Q.5.

Design a questionnaire to analyse the consumers’ perception towards online

shopping and the factors which influence them to go for online shopping.

i) Name
ii) Age
iii) Gender
iv) Income
 25000-30000
 30000-40000
 40000-45000
 45000+
a) Which platform do you use the most?
 Online
 Offline
b) How often do you do online shopping?
 Daily
 Rarely
 Sometimes
 Once in week
 Never
c) Where do you get most offers?
 Online
 Offline
d) What attracts you to buy online?
 Availability of products
 Comparison between two products of same kind
 Offers
 Time saver
e) How much online platform do you know?
 Flipkart
 Amazon
 Myntra
 Snapdeal
 Jabong
 Shoopers stop
 Big bazar
 Grofers
  Big basket
 All the abover
f) Which online platform do you use most?
 Flipkart
 Amazon
 Myntra
 Snapdeal
 Jabong
 Shoopers stop
 Big bazar
 Grofers
 Big basket
 Medlife
 Onemg
g) Which items do you prefer to buy online?
 Electronics
 Health Products
 Daily use products
 House groceries
 Medicine
h) Do you prefer to buy medicines online?
 Yes
 No
 May be
i) If yes what attracts you to buy them online?
 Cheap
 Discount
 Availability
 Time saving
j) What are the factors which influence you to buy things online?
 Price
 Offers
 Advertisement
 Availability
 Saving of time
 Less expensive

Q.6. For primary research we have to rely on sampling. What are the different sampling
techniques? Discuss them.
There are two types of sampling methods:

 Probability sampling involves random selection, allowing you to make statistical

inferences about the whole group.
 Non-probability sampling involves non-random selection based on convenience or
other criteria, allowing you to easily collect initial data.
Probability sampling means that every member of the population has a chance of being
selected. It is mainly used in quantitative research. If you want to produce results that are
representative of the whole population, you need to use a probability sampling technique.

There are four main types of probability sample.

 Simple random sampling

In a simple random sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of being
selected. Your sampling frame should include the whole population.

 Systematic sampling
Systematic sampling is similar to simple random sampling, but it is usually slightly easier to
conduct. Every member of the population is listed with a number, but instead of randomly
generating numbers, individuals are chosen at regular intervals.

  Stratified sampling
This sampling method is appropriate when the population has mixed characteristics, and you
want to ensure that every characteristic is proportionally represented in the sample.You
divide the population into subgroups (called strata) based on the relevant characteristic (e.g.
gender, age range, income bracket, job role).

 Cluster sampling
Cluster sampling also involves dividing the population into subgroups, but each subgroup
should have similar characteristics to the whole sample. Instead of sampling individuals from
each subgroup, you randomly select entire subgroups.

Non-probability sampling individuals are selected based on non-random criteria, and not
every individual has a chance of being included.

This type of sample is easier and cheaper to access, but it has a higher risk of sampling bias,
and you can’t use it to make valid statistical inferences about the whole population.

There are two types of sampling methods:

• Probability sampling involves random selection, allowing you to make statistical
inferences about the whole group.
• Non-probability sampling involves non-random selection based on convenience or
other criteria, allowing you to easily collect initial data.

Probability sampling means that every member of the population has a chance of being
selected. It is mainly used in quantitative research. If you want to produce results that are
representative of the whole population, you need to use a probability sampling technique.
There are four main types of probability sample.
• Simple random sampling
In a simple random sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of being
selected. Your sampling frame should include the whole population.
• Systematic sampling
Systematic sampling is similar to simple random sampling, but it is usually slightly easier to
conduct. Every member of the population is listed with a number, but instead of randomly
generating numbers, individuals are chosen at regular intervals.
• Stratified sampling
This sampling method is appropriate when the population has mixed characteristics, and you
want to ensure that every characteristic is proportionally represented in the sample.You
divide the population into subgroups (called strata) based on the relevant characteristic (e.g.
gender, age range, income bracket, job role).
• Cluster sampling
Cluster sampling also involves dividing the population into subgroups, but each subgroup
should have similar characteristics to the whole sample. Instead of sampling individuals from
each subgroup, you randomly select entire subgroups.
Non-probability sampling individuals are selected based on non-random criteria, and not
every individual has a chance of being included. This type of sample is easier and cheaper to
access, but it has a higher risk of sampling bias, and you can’t use it to make valid statistical
inferences about the whole population. There are 4 types of Non- Probablity sampling

 Convenience sampling: A convenience sample simply includes the individuals who

happen to be most accessible to the researcher.

 Voluntary response sampling: Similar to a convenience sample, a voluntary

response sample is mainly based on ease of access. Instead of the researcher choosing
participants and directly contacting them, people volunteer themselves (e.g. by
responding to a public online survey)

 Purposive sampling: This type of sampling involves the researcher using their
judgement to select a sample that is most useful to the purposes of the research.

 Snowball sampling: If the population is hard to access, snowball sampling can be

used to recruit participants via other participants. The number of people you have
access to “snowballs” as you get in contact with more people.

Q.4. Differentiate between primary and secondary data collection methods.

Secondary data are those data which are already collected by someone else and
published we just take it down from there
 Like Journals
 Newspaper
 Research paper
 Wikipedia
 Some sites
Primary data are the real time data which no one have collected and interpreted on it
 Like creating Questionnaire
 Taking