marks a division into a basal
and an apical part, this carina well marked
and armed with four small tubercles; also in
the edges of the apical part, there are two
small tubercles, one on each side. In the phal-
lic complex (Fig. 61), the epiphallus is mark-
edly different from those in other members of
the genus, having much higher lophi, as seen
in frontal view, with small black tubercles on
its edge, a feature not seen in any other species
of Phaeoparia s. str. Fastigium (Fig. 55) and
tegmina (Fig. 40) show also differences from
other species of the genus. All the specimens
examined lack the external apical spine on the
hind tibiae. Chromatic characters as in P.
lineaalba.
16. Phaeoparia rondoni n. sp.
Figs. 11, 40, 46, 55, 61, 75, Table 13
Etymology.- Dedicated to the memory of
marshal Candido Rondon (after whom the
state of Rondonia is named). Of Amerindian
origin, he was in his lifetime the outstanding
protector of his people.
Type.-Holotype, a male from Brasil, State
of Rondonia, Vilhena, Oct. 1960 (O.Roppa,
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL
42
J. Becker). A female para type from Brasil, State
of Para, Serra dos Carajas, Feb 1988 (O.Roppa,
P.Magno) (RIO DE JANEIRO). Collection locali-
ties of these two specimens are some 1200 km
apart. However, their similarity makes it very
probable that they are conspecific. The above-
mentioned are the only specimens known.
Distribution.-(Fig. 75). If what has been
considered as the female paratype is really
conspecific with the holotype, this species
has a rather wide distribution in the SE of the
Amazonian basin.
Identification.- A very distinctive species
within its genus. Males markedly smaller
than those of P. lineaalba, and more slender
than those in most of the preceding species
(Fig. 11); its tegmina (Fig. 40) narrower and
Phaeoparia rondoni concavely truncated at apices. Fastigium as
11 seen from above (Fig. 55) with lateral
carinulae converging anteriorly in an acute
angle instead of roundly as in other species.
Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 46) shows
Fig. 11. Phaeoparia rondoni, male, habitus. Holotype from Brasil, Rondonia Vilhena. Scale line 5 mm. hind margin of 10th abdominal tergite with
wide, triangular and rather acutely pointed
furculae; cerci simple, conical, slightly
incurved and rather bluntly rounded apically:
epiproct notably short and wide as compared
with that of preceding species, basal part
with rounded lateral edges, apical part mark-
edly narrower than the former, short, trian-
gular but rounded apically: two triangular
paramedian tubercles in the limit of basal
and apical parts; subgenital plate acutely
pointed caudad. Phallic complex (Fig. 61):
epiphallus with very flat lophi, cingulum
with very wide apodemes; apical valves of
endophallus flat and compressed, in dorsal
view incurved and converging apically. Fe-
male has lateral carinulae of fastigium meet-
ing forward in a less acute more rounded
angle than male. Both sexes with median
carina on pronotal disc discretely marked
12 Phaeoparia depressicornis
throughout: anterior edge of disc slightly
emarginated in the middle, posterior one pro-
duced caudad in a very obtuse angle, broadly
Fig. 12. Phaeoparia depressicornis, male, habitus. Specimen from Costa Rica, Limon, Valley la rounded medially. Chromatic characters are
Estrella, Vesta. Scale line 5 mm. distinctive of the species and in general simi-
lar in both sexes: general color lighter than in
preceding species, mostly drab to clay-color,
43
dark maculations on body and tegmina gener-
ally absent, very faintly marked in male; post-
ocular-genal dark band marked only on its up-
per and anterior margins, much fainter in fe-
male; dark band on lateral lobes of pronotum
limited to their very upper parts, at limit with
disk: small black tubercles present sparsely on
top of head, disk of pronotum and carinae of
hind femora; ventral sulci of the latter and infe-
rior surfaces of middle femora tinged with
brownish-olive. Other dark markings generally
present in other species of genus conspicuously
absent, such as black on ventral surface of an-
tennae, which are limited to scape and pedicel
in male and only to scape in female, but absent
in flagellum in both. Also without black on
interior pagina of hind femora, on which even
the black macula notorious in other species near
the basis of the internal face of hind femora is
lacking altogether. Also black or dark areas on
thoracic sterna are here limited to small spots
near edges of same in female, to narrow mar-
ginal bands in male. External apical spines of
hind tibiae present in both specimens.
17. Phaeoparia depressicornis (Bruner 1908)
Figs. 12, 40, 47, 55, 61, 69, Table 14
Aristia depressicornis Bruner 1908: 277. Kirby 1910: 425.
Rehn and Hebard 1912: 120. Hebard 1924a: 129. Otte
1978: 28 (type material).
Phaeoparia depressicornis; Jago 1980: 219.
Type.-Holotype, a male nymph, probably
oflastnymphal stage, from COSTA RICA, [Prov.
Cartago] Juan Vinas, March (L.Bruner) (PHILA-
DELPHIA).
Specimens examined. COSTA RICA. Prov. Li-
mon: 3 m 1 f, La Emilia, near Guapiles (1000 ft)
Aug 1923; 1 m, Estrella Valley, Apr. 1916
(CH.Lankester); 1m1 f, Estrella Valley (200 ft,)
Aug. 1923; 1m1 f, Vasta Farm, Estrella Valley,
Sep 1923; Progreso, Finca Canton (tree fall clear-
ing, 2nd growth, 300 m). PANAMA. 1 m, Porto
Bello, Aug. 1916 (DE.Harrower) (PHILADELPHIA
and RIO DE JANEIRO).
Distribution.-(Fig. 69). It has already been
indicated that this species, while morphologi-
cally related to the rest in the same group, is the
most divergent. Its habitat in Central America

44 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
also marks an important difference.
Identification.- Clearly different from the
previously mentioned species (Fig. 12). An-
tennae notably long in males (see Table 14).
Pronotum in male (Fig. 47) with definitely
angular division between disc and lateral
lobes, this feature reminds of that condition
in Aristia mordax, and was probably the cause
of this species being assigned to that genus
by its author. However, most other charac-
ters are definitely of Phaeoparia. In females,
the line of separation between disk and lat-
eral lobes is much less marked; median dor-
sal carina of pronotal disk in both sexes higher
than in other species of the genus, especially
on metazona: present also but less prominent
between anterior margin and first transverse
sulcus. Anterior margin of disc slightly
emarginated in both sexes Tegmina (Figs. 12,
40) wider in proportion to their length than
in any other species. External apical spine on
hind tibiae generally present in males and
females. Abdominal terminalia in male (Fig.
47) with furculae short and acute: cerci coni-
cal and straight: epiproct simple and triangu-
lar: sub genital plate not very acutely pointed.
Phallic complex (Fig. 61): epiphallus with
long anchorae, lophi low, of a peculiar, angu-
lar contour in frontal view; in lateral view the
epiphallus shows a characteristic form. Cin-
gulum with very wide apodemes; apical
valves of the endophallus acute and diver-
gent at apices. Chromatic characters. Similar
to those of Phaeoparia lineaalba, males have
usually the upper part of head, pronotum
and tegmina of a lighter color than the rest of
the body: females have these areas of a darker
color, similar to sides of body and tegmina.
Hind wings pink in color.
Affinities.-When compared with the other
species of the Lineaalba species group, the
present one seems closer to P. aequatorialis
than to the rest of them.
B. PHRYGANA SPECIES GROUP
Includes only Phaeoparia phrygana. This
species has some features that set it apart
from all others in the genus, such as its nearly
filiform antennae, greatly reduced tegmina
,
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
45
and the emarginated front and posterior edges
of the pronotal disk. It might deserve separate
generic status, but on the other hand the shape
of its head and male abdominal terminalia are
Phaeoparia-like. Its fastigium in dorsal view is
shaped like that of Phaeoparia rondoni, found at
the southern end of the distribution of this
genus. Its color pattern, with its light-colored
areas on the lower parts of the lateral pronotal
lobes, is like the one in the Megacephala spe-
cies-group.
18. Phaeoparia phrygana Jago 1980
Figs. 13, 42, 47, 55, 58, 69, Table 15
Phaeoparia phrygana Jago 1980: 222
Type.-Holotype male from Costa Rica, Prov. 13 Phaeoparia phrygana
Puntarenas, San Vito [de] Jaba, Finca Las Cruces,
Aug. 1977 (CHF.Rowell). Paratypes, 1 m, same
locality and collector as holotype, Sep 1975; 1 m Fig. 13. Phaeoparia phrygana, male, habitus. Specimen from Costa Rica, Puntarenas, San Vito de
Jaba. Scale line 5 mm.
same data except Aug 1976, grassy tract in
forest; 1 f same data, Sep 1975, forest path; 1 f,
upcurved in lateral view, subgenital plate C. AMBLYCEPS SPECIES GROUP
same data, Aug 1976, deeply shaded grass trail
rather rounded, very obtusely pointed unlike
in forest.PAN AMA. 1m1 f, El Volcan Chiriqui,
that of the species of the Lineaalba group. This group is admittedly rather heteroge-
Rio Garriche,JunJul 1937 (OW.Bishop) (PHILA-
Phallic complex (Fig. 58) with apodemes of neous. Their species have been placed in the
DELPHIA).
cingulum widening caudad, which makes them genus Phaeoparia because they agree with it in
Specimens examined.-4 m 2 f COSTA RICA,
almost triangular in shape; apical endophallic several external features, mainly in the shape
Puntarenas: San Vito [de] Jaba, Las Cruces,
valves short and thick in dorsal view (like in P. of the head and in the abdominal male
Aug 1980 (CHF.Rowell, MR.Rahier) (Coll.
bicolor, but different from those of the Lineaalba terminalia. All of them, however, are short-
ROWELL).
group); epiphallus in frontal view with high, winged and have some other features differ-
Oistribution.-(Fig. 69). Like in the case of P. two-pointed lophi, small dark tubercles on the
depressicornis, the habitat of this species in Cen- ent from the species of the Lineaalba group. It
interior lobes of the lophi. Chromatic charac-
tral America, far apart from every other species includes Phaeoparia amblyceps and Phaeoparia
ters. Males with color pattern somewhat simi- carrascoi.
in the genus, marks an important difference
lar to that described for P. bicolor. Face, vertex,
with them. Together with the indicated mor-
pronotal disk, upper parts of tegmina (from 19. Phaeoparia amblyceps Hebard 1923, restored
phological divergences, it may suggest the con- combination
Cul to anal edge), dorsum of abdomen and
venience of erecting a different genus for it. Figs. 14, 42, 47, 56, 61, 74, Table 16
lower parts of lateral lobes of pronotum light
Identification.- Both sexes narrow and slen-
cinnamon. Most of eye, genae, mandibles, up-
der, rather long-legged (Fig. 13). Antennae very Phaeoparia amblyceps Hebard 1923: 260. Otte 1978: 48 (type
per parts of lateral lobes of pronotum, meso-
slightly ensiform in males, more so in females. location).
and metapleurae and sometimes part of sides
Pronotal disk (Fig. 47) medially emarginated Maculiparia amblyceps; Jago 1980: 221.
of abdomen chestnut. Legs cinnamon to chest-
both at anterior and posterior edges, fastigium
nut in parts, especially on lateral parts of hind
(Figs. 47, 55) elongated, acutely pointed. Teg- Type.-Holotype: female from COLOMBIA,
femora: hind tibiae light orange. Females much
mina very short, not reaching auditory organ
darker than males, mainly chestnut in color,
Cundinamarca, Susumuco, 2600 ft. (A.Maria)
(Figs. 13, 42). All specimens examined lack Heb. Colln. Nr. 890 (PHILADELPHIA). Susumuco
dorsum of head, thorax and abdomen and
external apical spine on hind femora. Male is a stream in the limit of the departments of
upper parts of tegmina of a lighter color, cin-
terminalia (Fig. 47) with short furculae curved Meta and Cundinamarca, in the general re-
namon sprinkled with chestnut in some areas.
to the outside, epiproct triangular with rather gion of Villavicencio. It runs from N to S at
All legs cinnamon with chestnut spots.
acute apex, cerci conical, pointed, slightly aprox. 73° 45' W, between 04°13' and 04°15' N
b

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
46
Fig.14. Phaeoparia amblyceps, male, habitus. Specimen from Colombia, Meta, Villavicencio.
Scale line 5 mm.
(Prof. 0. Briceno, pers. comm).
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Dept.
Meta: 3 m, 1 f Vista Hermosa, Nov. 1970
(M.Descamps); 3 m, 2 f, Villavicencio, 400 m,
Dec 1968 (M.Descamps); 8 m, 4 f, La Reforma,
near Villavicencio, 750 m, Dec 1968
(M.Descamps); 4 m, 2 f, Los Micos, Dec 1968
(M.Descamps); 1m,2 f, btw. Villavicencio and
Las Acacias May 1974 (M.Descamps); 4 f, Las
Acacias Dec 1968 (M.Descamps);(PARIS). VEN-
EZUELA. Tachira State, 1 m, San Cristobal,
Est. del INOS, La Parada, Dec 1982; Barinas
State: 1 m, San Isidro, NW of La Soledad, 1500
m alt. (cloud forest), Feb 1994 (LD.Otero,
CS.Carbonell) (MARACAY).
Distribution.-(Fig. 74). The specimens ex-
amined come from two widely separated ar-
eas: the neighborhood of Villavicencio in Co-
lombia and the Cordillera de Merida in Ven-
ezuela. Both these areas however, are in the
eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental, the
easternmost Andean range, of which the Cor-
dillera de Merida is its northeastern branch.
This suggests that the species may be distrib-
uted over a very large area, including parts of
Eastern Colombia and Western Venezuela. The
two Venezuelan specimens examined are in
f
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
47
ing caudad and a barely differentiated apical General coloration cinnamon to cinnamon-
lobe with rounded apex; cerci simple, conical, rufous; head, thorax and upper surface of
incurved; subgenital plate as seen from above abdomen with scattered, small fuscous dots;
with rounded sides and an acutely pointed legs irregularly marked with fuscous; hind
apical part. Phallic complex (Fig. 61): femora with lower external sulcus entirely
Apodemes of cingulum partially united medi- fuscous; internal sulcus and thoracic sternum
ally, Very large ventro-lateral plates; of a reddish ferruginous color; hind tibiae
endophallic apical valves narrow, parallel; cinnamon with chestnut to fuscous irregu-
epiphallus in frontal view with lophi pecu- larly distributed small spots. Lateral dark
liarly shaped, with internal and external lobes, markings on sides of abdomen smaller and
the latter much higher, small black tubercles more irregular than in males.
on upper margin, between the said lobes in Affinities.-The present species seems in-
some specimens. Chromatic characters. Preva- termediate between Phaeoparia and Maculiparia
lently buff-yellow, darkening to cinnamon in in some of its characters, especially in the
some parts: post-ocular genal band chestnut: form of the epiproct. However, the shape of
posterior and inferior parts of mandibles the head, cerci and subgenital plate, together
fuscous to dusky-brown: lateral lobes ofprono- with the lack of any dark shiny maculae on its
tum and lateral parts of tegmina slightly darker tegmina, point to a closer relationship with
Phaeoparia amblyceps than disk: ventral surfaces of hind femora and the former of the named genera.
most of thoracic sterna orange. Abdomen with
conspicuous fuscous lateral bands. 20. Phaeoparia carrascoi n. sp.
Female. Antennae filiform. Pronotum and Figs. 15, 42, 47, 56, 62, 79, Table 17
tegmina as described for male. Chroma tic char-
details slightly different from the Colombian acters. Coloration much more uniform than in Etymolgy.-Specific name dedicated to the
ones, but I believe these differences to lie well males, no traces of post-ocular band on genae Peruvian entomologist Francisco Carrasco,
within the intraspecific variation. or dark band on lateral lobes of pronotum. from the City of Cusco, who collected the first
Identification.- This species was transferred
to Maculiparia by Jago (1980), apparently upon
examination of the unique female type. Now,
after examining a series of practically topotypic
males and females, I am in favor of restoring
Hebard's original combination.
Male (Fig. 14). Antennae filiform, basal ar-
ticles of flagellum somewhat flattened: apical
segment of maxillary palpi flat and light-col-
ored but not markedly wide. Anterior margin
of pronotal disk straight or very slightly
emarginated, posterior one deeply so; pronotal
disk with median carina weakly marked, in
some specimens more so on anterior portion
of prozona and on metazona; no traces of
lateral carinae, disk roundly curving into lat-
eral lobes (Fig. 47). Tegmina (Fig. 42) slightly
surpassing caudal edge of 1st abdominal seg-
ment, covering most of auditory organ. All
specimens examined without apical external 15 Phaeoparia carrascoi
spine on hind tibiae. Abdominal terminalia
(Fig. 47) with small lobiform furculae placed
Fig. 15. Phaeoparia carrascoi, male, habitus. Para type from Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu.
close together; epiproct with a rather wide Scale line 5 mm.
basal part, its lateral edges slightly converg-
L
48 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 49

known specimens of this species.
Type.-Holotype, male, PERU, Dept. Cusco,
Machu Picchu, Aguascalientes, 27 Jun 1976
(F.Carrasco, M. Descamps, CS.Carbonell) (RIO
DE JANEIRO). Para types, 1 m, 1 f, same data as
holotype; 2 m, Machu Picchu, 6-7 May 1965,
on grass (F.Carrasco); 1 m, Machu Picchu,
Nov 1965 (F.Carrasco); 2 m, Machu Picchu,
Torrentoy Canyon, Jul 1965 (B.Malkin) (RIO DE
JANEIRO and CUSCO).
Distribution.-(Fig. 79). It has been found
only in the Machu Picchu area of the Peruvian
they are different from those in the preceding
groups. The first of them is found in coastal
NE Brasil, the second in central Colombia, and
the third in Chapada de Guimaraes, State of
Mato Grosso, in the limit between the Amazo- I
nian and the Parana-Paraguay watersheds.
This distribution, with one species far north
from the equatorial line, and the other two in
\\
the eastern and southern edges of the Amazo-
nian basin seems rather incongruous from a
biogeographical viewpoint, and suggests a
case of parallelism rather than phyletic rela-
\ ~,

Department of Cusco, which lies in the south-

ernmost reaches of the Amazonian watershed.
The region is one of high and steep mountains
tionship.

21. Phaeoparia megacephala (Brunner von

covered with forest and set close together, the
rivers running in deep and narrow clefts be-
tween them.
Identification.-(Fig. 15). Antennae filiform.
Fastigium as in Fig. 56. Disk of pronotum (Fig.
47) with frontal edge very slightly
emarginated, sometimes almost straight in
females; posterior edge deeply emarginated
in both sexes. Tegmina (Fig. 42) short, cover-
ing tympanal organ. All specimens examined
have small external apical spine on hind
femora. Male terminalia (Fig. 47): furculae
large, lobiform, rounded at apices; epiproct
triangular, apical part barely differentiated;
cerci thick at bases, narrowing abruptly at
apical third which curves mesad, apices acute;
subgenital plate in dorsal view rounded, only
slightly angular at apex. Phallic complex (Fig.
62): apodemes of cingulum parallel, widely
separated, rami very wide; apical endophallic
valves with spoon-like, overlapping apices,
wide in lateral view; epiphallus with rather
high and square lophi with a dark, conical
prominence at their mesal angles. Chromatic
characters. Males almost uniformly citrine,
with head and legs olive-yellow. Females al-
most uniformly tawny, with lateral fuscous
bands at sides of abdomen. Males of this spe-
cies often have the abdominal end upturned.
D. MEGACEPHALA SPECIES GROUP
The three species in this group are short-
winged, and share several characters. In these
characters and in their general appearance
Wattenwyl 1861)
Figs. 16, 42, 48, 56, 62, 81, Table 18
Pezotettix megacephala Brunner v. Watt. 1861: 226.
Podisma megacephala; Walker 1871: 72
Aristia megacephala, Stal 1878: 56. Kirby 1910: 425.
Phaeoparia megacephala; Jago 1980: 219.
Phaeoparia megacephala, "typical" chromatic
form.
Type.-Holotype male labeled "Venezuela,
Thorey ded" (WIEN). The type specimen is
certainly mislabeled as to the locality of col-
lection. This species has never been found
again in Venezuela, while specimens that cor-
respond exactly with the holotype were found
in BRASIL, State of Bahia, in a locality called
Simoes Filho, a short distance N. of Salvador,
by Dr. Johannes Becker of the "Museu Nacio-
nal" of Rio de Janeiro.
Specimens examined. BRASIL. Bahia State; 3
m, Simoes Filho, Feb 1983 (J.Becker) (RIO DE
JANEIRO).
Phaeoparia megacephala, "nordestina" chromatic
form.
BRASIL: Pernambuco State; 20 m, 20 f,
Recife, Dois Irmaos Park, May 1993 (MJ.Souza-
Lopes, CS.Carbonell); 10m10 f, Caruaru, Brejo
dos Cavalos Apr 1993 (MJ.Souza-Lopes,
CS.Carbonell); 2 m, 10-15 km S. of Caruaru,
900 m, Feb 1981 (HR.Roberts, O.Roppa,
CS.Carbonell); 8 m. 11 f. Sao Lourenco da
Mata Jul 1990 (C.Amedegnato, S.Poulain).
Alagoas State: 7 m 4 f BR 101, km 53 N. of
Maceio, Feb 1981 (HR.Roberts, O.Roppa,
''
16
Fig. 16. Phaeoparia megacephala, male, habitus. Specimen from Brasil, Bahia,
Simoes Filho. Scale line 5 mm.
CS.Carbonell); 1 f, BR 101, 50 km S. of Maceio
Feb 1981 (HR.Roberts, O.Roppa,
CS.Carbonell). Paraiba State: 4 m 3 f, Joao
Pessoa, Mata do Buraquinho (IBDF Park)
(HR.Roberts, O.Roppa, CS.Carbonell); (RIO DE
JANEIRO, ANN ARBOR, PHILADELPHIA,
PERNAMBUCO, PARIS).
Distribution.-(Fig. 81). This is a rather com-
mon species of the Brazilian Northeast, it is
certainly not from Venezuela. It has been found
only in the coastal area (Atlantic Forest) and in
some parts of the wooded region immediately
west of it, called by Brazilian biogeographers
as" Agreste", "Mata Seca" or "Mata de Cip6".
It is one of the rather common cases of
endemisms in NE Brasil. Within this tribe, the
other endemic species of this region are those
of the "Latipes" group of Abila and the three in
the genus Stornophilacris.
Identification.- Two different chromatic
forms are mentioned above: the "typical" chro-
matic form (in the sense that it corresponds
exactly to the type of the species) (Fig. 16), and
the "nordestina" chromatic form, which is the
one widespread in most of the Brazilian north-
Phaeoparia megacephala
east, from Alagoas to Paraiba states as far as
known. Morphologically both forms seem to
be identical, but the rather striking chromatic
difference lies in the hind legs: the "typical"
form having the hind tibiae and the lower area
of the hind femora bright orange, while the
"nordestina" form has these areas of a blue to
grayish blue color. Also, the. first of these
forms has the centralpart of the thoracic sterna
and the venter of the abdomen suffused with
orange, while the second one has these areas
from fuscous to dusky-brown.
Male (Fig. 16). Antennae filiform, basal part
of flagellum may be slightly flattened; fas-
tigium (Fig. 56) as long or slightly longer than
interocular distance. Apical segment of maxil-
lary pal pi cylindrical, not modified. Pronotum
(Fig. 48) with median carina slightly marked
throughout; lateral carinae entirely absent, the
pronotal disc evenly rounding into the lateral
lobes in the whole of the pronotum; hind
femora in all specimens with external apical
spine, sometimes reduced in size but always
evident. Tegmina (Fig. 42) very narrow, reach-
ing auditory organ but barely covering its
 ..............
_. ------~---------~~~-
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
50
17
Fig. 17. Phaeoparia bicolor, male, habitus. Specimen from Colombia, Cundinamarca, Salto
del Tequendama. Scale line 5 mm.
femora as indicated above with reference to
upper half. Abdominal terminalia (Fig. 48)
the chromatic forms.
typical of Phaeoparia, with small triangular
furculae, triangular epiproct with apical part
ined, that of the "typical" form being un-
only slightly differentiated from basal one,
known). Antennae very slightly ensiform; fas-
rounded apically; cerci simple, conical
tigium (Fig. 56) only slightly shorter than
incurved, acutely pointed; subgenital plate in
interocular space. Thorax, tegmina and abdo-
dorsal view with sides in a 90° angle, apex
roundly truncated. Phallic complex (Fig. 62):
cingulum with apodemes almost entirely
united dorsally, nearly shield-like in dorsal
view; rami wide; apical endophallic valves
narrow, compressed, incurved in their apical
parts; epiphallus in frontal view with high,
subrectangular lophi bearing small black tu-
bercles on their mesal angles. Chromatic char-
acters. "typical" form: frons and narrow fron-
tal area of genae, lower parts of lateral lobes of
pronotum and of lower part of mesepisternum,
front and middle legs and hind femora cream-
colored to buff-yellow to very light cinnamon
in different specimens; vertex, pronotal disk,
tegmina, dorsal and lateral areas of abdomen
of same colors, but usually a shade darker.
Most of genae behind eyes, upper parts of
lateral lobes of pronotum and middle parts of
mesepisternum and metaepimeron burnt-um-
ber. Hind tibiae and lower surface of hind
r
Phaeoparia bicolor
Female. (only the "nordestina" form exam-
men as described for male. All specimens with
external apical spine on hind femora. Chro-
matic characters. More uniformly colored than
males, prevalent color being cinnamon-brown
to russet; upper parts of head, thorax and
abdomen may be of same color as rest of body,
or of a distinctly lighter hue. Middle legs with
lower surface fuscous, and so is outer lower
sulcus of hind femora. Hind tibiae and ventral
part of body as indicated above with reference
to the chromatic forms.
22. Phaeoparia bicolor (Hebard 1923)
Figs. 17, 42, 48, 56, 62, 74, Table 19
Aristia bicolor Hebard 1923: 261. Amedegnato 1976: 6
(genitalia). Otte 1978 (type location).
Phaeoparia bicolor; Jago 1980: 219.
Type.-Female Holotype from COLOMBIA,
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
Dept. Cundinamarca, Las Mesitas [near
Bogota], 3200 ft, May 1918 (A.Maria); 2 female
paratypes, same data (PHILADELPHIA).
Specimens examined.-COLOMBIA. Dept.
Cundinamarca: 1 m, btw. Pacho and Las
Palmas, 900 malt., Dec 1968 (M.Descamps); 1
m 1 f, Villeta, 1500 m alt., Mar 1968
(M.Descamps); 5 m 4 f, Sal to del Tequendama,
2400 malt., Mar 1968 (M.Descamps) (PARIS).
Distribution.-(Fig. 74). All specimens
known come from rather high altitudes (900-
2400 m.), NE of Bogota in the watershed of the
Magdalena River.
Identification.- Male (Fig. 17). Head and
abdominal terminalia (Fig. 48) typical of
Phaeoparia. Antennae very slightly ensiform,
most of flagellum rather flat. Fastigium as
shown in Fig. 56. Pronotal disk (Fig. 48) with
weak median carina, slightly better marked
on anterior part of prozona and on metazona.
No evident lateral carinae, but disk bending
angularly into lateral lobes (instead of roundly
as in most Phaeoparia), this angular flexion
more noticeable on anterior part of prozona
and on metazona. Tegmina (Fig. 42) rather
wide, contiguous at midline. Fore and middle
femora slightly thickened, more robust than
in most species. External apical spine on hind
tibiae present or absent, seems more frequent
in females. Abdominal terminalia (Fig. 48)
with large, triangular furculae, epiproct simple
and triangular, cerci conical, thick at bases,
short and straight; subgenital plate in dorsal
view with rounded apex. Phallic complex (Fig.
62): cingulum with long, widely separated
apodemes, rami large and rounded. Apical
valves of endophallus thick and wide, very
unlike those in Phaeoparia. Epiphallus with
low rounded lophi like in Phaeoparia. Chro-
ma tic characters. Antennae, face, vertex,
pronotal disk, lower third of lateral lobes of
pronotum, most of meso- metapleurae, legs,
dorsal area of tegmina from Cul to anal edge,
underside of body and most of abdomen light
cinnamon. Hind tibiae of same color but with
reddish tinge. Eyes, genae, upper parts of lat-
eral lobes of pronotum and tegmina from Cul
to costal edge light chestnut.
Female. Similar to male but generally darker
51
and with weaker fore and middle legs. Chro-
matic characters. Ventral part of body, pronotal
disk, upper parts of tegmina from Cul to anal
edge cinnamon. Face, mandibles, genae, lat-
eral lobes of pronotum, meso- and
meta pleurae, tegmina from Cul to costal edge,
underside of body, sides of abdomen, and all
legs chestnut. Hind tibiae of same color but of
a reddish hue.
Affinities.-The shape of its pronotum re-
lates this species to Aristia, but most other
characters are in my opinion closer to those of
the other short-winged species of Phaeoparia.
23. Phaeoparia monnei n. sp.
Figs. 18, 42, 48, 56, 62, 79, Table 20
Etymology.- Named after Dr. Miguel A.
Monne, of the Museum of Rio de Janeiro,
curator of its important Orthoptera collection,
and by whose management of it has greatly
contributed to the knowledge of the Neotropi-
cal acridoid fauna. Dr. Monne (a specialist in
Cerambycidae) has a very wide knowledge of
the taxonomy of Neotropical acridoids.
Type.-Holotype male from BRASIL, Mato
Grosso State, Chapada dos Guimaraes, Mar
1978 (0.Roppa, B.Silva) (RIO DE JANEIRO).
Paratypes, 13 m, 5 f, same data as holotype
(RIO DE JANEIRO, PHILADELPHIA, PARIS).
Distribution.-(Fig. 79). The locality of col-
lection of the type-series lies in the limit of the
Amazonian and the Paraguay-Parana basins.
Identification.- Male (Fig. 18). Antennae
very slightly ensiform, first four segments of
flagellum somewhat flattened and wider than
rest of them. Fastigium (Fig. 56) as long as
interocular distance or slightly shorter; me-
dian dorsal carinulae of head going all the
way from apex of fastigium to occiput, lateral
ones starting at sides of eyes and converging
forward and continued in lateral carinae of
frontal cos ta. Maxillary pal pi with apical seg-
ment narrow, cylindrical. Pronotum (Fig. 48)
with anterior edge slightly convex, posterior
one emarginated medially. Tegmina (Fig. 42)
slightly surpassing caudal edge of first ab-
dominal segment, almost completely cover-
ing auditory organ. External apical spine on
_................ --------------~~-

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 53

52
particularly heavy on frons and pronotum. erable portion_ furculae usually widely sepa-
Some specimens show traces of the light-col- rated, not_ contiguous medially; cerci not coni-
ored areas always present in males on lower c_al and simple but showing some modifica-
parts of lateral lobes of pronotum, and all tio~ such as differences between basal and
have, more or less intensely marked, the dark apical parts, noticeable rugosities on internal
lateral areas on abdomen, generally shorter surface, apical ~art bent mesad with respect to
and less conspicuous than in males some- ba~al one, or apical half variously modified by
~imes lim~ted to segments 1an2, when ~resent being compressed, with apex modified swol-
in following segments limited to small mark- len or with tubercles; epiproct usually divided
ings on their posterior edges. Posterior sides into a wide, frequently square basal part. and
of fore and middle tibiae frequently fuscous- a narrm:er apical ?ne which is frequently
~olored. Dark markings near bases of upper tongue-like; subgemtal plate usually rounded
internal areas of hind femora mentioned for or truncated, rarely pointed. Of these charac-
males also present in females. Hind tibia col- ters, the most reliable are the form of the head
ored as in males. and fastigium, and the presence of black shiny
maculae on the tegmina. Characters of the
24. MACULIPARIA Jago 1980 male abdominal terminalia are variable, and
may be Phaeoparia-like in a few species which
Phaeoparia Stat 1873: 56, in part (Phaeoparia annulicornis are otherwise assignable to this genus. While
only). Phaeoparia auct., in part.
m~ny of i~s sp_e~ies lack the external apical
18 Phaeoparia monnei Maculiparia Jago 1980: 219
spine on hind tibiae, this character is variable
in different species, hence not entirely reliable
Type species.-Phaeoparia annulicornis Stal for the definition of the genus.
Fig.18. Phaeoparia monnei, male-, habitus. Para type from Brasil, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimaraes. 1873, as designated by Jago (1980).
Scale line 5 mm. ' Identificatio~.-As discussed by Jago (1980)
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS
members of this genus differed from those left
hind tibiae always present Inboth sexes. Ab-
darker color mentioned below. Darker parts
chestnut to maroon include parts of genae
~n Phaeoparia by several characters, the most
Its different species range from Central
dominal terminalia (Fig. 48) with short, wide, import_ant of these being: lack of external api- America through Colombia, Venezuela and
below and behind eyes, upper parts of lateral ca~ spine on hind tibiae; modified cerci,
triangular furculae: epiproct triangular, its pos- the Guianas, to the W and SW of the Amazo-
lobes of pronotum, parts of mesa- metapleurae epiproct differentiated in a wide, squarish
terior lobe markedly narrower than basal one, nian basin in Ecuador, Peru and Brasil.
and internal area of pinnae on hind femora (on basal part and a narrow, tongue-like apical
triangular, apex acute; cerci simple, conical,
basal part of internal upper face of hind femora o~e; subgenital plate rounded or parabolic
incurved; subgenital plate in dorsal view pro- KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF
there is a small dark area, similar to that found with squared-off tip: vertex sloping steeply in
jected backwards in a slightly acute angle with
in most species of the Lineaalba group); lower front of confluence of lateral carinulae, head MACULIPARIA (MALES)
rounded apex. External apical spine of hind
parts of tegmina from Cul to costal edge and of blunt appearance; tegmina bearing polished
tibiae always present, usually small. Phallic
complex (Fig. 62): ventro-lateral plates very lateral bands on sides of abdomen, formed by
spots wide on first and second segments and
black macu~ations in females, usually so in ia ~~;~~~:~g-~-~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: i
large; cingulum with apodemes mostly united males. As said above with regard to Phaeoparia,
gradually diminishing in size to the fourth, in some of these characters do not hold when 2 Pr<?notal disk broadly extending caudad in a
dorsally, separated only by a V-shaped inci-
the following segments usually represented taking into account some of the new species n~ht angle (Fig. 49, 1st column, B). Tegmina
sion at their cephalic ends; apical endophallic
only by small markings near their caudal edges. here descr~bed, which seem otherwise assign- (Fig. 41, 1st species) obliquely and concavely
valves small an weak; epiphallus with low truncated at apex. Male abdominal terminalia
Lower sulci of hind femora grayish drab. Hind able to this genus. The following modified
lophi as seen in frontal view. Chromatic char- (Fig. 49, 1st column, C, D) with furculae
acters. Lighter parts colored cinnamon, in- tibiae chestnut proximally, turning gradually definition is therefore proposed here. Anten- wide, triangular, set almost over sides of
clude front, vertex, anterior parts of genae, scarlet toward apices. nae filiform in most species. Fastigium short ep~proct; ~erc_i long, surpassing end of
pronotal disk, lower parts of lateral lobes of
Females. Larger and more robust than males. h_ead of blunt appearance as seen from th~ ep1proct, with mfl~ted basal part, internally
Antennae slightly more ensiform than in males; side, ~rans separated from fastigial surface by rugose'. slender _apical part with dilated api-
pronotum and of pro-episternum, parts of ces; ep1proct with well differentiated basal
fastigium a little over half as long as interocular ~ noticeable depression. Tegmina, especially
mesa- and metaepisternum; fore and middle portion with sides diverging caudad, and
space. Chromatic characters. More uniformly in females but frequently in both sexes, with short, tongue-like apical portion with
legs, upper and external areas of hind femora
colored than male, for the most part cinnamon one or more black shiny maculae. Male ab- rounded apex. (Fig. 19) (Colombia, east of
and upper parts of tegmina from Cul to anal
heavily sprinkled or otherwise marked with dominal terminalia: posterior margin of tenth Western Andean Range) ................................ .
edge. Of these, vertex and pronotal disk may ................................................. M. annulicornis
chestnut to burnt-umber, these dark markings segment between furculae visible in a consid-
be sprinkled or otherwise marked with the
 ......... ......
_. _. ------------~~~
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
54
4 Tegmina contiguous or slightly overlapping at
2a Pronotal disk extending caudad in an obtuse
angle only near midline (Fig. 49, 2nd column,
B). Tegmina (Fig. 41, 2nd species) obliquely
truncated or not so, in any case rounded
apically, not concave. Male abdominal
terminalia (Fig. 49, 2nd column, C, D) with
4a Tegmina contiguous at midline of body, reach-
furculae narrow, acute; cerci as described
above but shorter; basal part of epiproct with
parallel, slightly upturned sides, small, nar-
row, tongue-like apical part. Phallic complex
5 Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 50, 1st. col-
as in Fig. 63, 2ndcolumn. (Fig. 20) (Panama)
................................... M. rotundata rotunda ta
2b Pronotal disk as described above but median
posterior projection wider at base (Fig. 49,
3rd column, B). Tegmina (Fig. 41, 3rd species)
with apices obliquely and concavely trun-
cated. Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 49,
3rd column, C, D) similar in general to the
Sa Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 50, 3rd. col-
one described above, but sides of basal por-
tion of epiproct convergent caudad rather
than parallel. Phallic complex as in Fig. 63,
3rd column. (Colombia and Ecuador, west-
ern slope of Andes) .......................................... .
...................................... M. rotundata carrikeri
2c Pronotal disk with caudal margin almost
straight, slightly extending caudad in a me-
dian angle (Fig. 52, 1st column, B). Tegmina
(Fig. 41, 4th species) with apices obliquely
truncated but convex. Male abdominal
6(3a)Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 51, 2nd. col-
terminalia (Fig. 52, 1st column, C, D) with
furculae set close together, triangular, long,
acute; cerci long, incurved, apical third slen-
der, with internal tubercle near apex; epiproct
with sides of basal part strongly converging
caudad, apical part wide, sides parallel, apex
rounded. (Fig. 29) (Guyana) ........................... .
................................................... M. immaculata
3(1a)Posterior margin of pronotal disk extending
caudad in an apex-rounded angle ............... 4
6a Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 51, 3rd. col-
3a Posterior margin of pronotal disk almost
straight, slightly convex ................................. 6
3b Posterior margin of pronotal disk emarginated
or incised at midline ........................................ 7
3c Posterior margin of pronotal disk slightly ex-
tending caudad in a very obtuse angle, in-
cised at midline; tegmina almost contiguous
at midline of body (Fig. 42, 3rd. column, 1st.
species). Head and body strongly rugose.
Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 49, 4th col-
umn, C, D) furculae triangular, wide, acutely 7(3b)Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 52, 2nd. col-
pointed over sides (but not over margins) of
epiproct; cerci simple, conical, its apical thirds
slender, bent mesad at almost right angles;
epiproct with nearly square basal part, nar-
row, triangular apical part. (Fig. 21) (Peru-
vian Amazonia, Prov. Loreto ......................... .
.................................. ................... M. curtipennis
,-
midline, reaching 3rd. abdominal segment
(Fig. 43, 3rd column, 1st species). Male ab-
dominal terminalia as in Fig. 52, 3rd. column,
C, D) (Fig. 31) (Colombia, Prov. Huila) ....... .
......................................................... M. huilensis
ing only posterior margin oflst abdominal
segment ............................................................. 5
umn, C, D) with short, triangular furculae
almost over margins of epiproct; cerci short
and thick, rugose, incurved, apical third bent
inwards; epiproct with square basal portion
and wide, subtriangular, rounded apical one.
(Fig. 22) (Peruvian Amazonia, Prov. Loreto,
region of Iquitos) .............. M. obtusa obtusa
umn, C, D) with short,, triangular, apically
rounded furculae placed over sides (but not
over outer margins) of epiproct; cerci long,
smooth, incurved, with pre-apical internal
swellings; epiproct long, sides of basal part
convex, apical part widely united to basal
one, sides converging caudad, rounded apex.
(Fig. 23) (Western Brasilian Amazonia, espe-
cially at N side of river Amazon) ................. .
..................................... M. obtusa solimoensis
umn, C, D) with furculae short, triangular,
posterior margin of 10th abdominal tergite
roundly concave between them; cerci simple,
slender, incurved; epiproct triangular, with
basal and apical parts only slightly differen-
tiated; subgenital plate in dorsal view largely
extending beyond apex of epiproct. (Fig. 26)
(Colombian Prov. of Guaviare at limit with
Prov. Meta, in front of mouth of Ariari River)
..................................................... M. ariariensis
umn, C, D) unlike any other in the tribe; cerci
with swollen base, apical part bent upwards
in right angle, lodged into emarginations of
epiproct; the latter with basal part narrow,
twice as wide as its length, apical part nar-
row, sides parallel, square tip. (Fig. 27) (South-
western Venezuelan Amazonia) .................. .
........................................................ M. terramar
umn, C, D) with furculae long and narrow,
placed near midline; cerci with basal halves
thick, apical ones getting gradually slender
and incurved, apices expanded and truncated;
epiproct long and rather narrow, basal part
with almost parallel, convex sides, apical part
narrow, sides parallel, rounded apex. (Fig .
30) (Guyana and adjacent part of Venezuela,
CARLOS S. CARBONELL 55
Prov. Delta Amacuro) ..................................... . characters in common. The Immaculata" 11
.................................................... M. havilandae
group has two species which are very closely
7a Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 52, 4th. col-
related, and a third one with some characters
umn, C, D) with furculae placed close to
mid~i~e, tria~gular with squared-off tips; in common but probably less closely related,
ce~ci simple, mcurved, apical thirds slender; or maybe only convergent. The Alejomesai" /1
ep1proct triangular, apical part but slightly group contains only one species which is
di~ferentiated from basal one, rounded apex.
clearly different from all others of the genus in
(Fig. 32) (French Guiana, near border with
Brasilian State of Amapa) ............................. .. several characters, and the same can be said of
11 11
.................................................... M. guyanensis the Guyanensis species group.
7b Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 50, 4th col-
umn, C, D) with triangular furculae, placed A. ANNULICORNIS SPECIES GROUP
over edges of epiproct; cerci simple, getting
gradually slender distad, apical thirds
Includes two long-winged species: M.
strongly bent mesad; epiproct with basal part
almost squ~re, its sides slightly converging annulicornis Stal, and M. rotundata (Stal), the
caudad, apical part narrow, short, triangu- latter with two subspecies. By its rather uni-
lar, rounded apex. (Fig. 24) (Northern Ven- form morphology it seems to be a natural
ezuela) ...................................... M. emarginata
group of closely related species.
7c Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 51, 1st col-
umn, C, D) with furculae lobiform, rounded,
placed close to midline; posterior edge of Biogeographical notes on the species of
~Ot~ abdominal tergite between them deeply the 11 Annulicornis" group
mc1sed almost to the edge of 9th. tergite;
cerci with swollen basal part, slender,
M. rotunda ta with its two subspecies, ranges
incurved distal part, with apices curved to
from Panama to Ecuador. In the S. American
the outside; epiproct with basal part almost
square, apical one tongue-like, with rounded part of its range it is limited to the western
apex. (Fig. 25) (Southern Venezuelan slope of the Andes, where it is found from
Amazonia, at limit with Colombia) ............ .. nearly sea level to 2000 m. M. annulicornis is
.............................................................. M. cerdai
found in Colombia, east of the range of M.
7d Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 51, 4th. col-
umn, C, D) with furculae triangular, small,
rotundata, either in regions of low or median
altitude (up to 1500 m) in the Santa Marta
near midline; cerci simple, incurved, distal
parts slender; epiproct triangular, apical part Mountains or in the Central and Eastern
a.lmost undifferentiated. Very unusual phal- Andean ranges, but also in low lands south of
lic complex as in Fig. 65, 4th. column. (Fig.
the said territory. It is not known, due to lack
28) (Amazonia, Peruvian Prov. of Loreto,
Brasilian State of Rondonia) .......................... . of collecting, how far east in Colombian terri-
tory this species goes, neither if it is found
.................................................... M. alejomesai
anywhere in western Venezuela.
SPECIES GROUPS
25. Maculiparia annulicornis (Stal 1873)
Figs. 19, 41, 49, 56, 63, 71, Table 21
The genus Maculiparia as considered in this
paper is admittedly rather heterogeneous, and Phaeoparia annulicornis Stal 1873: 57, 1878: 57. Brunner
some of its members might deserve separate von Wattenwyl 1900: 256. Bruner 1908: 279. Kirby
generic status. Considering that our knowl- 1910: 425. Hebard 1923: 256 (distr. in Colombia).
Sjostedt 1933: 36 (type material).
edge of it is rather incomplete due to the vast
Maculiparia annulicornis; Jago 1980: 221
areas of its range that have not been adequately Phaeoparia maculipennis Stal 1878: 58. Giglio Tos 1897: 5.
collected, I have preferred to divide it into Scudder 1901: 255. Bruner 1908: 297. Kirby 1910: 426.
11
Hebard 1923: 259 (distr. in Colombia). Sjostedt 1933:
species groups. The Annulicornis group is
/1
the most uniform, and very probably repre- 36 (type material).
s~nts a natural genus. The Curtipennis" spe-
11 Maculiparia maculipennis; Jago 1980: 221. New synonymy.
cies group seems to be a short-winged deriva-
Types.-Of P. annulicornis, male holotype
tive of the former, with which it has many
..
~ ------------------------~~-
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
56
i Caqueta: 1 m, Rio Orteguaza, 200 m alt., Dec
\ Distribution.-(Fig. 71). According to the
\
19
Fig.19. Maculiparia annulicornis, male, habitus. Specimen from Colombia, Cundinamarca,
between Pacho and Las Palmas. Scale line 5 mm.
labeled "Remedios, Nisser", one female
paratype similarly labeled, in STOCKHOLM.
Of P. maculipennis, female holotype labeled
"N. Granada" in STOCKHOLM. There are to-
gether with the type, two additional females
similarly labeled, apparently paratypes. The
locality "Remedios" is in Colombia, Depart-
ment of Antioquia, approximately 07°00' N,
74°41' W. "N.Granada" [Nueva Granada] is a
name by which Colombia was known in the
19th century. Comparison of the female holo-
type of P. maculipennis with the.female pa~~t~pe
of P. annulicornis indicates their conspeofic1ty.
The first is somewhat more robust, darker and
more strongly maculated than the second, but
examination of additional specimens listed
below indicates that these differences are well
within the limits of intraspecific variation.
Among these additional specimens, there are
no males different from the holotype of P.
annulicornis, which could be assigned to a
closely related but different species.
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Departa-
mento Magdalena: 6 m, 5 f, Aracataca (deep
r
Maculiparia annulicornis
forest, dense undergrowth) Aug 1920
(M.Hebard); 1 m, 2 f, Sierra de San Lorenzo,
2500 ft, Jul 1920 (M.Hebard); 3 m, Santa Marta,
Cincinnati, 4-5000 ft, Jul 1913. 1 m, 1 f, Don
Diego, 100 ft, May (PHILADELPHIA). 1m,1 f, Las
Pavas, Aug 1920. 1 m, Santa Marta Mountains,
Vis ta N ieve, 3500-4000 ft, Jun 1920 (FM. Gaige);
3 f, Las Pavas, Jan 1920 (FM.Gaige). 1 f, Sevilla,
Oct 1925 (FM.Walker)(ANN ARBOR). 1 m, 1 f,
Parque Nacional de Tayrana, El Pueblito, 360
m alt., Nov. 1970 (M.Descamps) (PARIS).
Departamento Cesar: 3 m, 1 f, San Alberto, 100
m alt., Dec 1973 (P.Dumerle) (PARIS).
Departamento Cordoba: 3 m, 5 f, Ayapel, Cano
Seco, Jan 1968 (M.Descamps); 1 f, Hacienda El
Torno de Matamoros, betw. Monteria and
TierraAlta,forestedge,Jan 1968 (M.Descamps)
(PARIS). Departamento Santander: 3 f, Rio
Carare, 1000 malt., May 1945 (L.Richter); 1 f,
La Lechera, Dec 1945 (L.Richter);2 f, RioOpon,
1000 m alt., Feb 1949 (L.Richter); 1 m, Road
Bucaramanga-Aguachica, km 36, 400 m alt.,
Jan 1971 (M.Descamps) (PARIS). Departamento
Cundinamarca: 8 m, 1 f, Carrapi [error for
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
Caparrapi?], 1100 m alt., Dec 1968
(M.Descamps); 5 m, 1 f, btw. Pacho and Las
Palmas, 900 malt., Dec. 1968 (M.Descamps)
(PARIS). Departamento Meta: 1 f, Rio Ocoa,
May 1945 (L.Richter) (PARIS). Departamento
1947 (L.Richter) (PARIS).
above records, this species has been collected
in most of central Colombia, from the Carib-
bean coast to the Department of Caqueta. Its
localities of collection lie east of the Cordille-
ras Occidental and Central, and include the
territory around the Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, the northeastern reaches of the Cordil-
lera Occidental, the Valley of the Magdalena
River, parts of the Cordillera Oriental, and
even the lowlands of the southeastern Depart-
ment of Caqueta. On the Pacific slope of the
Cordillera Occidental, it is replaced by M.
rotundata carrikeri.
Identification.- Like all the other species in
this species group, it is a typical Maculiparia as
defined by Jago (1980). Male (Fig. 19). Anten-
nae filiform; apical segment of maxillary palpi
flat and light-colored. Fastigium as shown in
Fig. 56. Pronotum (Fig. 49) with median carina
well marked and prominent on anterior part
of prozona and on metazona, lateral carinae
represented by a rather angular bend at limits
of disk and lateral lobes; tegmina (Fig. 41)
long, surpassing end of abdomen and tips of
hind femora, with apices obliquely truncated;
hind tibiae without external apical spine in
specimens examined. Abdominal terminalia
(Fig. 49): furculae triangular, set widely apart,
near sides of epiproct; cerci bent inwards at
apical third, inner surface rugose, apices acute,
with internal tubercle, bent downwards in
side view; epiproct with wide basal part, its
outer edges usually diverging caudad, ending
in acute triangular points; apical part narrow
and tongue-like; subgenital plate rounded in
dorsal view. Phallic complex (Fig. 63): cingu-
1um shield-like in dorsal view, with a podemes
widely united to each other, separated at
cephalic apices by a V-shaped incision; apical
endophallic valves wide in lateral view;
epiphallus large, wide, lophi high with black
tubercles near middle of upper margin. Chro-
57
ma tic characters. Antennae with scape, pedicel
and base of flagellum light cinnamon, turning
chestnut towards apex, with three light areas,
the first one at mid flagellum. the third near
the apex and the second midways between the
other two. Frans, clypeo-labrum and anterior
parts of mandibles buff-yellow to cream-color;
eyes and vertex cinnamon, the latter irregu-
larly sprinkled with chestnut; postocular-ge-
nal band and posterior basal parts of man-
dibles chestnut to burnt-umber in different
specimens; pronotal disk colored like vertex;
lateral lobes of pronotum, meso- and
metaepimera colored as postocular band;
meso- and metasterna cinnamon; fore and
middle legs cinnamon, hind femora of this
color externally, its upper surface irregularly
marked with chestnut, outer lower sulcus
chestnut, inner one reddish ferruginous, hind
tibiae of this color except for black tips of
spines; tegmina with upper surface (anal part)
cinnamon, their sides suffused with chestnut,
darker towards costal areas: shiny black marks
present, linea alba represented by one to sev-
eral light-colored marks; hind wings trans-
parent, slightly colored with pink or orange.
Female. Very similar to male in form but more
uniformly colored cinnamon with irregular
chestnut marks. Tegmina with two conspicu-
ous black shiny maculae.
26. Maculiparia rotundata (Stal 1878).
I consider this as a polytypic species, with
two subspecies. M. r. rotundata is the form
found in Panama. It has shorter tegmina, that
reach only as far as 2/3 of the hind femora,
and their tips are evenly rounded. Basal part
of epiproct tends to be wider and more square
than in the other subspecies. M. r. carrikeri has
longer tegmina with their apices not rounded
but obliquely truncated. Basal part of epiproct
is in many specimens relatively narrower and
with lateral edges somewhat converging
caudad. The first of these subspecies has been
found only in Panama, the second in Colom-
bia and Ecuador. Zone of contact between
them is not known, and might lie in Darien or
in the little known Chaco region of Colombia.
M. r. carrikeri is found on the pacific slope of
58 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 59

20
Fig. 20. Maculiparia rotundata rotundata, male, habitus. Specimen from Panama,
Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island. Scale line 5 mm.
the Colombian Andes, and is substituted by
M. annulicornis to the east of the country.
26a. Maculiparia rotundata rotundata (Stal
1878).
Figs. 20, 41, 49, 56, 63, 70, Table 22
Phaeoparia rotundata Stat 1878: 57. Giglio Tos 1897: 5.
Scudder 1901: 255. Bruner 1908: 297. Kirby 1910: 426.
Hebard 1924b: 128 (distribution), 1933b: 130. Sjostedt
1933: 63 (type material).
Maculiparia rotundata; Jago 1980: 221.
Type.-Holotype, a male labeled "Coll. Br.
v. Watt. Chiriqui (Panama) Staudinger" in
WIEN. Like all the Stal types in WIEN, it was not
marked as type, I labeled it as such in 1966.
Specimens examined.PAN AMA. Canal zone:
Barro Colorado Island: 2 m, 3 f, Jun 1955
(HR.Roberts); 1 m, 2 f, Jul 1933 (Hood, Hood,
Hook); 4 m, 16 f, Gatun, Jul 1916
(DE.Harrower), 1 m, same but Sep 1922. 1 m,
Trinidad Rio; Jun 1912 (A.Busk). Porto Bello; 1
Macruliparia r. rotundata
Azul (RW.Portmann) (PHILADELPHIA). Canal
Zone: Barro Colorado Island: 1m,2 f, Alhajuela,
Madden Dam, Sep 1932 (A.Greenhall); 2 m, 1 f,
Alhajuela, Rio Madronal, Jul 1933
(A.Greenhall); 1 f, Alhajuela Jul 1933
(A.Greenhall): Barro Colorado Island; 2 f, Jul
1967 (E.Ortleb) (open forest area); 1m,2 f, Jul
1967 (grassy area) (OJ.Sexton); 1 m, Jul 1967; 1
m, 1 f, Jun 1968 (at light) (OJ.Sexton); 2 f, Apr
1965 (OJ.Sexton); 1 f, Jul 1971 (trail in forest)
(OJ.Sexton): 2 f, K-9 Road System near Cocoli,
Jun 1968 (OJ.Sexton); 1 f, Madden Forest Pre-
serve, Aug 1971(OJ.Sexton);1 f, Pedro Miguel,
Sep 1971 (EA.Strauch); 1 m, Cerro Campana,
2500 ft, Mar 1979 (RL.Fischer); 1 f, C-29 Road,
5 km E. of Gamboa, Aug 1972 (JG.Strauch Jr.);
1 m, 3 f, 2 mi. S. of Cerro Campana, Mar - Sep
1972 (EA., JG.Strauch); 2 f, Madden Forest,
Aug 1972 (JG.Strauch Jr.); 1 f, Pipeline Road, 5
mi. NW of Gamboa, May 1972 (EA.Strauch)
(ANN ARBOR). Some specimens of the same se-
ries above, given by PHILADELPHIA are in PARIS
Distribution.-(Fig. 70). Known only from
Panama, its type locality lies well in the west
of the country. Most of the rest of the speci-
mens have been collected in or near the Canal
Zone. This concentration of collection locali-
ties in the Canal Zone must be certainly deter-
mined by its being an area frequented by many
American entomologists. The species must be
a rather common one also E and W of the
Panama Canal.
Identification.- Generally similar to M.
annulicornis, but easily distinguished from it
by several morphological details, mainly in
the male abdominal terminalia. Male (Fig. 20)
similar in general aspect and coloration to that
of M. annulicornis. Main differences as fol-
lows: antennae filiform, longer than in pre-
ceding species, scape, pedicel and base of fla-
gellum cream-color, darkening towards apex
to a piceous color, some of the flagellar seg-
ments are externally (but not on the inner
side) almost white (as shown in Fig. 20); fas-
tigium as shown in Fig. 56; tegmina (Fig. 41)
shorter, not reaching end of abdomen and
only as far as two-thirds of hind femora, dark
maculae variable in intensity and extension in
different specimens, linea alba may be dis-
tinctly or weakly marked, apices not obliquely
truncated but evenly rounded; external apical
spine of hind femora found only on one of the
femora of a female in all the specimens exam-
ined. Male terminalia (Fig. 49): furculae trian-
gular, not so widely separated as in M.
annulicornis; cerci incurved, apical third bent
inwards in different degrees according to
specimen, apices with internal tubercle as seen
in dorsal view; epiproct with basal and apical
parts well differentiated, the former
subquadrate, with lateral margins convergent
caudad, the apical lobe tongue-like and slightly
variable in shape in different individuals;
subgenital plate evenly rounded. Phallic com-
plex (Fig. 63): ventro-lateral plates very large;
cingulum with apodemes wide but separated
cephalad for the most part; apical endophalic
valves short and wide; epiphallus wit lophi
rather high, in frontal view they are seen with
upper margins concave with small black tu-
bercles. Female. Also similar in form and col-
with shorter tegmina (Fig. 41), almost reach-
ing end of abdomen but not the tips of hind
femora, generally with two conspicuous dark
shiny maculae and a linea alba of variabl~
intensity and extension; the tegminal apices
evenly rounded as in the male.
26b. Maculiparia rotunda ta carrikeri (Hebard
1923) New status
Figs. 41, 49, 56, 63, 71, Table 23
Phaeoparia carrikeri Hebard 1923: 256. Dirsh 1956: 278, pl.
44 Fig. 2 (epiphallus). Amedegnato 1976: 6, pl. 3, figs
21,22 (phallic complex); Otte 1978: 48 (type material).
Maculiparia carrikeri; Jago 1980: 221.
Phaeoparia gracilis Hebard 1924b: 186; Otte 1978 (type
material).
Maculiparia gracilis; Jago 1980: 221. New synonym.
Types.-Of P. carrikeri, Male holotype
(Hebard Collection N° 889), labeled "COLOM-
BIA, El Valle, Cordoba, Rio Dagua, May 23,
1918 (MA.Carriker Jr.)"; 1 female allotype, 1
male and 2 female para types, same data (PHILA-
DELPHIA).
Of P. gracilis, Male holotype (Hebard Col-
lection N° 954), female allotype. Both labeled
"E. Ecuador, Azuay, Rio Pescado, 1600 ft, May
20, 1922 (GHH.Tate)".
Paratypes, 3 males and 6 females, same
data. One of these females (collected May 11,
1922) was marked by Hebard as allotype. Also
marked as paratypes, specimens from Bucay
on Rio Chimbo and Ventura on Rio Chanchan
(PHILADELPHIA). As to the localities these type
series came from: Colombia: I have not been
able to locate a place named "Cordoba" in my
maps, but Rio Dagua flows west to the Pacific
in the Department Valle, the town of
Buenaventura being at its mouth. Cordoba is
probably a small place along its course. Ecua-
dor: Rio Pescado is a small river in the NW of
the Department of Azuay; it flows into the Rio
Naranjal that has its mouth in the estuary of
the River Guayas, Prov. Guayas. According to
the altitude indicated for the type locality, it
must be very near the border of Azuay and
Guayas, some 20 km from the coast. Bucay
[now called General Elizalde] is a town in the
west of Prov. Guayas, at its border with Provs.

L
f, Aug 1916 (DE.Harrower); 2 m, 4 f, Cerro and RIO DE JANEIRO. Chimborazo and Cafiar, on the River Chimbo
oration to that of the preceding species but
~----------------..._.------~~-
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
60
Andes, forest edge, Jul 1984, 00°25'S, 78°45'W
which flows west to the Guayas River. Ventura
(GS.Gleen); 2 m, 3 f, Old Santo Domingo Road,
on Rio Chanchan, Prov. Chimborazo, is a place
2000 m alt., 00°16'S, 78° 45'W, Jul 1984
I have not found in modern maps, but Rio
(GS.Gleen); 12 m, 7 f, Santo Domingo, Nov
Chanchan is an affluent of the R. Chimbo, and
1956 (RW. Fortmann). Prov. Azuay: 1m,1 f, 7
the said locality must be in the same general
km E of Naranja, 700 malt., 00°02'S, 79°30'W,
area as Bucay. Hebard (1923: 189) remarks,
with respect to Phaeoparia gracilis, that it is
found among the first rise in elevation at the
western base of the Andes.
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Prov.
Valle: 3 m, Rio Dagua, El Placer (Tuparales)
350 malt., Feb 1968 (M.Descamps); 13 m, 6 f,
Road Buenaventura-Cali, km 40-50, 250-500 m
alt., Feb 1968 (M.Descamps); Anchicaya, 300
malt., Oct 1970 (M.Descamps) (all the preced-
ing specimens practically topotypes) (PARIS). 4
m, Anchicaya R., W slope of Andes, 300 malt.,
near 60 km on old Buenaventura road Sep 1984
(D.Brauning) (PHILADELPHIA). Prov. Narino: 35
m, 37 f, betw. Guayacana and El Diviso, 80 m
alt., Nov. 1968 (M.Descamps); 7 m, 9 f,
Guayacana, 80-200 m alt., Nov 1968 2000 malt.
(M. Descamps); 9 m, 1 f, Quebrada de los Palpes-
Ricaurte, 850 malt., Nov 1968 (M.Descamps);
3 m, 1 f, Cartagena-Ricaurte, Nov 1968
(M.Descamps); 6 m. 2 f, Juez IV-Ricaurte, 1000
malt., Nov 1968 (M.Descamps); 4 m, 1 f, El
Diviso-Barbacoa, 700 m alt., Nov. 1968
(M.Descamps); 31 m, 25 f, betw. Espriella
Tumac and Campo Experimental IF A, 300 m
alt., Nov 1968 (M.Descamps); 1 f, Junin 10 km
from Barbacoa, Nov 1968 (M.Descamps)
(PARIS). ECUADOR. Prov. Esmeraldas: lm, 1 f,
Hda. Guinchele, 7 km. E. of Esmeraldas, May
1963 (TH.Hubbell, LE.Pena) (ANN ARBOR); 5 m,
6 f, El Placer, 24 (RR) km NW of Lita, 600-650
m alt., Jul 1985 (RO.Prumm); 16 m, 5 f, same
locality, 675 m alt., 00°52' N, 78°32' W
(GS.Gleen) (PHILADELPHIA). Prov. Pichincha: 1
m, 1 f, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 2000
ft (RW:Hodges) (ANN ARBOR); Santo Domingo
de los Colorados; 1 f, Jun 1965 (LE.Pena); 4 m,
4f,1905(P.Rivet);1m,1930 (R.Benoist) (PARIS);
12 m, 10 f, Tandapi, 00°25' S, 78°47' W, 1300-
1500 m alt., Jun 1945 (LE.Pena); 2 f, 3-9 km
from Mindo, 5300 ft, May 1978, along roadside
on secondary growth (R.Voss) (ANN ARBOR); 3
f, above Mindo, 1500 malt., 00°03'S, 78°46'W;
2 m, 1 f, Mindo Road, 1500 m alt., W slope of
Aug 1986 (GS.Gleen) (PHILADELPHIA); Prov.
Tungurahua: 1 m, 3 f. Ambato (col. Finot)
(PARIS); Prov. Guayas: 5 m, 9 f, Rio Frio, 20 km
E. of Hacienda Balao Chico, Apr 1963
(TH.Hubbell, LE.Pena) (ANN ARBOR). Without
indication of Province: 1 m, Dos Puentes, 1750
ft. Jan 1939 (WJ.Coxey) (PHILADELPHIA).
"Quito": 1m,2 f, 1930 (R.Benoist): 1 f, "Quito,
au pied du volcan du Corazon", June. (PARIS).
These specimens may be from the area near
Quito, towards the Pacific side of the Andes,
but the exact place of collection is uncertain.
Oistribution.-(Fig. 71). This subspecies
ranges along the western slope of the Andes in
Colombia and Ecuador, from sea level to 1600-
Identification.-When describing P. gracilis,
Hebard (1924: 186) remarks that this species
may be distinguished from P. carrikeri by its
shorter tegmina in both sexes, by. the male
cerci armed near the apex with a blunt internal
tubercle, and lip-like extremity of subgenital
plate smaller. These differences can be clearly
seen in the types, but on examining the present
series it can be seen that differences in the cerci
and subgenital plate lie well inside the in-
traspecific variation. As to the length of the
tegmina, there seems to be a dine from N. to S.
Colombian specimens from Dept. El Valle have
tegmina surpassing the end of hind femora.
Those from Dept. Narino, farther south and
near Ecuador have slightly shorter tegmina,
while Ecuadorian specimens have tegmina not
reaching the end of hind femora. The overall
size of the specimens is also smaller in general
for the Ecuadorian ones. There is no reason in
my opinion to consider gracilis as a different
species from carrikeri. Their types represent
the extremes of geographic intraspecific varia-
tion. This subspecies closely resembles the
nominate one both in morphological and chro-
matic characters, the main differences being as
follows: Fastigium as in Fig. 56. Tegmina (Fig.
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
41) usually reaching tips of hind femora, with
apices obliquely truncated, some Ecuadorian
specimens having slightly shorter tegmina.
External apical spine on hind tibiae absent in
all specimens (of both sexes) examined. Male
terminalia (Fig. 49) with cerci often less sharply
bent mesad in their apical third, with apical
internal tubercle frequently smaller; caudal
end of subgenital plate usually somewhat nar-
rower. Phallic complex (Fig. 63) show some
differences from that of nominate subspecies,
especially in the form of the cingulum and
apical endophallic valves. Chromatic charac-
ters are mostly coincident with those of nomi-
nate subspecies, but antennae in the present
one usually lighter in color; entirely cinnamon
in some specimens, in others flagellum dark-
ens gradually towards apex; the flagellar seg-
ments which are light-colored on the outside
in nominate subspecies are not visible in the
lighter-colored antennae, but are sometimes
noticeable in the darker ones.
Note on gut contents.-Specimen from Ec-
uador, Pichincha: unidentified fibrous dicot
with very regular fibers; also pieces of
Gramineae.
B. CuRTIPENNIS SPECIES GROUP
Includes M. curtipennis (Scudder), M. obtusa
obtusa (Stal), M. obtusa solimoensis n. ssp., M.
emarginata (Stal), M.cerdai n. sp., M. terramar n.
sp. and M. ariariensis n. sp. By their morphol-
ogy, all of them seem to be related, in different
degrees, to the "Annulicornis" group.
27. Maculiparia curtipennis (Scudder 1875)
Figs. 21, 42, 49, 56, 63, 78, Table 24
Phaeoparia curtipennis Scudder 1875: 277, 1897: 209; Kirby
1910: 426; Liebermann 1963: 63; Otte 1978: 72 (loca-
tion of type).
Maculiparia curtipennis; Jago 1980.
Type.-Male holotype labeled "Phaeoparia
curtipennis Scudd., Type, Peruvian Andes",
"Scudder's type 1875", in PHILADELPHIA. The
type-locality and collector are stated by
Scudder (1875: 277) as "Peru, Eastern slope of
Andes, J.Orton".
61
Specimens examined. PERU. Dept. Loreto: 3
m, 2 f, Huallaga River, Yurimaguas, Mar-Apr
1920 (HS.Parish) (PHILADEPHIA); 2 m, Rio
Yubineto, Mar 1978 (M.Descamps); 8 m, 4 f,
same locality and collector, Aug 1978 (PARIS).
ECUADOR. Prov. Napo: 1 m, Dos Rios, 2 km
NE of Tena, 800 malt. (TH.Hubbell, LE.Pena);
3 m, 3 f, 8 km SE of Tena, 2 km S of Ongota May
1963 (TH.Hubbell, LE.Pena); 1 m, 2 f, Santa
Cecilia (00°02' N, 76°58' W) on Rio Aguarico,
Jul 1966 (CR.Patrick); 2 m, Coca [now Puerto
Francisco de Orellana] (00°28' S, 76°58' W) on
Rio Napo, May 1965 (LE.Pena) (ANN ARBOR);
12 m, 3 f, Tena-Misahualli, Jatun Sacha, Mar
1990 (S.Poulain); 2 f, Rio Arajuno, Feb 1987
(K.Riede) (PARIS).
Distribution.- (Fig. 78). The known locali-
ties of collection lie in or near the eastern slope
of the Andes, in the westernmost part of the
Amazonian basin in Ecuador and Peru.
Identification.- Males and females of this
species characterized by their extremely blunt
head and very rugose integument; fastigium
in both sexes very short (Fig. 56), its length
about 1/2 or less of interocular distance, and
the lack of external apical spine on hind femora.
Male (Fig. 21). Antennae filiform; maxillary
palpi with apical segment wide, flat, light-
colored. Pronotal disk (Fig. 49) with marked
median carina, mostly represented by a linear
series of protuberances, without lateral ones;
tegmina short and rather wide (Fig. 42); Ab-
dominal terminalia (Fig. 49) with widely sepa-
rated triangular furculae, cerci strongly bent
mesad but without tubercles or other modifi-
cations; epiproct divided into a basal square
part bearing four acutely pointed tubercles,
and a triangular apical one; subgenital plate
with convex edges meeting apically in a blunt
point. Phallic complex (Fig. 63): cingulum with
rami partially united dorsally; apical
endophallic valves short and narrow in lateral
view; epiphallus with large, low and wide
lophi with small black protuberances on up-
per edges. Chromatic characters. Face, ante-
rior parts of genae and of mandibles from pale
cinnamon to buff-yellow in different individu-
als; fore legs, middle tibiae and apical half of
hind ones pale scarlet in fresh specimens, in

62 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
Fig. 21. Maculiparia curtipennis, male, habitus. Specimen from Ecuador, Napa,
between rivers Rumiyacu and Tiputini. Scale line 5 mm.
most collection ones of a slightly reddish cin-
namon; the rest of the insect considerably
darker colored in most cases, in shades of
chestnut, burnt-umber to fuscous; postocular-
genal band apparent in some specimens, in
others reduced to series of irregular dark mark-
ings; vertex may be buff-colored with dark
marks in some specimens, uniformly dark in
others; middle femora cinnamon or buff, with
dark markings as shown in figure of whole
insect; hind femora variable from cinnamon to
fuscous, in the first case always spotted with
fuscous: carina at lower limit of pinnae always
dark-colored with light-colored sectors as
shown in Fig. 21; hind tibiae fuscous at bases,
getting gradually lighter towards apices, which
may be dirty scarlet to ferruginous in different
specimens; tegmina with area between Cul
and RM almost entirely black and shiny, or
with two or three separate areas of this color
and texture. Female. Considerably larger than
male but otherwise similar in form, rugosity of
integument and proportions. Chromatic char-
acters: most females show a profuse array of
irregular fuscous spots and markings over a
cinnamon to cinnamon-rufous background
r
Maculiparia curtipennis
which shows its larger areas on frontal part of
head. Among the specimens examined there
are a male and a female (from Peru, Loreto, Rio
Yubineto) undoubtedly of this species, which
are almost uniformly cinnamon, with only
scarce and small dark markings.
28. Maculiparia obtusa (Stal 1878)
A polytypic species ranging over a vast
territory in the Amazonian basin, including
parts of the Brazilian states of Amazonas and
Para, the Province of Loreto in Peru, and that
of Amazonas in Colombia. While a number of
specimens from Peru and Colombia have been
found to agree closely with Stal's type, most of
the Brazilian ones represent a different sub-
species. Also from one locality in Peru come
specimens which do not quite agree with the
nominate subspecies, being apparently inter-
mediates between it and the one found in
Brazil. The whole obtusa complex seems to be
the closest Amazonian short-winged relative
of the "Annulicornis" species group. Struc-
ture of the male abdominal terminalia and
phallic complex point to this relationship.
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
Fig. 22. Maculiparia obtusa obtusa, male, habitus. Specimen from Peru, Loreto, road
Iquitos-Nauta. Scale line 5 mm.
28a. Maculiparia obtusa obtusa (Stal 1878)
Figs. 22, 42, 50, 56, 64, 79, Table 25
Phaeoparia obtusa Stat 1878: 58. Kirby 1910: 426. Campos
1923: 24. Sjiistedt 1933: 36 (type material).
Maculiparia obtusa; Jago 1980: 221
Type.-Male holotype labeled "Peru,
Boucard" in STOCKHOLM. Adolphe Boucard
was a collector and dealer in insects. He trav-
eled mostly in Central America and also in S.
America. I have been unable to ascertain where
he collected in Peru, but the series of this
species collected later indicate that the type
must have come from the general region of
Iquitos in the Prov. of Loreto.
Specimens examined. PERU. Dept. Loreto: 3
m, 3 f, Rio Yubineto, Jul-Aug 1978
(M.Descamps); 11 m, 7 f, Iquitos-Nauta road,
C.I. Allpahuayo II AP, Oct-Nov 1991
(S.Poulain) (PARIS); 1 m. Iquitos Jul 1920
(Cornell Univ. Exp. lot 607); 1 m, Iquitos, Mar
1920 (HS.Parish) (PHILADELPHIA); 1m,4 f, Mar
and Dec 1964 (JE.Licht) (ANN ARBOR); 1 m,
Putumayo district, la Chorrera to La Sombra
(locality not found on maps of Peru) Aug 1920
(Cornell Univ. Exp. lot 569) (PHILADELPHIA).
----------------------
63
Maculiparia o. obtusa
COLOMBIA. Dept. Amazonas: 20 m, 20 f, Rio
Igara Parana, 30 km downstream from La
Chorrera, Jun-Jul 1974 (M.Descamps); 27 m,
12 f, La Sabana, Jul 1974 (M.Descamps) (this
locality is in the headwaters of the Rio
Cahuinari, some 30 km. due E of La Chorrera
on the Rio Igara Parana) (PARIS).
Distribution.-(Fig. 79). Most specimens ex-
amined come from the Department of Loreto
in Peru, between Iquitos and Nauta on the left
margin of the Amazonas River. Also some
specimens representing this subspecies come
from some place (not found on maps) in the
Putumayo district of the said Departmen_t,
near the border with Colombia. From Colom-
bia I have examined specimens from the mar-
gins of the Igara Parana and the Cahuinq.ri
rivers, in an area next to the one where Peru-
vian specimens were found. Thus the territory
of this subspecies lies as far as known in the
Amazonian basin, west of that of M. o.
solimoensis, in the Peruvian Dept. of Loreto
and the Colombian Dept. of Amazonas.
Identification.- Male (Fig. 22). Antennae
filiform; head blunt, length of fastigium (Fig.
56) about 1 /2 of interocular distance in males,
less than that in females; both sexes without
_................. --------------~~~
r
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 65
64

external apical spine on hind tibiae, males RM two, sometimes three, black shiny spots of
with apical segment of maxillary palpi wide, variable shape and extension. Darker colored
flat and light-colored. Pronotum (Fig. 50) males have the whole of lateral lobes of
slightly emarginated medially at its anterior pronotum, meso- and metapleurae, sides of
margim, acutely produced at its middle on abdomen the whole of hind femora and basal
posterior one. Tegmina (Fig. 42) rather wide, part of hind tibiae chestnut to fuscous; fore
contiguous dorsally. Male abdominal and middle tibiae and all tarsi, ventral part of
terminalia (Fig. 50): furculae small, lobiform, body and distal half of hind femora reddish
widely separated; cerci thick and short, wide ferruginous; tegmina in these specimens con-
at bases, somewhat rugose, sharply curved siderably darker than in lighter-colored ones,
inwards, with swollen apices; epiproct with frequently with the whole area between Cul
rectangular basal part, its lateral margins some- and RM fuscous, but in the areas where the
what upturned, with pre-apical tubercles and dark, shiny patches usually lie, the membrane
angular points at posterior angles, apical por- is smooth, with no trace of veins. Females are
tion of epiproct short, subtriangular, its sides usually almost uniformly colored cinnamon
concave, apex rounded; subgenital plate in to tawny, the darker ones with numerous and
dorsal view short, evenly rounded or some- irregular fuscous patches, especially on abdo-
what truncated (in the type and other speci- men and hind femora; under surface of the Maculiparia
mens). Phallic complex (Fig. 64) with wide, latter colored as described for male. Tegmina obtusa solimoensis
shield-like cingulum, its apodemes united with one to three black shiny maculae. 23
medially for the most part, separated anteri-
orly by V-shaped incision; apical endophallic 28b. Maculiparia obtusa solimoensis n. ssp.
valves rather long, wide in lateral view: Figs. 23, 42, 50, 56, 64, 79, Table 26
Fig. 23. Maculiparia obtusa solimoensis, male, habitus. Para type from Brasil, Amazonas,
epiphallus with high, peculiarly shaped lophi Tabatinga. Scale line 5 mm.
Etymology.- From "Solimoes" the Brazil-
as shown in Fig. 64 H. Chromatic characters,
particularly in males, vary between wide lim- ian name given to the River Amazonas up-
stream from the mouth of the Rio Negro. Distribution.-(Fig. 79). The present sub- edly similar in size, proportions, form and
its, some specimens being very light-colored,
Type series.-Male holotype from BRASIL. species has been found mostly in the Brazilian coloration to the nominate one. Male as shown
others much darker, some intermediate be-
Amazonas State: Tabatinga, Oct 1977 (B.Silva) part of the Amazonian basin. Most specimens in Fig. 23. Fastigium (Fig. 56) very blunt, shows
tween the two extremes. Male: Antennae with
(RIO DE JANEIRO). Para types: 5 males from same examined come from the left margin of the slight differences with that of nominate sub-
scape, pedicel and a few basal segments of
river, in the area between Manaus and species. Pronotum (Fig. 50) has front edge
flagellum buff-yellow, the rest of flagellum locality and collector, dated Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct
Tabatinga. A few specimens from the right evenly rounded, rarely with the slight emar-
black. Lighter specimens with face, anterior 1977: 1 f same locality and collector, Jul 1977: gination of nominate subspecies. Tegmina (Fig.
margin (Teffe) and from localities S. of the
parts of genae and of mandibles, vertex, same locality; 2 m, 1 f, Aug 1984 (0.Roppa, 42) are contiguous dorsally as in nominate
River, in some cases considerably far from it
pronotal disk, upper surfaces of tegmina, meso- B.Silva): same locality; 3 m, 4 f, Dec 1977 subspecies, but generally wider. External api-
have been also identified as this subspecies
and metapleurae, hind femora and all of abdo- (JG.Pereira); same locality and collector; 2 m, 4 cal spine on hind tibiae absent (both sexes).
(Atalaya do Norte on the Javari River,
men light cinnamon to buff-yellow; postocu- f, Nov 1977; 4 m, 4 f, Feb. 1978; 1 f, Manaus, Abdominal terminalia of male and phallic com-
Jacareacanga on the left margin of the Tapajos
lar-genal band, posterior part of mandibles Igarape Tamma, May 1979 (O.Roppa, B.Silva); plex, however, allow its easy and reliable iden-
River, some 400 km S. of the Amazonas River,
and sometimes also of eyes chestnut to fuscous, lm, 1 f, Manaus, Igarape Bolivia, May 1979 tification. Male terminalia (Fig. 50) has furcu-
and Serra dos Carajas on the Tocantins River
this color continued on lateral lobes of (0.Roppa, B.Silva); 1 m, 1 f, Atalaia do Norte, lae similar to nominate subspecies: cerci are
basin, also about 400 km S. of the Amazonas
pronotum but only on upper parts next to disk Nov. 1977 (B.Silva) (RIO DE JANEIRO); 3 m, road considerably longer and more slender, much
River). On the Peruvian side, specimens from
and on anterior margin, getting lighter down- Manaus-Itacoatiara km 64, Oct 1977 less rugose, regularly incurved, their apical
this subspecies come from the eastern part of
wards and backwards from said areas to al- (M.Descamps) (PARIS) (RIO DE JANEIRO). PERU. swelling less marked; epiproct has basal part
the Department of Loreto, from a locality called
most same color as upper parts of body; in fore Prov Loreto: 2 m, Estir6n, Rio Ampiyacu, Oct proportionally narrower and longer, its sides
Estir6n, on the River Ampiyacu, some 60 km
and middle legs and hind tibiae and all tarsi 1981 (S.Poulain) (PARIS). slightly convergent caudad; apical part nar-
Specimens examined, not marked as due N. of the Amazonas River and about 200
this latter color becomes somewhat suffused rower and longer; subgenital plate in dorsal
paratypes. BRASIL. Para State: 1 m, km WNW of Tabatinga, the westernmost Bra-
with orange; lower surface of hind femora view apically truncated, often slightly
Jacareacanga, Dec 1968 (M.Alvarenga) (ANN zilian locality from which we have specimens
with outer sulcus fuscous, inner one reddish emarginated medially. Phallic complex (Fig.
ARBOR); Amazonas State: 2 m, Teffe, Dec 1929 of this subspecies.
ferruginous; tegmina concolor with upper parts 64) has a fairly similar cingulum, but apical
Identification.- This subspecies is mark-
of body, but having on area between Cul and (HS.Parish) (PHILADELPHIA).

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
66
endophallic valves are shorter, and in lateral
view pointed and of a different shape.
Epiphallus has lophi different in shape and
structure. Chromatically, most specimens are
rather like the darker specimens described for
the nominal subspecies; sides of abdomen are
fuscous in almost all of them, tibiae, tarsi and
underside of body reddish ferruginous; teg-
mina in most male specimens uniformly
fuscous in the Cul to RM area, sometimes
parts of it marked by smooth patches where
veins can not be seen; in some of the males this
dark color separated into three distinct shiny
maculae. Females are in general very similar
to and hardly separable from those of the
nominal subspecies. However, the specimens
examined show no reddish tinge in tibiae and
tarsi. Tegmina have always two or three sepa-
rate black shiny maculae in the usual area.
Intermediates between subspecies
Figs. 42, 50
The specimens listed below, seem to be
intermediates between the two above subspe-
cies. Tegmina are contiguous dorsally and in
general approach the form of same in M. o.
solimoensis. (Fig. 50). Male abdominal
terminalia (Fig. 50): they approach M. o.
solimoensis, furculae are small and lobiform;
cerci longer, angularly bent mesad at its
middle, approach those in M. o. solimoensis, its
tips downcurved in lateral view and without
apical swellings; epiproct is proportionally
longer and narrower, subgenital plate in dor-
sal view evenly rounded. In its phallic com-
plex (not figured) they show slight differences
with both subspecies, especially in the struc-
ture of the epiphallus, which, though similar
in general aspect, differs in several details.
Specimens examined. PERU: Prov. Loreto; 11
m and 14 f "Colonia" (place not in maps)
upstream from the confluence of the Rivers
Zumun and Yahuasyacu, May-Jun 1978
(M.Descamps) (PARIS) (PARIS, RIO DE JANEIRO).
The place of collection is located some 70 km
NW of Pebas (C.Amedegnato, pers. comm.).
In the 1973 map of Peru, scale 1: 1000000 of the
"Instituto Geografico Militar" of Peru, these
rivers are labeled respectively Zumma and
r
CARLOS S. CARBONELL 67
Amacayacu. In a locality called Estir6n, a few
kilometers S. of it, in the same river-system,
typical specimens of M. o. solimoensis were
collected.
29. Maculiparia emarginata (Stal 1878)
Figs. 24, 42, 50, 56, 64, 72, Table 27
Phaeoparia emarginata Stal 1878: 59; Bruner 1908: 280;
Kirby 1910: 426; Sjostedt 1933: 36 (type specimen);
Roberts 1937: 356 (distr.); Descamps and Amedegnato
1970: 884.
Maculiparia emarginata; Jago 1980: 221.
Type.-Female holotype from VENEZU-
ELA, Puerto Cabello [State of Carabobo] in
STOCKHOLM. .r y
Specimens examined.-VENEZUELA.
Carabobo State: 5 m, 1 f, San Esteban, Oct-Nov Maculiparia
1939 (P.Anduze); 2 m, San Esteban, Oct-Nov
1910 (MA.Carriker Jr.); 1 m, Las Quiguas, Sep
24 emarginata
1910 (MA.Carriker Jr.) (PHILADELPHIA); 5 m, 4
f, Trincheras, Jul 1981 (M.Descamps) (PARIS); 1
m, San Esteban, Aug 1983 (A.Delgado) Fig. 24. Maculiparia emarginata, male, habitus. Specimen from Venezuela, Carabobo, San Esteban.
(MARACA Y). Distrito Federal: 1 m, Los Canales,
Scale line 5 mm.
Naiguata, Sep 1938 (CV.Berther) (PHILADEL-
PHIA). Aragua State: 5 m, 4 f, Choroni (N. of
Maracay), forest, Jul 1998 (D.Otte, HR.Roberts)
(PHILADELPHIA); 5 f, Tiara, 1200 m alt., Nov.
1992 (J.Clavijo, A.Chacon); 1 m, Rancho
Grande, Apr 1986 (R. Candia) (MARACAY).
Monagas State: 1 m, Via Carico-Caripe Apr
1989 (MARACAY). Descamps and Amedegnato
(1970: 884) mention this species, with doubts,
for French Guiana; I have not examined the
voucher specimens.
Distribution.-(Fig. 72). According to the
above recorded localities of collection, this
species inhabits a large territory in northern
Venezuela, which includes parts of the states
of Carabobo, Aragua, Distrito Federal and
Monagas. It probably comprises also parts of
the intervening states of Miranda, Anzoategui
and Sucre.
Identification.- This species has been par- Maculiparia cerdai
ticularly difficult to identify in the course of
the work leading to this paper, due to the fact
that its unique female type represents an ex-
treme variation in color and shape, not found Fig. 25. Maculiparia cerdai, male, habitus. Holotype from Venezuela, Amazonas, San Pedro de
in the specimens at hand during most of my Cataniapo. Scale line 5 mm.
68 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL
69

work. The type specimen has a very large and with light-colored areas externally; face, ante- The female here designated as para type comes to black, tegmina colored as in male but darker
wide head and is almost entirely of a green rior parts of mandibles and of genae, vertex, from a place distant some 300 km from the areas described for that sex only slightly darker
color (parrot-green to lime-green) while its pronotal disk, tegmina and most of abdomen type-locality, but I think its overall similarity than rest of tegmen.
hind tibiae are scarlet. All the other specimens and legs buff-yellow; hind femora in some with the male holotype is a strong indication
examined at first (some of them practically specimens with the external face (pinnae) of its being conspecific. As to its place of col- 31. Maculiparia ariariensis n. sp.
topotypes) had a markedly narrower head, slightly tinged with green; the genicular lobe lection, it must be noticed that "headwaters of Figs. 26, 43, 51, 57, 65, 74, 76, Table 29
and were colored (both sexes) in hues of cin- and area immediately before them and the the Rio Negro", does not refer to the well-
namon to chestnut or fuscous, without traces whole of hind tibiae light chrome-orange; pos- known Rio Negro flowing into the Amazon, Etymology.- Named after the Ariari River,
of green anywhere. In 1994 I borrowed from tocular-genal band and lateral lobes of prono- but to a small river in the area, affluent of the near which the type series was found.
MARACA Y a series of this species, including tum chestnut to bunt-umber; tegmina uni- Orinoco. Type series.- Holotype male labeled CO-
a green female, similar to the holotype in body formly colored as the lighter parts of body. Identification.- Male shown in Fig. 25. Head LOMBIA, Dept. Vaupes, Bocas del Ariari, 10-
color (though not in head width). Some of the Females similar to males in most morphologi- blunt, fastigium (Fig. 57) a little over half of 13Jul1970 (M.Descamps). Para types, 3 male, 3
males in this latter series had some green in cal characters, median carina on pronotal disk interocular distance in males, less than half of female, same data as holotype (PARIS). Only
their general coloration. Coincidence of many more prominent. Chromatic characters. Most it in females. Hind tibiae in both sexes without the type-series known.
morphological details of the type and the se- females examined are cinnamon with some external apical spine. Pronotal disk (Fig. 51) Distribution.-(Figs. 74, 76). As to the type-
ries at hand allowed me to ascertain that the fuscous markings, especially on head and with well marked dorsal carina, without lat- locality, I have been informed (Prof. 0. Briceno,
latter were conspecific with the holotype, and pronotum, these markings more conspicuous eral ones. Tegmina (Fig. 43) rather narrow, not pers. comm.) that the Ariari River runs NW-SE
at present I have no doubts about the identity in general on places corresponding to pos- contiguous dorsally, without maculae in both in the Department of Meta (not in Vaupes as
of this species, even if the head of the holotype tocular band and lateral pronotal lobes, some- sexes, lateral surfaces darker than anal ones, stated in the label). In maps of Colombia it can
is considerably wider than that of any the times also on abdomen and hind femora; teg- especially in the male. Male abdominal be seen that "Bocas del Ariari" (mouth of the
other specimens of the same sex examined. mina in all females examined with one round terminalia (Fig. 51): furculae lobiform, rounded Ariari River) is in the S. of the Dept. of Meta,
Males and females of this species lack external or oval black shiny macula near the end of the apically, placed close to the midline; cerci com- the Ariari flowing into the River Guaviare
apical spine on hind femora. Male with apical area between Cul and RM. The green form of pressed, incurved, somewhat rugose dorsally, (limit of Dept. Meta with Dept. Guaviare)
segment of maxillary palpi wide, flat and female (found in the holotype and only one tips flat and spatulate. Phallic complex (Fig. roughly between the towns of Puerto Arturo
cream-colored; fastigium in both sexes short, specimen) is almost uniformly parrot-green to 65): cingulum with apodemes widely united and El Recreo, approx. 02°30'N, 72°50'W. I
nearly as long as interocular distance in males, lime-green; hind tibiae are scarlet in the holo- dorsally in 2/3 of length of cingulum, sepa- have been further informed (C. Amedegnato,
about half of it in females. Male (Fig. 24): type and green in the other specimen. rated at cephalic ends by V-shaped incision; pers. comm.) that in the map used by Descamps
pronotal disk (Fig. 50) with marked dorsal apical endophallic valves compressed, wide during his 1970 trip in Colombia, what is now
carina, without lateral ones. Tegmina (Fig. 42) 30. Maculiparia cerdai n. sp. in lateral view; epiphallus with high, pointed the Department of Guaviare was not figured,
not contiguous dorsally, without maculae in Figs. 25, 43, 51, 57, 65, 76, Table 28 lophi, diverging upwards as seen in frontal being then the northern part of the Dept. of
males, with one round black shiny macula in view; anchorae wide and divergent of an un- Vaupes, and that the area of his collecting is
females. Abdominal terminalia (Fig. 50): fur- Etymology.- Named after my friend and usual shape. Chromatic characters. Male: Face marked in this map by a circle which includes
culae triangular, acutely pointed, their apices colleague Dr. Francisco Cerda, of Maracay, and mandibles, vertex, disk of pronotum and both sides of the River Guaviare at the site of
almost over margins of epiproct; cerci conical, Venezuela, an outstanding researcher on Or- dorsum of abdomen buff-yellow to buff; pos- the mouth of the Ariari river. The type locality
strongly bent inwards at apical thirds, some- thoptera. tocular-genal band, lateral lobes of pronotum for this species is thus in what is now the
what dilated apically in most specimens; Type series.-Male holotype from VENEZU- and sides of abdomen chestnut to fuscous; all Department of Guaviare, in front of the mouth
epiproct with distinct subrectangular basal ELA, Amazonas, San Pedro de Catania po, 100 legs light chestnut, lower external sulcus of of the Ariari River. This region lies in the basin
part, its sides slightly convergent caudad, and m alt., 23-27 Aug 1981 (JL.Garcia). Female hind femora fuscous; hind tibiae cinnamon to of the River Orinoco.
small, narrow, tongue-like a pi cal part; paratype VENEZUELA, Amazonas, Ouida light cinnamon-rufous. Tegmina mostly Identification.- In males and females, head
subgenital plate squarely truncated. Phallic National Park, Marahaka, headwaters of Rio concolor with pronotal lobes or lighter, area blunt, fastigium as long as 1/2 of interocular
complex (Fig. 64): cingulum with broad Negro (03°3l'N, 65°32'W) 890 m, 27-31 Jan between Cul and RM and posterior margin distance or slightly shorter, and hind tibiae
apodemes, separated in most of their length; 1992 (Terramar expedition, J.Clavijo, slightly darkened. The female above marked without traces of outer apical spines. Male
apical endophalic valves rather long and nar- A.Chacon) MARACAY. Only the type series as paratype closely coincides with male in (Fig. 26). Fastigium (Fig. 57) very blunt.
row; epiphallus with low lop hi, angularly bent known. shape and coloration, the lighter areas, espe- Pronotal disk (Fig. 51) with faintly marked
as seen in dorsal view. Chromatic characters. Distribution.-(Fig. 76). San Pedro de cially the face somewhat sprinkled with median carina, without lateral ones; tegmina
Males. Antennae with scape, pedicel and 3 to Catania po, not found in the maps consulted, is fuscous dots, postocular-genal band and sides (Fig. 43) short, partially covering auditory or-
4 basal segments of flagellum cream-colored, a small Indian village on the River Cataniapo, of pronotum not as dark-colored as in male; gan, separated dorsally. Abdominal terminalia
segment 5-6 getting gradually darker, and all South of Puerto Ayacucho, approx. coordi- sides of abdomen, especially basal segments (Fig. 51) with wide, triangular furculae placed
the rest of flagellum fuscous, some segments nates 05°30'N, 67°30'W (F. Cerda, pers. comm.). almost black, region of pinnae and lower ex- close together at midline, cerci simple, conical,
ternal sulcus in hind femora very dark fuscous thick at bases, apical third markedly thinner
 r
70 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL
and bent inwards, without tubercles or other
modifications; epiproct divided into basal and
apical parts, the former with sides straight,
converging caudad, the latter small and
subtriangular; subgenital plate evenly
rounded apically. Phallic complex (Fig. 65):
cingulum shield-like in dorsal view, apodemes
almost entirely united dorsally; apical
endophallic valves wide as seen from the sides,
in dorsal view appear bifurcated at their api-
ces; epiphallus with high, wide lophi, with
small black tubercles on upper edges. Chro-
matic characters. Male. Face, anterior parts of
y genae and mandibles eyes, fastigium, vertex
and pronotal disk pale cinnamon to buff-yel-
low, of this color also most of the abdomen,
Maculiparia ariariensis legs and lower parts of lateral lobes of
pronotum; post-ocular-genal band, posterior
parts of mandibles, upper parts of lateral lobes
of pronotum or almost all of them in other
specimen, meso- and metapleurae chestnut to
russet; tegmina may be entirely pale cinna-
Fig. 26. Maculiparia ariariensis, male, habitus. Para type from Colombia, Vaupes, Bocas del Ariari. mon, or have basal part of costal area and also
Scale line 5 mm. area between Cul and MS tinged with fuscous,
but without any part resembling the polished
black maculae of other species; hind femora
with lower external sulcus bluish gray, hind
tibiae of same color but with tips of spines
reddish chestnut. Female. Similar in general
to male, but fastigium rather strongly rugose.
Chromatic characters. Almost uniformly col-
ored cinnamon, with some chestnut sparkling
or patches, especially on lateral lobes of prono-
tum and sides of abdomen, but also in other
areas of body; of the two known females, one
has one tegmen with a small dark macula on
the apical third of the Cul-RM area, this macu-
lae lacking on the other one; the other female
has on the same place a large shiny black
macula only on one of the tegmina. Lower part
of hind femora and hind tibiae colored as in
males.
27 Maculiparia terramar
32. Maculiparia terramar n. sp.
Figs. 27, 43, 51, 57, 65, 76, Table 30
Etymology.-Named after the "Fundaci6n
Fig. 27. Maculiparia terramar, male, habitus. Holotype from Venezuela, Amazonas, Aracamuni Norte.
Terramar", a private organization in Venezu-
ela, for his valuable collaboration to scientific
Scale line 5 mm.
71
activities. The type-specimen of this species
was collected in one of its expeditions.
Type series.-Holotype male form VENEZU-
ELA, Amazonas Territory, Aracamuni Norte
(01°32'N, 65°49'W), 1415 malt., 24-30Oct1987
(Terramar Expediton) (MARACA Y). The type is
the only specimen known.
Distribution.-(Fig. 76). Aracamuni Norte
is one of the westernmost "tepuis" (Table
mountains) of the Roraima Group, in the
Guayana shield. It lies in the limit of the
Orinoco and Amazonas watersheds.
Identification.- The present species is very
similar to P. ariariensis except for its very dif-
ferent abdominal terminalia and phallic com-
plex. Male (Fig. 27). Antennae filiform. Head
very blunt, fastigium (Fig. 57) very short; ver-
tex with marked median carinula between
eyes, lateral ones at edges of eyes and sides of
fastigium. meeting roundly at apex behind
transverse depression; apical segments of max-
illary palpi flat and light-colored but not very
wide. Pronotum (Fig. 51) with median carina
neatly marked except between first and sec-
ond transverse sulci, lateral ones absent, disk
rounding into lateral lobes; front edge straight
with very small median emargination, poste-
rior one slightly projected caudad in a very
obtuse angle with rounded apex. Tegmina
(Fig. 43) short, narrowly separated dorsally,
slightly surpassing caudal edge of first ab-
dominal tergum, partially covering auditory
organ; fore femora smooth, middle ones with
several longitudinal carinae, hind ones with
rather strongly serrulated dorsal carinae; no
traces of external apical spine on hind tibiae.
Abdominal terminalia (Fig. 51) of most un-
usual structure for any phaeoparine species:
posterior edge of tenth abdominal tergite with
very small, lobiform furculae placed close to-
gether, roundly curving outside from this point
to above the edges of epiproct, where they are
projected caudad in almost right angles; cerci
wide, with swollen basal parts, and apical two
thirds slender, strongly bent upwards and
inwards; epiproct with basal and apical parts
neatly differentiated, the former twice as wide
as long, the latter wide as 1I3 of the former
and equal to it in length, its apex squarely
72 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
truncated. Subgenital plate short, evenly
rounded in dorsal view. Phallic complex (Fig.
65): cingulum with rami almost entirely united
dorsally; apical endophallic valves short, wide
and compressed; epiphallus with widely sepa-
rated anchorae, lophi high and square. Chro-
matic characters. Antennae with scape, pedicel
and basal fifth of flagellum buff-yellow, the
rest piceous, with three buff-yellow bands
evenly spaced. Cinnamon-colored areas in-
clude face, a very small triangle on anterior
articulation of mandibles, anterior parts of
eyes, vertex, pronotal disk and most of lateral
lobes, mesa- and metapleurae, upper parts of
tegmina and of hind femora. Darker areas
chestnut to fuscous include posterior parts of
eyes, most of visible lateral surfaces of man-
dibles, upper parts of lateral lobes of pronotum,
at limit with disk; some areas of middle and
hind femora and on lateral parts of tegmina
and lower parts of last abdominal tergites.
Front femora and all tibiae, ventral part of
whole body and internal lower sulcus of hind
femora chrome-orange.
c. ALEJOMESAI SPECIES GROUP
It includes only one species which shows a
different combination of characters from all
the others in the genus, plus some of its own.
It may deserve separate generic status, but I
have preferred to leave it in the present genus
until more is known of its constitution from
additional collecting within its range.
33. Maculiparia alejomesai n. sp.
Figs. 28, 43, 51, 57, 65, 79, Table 31
Etymology.- Named after Dr. Alejo Mesa,
an outstanding researcher on the Orthoptera,
who collected the first known specimens of
this species.
Type.-Holotype male from BRASIL,
Rondonia State, Omo Pre to do Oeste, Dec 1983
(B.Silva) (RIO DE JANEIRO). Para types, 5 m, same
data as holotype. Also marked as paratypes:
PERU. Dept. Loreto: 6 m, 6 f, Tamshiyaco on
Rio Ucayali, Feb 1962 (A.Mesa). 1f,36 km W of
Pucallpa, Sep 1978 (M.Descamps) (RIO DE
JANEIRO, RIO CLARO, PHILADELPHIA, PARIS). Not
CARLOS S. CARBONELL 73
marked as paratypes: PERU. Dpto. Loreto; 1
m, 1 f, Puerto Oriente on Rio Ucayali, 7 km
above Contamana, Apr. 1963 (TH.Hubbell,
LE.Pena) (ANN ARBOR).
Distribution.-(Fig. 79). According to the Ii
above localities of collection, this species seems
to have a rather large range in the SE part of the
/
Amazonas basin. Two of these localities lie in
Peru, along the Ucayali-Amazonas course. The
/'
third one in the Brasilan State of Rondonia,
\
east of the Madeira River.
Identification.- Head in males (Fig. 28) and
females typical of Maculiparia, fastigium (Fig.
57) as measured from above as long as 1/2 or
less of interocular space; frontal costa in lat- \
eral view (Fig. 51) scarcely prominent in front
of eyes, antennae filiform, apical segments of y y
maxillary palpi wide, flat and light-colored. 28 Maculiparia alejomesai
Pronotum (Fig. 51) with anterior edge almost
straight, in some female specimens slightly
emarginated medially, posterior edge mark-
Fig. 28. Maculiparia alejomesai, male, habitus. Paratype from Peru, Loreto
edly so; median dorsal carina prominent
Tamshiyacu. Scale line 5 mm.
throughout, lateral carinae absent, disk round-
ing into lateral lobes on most of pronotum,
slightly angulated only at posterior end of
prozona and on metazona. Tegmina in both
sexes (Fig. 43) reaching and covering most of
auditory organ, with a shiny black area be-
tween Cul and M in males, this area present
also in females but broken in two or sometimes
3 separate patches, the apical one sometimes
extended downward to the costal area. Exter-
nal apical spine of hind femora entirely lack-
ing in most males and females, rarely present
in rudimentary form. Male abdominal
terminalia (Fig. 51) Phaeoparia-like; furculae
small, triangular; epiproct triangular, its api-
cal part undifferentiated and somewhat
rounded apically; cerci simple, conical, acutely
pointed, slightly incurved, in lateral view
slightly downcurved apically; subgenital plate
as seen from above acutely pointed apically; a Maculiparia
feature not present in either of the above-
named two genera being a finger-like protu-
29 immaculata
berance on the pallium, which harbors the
large apical valves of the endophallus. Phallic
complex (Fig. 65) in some respects differing
widely from those of the two above-named Fig. 29. Maculiparia immaculata, male, habitus. Specimen from British Guiana, Demerara. Scale
genera; cingulum with long, widely separated line 5 mm.
apodemes (like in Phaeoparia) but with rather
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
74
narrow rami, covered laterally by very large
latero-ventral plates; endophallus with short,
small basal part and very large and long apical
valves, having paired, inferior-lateral scler-
ites of uncertain origin attached at their bases;
epiphallus with rather high lop hi bearing small
black tubercles at the middle of its upper edge.
Chromatic characters. Males. Light-colored
areas cinnamon to tawny include scape, pedicel
and base of flagellum, frons, vertex, frontal
parts of eyes, pronotal disk, meso-
metapleurae, tegmina except black area men-
tioned above, fore and middle legs, dorsal
part of the abdomen and of hind femora: dark
areas are dark chestnut to burnt-umber, and
include apical parts of antennal flagella, pos-
terior parts of eyes in most individuals, most
of lateral lobes of pronotum (except lower-
posterior area where this color gradually turns
to the lighter color mentioned above); lateral
bands at sides of abdomen, especially on seg-
ments 2 to 4 (getting fainter caudad of the
latter), inner and lower surface of hind femora
and the whole of hind tibiae. Outer surface of
hind femora mostly of the lighter color men-
tioned above, but irregularly spotted and
marked with the darker one. The dark band at
the sides of the abdomen mentioned above is
especially neat and shiny on segments 2
through 4. Female. Considerably larger and
more uniformly-colored than male. Antennae
filiform and conspicuously banded with the
light and dark colors mentioned below. Body
and legs for the most part cinnamon to tawny,
with irregular small patches on head and
pronotum (especially on its lateral lobes) of
the darker color; dark bands on sides of abdo-
men not as solid as in males but represented
by separate spots on most segments, larger on
basal ones. Inner pagina of hind femora par-
tially or entirely burnt-umber, external lover
sulcus of same entirely of this color, as are the
hind tibiae, particularly at its basal halves, all
its spines a dark shade of this color.
Note.-This species presents in a higher
degree than any other of the Phaeoparia-
Maculiparia complex, a mixture of characters
belonging to both genera. Head, antennae,
pronotum and tegmina are definitely
r CARLOS S. CARBONELL
Maculiparia-like, while abdominal terminalia
are shaped as in Phaeoparia. Its phallic com-
plex has several features of its own, found in
neither of the other two genera.
D. IMMACULATA SPECIES GROUP
Includes two species which are obviously
related (M._immaculata and M. havilandae) and
a third one with some characters in common
(M. huilensisis) which may indicate either true
relationship or simple convergence.
34. Maculiparia immaculata (Bruner 1908)
Figs. 29, 41, 52, 57, 66, 73, Table 32
Phaeoparia immaculata Bruner 1908: 277. Kirby 1910: 426.
Descamps and Amedegnato 1970: 864.
Maculiparia immaculata; Jago 1980: 221
Type.-Male holotype labeled ffDemerara,
Brit. Guiana, R.J. Crew", Phaeoparia immacula
ff
[sic] Bruner, type" (label added posteriorly, in
M. Hebard's handwriting). There is a second
male with same data, probably a paratype,
and a female specimen, same data, labeled by
Hebard Phaeoparia immacula [sic] Bruner,
ff
para type, allotype" (NEBRASKA). Four male and
one female paratypes, same data as holotype,
in PHILADELPHIA.
Specimens examined.- BRITISH GUIANA
[at present GUYANA]. 5 m, 9 f, Kaieteur, Jul
1911; 1 m, Potaro River, Ldg. Jul 1911; 1m,3 f,
Tukeit, Jul 1911; 1 m, Potaro River,
Tumatumari, Jun 1917; 1 m. Kartabo (no other
data); 1 m, Waratuk, Feb 1921; Bartica, Dec
1912 (HS.Parish); 1 f, Georgetown (no other
data) (PHILADELPHIA); 1 f. Essequibo,
Wineperu, Mar 1969 (Duckworth, Dietz); 1 m,
Essequibo (A.Busck) (WASHINGTON); 1 m,
Potaro River, Tumatuari Jun 1927· 1 f
Demerara River, Mackenzie, Jan 1927 (;ARIS)'.
Oistribution.-(Fig. 73). Species only known
from Guyana (former British Guiana)
Identification.- This species resembles in
general those in the ensemble annulicornis-
rotundata, but shows some marked differences
that set it apart from them. Male (Fig. 29).
Head with depression between frons and fas-
tigium (Fig. 57) more marked than in named
species. Pronotum (Fig. 52) with evenly
rounded front edge, the posterior one scarcely
pr.oduc:d caudad in a very obtuse angle. Teg-
mma (Fig. 41) reaching only about 2/3 of hind
fe~ora, with rounded apices; hind femora
wit~out external apical spine in all specimens
(of either sex) examined. Abdominal terminalia
(Fig. 52): furculae long and acute almost
spiniform, set close to midline; cerci i~curved
apical third as seen from above markedly thin~
ner than basal part, with small pre-apical in-
tern_al tubercle: epiproct; basal part with sides
de~idedly converging caudad, with high
pair.ed tubercles at base of apical lobe, which
is ~ide. and apically truncated; subgenital plate
with sides converging caudad and rounded
apex. Phallic complex (Fig. 66): cingulum with
apodemes widely s.eparated; endophallic api-
ca.l val:es nar.row m lateral view; epiphallus
with high, wide lophi with small black tu-
bercles on upper edges. Female. Closely re-
sembling male in characters unrelated to sex.
Chromatic characters. Male. Antennae with
scape, pedicel and basal segments of flagel-
lum buff-yellow, darkening towards apex,
~ome segments of flagellum in darker part of
i~ externally light-colored; face of head, ante-
nor. p.arts of mandibles and of genae, all of
fastigm~, vertex, disk of pronotum and up-
per horizontal surfaces of tegmina buff-yel-
low; post-ocular-genal band, posterior parts
of mandibles, lateral lobes of pronotum, meso-
an_d meta pleurae, all legs, lateral parts of teg-
mma an a~l of abdomen tawny to light chest-
nut. Tegmma of males sometimes without no-
ticeable dark maculae, but frequently with
one,. rather faintly marked, as shown in Fig.
41; lmea alba may be absent or slightly marked
by one or two light-colored spots. Female.
More ~niformly colored than male; prevalent
~o~or cmnamon, becoming gradually chestnut
m irregular areas on genae and towards lower
parts of lateral pronotal lobes; tegmina with
upper, anal areas markedly lighter than sides
the latter with two neatly marked dark shin;
~aculae, linea alba usually present bu; some-
times very faintly marked.
Note on gut contents.-Specimen from
Guyana, Tumatumari: Gramineae with ellip-
75
tic stomata; long, rectangular cells with sinu-
ate walls; racemose secretory hairs of the ty
found in Labiatae. pe
3?. Maculiparia havilandae (Uvarov 1925)
Figs. 30, 43, 52, 57, 66, 73, Table 33
Phaeopar~a h.avilandae Uvarov 1925: 680. Descamps 1970:
864 (m hst of French Guiana species).
Maculiparia havilandae; Jago, 1980: 221.
Type series.-Male holotype, 3 male
paratypes from British Guiana [now
GUYANA]: Kartabo,Jun 1922 (MD.Haviland)
(LONDON).
Specimens examined.-GUYANA . 6 m,
Kartabo, Jun 1922 (MD.Haviland) (not marked
as para types) (LONDON); 1 m, Essequibo River
Moraballi Creek, Nov 1929 (Oxford Univ'.
Exp); 1 m, Camaria Jan 1921(PARIS),4 m, 3 f.
Barhca District, Kartabo (W.Beebe); 1 m,
Kartabo, Aug 1926; 3 m, 1 f, Bartica, Dec 1912
(HS.Parish); 2 m, 1 f, Bartica, Feb 1912
(HS.Parish); 2 m, Bartica Distr., Kartabo, Oct
1920; 1 m, Bartica Distr., Kartabo, Aug 1922
(PHILADELPHIA). VENEZUELA. Bolivar State:
2 m, 2 f, 2 nymphs, El Palmar, Camp. Rio
Gran.de,.Res.erva Forestal Imataca (MARACAY).
D.zstrzb~twn.-(Fig. 73). Like the preceding
species, this one was only known from Guyana.
In the collection of MARACA Y, I found a small
s:ries. from NE Venezuela. Its place of collec-
tion hes at the limit of the states Bolivar and
Delta Amacuro, near the border with Guyana
roughly 400 km. W from the closest of th~
Guyana localities.
.. Identification.- Male (Fig. 30). Antennae
fihform; frontal costa between eyes (Fig. 52)
somewh~t.more ~rominent than usual forge-
nus; fastigmm (Fig. 57) not very blunt in male,
more so in female. Pronotum (Fig. 52) with
front edge slightly convex, posterior one me-
d~ally emarginated; dorsal carina weakly in-
dicated, usually on anterior part of prozona
and on metazona only, lateral ones absent;
tegmina (Fig. 43) small and narrow, widely
separated dorsally, reaching caudal edge of
first abdominal segment; hind tibiae without
outer apical spine (in all specimens of either
sex examined); abdominal terminalia (Fig. 52)
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL
76
with long, narrow furculae arising near dorsal
midline; epiproct with basal and apical parts
differentiated, the former subrectangular, sides
somewhat convergent caudad, with four small
dorsal tubercles; apical lobe narrow and long,
I
fl
sides converging towards rounded apex;
subgenital plate in dorsal view rather long,
sides convergent, rounded apex. Phallic com-
plex (Fig. 66): cingulum with apodemes very
\ broad but separated medially; rather acutely
pointed caudad; apical endophallic valves long
and narrow; epiphallus with rather high lophi
with black tubercles in fronto-dorsal position.
3~
Chromatic characters. Light colored areas from
cinnamon to buff-yellow include scape,
Maculiparia havilandae pedicel, a few basal segments of flagellum and
some small lateral areas on sides of apical half
of same; face, anterior parts of genae, vertex,
pronotal disk, upper parts of tegmina, most of
abdomen, fore and middle legs, outer surfaces
Fig. 30 . Maculiparia havilandae, male, habitus. Specimen from British Guiana, Bartica. Scale line 5 mm. of hind femora and hind tibiae, venter of abdo-
men and middle and posterior parts of meso-
metasterna (see exceptions below). Dark-col-
ored areas from chestnut to fuscous include
most of antennal flagellum, postocular-genal
band, most of visible (lateral) areas of man-
dibles, meso- and meta pleurae, lateral parts of
tegmina (from Cul to costal edge), and outer
lower sulcus of hind femora. Some specimens,
particularly those from Venezuela, are on the
whole darker colored and in these, dark areas
include all of the ventral surface of thorax and
abdomen, underside of middle and hind coxae,
parts of lateral areas of hind femora and the
whole of hind tibiae. Females: agree in general
form with males, but are darker and more
uniformly colored, the definite pattern oflight
~~~~~~ and dark colored areas being absent in them.
Specimens at hand are mostly from tawny to
~'·,~,
cinnamon-rufous, irregularly spotted with
chestnut to fuscous, particularly on abdomen.
Antennae more definitely marked with light
31 Maculiparia huilensis cinnamon areas on its apical half; Tegmina
with one large oval shiny black spot on
preapical part of Cul to R-M area. As indi-
cated for males, the Venezuelan female is much
darker in color, being almost entirely from
Fig. 31. Maculiparia huilensis, male, habitus. Holotype from Colombia, Huila, San Agustin. Scale line 5
chestnut to fuscous, abdomen and hind femora
mm. prevalently of this color.
77
Relationships.-The present species is closely
related to the long-winged Maculiparia
immaculata. This is probably the case in which
relationship between a long-winged and a
brevialate species is most evident.
36. Maculiparia huilensis n. sp.
Figs. 31, 43, 52, 57, 66, 74, Table 34
Etymology.- From Huila, name of the Co-
lombian Department where the species was
found.
Type series.- Male holotype from COLOM-
BIA, Department of Huila, San Agustin, 1700
m alt., 2 Mar 1968 (M.Descamps); 1 male
para type, same data (PARIS). These are the only
specimens known.
Distribution.-(Fig. 74). San Agustin in the
Department of Huila lies near the headwaters
of the Magdalena River, in the valley between
the Cordilleras Central and Oriental of the
Colombian Andes. From this general area the
only other species of the tribe which has been
collected is Maculiparia annulicornis, to which
the present species seems unrelated.
Identification.- With several characters in-
termediate between Phaeoparia and Maculiparia,
this species appears to approach the first of
these genera, mainly in the general shape of
the head, in a nearly triangular epiproct and
elongated (but not pointed) subgenital plate.
On the other hand, cerci are not simple and
conical as in the first of these genera, but bent
and modified as in the second, and epiproct,
though triangular in general shape, shows a
certain differentiation into basal and apical
portions as in Maculparia. This is one of the two
known brevialate species in the tribe with teg-
mina extending farther than end of first ab-
dominal segment (the other being Aristia
mordax). It might deserve separate generic sta-
tus. Male (Fig. 31). Tegument unusually rug-
ose, especially on head and thorax. Antennae
filiform; apical segment of maxillary pal pi not
dilated but rather flat and light-colored; head
(Fig. 52) with a rather long fastigium (Fig. 57)
(almost as long as interocular distance) and
frontal costa prominent between the eyes;
pronotal disk (Fig. 52) with marked dorsal
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 79
78
E. GUYANENSIS SPECIESGROUP separated in most of their length; ventro-lat-
carina; angularly bent into the lateral lobes, its and of unusual shape, with very large and
It includes a single species with a combina- eral plates small; apical endophallic valves in
anterior edge straight, posterior one extend- high lophi having lateral triangular points
tion of characters different from those of all side view strongly curved upwards, their api-
ing backwards in an obtuse angle; tegmina and inside of them conspicuous black tubercles
the others. ces wide and truncated; epiphallus with low,
(Fig. 43) reaching posterior edge of third ab- on upper edge. Chromatic characters. Lighter-
dominal segment, slightly overlapping dor- colored parts cinnamon to tawny include most obliquely truncated lophi with black tubercles
37. Maculiparia guyanensis n. sp. at upper inner angles. Chromatic characters.
sally; external apical spine on hind femora of antennae, face, anterior parts of genae and Figs. 32, 43, 52, 57, 66, 73, Table 35 Color pattern different from most
present as a small rudiment only on right of sides of mandibles, vertex, pronotal disk
femur of holotype; abdominal terminalia (Fig. and upper (anal) areas of tegmina, dorsal sur- phaeopariine species: face, anterior parts of
face of abdomen and ventral surface of thorax Type series.- Male holotype from FRENCH eyes and of sides of mandibles buff-yellow,
52) with long, triangular, acutely pointed fur- GUIANA, Oyapock, Trois Sauts, 2 Apr 1976 but this color not on vertex, pronotal disk or
culae placed close together; cerci with thick and abdomen: darker parts chestnut to fuscous, (M.Descamps); 1 female paratype same local- upper parts of body or tegmina as seen in most
basal two-thirds, apical third considerably include apices of antennae, postocular-genal ity and collector as the holotype but dated 11 species; darker parts in different shades of
thinner, in dorsal view angularly bent mesad band, upper posterior areas at sides of man- Mar 1976 (PARIS). These are the only speci- chestnut include posterior parts of eyes, ver-
in the middle of basal part and again at base of dibles, lateral lobes of pronotum, thoracic pleu- mens known. tex, genae, posterior parts of mandibular sides,
apical part; epiproct triangular in general rae, sides of tegmina (from Cul to costal edge) Distribution.-(Fig. 73). The type-locality all of pronotum, meso- and metapleurae and
shape, but divided into a basal part with sides and most of hind femora: fore and middle legs lies at the east of French Guiana, near the abdomen, in the latter becoming lighter than
strongly convergent caudad, and a long apical intermediate in color between lighter and Oyapock River which marks the border with on anterior parts of body but nowhere as light
one with parallel sides and rounded apex; darker parts; hind tibiae reddish ferruginous. the Brasilian State of Amapa.
Affinities.- Morphologically, it has an ab- as on face; fore and middle legs mostly cinna-
sub genital plate in dorsal view elongated and Identification.- This species is placed in
dominal terminalia somewhat similar to those mon, tinged in places with chestnut; hind
with sides straight and convergent, but apex Maculiparia mainly because of its very blunt
of the ensemble immaculata-havilandae (from femora cinnamon on lower parts of sides, turn-
truncated rather than pointed. Phallic com- head and the shiny black spots on the female
the Guianas) but other features are different, ing gradually fuscous toward upper surfaces
plex (Fig. 66): cingulum with apodemes united tegmina. Abdominal terminalia on the other
and a true relationship with a group geo- and mostly toward genicular lobes: on ventral
medially for the most part, separated ceph- hand is very Phaeoparia-like. Male (Fig. 32).
graphically so widely separated seems im- side, edges of thoracic sterna, lower surfaces
alad by a semicircular emargination; ventro- Antennae broken in holotype, but what re-
probable. It may represent a case of conver- of coxa and trochanter in middle and hind legs
lateral plates very large; apical endophallic mains of them filiform; head very blunt (Fig.
gence. and outer lower sulcus of hind femora maroon
valves medium-sized, compressed, parallel, 52), fastigium (Fig. 57) only as long as 1/4 of to fuscous; hind tibiae of a lighter hue of same
rather narrow in side view; epiphallus large interocular space; pronotal disk (Fig. 52) with- color. Female. Head and antennae as described
out median or lateral carinae, its front edge for male, pronotum also as in male, but dorsal
slightly convex, posterior one slightly carina slightly marked on metazona; tegmina
emarginated at midline; tegmina (Fig. 43) nar- narrow and widely separated dorsally, but
row, widely separated dorsally, reaching only reaching posterior edges of first abdominal
the middle of first abdominal segment, cover- segment and covering most of auditory organ.
ing a small part of auditory organ; hind femora Chromatic characters. Almost uniformly light
without external apical spine (in either sex); cinnamon all over, with some darker mark-
abdominal terminalia (Fig. 52) with small, tri- ings on parts of body and legs: most of pronotal
angular furculae placed close together, cerci disk and dorsal parts of meso- and meta thorax
simple, conical, incurved; epiproct triangular and anterior part of dorsum of first abdominal
with blunt apex, apical portion barely sepa- segment of a very light cream-color; tegmina
rated from basal one by slight narrowing at its with oval shiny black subapical spots; inner
limit; subgenital plate in dorsal view long, sides of hind femora with three oblique pi-
sides converging to pointed apex. Phallic com- ceous bands on apical half, this color also on
plex (Fig. 66): cingulum with apodemes wide, lower outer sulcus; genicular lobes externally
fuscous on upper part; hind tibiae mostly of
this color.
Maculiparia guyanensis
32

Fig. 32. Maculiparia guyanensis, male, habitus. Holotype from French Guiana, Oyapock, Trois Sauts.
Scale line 5 mm
80 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
38. ARISTIA Stal 1876. Genus rehabilitated
Phaeoparia Stal 1873: 36,56 in part (P. mordax only).
Aristia Stal 1876: 54, 1978: 21. Brunner von Wattenwyl
1893: 138. Giglio Tos 1898: 46. Jago 1980: 218 (as syn.
of Phaeoparia). Amedegnato and Poulain 1994: 17 (a
valid genus).
Etymology.- Probably feminine of Aristius,
a Roman name.
Type species.- Phaeoparia mordax Stal, by
original designation.
Identification.- Such as understood here,
Aristia is a monotypic genus, other species
different form A. mordax which have been as-
signed to it belonging to other genera. Jago
(1980: 218) judged it to be a junior synonym of
Phaeoparia, but a detained comparative study
shows in my opinion that they must be consid-
ered as distinct generic taxa, especially be-
cause of the very different configuration of the
head, prothorax and wings. Amedegnato and
Poulain (1994: 17) clearly state that this genus
must be considered valid and not a synonym
of Phaeoparia. Head in profile with fastigium
forming a definite angle with face (not rounded
as in Phaeoparia). Antennae very slightly ensi-
form in basal segments of flagellum, the rest of
it only slightly flattened and narrow. Fastigium
in dorsal view with lateral carinulae curving
towards midline, becoming rather indistinct
apically: transverse furrow between them a
little forward than front edge of eyes. Head in
frontal view with frontal costa flanked by high
lateral carinulae and excavated between them
from union with fastigium to ocellus, below it,
to frontoclypeal suture, much less marked and
flatter: facial lateral carinae well marked and
almost straight from antennal sockets to ante-
rior mandibular articulation. Pronotum with
dorsal and lateral carinae marked if not promi-
nent, the latter diverging caudad, the disk
bending angularly along them into the lateral
lobes: front edge of disk straight, posterior one
slightly produced caudad in an obtuse angle.
Tegmina slightly overlapping at midline, ab-
breviated but reaching caudal edge of 4th ab-
dominal tergite. Hind femora with strongly
serrulated mid-dorsal carina, outer dorsal only
slightly so. Male terminalia: furculae round
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
81
and lobular: cerci simple, incurved: epiproct
with strongly converging sides in basal part,
apical part short, lobiform, rounded. Oviposi-
tor of the soil-laying type.
39. Aristia mordax (Stal 1873), restored
combination
..
- ...
\
Figs. 33, 43, 53, 57, 67, 74, Table 36
Phaeoparia mordax Stal 1873: 58. Sjostedt 1933: 36 (type .
\
material). Jago 1980: 219.
Aristia mordax; Stal 1876: 54. Kirby 1910: 425. Hebard
1923: 45
Type.-Holotype male labeled "Colombia,
Antioquia". Probable paratypes, 1 male and 2
females labeled "Columbia" (STOCKHOLM).
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Dept.
Antioquia: 8 m, 2 f, Matasano (Medellin) 2500
m alt., Jan 1968 (M.Descamps); 4 m, 3 f,
Boqueron (Medellin) 2600 m alt., Feb 1968
'
(M.Descamps); 44m, 38 f, Rio Negro (Medellin)
2400 malt., Feb 1968 (M.Descamps) (PARIS); 1
33 Aristia mordax
m, 3 f, Santa Helena Jan 1931 (W.Archer,
L.Aguilar) (PHILADELPHIA).
Distribution.-(Fig. 74). All known speci- Fig. 33. Aristia mordax, male, habitus. Specimen from Colombia, Antioquia, Rio Negro (Medellin).
mens come from the region of the town of Scale line 5 mm.
Antioquia, in the valley of the River Cauca. It
seems to be a species of restricted distribution.
Identification.-Generic description and fig-
ures should suffice to identify this very char-
acteristic species. Male as shown in Fig. 33.
Head with rather long fastigium of character-
istic shape (Figs. 53, 57). External apical spine
of hind femora present in all specimens exam-
ined. Tegmina (Fig. 43) long, slightly overlap-
ping dorsally, reaching posterior edge of 4th
abdominal segment or slightly surpassing it in
females. Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 53)
Phaeoparia-like, with short, rounded furculae,
simple, conical, slightly curved cerci; epiproct
triangular, apically rounded; subgenital plate
pointed posteriorly. Phallic complex (Fig. 67):
cingulum with apodemes broadly united me- 34 Pseudaristia oxycodia
dially almost to their cephalic ends which are
separated only by a V-shaped incision: later-
ally with very wide rami; epiphallus in frontal
view with rather high, rounded lophi with
apical black protuberances: apical valves of Fig. 34. Pseudaristia oxycodia, male, habitus. Specimen from Colombia, Valle, Mares. Scale line 5 mm.
endophallus wide, spoon-like and overlap-
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
82
ping each other like in Phaeoparia l. lineaalba.
Chromatic characters: dorsal surfaces of head,
pronotum and tegmina of a lighter color than
sides of body, generally from light buff to
buff-yellow: sides of body and tegmina vary-
ing in different specimens fr~m n~s~et t~ ol-
ive-brown or raw umber. Hmd tibiae hght
scarlet.
40. PSEUDARISTIA n. gen.
Etymology.- (Greek) pseudos, pseudes =
false, and (Latin) Aristia, a generic name, al-
luding to the fact that it was described in that
genus. Gender, feminine.
Type species.-Aristia oxycodia.H:bard . .
Identification.- Related to Arzstza but dif-
fering from it in a number of important char-
acters, mainly of the head, pronotum and male
terminalia. Antennae very slightly ensiform,
apical segments of flagellum slightly dilat:d.
Fastigium prominent and angulate? at umon
with frons like in Aristia: in dorsal view lateral
carinulae short, slightly convergent to the front
but not meeting at midline: transverse furrow
between them almost level with front line of
eyes: median carinula very faintly marked
between eyes, becoming indistinct caudad.
Pronotum: disc with median carina well
marked throughout, prominent in metazona:
lateral carinae (represented by angular Hex-
ion in limit of disk and lateral lobes) divided
in two parts, in prozona starting from its pos-
terior part near median carina and diverging
cepalad and downwards, delim~ting a ~riai:­
gular area on disk where median carma is
especially high near the anterior edge: poste-
rior part of lateral carina well marked on
metazona, also diverging cephalad and down-
wards, becoming indistinct on middle of
prozona: anterior edge of disk stra~g~t, poste-
rior one slightly emarginated at m1dlme. Teg-
mina small, far apart dorsally, reaching cau-
dal edge of first abdominal segment, coveri~g
only upper part of tympani. Hind femora with
median dorsal carina serrated, outer dorsal
almost smooth. Male terminalia: furculae
prominent, triangular, roun?ly pointed~ cerci
short, thick, apices slightly divergent: ep1proct
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
83
triangular, transversally divided; apical part epiproct and acutely produced subgenital rather uniformly colored in shades of cinna-
almost undifferentiated: subgenital plate plate. Phallic complex (Fig. 67): cingulum with mon to tawny: some parts lighter colored, es-
acutely pointed. Ovipositor of the soil-laying apodemes almost completely united dorsally, pecially external sides of hind femora, may be
type. a U-shaped incision separating their cephalic buff-yellow. None of the female specimens
apices, in lateral view with wide rami: examined show any chrome-orange as seen in
41. Pseudaristia oxycodia (Hebard 1923) n. epiphallus with very wide, square-tipped males: hind tibiae mostly tawny, may turn
comb. lophi: apical valves of endophallus in dorsal slightly reddish near apices.
Figs. 34, 43, 53, 57, 67, 74, Table 37 view appear straight, compressed and paral-
lel. Chromatic characters. Males: upper part of 42. TEPUIACRIS n. gen.
Aristia oxycodia Hebard 1923: 263. Otte 1978: 43 (type head, most of disk of pronotum, anal areas of
material). tegmina, upper parts of abdominal terga and Etymology.-From "tepui" a Pemon
Phaeoparia oxycodia; Jago 1980: 219. all legs excepting hind tibiae, from buff-yel-
Amerindian word for mountain+ (Greek) akris
low to cream-color: sides of head (post-ocular =grasshopper, locust. Gender, feminine. The
Types.-Male holotype from Colombia, and genal band), upper parts of lateral lobes of name "tepui" usually designates in southern
Dept. Valle, Cordillera Occidental, La Cumbre,
pronotum, mesa- and metathoracic epimera Venezuela, the high, steep-sided, flat-topped
alt. 6600 ft. 18 May 1914 (HS.Parish); 1 m and and sides of abdomen tawny to raw-umber; mountains which are isolated parts of the an-
1 f paratypes with same data (PHILADELPHIA).
middle areas of mesa- metathoracic sterna, cient Guyana Shield. Mount Duida, where the
Specimens examined.- COLOMBIA. Dept. underside of abdomen to 5th segment, lower insects here referred to were found, is one of
Valle: 1 m, within 75 km of Cali, Mar 1972 (RD. internal sulcus of hind femora and all of hind the westernmost tepuis.
Alexander) (ANN ARBOR); 41 m, 42 f, Mares, tibiae chrome-orange: the abdominal sterna Type species.-Tepuiacris duidae n. sp.
1650 m alt., Mar, Jun and Oct 1968
caudad of the 5th gradually turning brown to Identification.- Antennae not ensiform,
(M.Descamps); 2 m 3 f, Calima 1400 malt., Feb the abdominal tip; outer lower sulcus of hind slightly flattened. Fastigium long and angulate
1968 (M.Descamps); 6 m 10 f, Carmelo 1650 m
femora, ventral parts of all coxae and outer in lateral view, like in Aristia and Pseudaristia:
alt., Mar 1968 (M.Descamps). Dept. Risaralda: margins of thoracic sterna burnt-umber. Fe- triangular in dorsal view, lateral carinulae
1 f, Santa Rosa de Cabal, May 1967 (F.Salazar). males are much duller-colored than males,
Dept. Cauca: 19 m 20 f, Pescador, 1700 malt.,
Feb 1968 (M.Descamps); 2 f, 11 miles N. of
Popayan 1830 m alt., Mar 1955 (E.Schlinger,
ES.Ross) (PARIS).
Distribution.-(Fig. 74). Western Colombia,
either in the valley of the River Cauca (head-
waters) or along small rivers going to the
Pacific such as the Anchicaya. Many of the
bove specimens come from localities at rather
high altitudes (up to 1830 m). .
Identification.- Generic description and il-
lustrations should allow to recognize this spe-
cies. Male (Fig. 34) with rather large fastigium
(Fig. 57) triangular in dorsal view; (rath~r
rounded in the female) (Fig. 57). Pronotum m
male (Fig. 53), dorsally with a straight anterior
margin, a slightly emarginated posterior one;
general shape of pronotum peculia~ for t~e
tribe, as described for genus. Tegmma (Fig. 35 Tepuiacris duidae
43) widely separated dorsally, with rounded
apices. Males and females frequently without
outer apical spines on hind tibiae, when present
Fig. 35. Tepuiacris duidae, male, habitus. Paratype from Venezuela, Amazonas, Mount
rudimentary or vestigial. Male abdominal
terminalia (Fig. 53) Phaeoparia-like, with trian-
Duida. Scale line 5 mm.
gular furculae, thick conical cerci, triangular
84
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
rI show no g~een
CARLOS S. CARBONELL

color: face and vertex of head, nae, especially on the metazona, cut by 3 well
85

Identification.- Besides characters indicated pronot~l disk, meta thoracic tergum and of 1st
curving towards middle and becoming indis- marked transverse
. sulci·' lateral carinae
. ab-
for genus and in illustrations, the following ab_dommal seg~ent, thoracic pleurae, fore- and
tinct very near fastigial apex: median carinula may be helpful. Male as in Fig. 35. Head with
sent.
d" Posterior
. . . edge of pronotal disk w"th
1 s 1.ig h t
n:i1ddle legs light cinnamon to buff-yellow: m~ ~an mc1s10n. Prosternal tubercle lon
spm1form. Mesosternal space square. Hin~
present, extending form fastigial apex all the rather large triangular fastigium (Fig. 57).
way to occipital region: transversal furrow of Pronotal disk (Fig. 53) with slightly convex sides of he~d, of tegmina and abdomen li ht
fastigium absent. Pronotum with median ca- che_stnut: hmd tibiae and tarsi chrome-ora!ge femora surpassing end of abdomen i·n 1
(almost straight) anterior and posterior edges. th · d . ma es,
rina present but not high, running through Tegmina (Fig. 43) reaching posterior edge of
as m the n:iore recent specimens. The only eir
·h orsal carmae serrated· · gen1·c 1
u ar apex
whole length of disk: lateral carinae repre- female of this old series is colored like the ones wit small _median spine. Hind tibiae with 9
first abdominal segment, covering almost all of the recent series, only in slightly lighter
sented by angular bends between disk and external spmes, the external apical one small
lateral lobes: anterior edge of disk straight,
of auditory organ, apically rounded in male, shades of same colors: its hind tibiae reddish M~le terminalia: furculae triangular, flat;
less so in female. External apical spine of hind chestnut. ~p1proct abruptly narrowing at posterior third
posterior one almost so, very slightly pro-
duced caudad at midline. Tegmina short,
tibiae present and usually well-developed in
all specimens examined. Male abdominal
it~ basal part with a marked longitudinal me~
widely separated dorsally, reaching only the d1~n depressi~1:' a small tubercle on each side
terminalia (Fig. 53) with short triangular fur- 44. STORNOPHILACRIS Amedegnato and
posterior margin of first abdominal segment culae, straight, conical cerci interiorly rugose, at its end; cerc1 mcurved, with pointed apices·
and partially covering the auditory tympani.
Descamps 1978 apex o_f subge~ital plate long, its apex rounded:
epiproct with basal and apical parts differen-
so~ehmes slightly bilobed. Female with ovi-
Hind femora with very slightly serrulated tiated, subgenital plate rather pointed caudad. Stornophilacris Amedegnato and Descamps 1978· 29 J pos1tor of the soil-laying type, robust, with
median dorsal carinae, the other ones smooth. Phallic complex (Fig. 67): epiphallus with low 1980: 221. · · ago
Male abdominal terminalia with small, pointed lophi elevated laterally in triangular promi- ed?es not serrated. Phallic complex with
furculae: cerci subconical; in dorsal view their ep1phallus very large, lateral plates with con-
nences topped by black tubercles: cingulum Etym~lo?y.- From Greek, literally a grass-
outer edges slightly curved, inner ones appear with apodemes widely united dorsally, their vex surface, lophi flat, slightly bilobed. Latero-
rugose: epiproct with well differentiated,
hopper livmg on the layer of dead leaves and ventral· sclerites large, subrectangula r. c·mgu-
1
anterior ends separated by V-shaped incision: other vegetable debris in the soil.
squarish basal part, and narrow, tongue-like, u~ with apodemes largely united dorsall
apical valves of endophallus straight, com- . Type species.-Stornophilacris seabrai, by
rounded apical part. Ovipositor in the only with large rami which laterally hid completei;
pressed, parallel. Ovipositor with elongated, origmal designation.
species known with valves smooth and elon- or alrn_ost comple~ely the apical endophallic
smooth valves, might be adapted for a special Identification.- The genus has been ad-
gated, seems adapted for epiphytic egg-lay- valves. endophallic sclerites with apodemes
mode of oviposition. Chromatic characters. equately described by Amedegnato and n~t very developed; gonopore process short
ing. Males: in the holotype and the most recently Descai:nps (1978: 29). The following is an al- triangular. '
collected specimens (1992, see above), face most literal translation of their description A Distribution of the species of this genus (Fig.
43. Tepuiacris duidae n. sp. and vertex of head, disc of pronotum, visible few_ modi~ica tions have proved necessary with 81). The_r are endemic of NE Brasil, like
Figs. 35, 43, 53, 57, 67, 76, Table 38 part of meta thoracic tergum and first abdomi- the mclus10n of the new species here described ~haeoparza megacephala and the species of Abila
nal tergum, fore and middle femora and most Body. compressed. Brachypterous: tegmin~ m the "Latipes" group.
Etymology.- Named after Mount Duida of upper and lateral surfaces of hind femora reac~mg the posterior margin of the first ab-
and Duida National Park, where all the known greenish-olive or yellowish olive-green to cit- dommal s_egment. Tegument fairly rugose or KEY TO SPECIES OF STORNOPHILACRIS
specimens were collected. rine: genae, lateral lobes of pronotum, lateral ~a_rked wit~ ~umerous small depressions. Fas- Males of two species only, that of S. bahiensis being un-
Type.-Holotype, male from VENEZUELA: areas of tegmina, dorsum and sides of abdo- hgmm ':'e~hcis prominent, ascending towards known
Amazonas; Duida National Park, Marahuaka, men in different shades of chestnut: antennae apex, d1v1ded from vertex by marked trans-
Cerro Huachamakari, 1700 malt., 03° 19'N, light cinnamon: fore and middle tibiae and
vers~ sulc~s. Vertex with a narrow, irregular 1
65°45'W, 3-5 Feb 1992 (Expedici6n Terramar, tarsi cinnamon-rufous: hind tibiae and tarsi H~ad in lateral view (Fig. 54, 1st column, A)
median car~na reaching the occiput. Inter-ocu-
}.Clavijo, A.Chacon) (MARACAY). bright chrome-orange: underside of thorax lar space wide, plus than twice the diameter of with vertex slightly convex, making with
Paratypes, 6 m 2 f, same data as holotype and abdomen buff, in parts with a yellowish frons an ac~te an?le ( ± 500); fastigium sepa-
the ant_ennal scape. Antennae filiform, basal
(MARACAY). VENEZUELA: Amazonas; 4 m, 3 tinge: upper (anal) area of tegmina buff-yel- rated from ~t by shght depression, its surface
and apical articles of the flagellum somewhat
f, Mount Duida Dec 1928-Feb 1929 (GHH.Tate) low. Females of same series much darker and ~lat and honz~ntal or even upwardly directed
~lattened .. Frans obliquely slanting caudad,
(PHILADELPHIA, PARIS, RIO DE JANEIRO). Those uniformly colored than males: mostly in shades m some specimens, making with frons an
i~c.urved JUSt below its union with the fas- acute angle, the latter concave in front of
in the type-series are the only specimens of chestnut to burnt-umber, upper parts of hgmm, s?mewhat convex between the anten- eyes; fastigium in dorsal view (Fig. 57, last
known. head and body slightly lighter than lateral n~e, straight below this point. Frontal costa
Distribution.-(Fig. 76). Known only from row, 1st species) as long as interocular dis-
ones: dorsal areas of tegmina light cinnamon: with lateral carinulae well marked , conver- tance (longer in females). Male abdominal
the type-locality in the Duida National Park, all legs including hind tibiae colored as sides gent towards the fastigium. Lateral carinulae te~minalia (Fig. 54, 1st column, C, D) with
around Mount Duida. This place is in the of body: ventral surface of thorax and abdo- ~f the face ~ell marked, strongly divergent. ':ide, short'. trian_gular furculae, cerci long,
general region of the communication of the men only slightly lighter than the former. In simple, corneal, distal halves distinctly slen-
ronotum with neatly marked median cari-
Orinoco and Amazonas rivers by the "cano" the older collected specimens (1928-29) males
Casiquiare.
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL
86
nal margin of eyes, prolonged anteriorly at the
fastigial edges. Pronotum (Fig, 54) with me-
dian carina very well marked and prominent,
particularly in front of first transverse sulcus
and back of second one: disk with very slightly
/~, median incision on anterior margin, much
I
IJ
\,, deeper one on posterior one. Tegmina (Fig. 43)
widely separated dorsally, covering only part
I of auditory organ in both sexes. External api-
87
sterna, undersides of middle and hind coxae
and caudal margins of abdominal segments,
particularly towards apex fuscous to burnt-
umber: lower external sulcus of hind femora
raw-umber. Hind tibiae light cinnamon ru-
fous, with a reddish tinge. Females are more
uniformly colored than males, mostly chest-
nut to cinnamon-rufous: antennae concolor
with body except for their very tips which are

( cal spine on hind tibiae present in both sexes.

Abdominal terminalia (Fig. 54) as in generic
description. Phallic complex (Fig. 68): cingu-
burnt-umber. Thoracic sterna, underside of
middle and hind coxae russet: outer inferior
sulci of hind femora chestnut: hind tibiae cin-
\ lum with rami united for the most part, sepa-
rated anteriorly by V-shaped incision; apical
namon rufous, less reddish than in males.

'
Note on gut contents.-Specimen from Bra-
endophallic valves short and narrow; zil, Bahia, Itamaraju: contained only mineral
epiphallus with peculiarly-shaped lophi as matter; no plant remains. Specimen from Bra-
seen in frontal view, with curved, outwardly
36 Stornophilacris seabrai directed internal projections ended in dark-
zil, Bahia, Itepebi: Gramineae with rhombic
stomata cut into very small pieces; also re-
colored points. Female. Head as seen from mains of unidentified pollen.
side with fastigium almost level with vertex,
Fig. 36. Stornophilacrzs, seabraz,, male habitus,
, specimen
, from Brasil Bahia, Itamaraju, Scale line 5 mm, not flexed upwards as in male: fastigium in 46. Stornophilacris bahiensis Amedegnato
dorsal view (Fig. 57) with transverse furrow and Descamps 1978
well before anterior edge of eyes, deep and For figures of female type see Amedegnato
der; subgenital plate in dorsal view pro_jected RIO DE JANEIRO).
sharply marked: median carinula of fastigium and Descamps 1978; Distr., Fig. 81
caudad, angular, roundly pointed, (Fig. 36) Specimens examined. BRASIL. Bahia State: 2
well marked in front of transverse furrow, less
(Brasil, coastal southern Bahia State) m, betw. Itamaraju and Prado, Jan 1977 (M.
so behind it. Disk of pronotum as in male but S tornophilacris bahiensis Amedegnato and Descamps 1978:
S. seabrai Descamps); 1 f, Itamaraju Jan 1977
without median incision on front edge. Ovi- 31. Jago 1980: 221
la (M.Descamps) (PARIS); 2 m, Itamaraju, Mar
Head in lateral view (Fig. 54, 2nd column, A) positor as indicated for genus. Chromatic char-
1978 (CAC.Seabra, O.Roppa, MA. Manne); 1
with vertex convex, turning horizontal at fas- acters. Male: mostly buff to buff-yellow, eyes Type.-Holotype female from BRASIL. Ba-
m, Itapebi, Aug 1977 (0.Roppa, J.Becker); 2 f,
tigium, the latter making with frons an cinnamon-rufous, postocular-genal band hia State: Encruzilhada 920 malt., Nov 1972
Mascote, May 1977 (CAC.Seabra, MA.Manne,
apically rounded angle ( ± 60"): fron~ conv.ex chestnut to russet, this color also present back (M.Alvarenga) (ANN ARBOR). The holotype is
O.Roppa); 1 m, 2 f, Itamaraju, Feb 1985
between eyes: fastigium in dorsal view (Fig. of this band on anterior edge of pronotum. the only specimen known.
(0.Roppa, B.Silva) (RIO DE JANEIRO); 1 m, 1 f,
57 , 4 th row, 2nd species) shorter than Some males in series at hand have most of Distribution.-(Fig. 81). Known only from
interocular distance, rounded apically (males Itamaraju, Mar 1978 (C.A. C.Seabra,
prothorax, especially disk and upper parts of its type-locality, inland in Southern Bahia State,
and females). Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. MA.Manne, 0.Roppa) (ANN ARBOR); ~ m,
lateral lobes and also tegmina concolor with near the valley of the Rio Pardo.
54, 2nd column, C, D) with c~rci short:r and Mucuri, Aug 1977 (0.Roppa, J.Becker, B.Silva)
postocular band or darker, tending to fuscous. Identification.- Since only the female holo-
thicker, incurved and subgemtal plate i~ dor- (PHILADELPHIA). .
As indicated in original description, most type is known, it is difficult to characterize
sal view short and rounded apically. (Fig. 37) Oistribution.-(Fig. 81). Found m the south-
males have on upper parts of lateral lobes of this species accurately. However, examina-
(Brasil, coastal Bahia State) ern part qf the Brasilian State of Bahia, near the
pronotum, small, elevated, shiny, yellowish tion of this type shows clearly that it repre-
S. poulaini Atlantic coast, to the limit with the State of
round areas, one on each side, between second sents a species different both from S. seabrai
Espirito Santo . . . and third transverse sulci but very close to the and from the new one described below. Its
45. Stornophilacris seabrai Amedegnato Identification.- Male (Fig. 36). Fastigmm
latter. Antennae with scape, pedicel and basal original description says that its vertex has a
and Descamps 1978 (Figs. 54, 57) as seen from side mark~dly b~nt
Figs. 36, 43, 54, 57, 68, 81, Table 39 fourth of flagellum buff-yellow to light cinna- granulose surface, its coloration is brown but
upwards in front of eyes: in dorsal view with
mon, darkening towards apices which are not homogeneous, infero external area of hind
deep, .curved transverse sulcus slig~tly in front
Stornophilacris seabrai Amedegnato and Descamps 1978: burnt-umber. All legs concolor with most of femora dark brown; hind tibiae red. Illustra-
of anterior margin of eyes: median dorsal
31. Jago 1980: 221. body but hind femora are the lighter parts of tion given with this description (Amedegnato
carinula very slightly marked anterior to said
insect, buff-yellow to cream-color. Thoracic and Descamps 1978: 30) shows an insect very
sulcus, much better so posterior to it and be-
Type.-Holotype male, from BRASIL, Ba- tween eyes, becoming less distinct to-:ards like the female of S. seabrai but with a different
hia State, Barrolandia, Belmonte Dec 1976 (M. occiput: lateral carinulae marked next to mter- shape of the fastigium-frons profile. Another
Descamps). Paratypes4m,4 f,same data (PARIS,
88 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
37 Stornophilacris poulaini
Fig. 37. Stornophilacris poulaini, male, habitus. Para type from Brasil, Bahia, Cruz das Almas. Scale
line 5 mm.
notable difference with the named species is length about 0.7 of interocular space (approx.
the lack of a median dorsal carinulae on the equal to it in S. seabrai), transverse sulcus. at
surface of fastigium. base of fastigium very little forwards of a lme
passing at front of eyes ~marke~l~ farther f~om
47. Stornophilacris poulaini n. sp. it in seabrai); in side view fastigmm sensibl_r
Figs. 37, 43, 54, 57, 68, 81, Table 40 follows the line of surface of vertex in this
species (bents upwards in seabra~). Prono~al
Etymology.- Dedicated to th~ acridiologist disk (Fig. 54) with rounded ant~nor margm,
Simon Poulain, a good taxonomist and an able deeply incised medially post~nor one. T~g­
field worker in the tradition of Descamps and mina (Fig. 43) reaching posterior edge of f~rst
Amedegnato. abdominal segment, rather narrow, cover:ng
Type.-Holotype male from BRASIL. Bahia only part of auditory organ. ~xternal apical
State: Cruz das Almas, Feb 1978 (J.Becker) (RIO spine on hind tibiae present. m both sexes.
DE JANEIRO). Para types: 2 m, same dat~ as ho- Male abdominal terminalia (Fig. 54): as com-
lotype; 2 f Brasil. Bahia State: C?ncei<;ao do pared with seabrai, epiproct p:oportionally
Almeida, Jul 1978 (0.Roppa, B.Silva) (RIO DE wider and shorter, its sides straight, strongly
JANEIRO). . converging caudad; cerci proportionally
Distribution.-(Fig. 81). Known specimens shorter, somewhat compressed and uniformly
come from the region west of Bahia de Todos diminishing in diameter from base to ap~x
os Santos, between the rivers Paragua<;u and (getting abruptly thinner. in distal half m
Jaguaripe. . . . seabrai). Phallic complex (Fig. 68) shows most
Identification.- Very similar m mor~hol­ marked differences with seabrai in shape of
ogy and chromatic characters to S. seabraz, t~e epiphallus (compare Figs. 68 F, G, and H cor-
main differences being as follows. Male (Fig. responding to said species)'. Fe~ales of both
37). Fastigium (Fig. 57) proportionally shorter, species also very similar, mam differences be-
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
89
ing in the head; the present species has a much (except the two lower internal ones) rugose,
shorter fas tigi um, a little over half of particularly the upper one, hind tibiae with
interocular space, while in seabrai its length is seven spines on each side, besides the apical
equal to interocular space; in dorsal view fas- ones which are present internally and exter-
tigium of poulaini is rather bluntly pointed, nally: Auditory tympanum large. Abdomen
while that of seabrai is considerably more acute. strongly carinated mid-dorsally; last abdomi-
nal tergite with furculae slightly bilobated
(their form somewhat variable); epiproct tri-
48. GRACILIPARIA Amedegnato and Poulain angular, with marked transversal carina at its
1994.
middle; two strong longitudinal carinulae on
its anterior part, two or three marked granula-
Graciliparia Amedegnato and Poulain 1994: 18
tions on the posterior one; cerci conical, al-
most as long as the epiproct; subgenital plate
Type species.-Graciliparia shuara Amed-
conical, markedly divided transversally. Phal-
egnato and Poulain, by original designation
lic complex: typical of phaeopariini: epiphallus
and monotypy.
large with bilobated lophi, the internal lobe
Identification.- Amedegnato and Poulain
bearing a small apical echinulation; latero-
(1994) define this genus as follows: insect long-
ventral sclerites large, rectangular, well sepa-
lined, brachypterous, integument almost
smooth. Head strongly opistognathous, frons
rated; cingulum well developed for the group;
rami extended, apodemes strong; endophallic
straight; fastigium verticis prolonged before
sclerites typical, without any particular detail;
the eyes, its length equal to the longest diam-
aedeagal sclerites united dorsally to their api-
eter of the eye, triangular in dorsal view, its
ces by a thin membrane. Female more massive
apex neatly incised by the juxtaposition of the
than the male, its head less opistognathous;
carinulae of the frontal costa; eyes not promi-
tegmina slightly shorter; hind femora not sur-
nent, oval in shape, infra-ocular distance sen-
passing abdominal tip; subgenital plate simple;
sibly longer than eye length; interocular space
ovipositor valves strong, with edges almost
barely wider than antennal scape; facial cari-
smooth; dorsal ones with upper surface rug-
nae marked; frontal cos ta narrow, slightly wid- ose.
ening above the insertion of the antennae,
Observations.-On the basis of the addi-
sharply narrowing above it, its sides close
tional specimens at hand this generic diag-
together; antennae of a length equal to that of
noses should be modified in some respects.
head and pronotum together. Pronotum with
Frans: not straight in our specimens but mark-
anterior margin medially incised, widely un-
edly concave. Tegmina: in male reaches only
dulated on both sides; posterior margin some-
posterior edge of first abdominal segment; in
what angular; lateral carinae obsolete; median
female only the second third of same, leaving
one well marked only on metazona; trans- the auditory tympana uncovered. Hind tibiae:
verse sulci uninterrupted but weakly marked, our specimens have seven external spines and
prothoracic episternum large, its anterior eight internal ones, besides the apical ones
margin festooned; prosternal tubercle high (the same can be observed in the habitus illus-
and conical; mesosternal space very narrow; tration given by Amedegnato and Poulain
tegmina short, reaching only to half of second (1994: 18, Fig. 33).
abdominal segment, contiguous dorsally over Affinities.-The above authors remark that
the metathorax; fore and middle legs thin, the genus represents a typical phaeopariine,
hind femora well developed in males, largely but that it appears isolated from all others by
surpassing apex of abdomen, all its carinae its peculiar morphology.
~-------------------------~-
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
90
\ Yaupi (G.S.Glenn); 1 female paratype, same
~
'
38
Fig. . Graciliparia shuara cutucu, male, habitus. Holotype from Ecuador, Marona-Santiago, Cordillera
38
del Cutucu. Scale line 5 mm.
49. Graciliparia shuara Amedegnato and
Poulain 1994
I consider this as a politypic species, in-
cluding the following two subspecies.
49a. Graciliparia shuara shuara Amedegnato
and Poulain 1994
For illustrations see original description (distr. Fig.
77)
Graciliparia shuara Amedegnato and Poulain 1994: 19
Type series.-Male holotype from_ ECUA-
DOR. Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe: Sabamlla, 1650
m alt., 31 Jul- 01 Aug (C.Amedegnato,
S.Poulain): female allotype and 3 larvae, same
data: Zamora, Sabanilla 1600 m alt., 1 male
paratype, 15 Feb 1990 (S. Poulain); Palanda,
1100 m alt., 3 larvae, 27-28 Jul 1991
(C.Amedegnato, S.Poulain) (PARIS).
Oistribution.-(Fig. 77). Known only from
its type-locality in S Ecuador in the valley of
the Zamora River (Amazonian watershed).
Identification.- Having thoroughly de-
' Logrono to Yaupi. There is in the series also a
Graciliparia
shuara cutucu
scribed morphological characters in the ge-
neric description, the above authors limit the
specific description to chromatic characters as
follows: Male. Body uniformly light green,
excepting the antennae which are dark violet-
red (pedicel and flagellum) with the apical
five segments bright-yellow; tegmina pinkish;
hind tibiae and tarsi bright red; eyes golden-
brown. Female. Body uniformly dark brown,
excepting antennae colored as in male, base of
tegmina suffused with purple, apical thirds of
hind tibiae and the tarsi red; green patches
distributed as follows: on internal and exter-
nal sides of fore and middle femora and on
fore and middle tibiae; the apical part of pro-
thoracic episternum bright yellow-green (rest
of the festooned edge of this episternum, ivory-
white); infero-external carina of hind femora
golden-yellow, except echinulations which are
black: black patches distributed as follows;
ventral side of body, especially of thorax; in-
ternal and inferior faces of hind femora. Col-
oration susceptible of variations (female lar-
vae of last stage of green color) (color names as
in original description).
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
49b. Graciliparia shuara cutucu n. ssp.
Figs. 38, 43, 54, 57, 68, 77, Table 41
Etymology.- after the Cutucu Mountain
ridge, where all known specimens were col-
lected.
Type series. Male holotype from ECUA-
DOR. Prov. Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del
Cutucu, western slope, 02° 40'5 78° 07'W, 26
Jun 1984 Natashua slide, 1525 m alt., betw.
Chiguasa and Yapita on trail from Lagrono to
data except: 23 Jun and 27 Jul 1984; 1 female
paratype Yapita, 1700 m alt., on trail from
female nymph (not marked as para type) which
seems to belong to this species. (PHILADEL-
PHIA).
Oistribution.-(Fig. 77).The place where the
type series was collected lies some 170 km
NNE from the type locality, of the nominate
subspecies, on a different mountain range
separated from it by an important flu vial val-
ley (Rivers Zamora and Namangoza) (Ama-
zonian watershed).
Identification.- It has been difficult to de-
cide whether the present form represents a
subspecies or just a geographical intraspecific
variation. Superficially, most differences with
nominate subspecies are of coloration. How-
ever, there are important differences in the
phallic complex, especially in the structure of
the epiphallus, that points to subspecific range.
The region where these specimens came from
is very rich in insect species, and not well
known in this respect. A better knowledge of
its acridid fauna may modify the present sta-
tus of this group. Male: agrees in general with
that of nominate subspecies as defined in the
original generic description. Main external dif-
ferences in form have been indicated above in
our observations related to generic descrip-
tion (frons, length of tegmina). Male as in Fig.
38. Head and fastigium as in Figs 54, 57. Teg-
mina (Fig. 43) reaching posterior edge of first
abdominal segment, almost contiguous dor-
sally, with pointed apices. External apical spine
of hind tibiae present in holotype and only in
one of the female paratypes. Male abdominal
91
terminalia (Fig. 54) Phaeoparia-like, with
straight conical cerci, triangular epiproct and
pointed subgenital plate. Phallic complex (Fig.
68) differs in shape of endophallic apical valves
and in the general structure of the epiphallus,
as shown in Fig. 68. Chromatic characters.
Male: body and legs citrine to olive-yellow in
some areas; antennae with scape and pedicel
buff-yellow, flagellum chestnut, with five api-
cal articles buff-yellow; eyes cinnamon-rufous;
tegmina of a reddish hue of same color;
genicular lobes and base of hind tibiae pale
straw-yellow, the rest of the hind tibiae and
tarsi scarlet; fore and middle tarsi buff-yel-
low. Female: of the two specimens of this sex
at hand, one coincides very well in colors with
the described male in its green (citrine) gen-
eral color; (antennae missing); end of abdo-
men turning gradually cinnamon, then cream-
color on the ovipositor valves. The second
female represents a different color phase, be-
ing almost entirely cinnamon-brown to
fuscous, ovipositor cream-color as in the first
one; genicular lobes and base of hind tibiae
colored as body, the latter turning gradually
scarlet from basic third to apices, hind tarsi
also of this color. Antennae as in male, but tips
are missing. Both females have at the antero-
superior corner of the proepisternum, the yel-
low area mentioned for the nominate subspe-
cies.
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Agricola 6(1): 61-66.
Linne C. 1764. Insecta exotica. Pars 1, pp. 1-152 in Mu-
seum Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae, Holmiae, viii+ 722
pp.
Marshall JA. 1983. The orthopteroid insects described by
Linnaeus, with notes on the Linnaean collection. Zoo-
logical Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 78:
375-396.
Mason JB. 1969. The tympanal organ of Acridomorpha
(Orthoptera). EOS, Madrid, 44: 267-355.
Mesa A, Ferreira A, Carbonell CS. 1983. Cariologia de los
acridoideos neotropicales: estado actual de su
conocimiento y nuevas contribuciones. Annales de la
Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 18(1982) (4):
507-526.
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
93
Muller P. 1972. Centres of dispersal and evolution in the
Neotropical region. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna S.H.Scudder, 1868-1879, with a revision of their no-
menclature. Proceedings of the Boston Societ of
7: 173-185.
Natural History 27: 201-218. y
Otte D. 1978. The primary types of Orthoptera (Sal tatoria
Mantodea, Phasmatodea and Blattodea) at the Acad~
Scudder
0 SH.
· 1901. Index to North American Orthopt era.
ccas10nal Papers of the Boston Society of Natural
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings
History, N° 6, vi+ 436 pp.
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
130: 26-87. Sjtistedt Y. 1933. Orthopterentypen im Naturhistorischen
Re1chsmuseum zu Stockholm. 2, Acrididae. Arkiv for
Passerin d'Entreves P. 1981. Cataloghi. IV-Collezioni
Zoologi, 24(1): 1-89, 20 pl.
ort~tterologi,ch.e del Museo di Zoologia
Smithe FB. 1975. Naturalist's color guide. The American
dell Umversita di Torma. Museo Regionale di Scienze
Naturae, Torino, 127 pp. Museum of Natural History, N.Y., 8 pp. 8 pl.
Stal C. 1873 ..Recen,sio orthopterorum. Revue critique des
Ragge DR ..1955. The wing-venation of the Orthoptera
Orthopteres decnts par Linne, De Geer et Thunberg.
Sa~tatona with notes on Dictyopteran wing-venation.
, Norstedt and Stiner, Stockholm, 105 pp.
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Stal~· 1876. ~bservations orthopterologiques. Diagnoses
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Acndidae (Orthoptera) of Costa Rica. Proceedings of
, Vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingar 4(5): 53-58.
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systematisation des acridoidees. Bihang till Kongliga
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Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Uppsaliensis
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Scudder SH. 1897. List of exotic Orthoptera described by
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 95
94

Epiprora hilaris Rowellia costaricensis

A B
Albinella pulchra Phaeoparia 1. lineaalba

-CtQ§iCC~~
c~
Abila latipes Phaeoparia aequatorialis

D
Abila christianeae
~ Phaeoparia rondoni

Abila bolivari
Phaeoparia tingomariae

F
~~ Abila descampsi Phaeoparia depressicornis

Fig. 40. Genera Epiprora, Albinella, Abila, Rowellia and Phaeoparia. Tegmina of males of
long-winged species (as indicated). Maculae as present sometimes in Phaeoparia and
Fig. 39. Taxonomical characters in tegmina. A, black shiny macula as frequent on tegmina of female
other genera not figured. Scale lines, 5 mm.
Maculiparia species. B, Dark macula as seen frequently on Phaeoparia and Maculiparia tegmina. C,
areas of tegmen where maculae are usually located. D, series of light-colored maculae which form
the so-called "/inea alba" on the tegmina of many phaeopariini species, always placed on area 4 of
"C". E, obliquely truncated apex of tegmen as found in P. lineaa/ba. F, similar apex of tegmen as found
in Maculiparia rotundada carrikeri. G, same in very narrow tegmen, as found in Albinella pulchra. H,
acutely rounded apex of tegmen as found in Epiprora hilaris. J, rounded apex of tegmen as found in
Maculiparia immaculata. K, broadly rounded apex of tegmen as found in Abila latipes and other species
of that genus. L, Nomenclature of wing venation as used in present paper, exemplified in a species
of Phaeoparia; Al, first anal; A2, second anal; C, costa; Cul, cubitus-one; CU2, cubitus-two; M, media;

L
R, radius; RS, radial sector; R+M, radial and medial united; SC, subcosta.
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 97
96

I
P. phrygana P. megacephala M. curtipennis M. o. solimoensis
Maculiparia annulicornis
~
I I

~
~\
P. amblyceps
Maculiparia r. rotundata P. bicolor
\ M. emarginata

~·~ -
M. o. obtusa

m- .....__,,,,

I~
P. carrascoi
Maculiparia. r. carrikeri 42

~
g;JjJJI
m- ! n~
~ 13~
.:~.... .
' -.'-. . .
£-

Fig. 42. Genera Phaeoparia and Maculiparia, tegmina ofbrevialate species (as indicated). Abbreviations: m,
male, f, female. P. phrygana, m, f, Costa Rica, Puntarenas, San Vito Jaba. P. amblyceps, m, Colombia, Meta,
La reforma; f, Colombia, Meta, Vista Hermosa. P. carrascoi, m, f, Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu. P.
megacephala, ml ("typical" chromatic form), Brasil, Bahia, Simoes Filho; m2 ("nordestina" chromatic
form), Brasil, Pernambuco, Caruaru; f ("nordestina" chromatic form) Brasil, Pernambuco, Recife, Dois
Irmaos. P. bicolor, m, f, Colombia, Cundinamarca, Saito de! Tequendama. P. monnei, m, f, para types, Brasil,
Mato grosso, Chapada dos Guimaraes. M. curtipennis, m, Colombia, Putumayo, between Paujil and Ori to;
f, Peru, Huallaga, Yurimaguas M. obtusa obtusa, m, f, Peru, Loreto, near Iquitos. Intermediate between M.
o. obtusa and M. o. solimoensis, m, Peru, Loreto, downstream from confluence of rivers Zumun and
Yahuasyacu. M. obtusa solimoensis. m, f, paratypes, Brasil, Amazonas, Tabatinga. M. emarginata, m, £2,
Venezuela, Carabobo, Trincheras; fl, holotype, Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello; £3, Venezuela,
Aragua, Tiara. Scale line in all drawings, 1 mm.
Fig. 41. Genus Maculiparia, tegmina of long-~inged
species (as indicated). m, male, f, female. Scale lmes, 5
mm.

J
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL 99
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
98

M. cerdai M. havilandae M. huilensis

I Epiprora hilaris Albinella pulchra Rowellia costaricensis

A.mofdax

M. ariariensis

S. poulaini
,
-

G. s. cutucu
f .....- 43 M. guyanensis
\

M. terramar
m
-
~········
'£---' .. ,

Fig. 43. Genera Maculiparia, Aristia, Pseudaristia, Tepuiacris, Stornophilacris and Graciliparia. Tegmina of
brevialate species (as indicated). Abbreviations: m, male; f, female. Localities of collection. M. cerdai, f,
paratype, Venezuela, Amazonas, Duida National Park, Marahuaca; m, holotype, Venezuela, Amazonas,
~ig. 4~: GeneraEpiprora, Albinella, and Rowe/Zia, males (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax,
San Pedro de Cataniapo. M. ariariensis, ml, m2, f, Colombia, Vaupes, Bocas del Ariari. M. terramar, m.
atera , B, same, dorsal; C, end of abdomen, dorsal; D, same, lateral.
holotype, Venezuela, Amazonas, Aracamuni Norte. M. havilandae, m, Guyana, Bartica; f, Venezuela,
Bolivar, El Dorado to Santa Elena. M. alejomesai, m, £2, paratypes, Peru, Loreto Tamshiyacu, fl, Peru,
Loreto, Puerto Oriente. M. guyanensis, m, holotype, French Guiana, Oyapock, Trois Sauts; f, paratype,
same data. M. huilensis, m, paratype, Colombia, Huila, San Agustin. A. mordax, m, f, Colombia, Antioquia,
San Agustin. P. oxycodia, m, f, Colombia, EL Valle, Mares. T. duidae, m, f. para types, Duida National Park,
Marahuaca. S. seabrai, m, fl, paratypes, Brasil, Bahia, Barrolandia, £2, Brasil, Bahia, Itamaraju. S. poulaini,
m, f, paratypes, Brasil, Bahia, Cruz das Almas. G. shuara cutucu, m, holotype, f, paratype, Ecuador,
Marona-Santiago, Cordillera del Cutucu. Scale line in all drawings, 1 mm.
100 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
T
'
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
101

Abila latipes Abila cristianeae Abila descampsi Abila bolivari

;----'----
.:~:
!
• ! •

I I

Fig. 45. Genus Abila, males (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax, lateral; B, same, dorsal; c, end
of abdomen, dorsal; D, same, lateral; E, inner pagina of right hind femora. Scale lines, 1 mm, except for
femora where they represent 5 mm.
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL
102 103

P. megacephala Phaeoparia bicolor Phaeoparia monnei

......
0
u
CfJ
ro
!--<
~
u
p_;

48

Fig. 48. Genus Phaeoparia, males (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax, lateral; B,
same, dorsal; C, end of abdomen, dorsal; D, same, lateral. Scale lines, 1 mm

I l

.I
 .......
0

"""
M. r. carrikeri M. curtipennis
M. annulicornis M. r. rotundata

- ....,

- ·:~;Z\'..""<:·
::r::
t'I1
C"l
:;d
>
Cfl
Cfl
::r::
0
"'d
"'d
t'I1
:;d
....,
-
:;d
o:i
t'I1
"'d
::r::
>
-
t'I1
0
"'d
>
ZS
z-

Fig. 49. Genus Maculiparia, males (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax, lateral; B, same, dorsal; C,
end of abdomen, dorsal; D, same, lateral. Scale lines, 1 mm.

Maculiparia o. obtusa o.obtus.-o.solim. M. o. solimoensis M. emarginata

n
:i>-
1'::1

~
r
0
Cfl
':fl
n

~aY
:i>-
1'::1
o:i
0
z
l:Ti
r
r

Fig. 50. Genus Maculiparia, males (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax, lateral; B, same, dorsal; C, end of abdomen,
dorsal; D, same, lateral. Note: column marked "a. obtus. - a. solim." refers to specimens intermediate between these subspecies. .......
Scale lines, 1 mm. 0
(JJ
 ......
0
Maculiparia cerdai M. ariariensis M. terramar ~
M. alejomesai

.....,
::c!Tl
CJ
Al
>
CfJ
CfJ
::c
0
""d
""d
!Tl
Al
.....,
Al
>--<
O:I
!Tl
""d
::c
>
!Tl
0
""d
>
~
~

Fig. 51. Genus Maculiparia, males (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax, lateral; B, same, dorsal; C, end of
abdomen, dorsal; D, same, lateral. Scale lines, 1 mm.

M. immaculata M. havilandae
M. huilensis M. guyanensis

- -
n
>
Al
L'
0
CfJ
':fl
n
>
Al
O:I
0
z
!Tl
L'
L'

Fig. 52. Genus Maculiparia, males (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax, lateral; B, same, dorsal; C, end of
abdomen, dorsal; D, same, lateral. Scale lines, 1 mm.

......
0
'l
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL 109
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
108
Stornophilacris seabrai Stornophilacris poulaini Graciliparia s. cutucu

Tepuiacris duidae Pseudaristia oxycodia

Aristia mordax

54

~:~r~~; ~e~:::es~~;~:ti~c:~;n~ G;~cilipariad, male s (species as indicated). A, head and prothorax,

Fig. 53. Genera Aristia, Tepuiacris, and Pseudaristia, males (species as indicated). A, head and ' ' ' ' o a omen, orsa 1; D, same, lateral. Scale lines, 1 mm.
prothorax, lateral; B, same, dorsal; C, end of abdomen, dorsal; D, same, lateral.
~----------------------~~-

CARLOS S. CARBONELL 111

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
110

Albinella pulchra Abila latipes Abila christianeae P. amblyceps

Epiprora hilaris P. carrascoi P. megacephala
f

-T
·-·····'-.....
female
unknown

Abila descampsi Abila bolivari Rowellia costaricensis

f
P. bicolor P. monnei M. annulicornis
£

Phaeoparia tingomariae Phaeoparia 1. lineaalba Phaeoparia aequatorialis

f
f

M. r. rotundata M. r. carrikeri M. curtipennis

Phaeoparia depressicornis Phaeoparia phrygana

Phaeoparia rondoni
f f
f

........
M. o. obtusa M. o. solimoensis M. emarginata
£ £
55

. . b ·z Rowe Ilia and Phaeoparia (species as indicated). Dorsal

Fig. 55. Genera Epiprora, Alb1~ella, ~· ~ ~l k Scale line at bottom right of plate, 1 mm. m, male;
views of fastigia. Lateral ocelh un so i ac .
f, female. 56

Fig. 56. Genera Phaeoparia and Maculiparia (species as indicated) Dorsal views of fastigia. Lateral ocelli in
solid black. Scale line at bottom right of plate, 1 mm. m, male; f, female.
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 113
112

M. ariariensis M. terramar M. alejomesai

Maculiparia cerdai
f ...... -~., f
f E. hilaris

~{~~"'''
A. pulchra R. costaricensis P. phrygana

.....(:.·.:~·~:~.)

M. immaculata M. havilandae M. huilensis M. guyanensis

f
f

'
Aristia mordax Pseudaristia oxycodia Tepuiacris duidae D \.
f f
.,·····--//:;·7. .,,. -.1·····
1;

Stornophilacris seabrai S. poulaini Graciliparia shuara cutucu

f

Fig. 57. Genera Maculiparia, Aristia, Pseudaristia, Tepuiacris, Stornophi.lacris and Gra~iliparia (species as ~~· 58. Gen:ra Epiprora, Albinella, ~owellia and Phaeoparia, phallic complex (species as indicated). A,
indicated). Dorsal views of fastigia. Lateral ocelli in solid black. Scale lme at bottom nght of plate, 1 mm. ole. phallic complex, lateral; B, c1_ngulum, lateral; C, endophallus, lateral; D, whole phalic complex,
m, male; £, female. dorsal, E, endophallus, dorsal; F, ep1phallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, frontal.
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 115
114

A. descampsi A. bolivari
A. latipes A. christianeae P. 1. lineaalba
~ P. 1. deludens P. aequatorialis

H Fig. 60. Genus Phaeoparia, phallic complex (species as indicated). A, Whole phallic complex,
lateral; B, cingulum, lateral; C, endophallus, lateral; D, whole phalic complex, dorsal; E,
endophallus, dorsal; F, epiphallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, frontal.

. . d' t d) A Whole phallic complex, lateral; B,

Fig. 59. Genus Abila, phallic complex (speciesha~ m h~~~c eco~plex, dorsal; E, endophallus, dorsal; F,
. 1 m lateral· C endophallus, lateral; D, w o e p
ongu u , ' ' f ontal
epiphallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, r .
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 117
116

P. depressicornis P. amblyceps
P. tingomariae P. rondoni P. carrascoi P. megacephala P. bicolor P. monnei

Fig._62. Genus Phaeoparia, phallic complex (s ecies as ind·

B, cmgulum, lateral; C, endophallus later~· D icate~). A, Whole phallic complex, lateral;
Fig. 61. Genus Phaeoparia, phallic complex (species as indicated). A, Whole phallic complex, lateral; B, dorsal; F, epiphallus dorsal. G same' 1 t 1, H ' whole phahc complex, dorsal; E, endophallus
' ' ' ' a era ; , same, frontal. '
cingulum, lateral; C, endophallus, lateral; D, whole phalic complex, dorsal; E, endophallus, dorsal; F,
epiphallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, frontal.
--------------------------~~~

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

118 119

M. o. obtusa M. o. solimoensis M. emarginata

M. r. rotunda ta M. r. carrikeri M. curtipennis

M. annulicornis

Fig. 63. Genus Maculiparia, phallic complex (species as indicated). A, Whole phallic complex, lateral;
B, cingulum, lateral; C, endophallus, lateral; D, whole phalic complex, dorsal; E, endophallus, dorsal;
F, epiphallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, frontal.
~
r;\i'_0 [7~
0~
Fig. 64. Genus Maculiparia phallic com lex ( . . .
cingulum, lateral; C, end;phallus late~ l· Dspe~1et as m~1cated). A, Whole phallic complex, lateral; B,
epiphallus, dorsal· G same latera,l· H a' ,fw o el phahc complex, dorsal; E, endophallus, dorsal; F,
' ' , , , same, ronta .
----------------------~-

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

121
120

M. immaculata M. havilandae M. huilensis M. guyanensis

M. ariariensis M. terramar M. alejomesai

D
M. cerdai .

·(.,_·_ ~ .
.

A . .

~~
\W ~
~
' '
~:':'::. ··-
.. ·
B .....///_.·
:'\
·, __ ,

.
~~
~
~/)
~ .

. .
. \"\

. . . lex (s ecies as indicated). A, Whole phallic complex,

Fig. 65. Genus Maculipana, phallic comp 11 p 1 t l· D whole phalic complex, dorsal; E,
. 1 1 t l· C endopha us, a era, '
lateral; B, cmgu um, a e.ra, 1, d l· G same lateral; H, same, frontal.
endophallus, dorsal; F, ep1phal us, orsa, ' , Fig. 66. Genus Maculiparia, phallic complex (species as indicated). A, Whole phallic complex, lateral;
B, cingulum, lateral; C, endophallus, lateral; D, whole phalic complex, dorsal; E, endophallus, dorsal;
F, epiphallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, frontal.

J
~-----------------------~~

CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 123
122

T. duidae P. oxycodia S. poulaini S. seabrai G. s. cutucu

A. mordax

Fig. 6~. Genera Storno~hilacris and Graciliparia, phallic complex (species as indicated). A, Whole hallic
~o;p ~x, late~al;
Fig. 67. Genera Aristia, Tepuiacris and Pseudaristia, phallic complex (species as indicated). A, Whole phallic
complex, lateral; B, cingulum, lateral; C, endophallus, lateral; D, whole phalic complex, dorsal; E, n op a us, 1 B, cmg~lum, lateral; C, endophallus, lateral; D, whole phalic complex, dofsal· E
orsa 1; F, ep1phallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, frontal. ' '
endophallus, dorsal; F, epiphallus, dorsal; G, same, lateral; H, same, frontal.
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 125
124

Maculiparia rotundat~ carrik~ 73 ilMac;:;lipariahavilandae I

•
•
Maculiparia annulicornis _J • eMaculiparia immaculata
I .& M~cullparia guya~en~~
71
* Rowellia costaricensis
*e Phaeoparia depressicornis
Phaeoparia phrygana

Fig. 73. Genus Maculiparia in the Guianas, species as

indicated. Open circles represent cities, included as
landmarks. Dotted lines mark country limits. Scale in
kilometers.

69
\).
\\! QMERIDA

i•
·.
·..........................
*
500
Fig. 69. Genera Phaeoparia and Rowellia in Central America, species as
indicated. Open circles represent cities, included as landmarks. Dotted Aristia mordax
lines mark country limits. Scale in kilometers. Fig. 71. Genus Maculiparia in Colombia and Ecuador,
species as indicated. Open circles represent cities,
• •
* Maculipa_ria
ananens1s
included as landmarks. Dotted lines mark country limits. 'b soooTA • Maculiparia
Scale in kilometers. ••~ huilensis
• • Phaeoparia
amblyceps
i• Phaeoparia
1
bi color
74
•
COLOMBIA
i ... Pseudaristia
L_ oxyco_d_ia_ __,
* P A N A M A
100 300

Fig. 74. Genera Aristia, Maculiparia and Pseudaristia in

Colombia and Venezuela; species as indicated. Open
circles represent cities, included as landmarks. Dotted
lines mark country limits. Scale in kilometers.

70
~

• Maculiparia
CARA CA SQ emarginata
A. A.
Fig. 70. Maculiparia rotundata rotundata in Central America. Open circles MARACAYO A
represent cities, included as landmarks. Scale in kilometers.
72 V E N E Z U E L A
I'
50
If i I, I
100
I

Fig. 72. Maculiparia emarginata in Venezuela. Open circles represent cities, included as landmarks. Scale in kilometers.
 T
CARLOS S. CARBONELL 127
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI

.
126
~~Gracili.paria shuara cutucu • Graciliparia s shuara ~LOMB IA

..... ·····....
~
i...r··. "=·~.. * ...
I *
Phaeoparia aequatorialis
ii. ., •

::Eu~~R .
75 Q BOGOTA
·.
'· ....... ;······
~:.~
,.I ···_.':

0
77
COLOMBIA
·.
..:::
o_ ~ _;
*

cusco
P E R U .

100 200~ ~9~

R)AS~~•O *
.• Maculiparia obtusa obtusa A Maculiparia obtus a so 1·1moens1s
.

Fig. 77. Genera Graciliparia and Phaeoparia in southern

Colombia, northwestern Peru and Ecuador, species as
md1cated. Open circles represent cities, included as
*
Maculiparia alejomesai

Phaeoparia carrascoi *
• Albinella pulchra

Phaeoparia monnei

000
landmarks. Dotted lines mark country limits. Scale in Fig. 79. Genera Albinella, Maculiparia and Phaeoparia in
kilometers. central Brasil, eastern Peru and southern Col b"
• Phaeoparia rondoni A. Phaeoparia tingomariae sp~~ s as m· d"icate d . Open circles represent .t.Olli!~
.
1 d d CI 1es, m-
e
** Phaeoparia lineaalba deceptrix
Phaeoparia lineaalba deludens
Phaeoparia lineaalba lineaalba
e u e. as.landmarks. Dotted lines mark country limits
Scale m kilometers. ·

Fig. 75. Genus Phaeoparia in South America, species as indicated. Open circles represent
( -e Epiprora hilaris
cities, included as landmarks. Dotted lines mark country limits. Scale in kilometers. I •Abila bolivari
. ··-········+ A Abila descampsi

76
*
*M~culip~ri~Mia~i~~~~
Maculiparia cerdai
• Maculiparia terramar
VENEZUELA
/ ! .. BRA
• Tepuiacris d uidae
\.,.... / P O R T O VELHO

COLOMBIA '°"·, \ .......:, A 6 •

6
'.;,' Q LA PAZ t.,··, •• BRASILIAQ

'1
'=:·r····..f ( .......~
NEIVA
0 \······· o 500 -... i'OOO···-··{.
··.,
.·-··.
•••••. SAO PAULO 80
:····:
.....·
200 400 600
i
............··
I I
Fig_- 80_- Genera Abila and Epiprora in S. America, species
Fig. 78. Maculipa:ia curtipennis in northwestern Peru and as md1cated. Open circles represent cities, included as
Ecuador. Open circles represent cities, included as land- landmarks. Dotted lines mark country limits. Scale in
Fig. 76. Genera Maculiparia and Tepuiacris in Colombia and Ven- marks. Dotted lines mark country limits. Scale in kilome- kilometers.
ezuela, species as indicated. Open circles represent cities, in- ters.
cluded as landmarks. Dotted lines mark country limits. Scale in
kilometers.
 r CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 129
128
State of PERNAMBUCO
Manaus, Igarape Tamma 03°00'S 60°05'W Sierra de San Lorenzo not found
Bonito 08°29'S 35°44'W
Manaua a Itacoatiara, km 64 03°00'S 59°30'W Vista Nieve
Caruaru 08°17'S 35°55'W
100 200 300
Rio Preto do Igap6 Acu (BR461) 05°25'S 6l 40'W
0
(nr. Santa Marta (approx) 11°00'N 74°00'W
Recife (Dois Irmaos) 08°02'5 34°55'W
03°40'S 61°28'W Dpt. META
Rio Purus, foz do Sao Lourenco da Mata 08°00'S 35°03'W
03°05'S 68°00'W La Macarena (town) 02°03'N 73°57'W
BRAZIL Santo Antonio do lea State of RONDONIA
• Sao Paulo de Olivenca
Tabatinga
03°27'S
04°15'S
68°58'W
70°oo·w
Ariquemes
Colorado do Oeste
09°57'S
13°15'S
63°04'W
60°45'W
La Reforma,, nr Villavicencio
Los Micas (on Cano Canima) 03°10'N 73°3s·w
03°25'S 64°43'W Villavicencio 04°10'N 73°40'W
Teffe Ouro Preto do Oeste 10°47'S 63°00'W Vista Hermosa, nr. Villavicencio not found
State of BAHIA Porto Velho 08°45'S 63°55'W
16°04'S 39°2o·w Rio Ocoa (nr. Villavicencio) not found
Barrolandia Vilhena 12°43'S 60°07'W
15°53'S 38°55'W Serrania de La macarena
Belmonte State of SAO PAULO
Conceicao do Almeida l2°49'S 39°11·w (approx. center of) 03°00'N 74°00'W
ltirapina 22°15'S 47°4S'W
12°40'S 39°0S'W Susumuco (a stream, limit
Cruz das Almas Sao Paulo (City of) 23°30'S 46°3l'W
15°33'S 40°55'W btw. Cundinamarca and Meta) 04°14"N 73°45'W
Encruzilhada
17°04'S 39°34'W Dpt. NARINO
ltamaraju BOLIVIA
ltamaraju a Prado (1I2 camino) 17°15'S 39°25'W El Diviso 01°25'N 78°2o·w
Dpt. LA PAZ
15°55'S 39°32·w El Diviso a Barbacoa (approx.) 01°30'N 78°10'W
SALVA[)(Jfl_ _ _ _ _ _
!tape bi Apolo 14°43'S 69°30'W
Livramento do Brumado 13°3s·s 41°50'W Espriella 01°25'N 78°38'W
Dpt. SANT A CRUZ
• JEQUllO
• Abila latipes
• Abila
chri sti aneac
Maracas
Mascote
13°26'S
15°35'S
40°27'W
39°17'W
39°33·w
(Pr.Ichilo) Buena Vista
(Pr.Gutierrez) Cuatro Ojos
17°27'S
16°50'S
63°40'W
63°35'W
Guayacana (aprox)
junin
Btw. Paujil & El Orito
01°20'N
01°20'N
78°10'W
78°10'W
Mucuri l8°06'S
• Phaeoparia 11°45'S 42°4o·w Quebrada de Los Palpes, not found

*
QITABUNA Pi tuba COLOMBIA
megacephala Porto Segura 16°26'S 39°05'W Ori to 00°45'N 76°50'W
Dpt. AMAZONAS
~*
13°35'S 41°4s·w Ricaurte 01°l3'N 78°oo·w
Stornophilacris Rio de Contas La Sabana (Rver Cahuinari) 01 'OS'S n°32·w
38°30'W Dpt. PUTUMA YO
* bahiensis
• Stornophilacris
Salvador
Simoes Filho
13°00'S
12°54'S 38°27'W
lgara Parana, River: 30 km
downstream from La Chorrera 01°33'S n°4o·w
From Paujil to Orito
Dpt. RISARALDA
00°40'N 76°50'W

81 * * poulaini
Stornophilacris
State of CEARA
Crato (6 km S of)
DISTRITO FEDERAL
10°17'S 39°24'W
Dpt. ANTIOQUIA
Antioquia
Boquer6n (near Medellin)
06°30'N 75°5o'w
Santa Rosa de Cabal (approx.)
Dpt. SANTANDER
05°15'N 76°00'W

47°54'W not found Bucaramanga-Aguachica Rd.,

seabrai Brasilia 20°47'S
Matasano (near Medellin) 06°15'N 75°35'W km. 36
State of GOIAS 07°32'N 73°10·w
Medellin 06°10'N 75°3s'w
17°34'S 52°34'W La Lechera not found
Mineiros Remedios 07°00'N 74°41·w Puerto Carare 06°47'N 74°06'W
Santa Isabel do Morro Rio Negro (near Medellin) 06°09'N 75°25'W
11°33'S 50°40'W Rio Opon (aprox.) 06°50'N 73°40'W
Fig. 81. Genera Abila, Phaeoparia and Stornophilacris in (on.Banana! Island) Santa Helena not found Dpt. VALLE
Northeastern Brasil, species as indicated. Open circles State of MARANHAO Dpt. CORDOBA
Igarape Gurupi Uma (50 km E. of Anchicaya, on old
represent cities, included as landmarks. Dotted lines Ayapel (Cano Seco) 08°19'N 75°09'W
03°3o·s 46°30'W Buenaventura road 03°35'N 76°20'W
Caninde, estimated) Btw. Monteria and Tierra Alta 08°25'N 75°55'W
mark country limits. Scale in kilometers. Buenaventura-Cali road, km.40-50 03°50'N 76°40'W
State of MA TO GROSSO Dpt. CAQUET A
15°27'S 55°44'W Calima 04°00'N 77°00'W
Chapada dos Guimaraes Rio Orteguaza (approx.) 01°00'N 75°2o·w
15°36'S 56°06'W Carmelo not found
Cuiaba Dpt.CAUCA
not found Cordoba on Rio Dagua (aprox) 03°50'N 76°50'W
Appendix I Serra de Petrovina
11°50'S 55°40'W
Pescador 02°45'N 76°35'W El Placer not found
Sin op Popayan 02°25'N 76°40'W
14°25'S 56°28'W La Cumbre (pueblo) 03°38'N 76°34' w
Diamantino (BR 163) Dpt. CESAR
16°45'S 54°3S'W Mares not found
Approximate coordinates of localities of Pedra Preta San Alberto 07°48'N 73°25'W
12°oo·s 53°22'W COSTA RICA
collection mentioned in the text. Posto jacare on R. Xingu
12°00'S s3°22·w Estrella Valley 09°45'N 83°10'W
Posto jacare on Rio Xingu Dpt. CUNDINAMARCA
State of MATO GROSSO DO SUL La Emilia (Guapiles) 10°13'N 83°47'W
BRASIL Caparrapi 05°20'N 74°3o·w
20°33'S 52°25'W Juan Vinas 09°54'N 83°45'W
Rio Branco Las Mesitas (approx., near Bogota,
State of ALAGOAS 19°10'S 57°3S'W Puerto Viejo 10°28'N S4°oo·w
09°42' s 35°45'W Urucum on Tequendama Valley) 04°40'N 74°10·w
Macei6 San Vito (of jaba) 08°48'N 82°58'W
10°05' s 36°03'W State of MINAS GERAIS Btw. Pacho y Las Palmas 05°15'N 74°15'W
Macei6 (50 km S of) l8°45'S 44°27'W
Macei6 (53 km N of, on BR 101) 09°17'S 35°28'W Curvelo Susumuco (a stream, limit btw.
18°45'S 43°36'w ECUADOR
09°45'S 35°50' w Diamantina Cundinamaca and Meta) 04°14'N 73°45'W
Frances (22 km S of Macei6) 1s 2s·s
0
43°s5'W Prov. AZUAY
Gouveia Villela 05°02'N 74°15'W
State of AMAPA 17°22·s 44°57'W Rio Pescado 02°42'S 79°3l'W
00°05'N 51°05'W Pirapora Tequendama Falls (aprox) 04°45'N 74°05'W
Ma ca pa 21°4S'S 46°35'W Sigsig 03°04'S 78°48'W
00°07'S 51°l 7'W Pocos de Caldas Dpt. GUAVIARE
Mazagao Ventura on Rio Chanchan (aprox) 02°15'S 79°07'W
00°37'N 51°22·w State of PARA Bocas del Ariari 02°30'N n°5o·w
Porto Plat6n 01°25'S 4s 0 3o·w Naranja, 7 km E of see Prov. Pichincha
00°58'N 52°03' w Belem Dpt. HUILA
Serra do Navia 01°10·s 51°37'W Prov. GUAYAS
State of AMAZON AS Bonfim San Agustin 01"55'N 76°18'W
04°13'S 56°00'W Bucay on Rio Chimbo
04°20' s 70°os·w Itaituba Dpt. MAGDALENA
Atalaia do Norte 06°11 'S 58°02' W (now General Elizalde) 02°11 'S 79°08'W
04°27'S 70°03'W jacareacanga Aracataca 10°36'N 74°11·w
Benjamin Constant 01°55'S 55°3l'W Rio Frio 02°6'S 79°40'W
02°32'S 66°0l'W Obidos Cincunnati l 1°06'N 74'05'W
Fonteboa 02°22'S s4°43'W Prov. ESMERALDAS
07°30'S 63°0l'W Santarem Las Pavas not found
Humaita 06°05'S 50°00'W El Placer (24 km by RR NW
Serra Carajas (road across) San Diego (near Santa Marta) 11°10'N 73°4o·w
Igara jacana of Lita) OD°53'N 78°36'W
"jutai" (on BR319 a Manaus) 05°15'S 62°00'W State of P ARAIBA Sevilla 10°45'N 74°1o·w 79°4l'W
07°07'S 34°s4'W Esmeraldas, 7 km E of 00°58'N
03°l7'S 60°37'W joao Pessoa ( IBDF Park) El Pueblito (in Tayrana Nat. Park) not found
Manacapuru
03°08'S 60°02'W
Mana us
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL 131
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
130
06°50'N 58°10'W Prov. PASCO
Demerara (Georgetown) Oxapampa
Prov. MORON A-SANTIAGO OS 0 0l'N 59°30'W 10°35'S n°2s·w
Kaieteur falls, Essequibo River
"Valle del Santiago" (Town of Santiago) 06°lO'N 58°45'W Pichis, Rio (aprox.) 10°00'S 75°00'W
03°03'S 78°02'W Kartabo Tambo Enef\as on Pichis Trail not found
06°0l'N 58°12'W
78°35'W Mackenzie, Demerara River
03°24'5 Tambo Enef\as to 2 de mayo not found
Gualaquiza Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River
05°30'N 59°0l'W Prov. SAN MARTIN
Prov. NAPO Tumatumari on Potaro River
00°55'S 77°SO'W Achinamiza (=Achinamijo) on Rio Huallaga
Archidona Wineperu, Essequibo
00°28'S 06°25'S 75°54'W
Coca (now Puerto Francisco de Orellana)
Moyobamba 03°02'S 76°59'W
76°58W 77°47'W PANAMA
00°58'S not found Tarapoto 06°31'S 76°23'W
Dos Rios, 2 km E of Tena Cerro Azul (C.Z.)
not found 09°07'N 79°55W
Jatun Sacha Barro Colorado Island (C.Z.)
not found 08°SO'N 82'40'W SURINAM
Ongota (2 km S. of) Chiriqui, Volcan
00°22'S 78'08'W Saramacca (district of, center) 05°00'N 56°00'W
Papallacta Campana, Cerro (C.Z.?) not found
not found 08°55'N 79°35'W Moen go 05°35'N 54°30'W
Pindo Cocoli (C.Z.)
00°06'S 77'35'W
09°lO'N 79°40'W Paramaribo 05°50'N ss 010·w
Rio Arajuno Gamboa (C.Z.)
Btw. Rios Rumiyacu & Tiputini 09°10'N 80°00'W
75°SO'W Gatun (C.Z.) VENEZUELA
(approx., tentative) 00°40'S 09°20'N 79°3o·w
76°53'W Madden Forest Reserve (C.Z.)
00°05'N not found AMAZONAS State
Santa Cecilia on Rio Aguarico Madronal, Rio
01°07'S 77°4S'W 79°36'W Aracamuni Norte 03 032 ,N 65°49'W
Tena (8 km S of) Pedro Miguel (C.Z.) 09°03'N
01°0l'S 77°49'W 79°40'w Duida, Monte 03 , 20 ,N 65°20'W
Tena (now called Puerto Napo) Portobelo (Porto Bello) 09°35'N
01°03'S 77°43'W 79°59'W Marahuaca, in Duida Na!. Park 03 , 31 ,N 65°32'W
Tena to Misahualli (approx.) Trinidad, Rio (C.Z.) 08°58'N
01°05'S 77°45'W Huachamacari, Cerro, in Duida Natnl.
Tena, 8 km SE of (approx.)
Park, Marahuaca 03 , 19 ,N 65°45'W
Prov. PASTAZA PERU
01°45'S 77°30'W San Pedro de Cataniapo 05 , 30 ,N 67°30'W
Sarayacu on Rio Bobonaza Prov. AMAZONAS
01°15'S 78°0S'W 77°40'W Puerto Ayacucho 05041 ,N 67°47'W
Shell-Mera on Rio Pastaza Rio Santiago (tentativo) 04°20'S
ARAGUA State
Pr. PICHINCHA Prov. CUSCO
00°02·s 79°30'W l3°1o·s n°2s·w Choroni (N. of Maracay) l0°30'N 67°35'W
Naranja, 7 km E of (tentative) Aguascalientes
00°16'S 78°45'W 73°30'W Rancho Grande 10°18'N 67°33'W
Old Santo Domingo Road (tentat.) Machu Picchu l3°08'S
00°02'S 78°46'W Tiara 10°10'N 67°08'W
Mindo Road
00°03'S 78°46'W 70°s3'W BARINAS State
Mindo 13°25'S
00°02·s 7s 045'W Marca pa ta
12°3s·s 69°54'W San Isidro (NW of La Soledad, in NW corner of Barinas)
Mindo, 9 km from (tentativo) Quince Mil
00°15'S 79°lO'W
Santo Domingo de los Colorados Prov. HUANUCO
00°25'S 78°47'W 76°03'W 08°58'N 70°35'W
Tandapi 08°56'S
Aucayacu BO LIV AR State
Prov. QUITO not found
Leonpampa El Palmar, Camp. Rio Grande, Reserva Foresta! Imataca
Quito, Nr. Volcan du Corazon (tentativo) 09°16'S 75°59'W
00°14'S 7s 03s·w Tingo Maria 08°0l'N 61°55'W
Cano Negro 06°23'N 62°59'W
Prov. TUNGURAHUA Prov. LORETO
01°14'S 78'37'W 71°54'W Canaima 07°44'N 62°50'W
Ambato Estiron on Rio Ampiyacu 03°l7'S
04°55'S 73°39'W CARABOBO State
Pr. ZAMORA-CHINCHIPE Genaro Herrera on Rio Ucayali
03°58S 79°03'W 73°1s·w Las Quiguas not found
Sabanilla 03°43'S
02°40'5 78°07'W Iquitos Puerto Cabello 10°28'N 68°00'W
Yapita on trail Logrofl.o-Yaupi Iquitos-Nauta Rd.,
04°39'S 79°08'W 73°30'W Trincheras 10°20'N 68°04'W
Palanda Alpayacu (tentative) 04°00'S
03°47'S 73°l7'W DISTRITO FEDERAL
Rio ltaya, nr. Iquitos Naiguata 10°35'N 66°38'W
FRENCH GUYANA Putumayo District, La Chorrera
03°10'N s2°3o·w 71°59'W MONAGAS State
Camoupi to La sombra (tentative) 02°37'S
04°SO'N s2°3o·w Via Carico a Caripe (approx.) 10°15'N 63°32'W
Cayenne s3°54'W Pacaya-Samiria Natural Reserve,
Charven, Noveau Chantier 05°35N 05°13'S 74°38'W TA CH IRA State
on Rio Samiria
not found 07°24'S 74°57'W San Cristobal 07°47'N 72°12·w
Camp Coulevre Puerto Oriente on Rio Ucayali
Camp Pinot, btw. Trois Sauts et Purma de los Antiguos, confl. R.
02°30'N 53°40'W 74°12'W
Mt. Saint Marcel Yubineto with R. Putumayo 01°00'S
02°40'N 54°3o·w 73°lO'W
Itani, Antecumepata 04°00'5
05°40'N 54°40'W Tamshiyaco
Mana River 01°00'S 74°l7'W
not found Yubineto, River
Mount Matoury 05°54'S 76°07'W
54°30'W Yurimaguas (on Huallaga Riv.)
02°20'N
Mount Saint Marcel Zumun-Yahuasyacu confl.
05°20'N 54°3o·w 72°17'W
Sain Jean de Maroni (lieu dit "Colonia") 02°s2·s
04°00'N 52°00'W
Saut Maripa, Oyapock
not found
Sikini, Oyapock Prov. JUNIN
05°20'N 53°00'W
Sinnamary Chanchamayo, river from 10°45'5 I 75°15'W to 11°oo·s I
not found 75°20'W
Pied Saut Parare
03°55' N 52 °10'W 78°17'W
Trois Sauts, Oyapock (tentative) 11°03'S
05°25'N 54°00'W La Merced
Saint Laurent de Maroni 10°48'S 75°l6'W
Paucartambo
not found
Tarinas
GUYANA (BRITISH GUIANA) Prov. MADRE DEDIOS
05°47'N 57°38' w 71°13'W
Bartica 11°56'S
not found Pakitza
Camaria Tambopata (30 km SSW of Puerto
not found, except river 12°39'S 69°09'W
Essequibo Maldonado)
E.
 ~~~----------------------~

132 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

133

Appendix II f 450 450 479 12 56 41 97 166 224 305 39 24 145 19 71 76 78 58

f 451 443 473 11 55 40 95 155 219 306 38
Tables of measurements 23 143 18 66 72 77 56
f 452 487 483 11 55 40 95 155 213 290 38 23 128 18 66 72 78 56
f 453 444 470 12 57 40 97 157 208 303 39
Table 1. Epiprora hilaris Gerstaecker, measurements in tenths of a mm. 22 117 18 65 71 79 54
f 454 441 413 12 55 38 93 155 214 305 38 22 130 18 65 69 75 55
p
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 Q
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
m 530 333 275 5 27 18 45 84 157 256 27 19 140 8 43 39 40 30
19 140 8 45 40 45 30 pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M _ Q:
m 531 359 293 5 27 19 46 88 163 278 28
20 8 45 39 41 29 widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
m 532 311 273 5 25 19 44 86 159 232 29
47 39 40 30 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. BRASIL: Bahia; Maracas, 443 to 454
m 533 323 278 5 27 18 45 85 167 235 29 21 125 8
m 534 333 269 6 26 19 45 81 167 258 28 19 138 8 46 40 43 32
m 535 319 261 5 25 17 42 82 165 242 28 19 143 7 45 40 42 30
Table 4. Abila christianeae n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm.
m 543 332 288 5 27 18 45 90 172 248 29 20 141 8 47 41 41 31
Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M p
34 25 59 115 217 318 34 21 135 12 56 56 55 39 N 0 Q
f 536 424 355 8 mt 572 378 347 8 40 33 73 120 168 277 35
27 61 121 225 326 37 22 142 12 58 59 56 39 21 122 11 57 50 53 43
f 537 438 371 9 34 mp 573 378 357 8 38 34
59 59 58 40 72 117 171 273 35 21 117 11 56 49 54 45
f 538 458 385 8 36 27 63 123 236 339 38 23 118 13
f 539 443 427 8 36 27 63 115 217 330 35 20 10 54 55 55 40
21 11 56 56 55 33 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
f 540 410 341 8 33 24 57 111 208 305 34
59 60 60 41 pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
f 541 447 397 9 35 27 62 121 232 337 37 25 138 11
22 129 13 59 61 60 40 widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
f 542 462 402 8 39 25 64 122 226 357 38
1). Sx, sex. #, specimen number. m, male. £, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. BRASIL: Alagoas; Frances,
572, 573.
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, pr~z~na; E, metazon~; F'.
ronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.,_L, antenna. M ~­
~idths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; O, head at genae; P, pronot~m, n:1.~x.; Q, hmd femur (see Fig: Table 5. Abila bolivari Giglio Tos , measurements in tenths of a mm.
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. BRASIL: Amazonas; Jutai BR 319 k 369; 530, 531'. 542,
Maranhao; 30 km E of Caninde, 532; Para; Belem, Utinga; 533, 536, 543: Amapa; Macapa, Maza?ao, 534, Sx # A B C D E
541; Para; Belem, Bomfim, 535; Para; Belem, Mocambo, 537; Para; Belem, 540. PERU: Loreto; Iquitos, 539.
F G H I J K L M N 0 p Q
m 425 352 310 9 31 31 62 109 170 262 29 17 111 11 46 45 51 43
m 426 320 285 9 27 31 58 101 152 239 26 15 100 10 40 40 49 37
m 427 334 285 10 30 29 59 99 164 255 29 16 106 11 42 43
Table 2. Albinella pulchra n. sp , measurements in tenths of a mm. 49 38
m 428 339 304 10 29 32 61 107 171 259 29 16 107 11 42 43 49 40
m 429 347 309 9 30 32 62 107 164 256 28 17 108 11 43 44
Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 P Q 50 40
m 430 348 295 9 30 31 61 104 152 258 28 16 108 12 42 42
mt 544 314 229 8 18 14 32 72 147 246 20 14 149 4 32 30 32 22 50 38
m 431 343 303 8 30 33 63 106 160 259 29 16 109 11 43 43 50 40
m 432 359 319 8 31 31 62 112 170 261 29 18 107 12 43 42
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, pr~z~na; E, metazon~; F'. 51 41
m 433 355 349 9 30 32 62 106 169 264 29 17 114 11 45 44
ronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.,_L, antenna. M ~­ 53 40
~idths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.;~, hmd femur (~ee Fig. f 434 457 401 11 42 43 85 144 217 337 32
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. BRASIL: Rondoma; Ouro Preto d Oeste, 19 125 15 53 63 70 48
f 435 429 398 12 39 42 81 135 205 322 31 17 103 16 51 60 72 50
544. f 436 446 400 12 38 40 78 140 204 328 31 18 119 14 51 57 68 48
f 437 462 419 11 41 43 84 140 219 347 34 18 117 16 55 61 70 51
f 438 457 435 12 39 43 82 144 219 334 35 18 115 15 54 63 72 50
Table 3. Abila latipes Stal, measurements in tenths of a mm. f 439 448 388 12 38 39 77 134 205 334 31 16 111 15 50 59 69 48
f 440 435 401 11 38 39 77 130 200 324 33 17 113 14 52 58
Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q f
67 47
441 458 417 12 39 44 83 140 211 342 34 18 120 17 55 63
39 29 68 114 164 246 32 19 122 12 53 53 56 45 70 49
m 443 349 310 9 f 442 417 365 10 36 40 76 122 187 316 27
68 117 162 250 33 20 120 11 52 51 54 45 16 104 15 47 55 68 45
m 444 352 314 8 39 29
m 445 362 319 8 40 29 69 119 163 255 33 21 118 12 52 51 56 45
55 42 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
m 446 342 299 8 38 31 69 115 159 242 31 20 112 11 51 50
53 44 pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
m 447 350 315 8 39 29 68 118 164 258 32 20 119 11 53 53
53 42 widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
m 448 336 304 8 36 29 65 110 154 237 31 21 121 11 51 50
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. BRASIL: Goias; Mina~u, 425, 434; Minas Gerais; Po~os
de Caldas, 426, 435, 442; Minas Gerais; Curvelo, 429, 431, 441; Minas Gerais; Pirapora, 433, 440; Mato
449 432 445 13 52 38 90 151 200 298 39 23 121 19 66 72 75 56
Grosso; Chapada dos Guimaraes, 427, 436; Mato Grosso; Cuiaba, 428, 437, 438; Distrito Federal; Brasilia,
430, 439; Rondonia; Colorado d'Oeste, 432.
_................. --~----------~~-
T
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 135
134
mp 476 390 297 11 29 29 58 107 180 298 30 17 157 10 44 44 48 35
Table 6. Abila descampsi n. sp, measurements in tenths of a mm. m 477 359 283 11 25 25 50 89 163 283 27 15 136 10 39 40 43 32
K L M N 0 p Q m 478 339 273 10 26 24 50 100 166 253 29 16 129 11 42 42 43 30
Sx # A B C D E F G H J m 479 358 280 10 25 24
17 120 8 43 40 44 34 49 99 163 270 28 15 140 10 41 43 44 33
mt 455 346 282 7 25 30 55 96 164 264 32
19 129 7 46 45 51 38 m 480 408 307 11 29 29 58 102 184 319 30 17 152 11 45 46 49 35
mp 456 394 323 8 29 36 65 110 192 301 34
16 110 6 42 40 42 32 m 481 365 285 11 26 25 51 95 175 281 29 16 141 11 43 41 45 34
mp 457 352 290 7 25 30 55 99 161 269 31
51 97 158 270 30 17 102 7 42 40 43 31
mp 458 353 289 7 22 29 fp 482 489 391 13 35
18 8 48 46 48 35 37 72 137 225 370 33 17 115 14 52 61 63 43
mp 459 389 333 8 31 31 62 115 178 295 34
19 116 8 46 43 47 36 fp 483 463 375 12 34 35 69 128 218 352 33 17 13 50 59 60 42
mp 460 380 312 8 30 30 60 106 165 290 34
19 121 8 46 42 48 34 fp 484 492 431 13 36 37 73 138 225 372 34 17 117 15 52 61 64 44
mp 461 350 314 8 27 31 58 103 172 265 33
19 122 6 45 41 48 34 fp 485 515 412 13 35 35 70 131 216 382 34 17 112 15 52 61 63 42
mp 462 373 327 7 29 30 59 102 171 282 34
18 135 7 48 45 48 34 f 486 495 425 13 37 39 76 137 228 384 33 19 120 17 53 64 65 43
mp 463 370 323 7 30 30 60 106 168 275 34
f 487 480 403 13 33 34 67 133 222 363 34 19 15 52 58 59 41
19 150 11 58 65 70 48 f 488 495 398 12 34 34 68 132 222 370 33 17 15 51 60 60 40
fp 464 528 498 11 41 47 88 151 245 395 38
20 140 13 60 67 73 8 f 489 501 427 13 35 38 73 137 235 384 33 17 123 15 52 60 69 44
fp 465 530 465 12 45 50 95 151 243 401 40
22 143 13 64 71 77 53 f 490 467 383 11 35 32 67 132 214 347 35 18 110 15 53 59 59 42
fp 466 540 455 12 49 55 104 167 264 400 43
46 88 157 244 417 42 21 127 11 63 68 71 48
fp 467 544 418 11 42 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
50 91 153 250 402 41 20 142 13 61 68 73 47
fp 468 526 469 11 41 pr.onotum; G, .head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
52 98 159 263 429 41 21 13 62 70 76 50
fp 469 546 468 10 46 widths of: M, mterocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig
45 92 136 251 410 43 22 160 12 64 66 73 49
fp 470 542 472 11 47
22 13 66 73 76 50 1). Sx, sex.#, speci~en number. m, male. f, female. p, neoparatype. FRENCH GUIANA: Oya pock; Troi~
fp 471 590 500 12 52 48 100 168 274 443 45
21 140 13 63 67 70 47 Sauts, 473, 482; S~mt Jean de Maroni, 474, 483; Mana River, 475, 476, 484. SURINAM: Paramaribo, 485.
fp 472 531 443 11 44 48 92 150 243 402 42
BR~SIL: Rondoma; C?ur~ Preto d'Oeste, 477, 486; Amapa; Macapa, Mazagao, 478; Rondonia; Porto Velho,
479, Ama~onas; ~enpmm Constant, 480, 488; Para; Obidos, 481; Amazonas; Manacapuru, 487; Mato
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
Grosso; Diamantmo, 489; Para; Santarem, 490.
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.;.L, antenna. M - ~:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hmd femur (see Fig.
1). Sx, sex. #, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. BRASIL: Mato Grosso;
!able Sb. Phaeoparia lineaalba lineaalba (Linne), specimens from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, measurements
Diamantino, 455, 464; Mato Grosso; Barra do Bugres, 456, 465; Goias; 60 km W of Mineiros, 457; Mato
m tenths of a mm.
Grosso; Chapada dos Guimaraes, 458, 472; Para; Santarem, 460, 462, 467; Pernambuco; Bonito, 466;
Espirito Santo; Corrego do Ita, 468; Bahia; Itamaraju, 461. COLOMBIA: Meta; La Macarena, 469.
VENEZUELA: Bolivar; Canaima, 463, 470; Amazonas; Puerto Ayacucho, 471.
Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
m 491 368 290 10 26 29 55 100 176 282 28 18 11 40 42 49 30
m 492 385 318 11 26 27 53 105 176 293 29 16 143 11 42 42 48 32
m 493 380 293 11 25 27 52 98 167 297 28 16 138 10 40 39 45 32
Table 7. Rowellia costaricensis n.gen., n. sp. , measurements in tenths of a mm. m 494 386 310 11 26 27 53 101 182 296 30 17 155 10 45 43 44 35
K L M N 0 P Q m 495 380 300 10 27 26 53 96 178 295 27 16 11 40 40 45 35
Sx # A B C D E F G H J m 496 420 333 11 28 28 56 112 193 324 30
15 130 8 36 32 38 31 17 162 12 45 47 47 34
mt 510 355 337 10 35 22 57 115 150 241 31
m 497 356 274 10 25 25 50 94 160 276 26 15 125 11 39 40 42 30
m 498 362 318 10 27 26 53 98 170 280 29 15 140 11 40 40 40 33
fp 511 633 595 16 59 37 96 165 213 386 43 20 113 15 51 55 63 43
f 499 508 467 13 38 39 77 140 221 395 35 18 15 52 60 69 43
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
f 500 500 440 12 35 38 73 130 213 387 32 17 115 15 50 59 64 39
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.;.L, antenna. M - ~:
f 501 500 435 12 36 35 71 134 212 388 32 16 117 16 51 62 66 43
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hmd femur (see Fig.
f 502 494 405 12 35 35 70 132 218 380 33 17 120 15 49 56 61 38
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, para type. COSTA RICA: Heredia; Puerto
f 503 526 436 14 39 37 76 142 242 405 36 19 134 15 53 63 65 45
Viejo, 510, 511. f 504 471 383 13 36 35 71 121 221 367 35 18 125 15 52 59 60 39
f 505 508 405 13 36 36 72 131 230 393 34 18 16 53 62 66 44
f 506 525 439 14 37 38 75 139 235 406 34 17 121 15 50 59 67 45
Table Sa. Phaeoparia Iineaalba Iineaalba (Linne), specimens from Guyanas and Brazil, measurements in
tenths of a mm. A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
M N 0 p Q pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
Sx # A B c D E F G H I J K L
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
27 55 107 185 297 29 17 150 11 43 44 45 35
mp 473 392 292 10 28 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz de la Sierra; Prov. Sara, 491, 499,
52 106 180 290 29 16 10 43 44 45 34
474 385 288 10 27 25

~---~----~-5-0-1,-·S_a_n_t_a_C_r_u_z_d_e_l_a_S_ie-r-ra_;_R_io--Ja_p_a_c_a_n_i,_4_9_2,_5_0_0_._P_E_R_U_:_M_a_d_r_e_d_e_D_i_·o_s-;P_a_k_i-tz_a_,_4_93_,_4_9-4;_L_o_r_e-to_;_R_i_o ,..~J
mp 34
26 55 103 180 298 29 16 145 11 42 43 45
mp 475 384 282 11 29
________
 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI
-
136
CARLOS S. CARBONELL
137
Ucayali, Tamshiyacu, 495, 504; Loreto; Rio Ucayali, Genaro Herrera, 496; Loreto; confl. rivers Zumun and
m 519 357 297 11 31 23 54 105 165 255 25
Yahuasyacu, 479, 502, 503, 504. ECUADOR: Napo-Pastaza; near Tena, 498; Napo-Pastaza; 10 km S of 14 127 10 39 43 42 31
m 520 316 273 12 30 24 54 101 163 229 27
Ongota, 506. 14 131 11 38 37 41 33
m 521 364 287 11 29 25 54 100 165 269 26 14 10 39 41 41 32
m 522 386 308 12 31 24 55 108 180 293 28 15 11 40 43 45 33
m 523 376 295 12 30 23 53 105 185 275 26
Table 9. Phaeoparia lineaalba deceptrix n. ssp. , measurements in tenths of a mm. 14 142 11 40 41 45 32
f 524 442 369 13 38 26
Sx # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N 0 P Q 64 129 215 331 28 14 110 13 46 60 56 38
f 525 405 378 16 44 28
mp 385 370 275 7 27 23 50 99 162 280 29 16 124 11 39 42 41 30 72 132 206 281 30 14 12 42 51 54 38
f 526 452 377 13 37 26
mt 386 403 302 9 28 24 52 103 177 302 29 16 11 45 45 45 33 63 128 206 330 29 15 15 45 57 55 40
f 527 392 398 14 42 30 72 133 213 271 32 15 116 12 45 54 56 41
f 528 433 414 13 45 33
fp 387 485 404 11 36 33 69 135 215 373 33 17 126 14 53 63 62 40 78 149 221 305 32 16 110 13 42 57 57 43
f 529 387 366 15 44 32
fp 388 489 374 11 35 33 68 130 235 369 35 18 14 54 64 64 41 76 137 215 275 32 15 114 12 44 52 56 41
fp 389 500 373 11 37 32 69 130 210 389 33 18 120 15 51 61 57 41
fp 390 501 406 11 36 34 70 134 229 386 34 19 15 51 61 59 40 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, pr~z~na; E, metazona; F'. widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.,_L, antenna. M - ~­ 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. COLOMBIA:Amazonas; Rio Igara Parana, 515, 517,
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, h1~d femur (see Fig. 523, 524; Putumayo: betw. Paujil and El Orito, 516. ECUADOR: locality unknown, 519, 525; Morona-
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. BRASIL: Amazonas; Santo Antomo do lea, 385-390. Santiago; Cordillera Cutucu, 520, 528, 529. PERU: Loreto; Rio Yubineto, 516, 526; San Martin; Achinamiza,
522; Loreto; Yurimaguas, 521.

Table 10. Phaeoparia lineaalba deludens n. ssp., measurements in tenths of a mm.

Table 12. Phaeoparia tingomariae n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm.
Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
mp 373 369 275 10 28 26 54 106 180 284 29 18 142 11 46 44 46 36
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
mt 564 321 272 8 24 27 51 98 164 223 30
mp 374 367 278 9 27 25 52 98 175 276 29 18 138 10 42 42 42 33 16 136 10 41 40 40 33
mp 565 311 266 8 29 22 51 95 169 228 29
mp 375 362 276 9 26 24 50 100 174 278 29 17 11 43 43 44 32 15 10 41 48 39 32
mp 566 331 265 8 29 25 54 102 167 246 31
mt 376 367 283 10 27 24 51 101 173 274 29 17 127 11 42 43 41 33 17 131 10 44 40 40 33
mp 377 368 306 10 28 24 52 98 176 281 29 17 145 11 44 43 44 33
fp 603 515 420 13 37 37 74 138 229 398 33
mp 378 384 292 9 27 25 52 102 171 289 26 16 135 11 41 44 42 33 17 115 16 50 56 65 39

fp 379 460 441 11 35 30 65 128 209 343 33 18 117 14 51 59 58 40 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
fp 380 458 405 11 33 33 66 127 215 345 31 18 113 14 50 60 56 40 pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
fp 381 400 489 12 36 34 70 138 224 365 36 19 132 17 55 62 59 42 widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
fp 382 458 416 12 33 32 65 125 209 350 33 18 114 15 51 61 59 40 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t,holotype. p, para type. PERU: Huanuco; Tingo Maria,
fp 383 488 389 12 33 33 66 136 224 366 34 19 15 54 62 58 40 Las Delicias, 564; Huanuco; Tingo Maria, Chinchavito, 565; Huanuco; Tingo Maria, Cayumba, Las
Palmas, 566; Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 603.
fp 384 444 362 12 33 32 65 122 202 336 31 17 15 50 58 54 40

A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, pr~zona; E, metazona; F'.
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.; _L, antenna. M - Q.
Table 13. Phaeoparia rondoni n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm.
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hmd femur (~.ee F~~-
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number.m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, para type. BRASIL: Amazonas; Juta1 ,
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
mt585 313 259 10 23 19 42 85 147 231
BR 319, km 362, 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 380, 381, 382; Amazonas; Rio Preto do Igapo Acu, BR 319 km 384, 22 14 135 6 35 32 35 26
377,383,384
fp?586 475 396 12 34 28 62 120213 368 32 17 112 13 47 51 55 34

Table 11. Phaeoparia aequatorialis (Giglio Tos), measurements in tenths of a mm. A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 p widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
Q
m 515 343 285 10 28 23 51 101 163 235 25 14 130 10 38 41 42 30 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. BRASIL, Rondonia, Vilhena,
m 516 358 272 11 30 22 52 100 162 267 26 15 143 10 37 40 40 33 585. BRASIL, Para, Serra dos Carajas. 586. No hay seguridad alguna de que estos dos ejemplares sean
m 517 349 258 11 28 22 50 97 162 266 26 13 121 9 37 39 40 30 coespecificos. Las respectivas localidades de colecta estan separadas por una distancia de aprox 1500 km.
m 518 332 255 11 25 21 46 95 160 250 25 14 11 38 40 40 28
---------------------------~-

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL

138 139
Table 17. Phaeoparia carrascoi n . sp ., m easurements m
. tenths of a mm.
Table 14. Phaeoparia depressicornis (Bruner) , measurements in tenths of a mm.
p Sx # A B C D E F G
1~3 J
K L M N 0 Q K L M N 0 p Q
Sx # A B C D E
F G H I J 50 42 mt 231 87 157 5 20 11 30 60 22 14 90 6 32
16 195 10 43 46 29 29 22
68 130 227 276 29 32 mp 232 85 155 5 21 11 32 61 98 27
m 507 390 350 14 42 26 15 8 39 40 44 20 13 90 6 31 29 29 22
59 109 190 238 28 mp 233 96 158 5 22 11 33 66 105 27
m 508 340 293 12 35 24 21 14 93 6 32 29 30 21
mp 234 92 154 5 20 10 30 65 27
~~ ~i
12 49 60 65 45 14 92 6 33 28 29 22
509 440 418 16 51 33 84 149 253 305 35 17 mp 235 85 157 5 20 10 30 59 1g: 13 87 6 31 27 28 22
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F, fp 236 112 201 8 28 14 42 80 124 36 25 15 75 9 37 38 43 28
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q: fp 237 116 240 8 25 13 38 79 115 39 24 14 10 38 40 40 27
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig. fp 238 112 232 7 27 15 42 77 122 37 24 14 10 38 40 41 28
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. PANAMA: Porto Bello, 507. COSTA RICA: Limon;
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abd . . .
Estrella Valley, 508, 509.
p~~~~tu7; G, .head+ pronotum; H, hind femur· I tegm~;~n, C, fashgrnm; D, prozona; E, metazona· F
~i S so: M, mt~rocular;
N, head at eyes; 0, at g h~ad
, .';ye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M -'Q;
~guascalientes, ~~~otrft2p3,7paratype. Machupicch~·
Table 15. Phaeoparia phrygana Jago, measurements in tenths of a mm. . x, sex.#, specimen number. m male f fem enae, , pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fi
231, 236; Cusco; Machu.picchual;3i PERU: Cusco;
K L M N 0 P Q anyon, 235. ' ' ' ' , 238; Cusco·' Machupicchu , Torrentoy'
Sx # A B C D E F G H I J 24
12 110 6 29 31 33
30 11 41 89 140 25 22
m 223 111 235 8 13 7 31 34 32 25
30 12 42 89 139 24 23
m 224 110 243 8 12 118 6 30 32 33 26
29 11 40 80 144 25 21 Table 18. Phaeoparia rnegacephala (Brunner v . Watt)
m 225 104 229 8 12 6 29 33 33 25 . 'measurements in tenths of a mm.
30 11 41 85 138 23 21
m 226 107 234 7 13 122 6 31 32 33 25
31 12 43 83 143 27 21 Sx # A B C D E F
m 227 110 234 7
82 20 22 12 105 7 30 32 31 J K L M N 0 p Q
m 228 100 231 7 30 10 40 m 239 107 198 6 25 10 35 ;1 H 23 14 110 5 33 30 29 2
m 240 105 198 6 25 10 35 72 128 36 22 14
14 --- 11 40 50 52 35 100 5 32 29 29 25
15 62 119 191 34 27 m 241 105 222 6 26 10 36 72 123 35 24 15
f 229 149 361 11 47 14 74 10 38 48 48 33 111 5 35 30 30 26
15 55 105 168 30 25 m 242 109 196 5 26 9 35 74 126 34 24
f 230 130 319 10 40 15 101 5 34 29 29 25
m 243 101 186 5 27 9 36 70 120 35 23 14 116 5 32 29 30 25
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F, m 244 116 210 7 30 10 40 80 123 32 25 16 115 7 35 32 33 27
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q: m 245 98 18 2 5 24 136 38
9 22 13 99 5 30 26 27 21
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig. m 246 104 181 6 25 9 3343 6698 111 30
116 35 22 13 99 6 31 28 27 24
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. COSTA RICA:Puntarenas; S. Vito Jaba, Las Cruces,
223, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230. PANAMA: Chiriqui, 224. f 247 150 287 9 39 14 53 99 161 53 29 16 86 11
f 248 156 309 9 42 14 56 107 173 50 29 44 46 45 34
16 85 12
f 249 170 323 9 43 15 58 112 179 43 49 48 36
60 117 182 57 31 17 85 12 46 52 49 38
Table 16. Phaeoparia arnblyceps (Hebard), measurements in tenths of a mm. f 250 164 304 9 46 14 51 96 48 32 18 94 13 47 51 54 38
p Q f 251 135 266 9 37 14
K L M N 0 59 116 153 42 27 15 85 11 40 41 44 33
Sx # A B C D E F G H I J 32 25 f 252 173 318 9 44 15 180 57 31 17 100 11 46 50 48 38
68 114 37 23 15 105 5 35 29
m 322 105 191 4 23 10 33 36 27
71 131 40 24 17 6 39 33
24 11 35 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdom . . .
m 323 112 208 4
20 10 30 62 114 35 22 15 111 5 34 28 29 26
23
p~onotum; G, head+ pronotum· H hind femur· I t en, C, fashgrnm; D, prozona; E, metazona· F
m 324 96 170 5 14 109 5 33 29 30 width so f : M , mterocular;
· ' at
N, head ' eyes· 0 h , d, egmen·
t ' J, e ye, max., K , eye, min.; L, antenna. M -' Q·'
9 31 62 109 36 21
m 590 98 185 5 22 29 24 f
Re~ife, D~is ;r::~~ B~ASIL:
62 112 31 21 14 109 5 33 29 1). Sx, sex. #, specimen number. m male ,f eal a genae; P, p:onotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fi .
m 591 92 165 4 21 9 30
chromatic form); Pernambuco; Bahia; Simoes Filho, 239, 240, 241, ("typicay,;
36 16 52 105 173 42 30 20 12 51 50 53 40
Car~aru, 245, 251; Pernambuco; Caruaru, Bre·o dos' 2, 243, 247, 248, 252; Pernambuco; 15 km SW of
f 325 144 288 7 10 45 41 45 35 Paraiba; Joao Pessoa, IBDF Park 250 (" d J . " Cavalos, 246; Alagoas; 53 km N of Maceio 244 249·
28 14 42 87 143 42 27 16 81 ' nor estma chromatic form). ' , ,
f 326 128 257 6 14 53 57 55
37 16 53 107 49 33 21
f 327 150 283 7
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. COLOMBIA:Meta;Villavicencio,322,324,326;Meta;
Vista Hermosa, 323, 325; Meta; Los Micos, 327. VENEZUELA, Tachira, San Cristobal, 591; Barinas, San
Isidro, 590.
 CARLOS S. CARBONELL 141
140 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI

1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. p.ann paratype of P. annulicornis. t.mac, holot e of
Table 19. Phaeoparia bicolor (Hebard), measurements in tenths of a mm.
P. ma~ulzpi:n~zs. nm, no mea~urements taken. COLOMBIA: [Antioquia]; Remedios, paratyp/~f P.
N 0 P Q annulzcornz~. Nueva Granada [=COL?MBIA]; type of P. maculipennis. COLOMBIA: Bogota, 391, 3 92 ;
Sx # A B C D E F G H I J K L M
8 33 30 28 26 Magdalena, Aracataca, 393, 397; Cundmamarca; betw. Pacho and Las Palmas 394· Cordoba· A 1
m 352 109 195 6 26 14 40 77 126 38 22 14 84 Cano Seco, 395, 396. ' ' ' yape '

353 163 300 10 37 23 60 108 171 64 28 15 87 11 42 45 48 34

Table 22. Maculiparia rotundata rotundata (Stal), measurements in tenths of a mm.
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
mt nm 230 nm 29 18 47 nm 140 120 25 18 119 8 nm nm nm nm
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca; Tequendama waterfalls,
m 398 209 232 7 29 17 46 87 158 129 28 18 7 40 37 37 36
352, 353. m 399 211 257 6 29 17 46 87 158 135 26 17 142 7 39 35 39 33
m 400 180 202 6 27 15 42 78 134 109 25 15 6 35 32 33 30
m 401 189 225 7 27 17 44 81 142 113 27 16 119 7 37 33 35 30
Table 20. Phaeoparia monnei n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm. m 402 212 236 6 28 18 46 85 149 131 27 16 6 38 35 36 33

Sx # A B C D E F G H J KL MN 0 P Q
f 403 300 358 9 43 26 69 124 212 188 34 20 99 12 50 55 58 46
mt 253 110 190 6 26 11 37 72 124 37 23 18 115 7 37 33 34 26
f 404 301 322 9 41 25 66 120 202 194 34 20 107 12 51 58 56 47
mp 254 97 177 7 23 10 33 65 111 31 19 15 96 7 33 29 32 25
f 405 266 329 8 40 24 64 111 185 164 33 17 11 47 53 53 43
mp 255 100 180 6 25 10 35 71 121 30 22 15 108 7 35 31 34 26
mp 256 100 174 5 23 10 33 68 117 33 20 14 107 6 34 31 31 24
14 101 6 34 29 32 24 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona· F
mp
mp
257 95
258 103
170
160
6
6
22
25
11
10
33
35
66
71
114
121
30
33
20
22 15 105 7 34 32 34 25 pr_onotum; G, _head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M _' Q;
widths of: M, mt~rocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
17 88 12 43 48 48 33 1). ~~, s~x. #,specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. nm, measurements not taken. PANAMA:
fp 259 129 234 8 33 16 49 93 151 40 25
16 11 41 45 45 32 Chmqm, holotype, Canal Zone; Barro Colorado Island, 398, 399, 403, 404; Canal Zone; Cerro Azul, 400,
fp 260 125 235 8 33 14 47 89 141 35 24
401, 405; Canal Zone; 3.5 mi W of Gamboa, 402.
fp 261 131 250 7 33 15 48 95 148 40 25 17 84 11 42 44 44 32
fp 262 132 251 7 32 15 47 95 147 38 25 17 84 12 43 47 46 33
fp 263 125 237 8 31 14 45 90 144 36 26 17 87 12 43 45 46 33
Table 23. Maculiparia rotundata carrikeri (Hebard), measurements in tenths of a mm.
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
m 406 289 243 6 31 20 51 90 149 200 28 16 6 38 37 36 30
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
m 407 280 253 7 33 19 52 94 161 197 26 15 110 7 38 35 38 32
1). Sx, sex. #, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. BRASIL: Mato Grosso;
m 408 275 243 5 30 18 48 87 150 196 25 15 118 6 36 32 35 30
Chapada dos Guimaraes, 253 to 263. m 409 286 250 6 32 18 50 92 158 200 26 16 129 7 38 35 37 33
m 410 260 245 6 29 17 46 87 148 180 26 15 105 7 36 32 36 32
m 411 233 217 5 27 16 43 86 143 166 24 15 112 6 34 30 34 29
Table 21. Maculiparia annulicornis (Stal), measurements in tenths of a mm. m 412 260 238 6 29 19 48 88 160 180 25 14 114 6 35 33 35 34
p Q m 413 210 209 5 25 14 39 74 127 141 25 14 104 6 33 29 28 27
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0
m 414 228 228 6 28 18 46 85 142 150 25 15 6 34 33 33 30
391 266 246 5 27 19 46 86 137 180 25 16 7 37 36 36 30
m m 424 231 219 6 28 18 46 83 141 157 24 13 102 6 32 29 33 28
392 275 259 6 26 20 46 85 143 203 29 18 7 41 36 38 32
m
393 300 262 6 28 23 51 90 159 223 27 18 114 7 41 39 44 34
m f 415 361 361 7 46 26 72 125 214 246 32 18 11 49 50 54 44
394 251 216 6 26 19 45 81 143 183 27 17 105 7 39 35 39 29
m f 416 367 329 7 48 26 74 124 210 256 33 17 11 48 51 59 42
395 276 268 6 28 20 48 89 143 198 27 17 7 40 38 39 33
m f 417 381 367 8 47 27 74 130 217 260 34 18 11 49 55 59 44
f 418 355 344 8 39 24 63 116 205 247 32 17 95 11 45 49 50 40
p.ann 350 310 nm 37 26 63 nm 190 263 32 28 11 48 nm 52 nm
f f 419 368 359 8 44 28 72 116 209 256 33 17 102 11 48 55 55 45
t.mac 380 355 nm 42 29 71 nm 200 265 32 20 12 52 nm 57 nm
f f 420 331 326 9 41 26 67 116 197 225 31 16 81 11 44 48 53 40
396 396 363 7 37 28 65 119 217 287 33 20 11 51 55 52 42
f f 421 322 350 8 42 26 68 121 203 215 31 16 95 11 45 50 53 39
397 421 380 9 40 32 72 125 213 307 34 19 101 12 52 58 65 45
f f 422 301 336 8 41 26 67 111 203 193 31 16 98 11 44 49 50 39
f 423 336 345 8 45 28 73 125 225 221 31 16 104 10 45 51 57 42
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L,antenna. M - Q: A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, ~etazona; F,
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig. pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:

j
........
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THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 143

142

widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; O, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur \see Fig.
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. COLOMBIA: El Valle; Rd_. Buenaventura-C.:h km 50,
406, 407, 415; El Valle; Anchicaya, 408, 409, 416; Narifi.o; Cartagena to R1caurte, 410; _N~rmo; betw.
Espriella Tumac and IFA Experiment Station, 411, 418; Narifi.o; betw. Guayacana and El D~v1so, 417, 419:
ECUADOR: Pichincha; Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 412, 419; Guayas; Bucay, 413, Tu_ngurahua,
Ambato, 414, 422; Pichincha; betw. Quito and Santo Domingo, 421; Pichincha; old Santo Dommgo Road,
W slope of Andes, 423, 424.
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. iPERUi, holotype. PERU: Putumayo Distr.;
La Chorrera to La Sombra, 303; Loreto; Iquitos, 307, 312; Loreto; 11 km SW of Iquitos, 311; Loreto; Rio
Yubineto, 308, 310; Loreto; Iquitos-Nauta, 306, 309, 313. COLOMBIA: Amazonas; Rio Igara Parana,
downstream from La Chorrera, 304, 305, 314, 315.
Table 26. Maculiparia obtusa solimoensis n. sp. , measurements in tenths of a mm.

Table 24. Maculiparia curtipennis (Scudder), measurements in tenths of a mm. Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q

mt 264 116 205 5 29 12 41 81 137 35 25 15 134 9 40 39 33 29
K L M N 0 p Q mp 265 120 246 5 27 13 40 82 151 42 26 16 130 9 42 38 34 30
Sx # A B C D E F G H J
33 16 49 89 44 29 16 122 10 44 39 38 mp 266 113 212 4 27 13 40 79 145 37 25 15 123 9 40 38 33 29
m 316 130 256 4
29 17 46 80 159 50 24 15 112 9 42 36 36 33 mp 267 115 218 3 26 13 39 76 145 42 24 14 128 9 39 36 32 29
m 317 125 241 5
33 16 49 89 159 49 27 16 10 44 38 38 35 mp 268 102 168 4 20 11 31 64 121 43 23 14 7 36 31 28 27
m 318 133 245 4
30 15 45 80 155 45 27 17 9 43 35 35 32 mp 269 105 196 4 24 11 35 71 137 37 24 14 116 8 36 34 31 28
m 319 121 221 5
34 18 52 93 166 47 26 16 117 11 45 40 40 34
m 574 135 242 6
29 15 44 75 141 44 26 16 108 9 41 35 36 31 fp 270 174 363 6 41 20 61 117 199 64 32 18 99 15 54 57 50 40
m 575 115 201 5 31
31 16 47 82 145 45 25 15 110 10 41 35 36 fp 271 180 302 5 40 19 59 116 200 69 31 19 101 17 55 59 51 40
m 576 120 213 4
45 24 69 121 214 70 33 18 17 58 60 56 43 fp 272 175 357 5 38 18 56 110 199 61 31 18 111 15 54 57 49 42
f 320 182 363 8 46
50 21 71 122 215 68 35 21 19 62 61 61 fp 273 152 303 6 37 17 54 103 180 57 31 18 95 14 51 54 46 39
f 321 188 376 7
54 28 82 133 230 68 33 19 107 20 62 64 65 48 fp 274 149 252 6 33 17 50 99 165 55 28 17 13 50 50 45 39
f 577 192 386 8
44 24 68 115 198 63 32 18 90 18 56 57 61 44 fp 275 166 312 5 37 18 55 110 197 64 29 18 103 15 53 56 49 42
f 578 170 401 8
52 25 77 139 220 74 35 20 112 20 62 64 64 46
f 579 205 382 8
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, pr~zona; E, metazona; F'. pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.;_L, antenna. M - ~­ widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hmd femur (see F1_g. 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. BRASIL: Amazonas, Tabatinga, 264, 265,
1). Sx, sex. #, specimen number. m, male. £, female. PERU: Loreto; Yurimaguas, 316, 321; Loreto; R10 266, 270, 271, 272, 273; Amazonas; Manaus-Itacoatiara, 268; Amazonas; Manaus, Taruma, 274. PERU:
Yubineto, 317, 319, 320. COLOMBIA: Putumayo; betw. Paujil and El Orito, 318. ECU.1~.DO~: Napo; btw. Loreto; Rio Ampiyacu, Estir6n, 267, 269, 275.
rivers Rumiyacu & Tiputini, 574, 577; Napo; Tena-Misahualli, 575, 576, 578; Napo; Rw Aquno, 579.

Table 27. Maculiparia emarginata (Stal) , measurements in tenths of a mm.

Table 25. Maculiparia obtusa obtusa (Stal) , measurements in tenths of a mm.
Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
K L M N 0 p Q m 212 102 192 4 26 11 37 70 123 36 23 15 112 6 35 30 35 30
Sx # A B C D E F G H J
14 42 69 146 46 22 18 11 41 34 32 33 m 213 95 178 4 24 10 34 65 110 32 22 14 100 5 33 29 31 26
mt 116 216 nm 28
12 35 71 129 47 23 16 105 9 38 33 29 29 m 214 105 184 5 25 11 36 71 115 34 23 16 106 6 35 32 33 29
m 203 115 205 5 23
11 32 67 125 40 22 14 113 8 35 33 29 28 m 215 105 195 4 27 11 38 71 122 39 24 16 117 6 36 32 35 29
m 304 105 187 5 21
10 33 69 128 45 23 15 8 38 33 29 27 m 216 103 188 4 27 11 38 71 116 31 25 15 112 6 36 31 34 29
m 305 111 199 5 23
12 38 77 148 43 24 16 116 9 40 37 35 30 m 217 101 178 4 25 11 36 68 117 36 23 16 113 6 35 31 33 27
m 306 115 208 5 26
12 39 75 143 43 24 16 112 9 40 35 33 31
m 307 115 207 4 27
12 36 74 132 45 23 15 112 8 38 35 29 29 ft 150 340 5 38 17 55 100 180 50 33 20 110 12 55 55 48 35
m 308 115 208 5 24
13 40 80 148 38 26 16 113 9 41 38 35 31 f 218 131 262 6 34 16 50 90 184 43 29 17 87 10 45 47 50 37
m 309 115 209 5 27
f 219 132 272 6 36 15 51 93 160 42 29 17 95 10 46 47 50 37
19 54 91 177 59 30 18 88 15 51 55 58 39 f 220 133 275 6 35 15 50 92 155 45 28 17 91 11 46 44 47 36
f 310 155 302 6 35
21 59 111 194 67 32 19 17 56 56 53 42 f 221 141 309 6 37 15 52 97 157 50 31 19 95 12 48 47 49 39
f 311 172 322 6 38
20 58 108 187 62 30 19 90 17 54 54 49 40 f 222 136 301 5 35 17 52 93 164 43 29 17 94 10 45 46 49 35
f 312 160 310 6 38
20 60 115 206 63 34 19 101 16 58 61 55 42
f 313 173 340 6 40
17 51 98 166 66 27 17 86 14 49 51 45 39 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
f 314 158 291 6 34
16 47 96 163 65 27 17 71 15 48 48 44 35 pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
f 315 153 280 6 31
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind.femur (see Fig.
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, pr~zona; E, metazona; F'. 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. VENEZUELA: Carabobo; Trincheras, 212,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.; L, antenna. M - Q. 213, 218, 219; Carabobo; San Esteban, 214, 220; Carabobo; Puerto Cabello, female holotype; Aragua;
Choroni, 215, 221; Aragua; Tiara, 222; Distrito Federal; Naiguata, Los Canales, 216; Monagas; Caripe, 217.
.............. ---------------------~~~

THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI CARLOS S. CARBONELL 145

144

Table 28. Maculiparia cerdai n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm. fp 297 170 345 7 45 18 63 117 216 55 37 22 18 63 65 57 45
fp 298 152 311 7 42 16 58 106 198 49 29 19 92 18 56 58 51 40
K L M N 0 p Q fp 299 153 319
Sx # A B c D E F G H I J
34 32 27
7 43 17 60 108 205 46 30 19 92 17 57 57 50 40
5 24 12 36 73 131 37 25 16 107 7 37 fp 300 166 308 7 45 18 63 113 211 55 35 21 113 17 61 61 55 43
mt 512 109 199
fp 301 146 309 7 41 17 58 107 203 41 33 20 102 16 59 60 53 43
80 13 42 47 46 34 fp 302 153 335 7 44 18 62 112 210 45 34 20 17
fp 513 132 278 6 33 14 47 93 147 38 21 18 60 62 54 42

A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, pr~zona; E, metazona; F'.
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.;.L, antenna. M - ~·
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; O, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hmd femur (see Fig.
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, para type. VENEZUELA: Amazonas; San
Pedro de Cataniapo, 512; Amazonas; Duida National Park, Marahuaca, 513. As to the status of the female
as paratipe of this species, see corresponding text.
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pr.onotum; G, .head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, mte~ocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
1). Sx, sex. #, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. BRASIL: Rondonia; Ouro
Preto d'Oeste, 291, 292, 293. PERU: Loreto; Tamshiyacu, 294 to 302.

Table 32. Maculiparia immaculata (Bruner) , measurements in tenths of a mm.

Table 29. Maculiparia ariariensis n. sp. , measurements in tenths of a mm.
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
K L M N 0 p Q mp276 221 241 5
Sx # A B C D E F G H I J 31 17 48 85 156 148 28 16 7 41 37 37 32
12 38 77 122 38 23 16 100 8 36 34 33 29 mp 277 212 220 6 30 15 48 84 152 121 26 15 7 38 36 34 31
mt 569 111 199 4 26
13 40 77 129 39 24 16 7 37 34 36 30 mp 278 210 227 6 30 16 46 83 155 138 26 16 7 41 37 36 31
mp 570 111 209 4 27
13 41 82 135 35 25 17 102 7 39 35 36 29 m 279 216 225 6 31 16 47 86 155 141 27 16 6 38 37 35 31
mp 587 113 209 3 28
12 40 75 131 35 25 17 108 7 40 36 36 30 mp 284 203 212 5 29 15 44 81 147 127 27 15 6 39 33 34 30
mp 588 108 208 3 28

38 17 55 101 163 48 29 18 14 49 52 51 39 f 280 298 341 9 44 24 68 114 198 191 33 18 11 50 52 50 39

fp 571 142 285 6
36 16 52 102 168 51 29 18 92 13 50 50 51 40 f 281 317 349 7 41 24 65 124 205 186 34 20 12 52 52 40
fp 589 148 296 5
f 282 287 330 7 42 23 65 114 204 184 31 17 11 49 51 50 40
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F'. f 283 300 319 7 45 22 67 122 202 189 32 18 12 50 51 50 42
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.;.L, antenna. M - ~·
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hmd femur (see Fig. A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. COLOMBIA: Vaupes; Bocas pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
del Ariari, 569, 570, 571. widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. p, paratype. GUYANA: Demerara, 276, 277, 278, 284;
Rio Potaro; Tumatuman, 279; Kaieteur, 280, 281; Esequibo; Wineperu, 282. Esequibo, 283. Demerara, 284.
Table 30. Maculiparia terramar n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm.

D E F G H J K L M N 0 P Q Table 33. Maculiparia havilandae (Uvarov) , measurements in tenths of a mm.

Sx # A B C
24 12 36 72 133 40 24 15 106 9 37 33 33 29
mt 514 109 195 3
Sx # A B c D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F'. m 285 106 219 5 27 10 37 73 149 36 23 15 129 7 37 35 32 29
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, mm.;.L, antenna. M - ~· m 286 112 213 5 28 12 40 77 145 36 23 15 125 7 37 34 33 29
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hmd femur (see Fig_. m 287 110 212 5 28 11 39 76 147 35 24 15 121 7 37 34 33 28
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. VENEZUELA: Amazonas; Aracamum
f 288 145 304 6 40 15 55 98 187 51 29 17 90 13 48 49 47 38
Norte, 514.
f 289 137 325 6 36 14 50 95 180 47 26 16 95 11 46 47 45 36
f 290 150 325 6 40 15 55 99 193 51 29 17 88 12 48 49 49 40
Table 31. Maculiparia alejomesai n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
M N 0 p Q
Sx # A B C D E F G H I J K L pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
12 42 77 141 39 26 16 101 9 42 38 37 31 widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
mt 291 115 220 5 30
12 40 76 134 32 25 16 108 9 42 37 36 30 1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. GUYANA: Bartica, 285, 288. VENEZUELA: Bolivar;
mp 292 108 210 5 28
12 41 75 140 32 24 16 99 9 42 38 38 33 Itamaca Forest Reserve, 286, 287, 289; Bolivar; El Dorado, Santa Elena, 290.
mp 293 107 208 5 29
13 45 81 152 33 28 18 81 10 45 40 37 32
mp 294 113 222 5 32
12 42 80 146 37 27 17 80 10 45 40 36 32
mp 295 116 225 5 30
12 42 79 143 40 27 17 10 43 38 37 29
mp .296 119 238 5 30
_............... ----------------~~
- i

CARLOS S. CARBONELL
THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI 147
146
Table 37. Pseudaristia oxycodia Hebard ' measure men t s m
. tenths of a mm.
Table 34. Maculiparia huilensis n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm.
Q Sx # A B C D E F G H I
1~
K L M N 0 p M N 0 p Q
Sx # A B C D E F G H I J m 354 126 221 9 31 14 45 88 136 41 }5 L 8
77 122 65 22 14 96 8 32 31 33 28 35 32 33 29
mt 567 135 202 7 27 16 43 m 355 123 228 9 32 13 45 85 133 39
23 15 93 8 35 34 34 30 96 8 35 34 35 27
mp 568 145 223 7 28 17 45 82 125 65 m 356 115 212 9 31 13 44 84 136 33 25 14 95 8 34 33 34 28
m 357 120 215 9 31 14 45 85 135 33 24 13
~~ ~:
93 8 34 33 34 27
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F, m 358 119 210 9 30 14 44 83 135 40 94 8 34 32 32 28
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig. f 359 164 317 12 45 19 64 115 182 50 28 15 13 42 50 50 38
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. COLOMBIA: Huila; San f 360 166 324 11 44 19 63 117 175 52 28 15 91 13 41 49 51 36
Agustln, 567, 568. f 361 176 323 12 45 19 64 122 182 58 29 15 92 13 42 49 52 37
f 362 164 310 12 44 18 62 118 177 49 28 14 89 13 42 50 50 37
Table 35. Maculiparia guyanensis n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm. A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen· C f . . .
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum· H hi"nd f .I , , ashgmm, D, prozona; E, metazona· F
M N 0 P Q . , , emur, , tegmen· J K . ' '
DEF GH I J K L widths of: M, interocular· N head at .0 h d ' , eye, max., , eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
Sx # A B C 8 38 33 32 29 1) S . , , eyes, , ea at genae· p pronot . Q h. d
mt 592 102 210 2 26 10 36 74 132 30 26 15 . x, sex. #, specimen number. m male f f 1 COLO , ' um, max., ' m femur (see Fig.
Cali, 355 to 362. ' · ' ema e. MBIA: Cauca; Pescador, 354; El Valle; Mares to
13 50 53 51 38
fp 593 142 316 3 40 15 55 98 181 47 32 16

A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F, Table 38. Tepuiacris duida e n. gen., n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm.
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig. Sx # A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 p Q
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. t, holotype. p, paratype. FRENCH GUIANA, Oyapock, mp 363 120 225 7 30 13 43 83 120 40 25 14 80 10 36 36 37 27
Trois Sauts, 592, 593. mp 364 121 220 6 29 14 43 83 115 40 27 15 85 9 37 34 32 25
mp 365 124 241 7 31 14 45 89 125 40 28 15 84 10 39 36 37 28
mp 366 126 245 6 30 13 43 87 124 40 27 15 86 9 39 36 36 27
Table 36. Aristia mordax Stal, measurements in tenths of a mm. mt 367 122 235 7 31 14 45 88 123
!~
27 15 87 10 38 37 37 28
N 0 P Q mp 368 127 240 7 32 12 44 88 118 26 15 82 10 38 37 37 26
E F G H J K L M
Sx # A B C D
76 120 72 23 14 7 31 29 30 24
25 15 40
mp 545 142 210 7
26 15 41 77 122 78 24 14 85 7 32 29 31 25 :~ ;~~ ~~~ ;~~ ~ 46 19 65 122 172 63 33 18 80 16 49 52 52 35
m 342 155 207 8 31 29 30 24 fp 371 162 329 9 45 20 65 122 169 62 31 17 16 49 54 55 38
14 38 74 115 72 23 14 75 6
24
~:
m 343 145 194 7 32 31 31 25 20 59 109 148 62 29 16
14 42 83 117 69 24 14 90 7 fp 372 199 419 11 71 15 45 50 49 33
m 344 150 217 7 28 21 75 138 195 67 36 20 17 57 64 64 41
80 122 79 25 14 7 33 31 33 27
m 345 156 212 7 27 15 42
81 123 75 24 14 95 7 33 32 32 25
m 346 154 229 7 27 15 42 A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdom . . .
pronotum; G, head+ pronotum· H hind fe .I t en, C, fashgmm; D, prozona; E, metazona; F
15 12 42 48 49 35 'd h f , ' mur, ' egmen· J eye max K e . L ,
347 235 315 10 40 23 63 116 166 125 29 wi t so : M, interocular· N head at ey . 0 h d ' ' ' ., ' ye, min.; 'antenna. M - Q:
f 16 78 11 42 49 50 35 , ' es, , ea at genae· p pronotum Q h" d f
f 348 225 314 10 39 21 60 116 159 115 31
35 1) . Sx, sex.. #, specimen number · m , male · f, f ema 1e. t h o 1otype
' '
p p t
' max.; ' in emur (see Fig.
VENEZ
65 116 170 117 31 16 85 12 43 49 50 MountDmda 363 364 369 370 A D .d ' · ' ara ype. UELA: Amazonas·
f 349 229 330 11 40 25 46 48 34 , , , , . mazonas; m a National Park, Marabuaka, 365, 366, 367, 368, 371, 372.
60 109 160 124 28 15 83 11 39
f 350 225 309 9 38 22 47 50 35
58 113 159 116 29 16 82 11 42
f 351 223 319 10 37 21

A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F, Table 39. Stornophilacris seabrai Amedegnato & Desc amps, measurements m
. tenths of a mm.
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig. Sx # A B C D E F G H p
3~ J K L M N 0 Q
1). Sx, sex. #, specimen number. m, male. f, female. p, paratype. COLOMBIA: [without locality label, mp 331 113 210 11 30 11 41 84 132 25 17 94 12 40 36 37 29
Antioquia if same as holotype], 545; Antioquia; Rio Negro (Medellin), 342 to 351. mp 332 133 239 11 29 12 41 89 127 39 25 16 96 12 39 36 37 27
m 333 127 233 11 30 11 4l 94 136 36 27 17 95 12 40 36 36 30
m 334 131 223 13 30 12 42 94 140 41 27 16 116 12 39 35 35 28
m 335 120 213 14 29 12 41 90 144 31 27 17 112 12 39 37 40 29
m 336 132 230 12 30 12 42 80 138 43 25 16 112 12 40 38 37 30
148 THE GRASSHOPPER TRIBE PHAEOP ARIINI

fp 337 158 330 18 42 17 59 121 170 42 31 17 80 19 48 50 54 35

f 338 175 365 20 43 20 63 130 196 48 32 18 106 19 51 53 58 41
,.
f 339 180 347 20 43 21 64 134 184 52 31 18 95 19 50 55 58 42 ','

f 340 177 333 21 45 21 66 133 185 49 32 19 105 21 52 56 59 39

f 341 175 365 22 44 19 63 135 183 45 34 19 95 20 53 54 56 41
·,.:
.. ,. : ·' ~ ' ·.
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q: -~ ..
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female.-p, para type. BRASIL: Bahia; Barrolandia, 331, 332, 337:
Bahia; Itamaraju, 333, 334, 338, 339, 340, 341; Bahia; betw. Itamaraju and Prado, 335, 336.
;·,.·.
. ... ,.

Table 40. Stornophilacris poulaini n. sp., measurements in tenths of a mm.

.... ·
Sx
mt
# A B
580 118 204
c
7
D
29
E
11
F
40
G
83
H
121 37
J
24
K
17
L
85
M
10
N
37
0
32
p
32
Q
29
..
·" '.
. •.

7 28 10 38 76 125 36 24 16 83 10 35 31 31 29 ,... ,·. 'r/

mp 581 111 191
7 26 11 37 76 120 35 24 16 85 10 37 32 32 29
mp 582 109 200 '' ..1:.

fp 583 140 300 11 37 15 52 100 149 46 29 17 75 16 46 45 46 34

fp 584 150 298 12 41 16 57 114 162 41 29 17 78 16 47 49 51 37
,·
.,, ......
)
,'i
A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
. ,·,•
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. h, holotype. p, paratype. BRASIL: Bahia; Cruz das
Almas, 580, 581, 582: Bahia; Concei~ao do Almeida, 583, 584. ; , .. ·

.·r
'.,;.1-,
Table 41. Graciliparia shuara cutucu n. ssp. , measurements in tenths of a mm. •,'.'
-!-
. ,_-. :,""
N 0 p Q
-

Sx # A B c D E F G H I J K L M
,- ,
328 215 262 11 32 14 46 94 157 35 21 13 110 8 32 31 33 26
m .: ~ '

329 184 365 15 46 22 68 133 204 57 29 14 93 12 40 50 49 36

f ;,•.

16 47 23 70 135 205 50 28 14 13 40 50 50 37
f 330 180 412

A-L, lengths: A, frons to end tegmen: B, frons to end abdomen; C, fastigium; D, prozona; E, metazona; F,
pronotum; G, head + pronotum; H, hind femur; I, tegmen; J, eye, max., K, eye, min.; L, antenna. M - Q:
widths of: M, interocular; N, head at eyes; 0, head at genae; P, pronotum, max.; Q, hind femur (see Fig.
~ . '· ·.... ' ~'
1). Sx, sex.#, specimen number. m, male. f, female. ECUADOR: Marona-Santiago; Cutucu Ridge, W slope, ·, ·..

328, 329, 380.

. '·

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·.. _ . ·.
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..
· ;
, - ) ,.

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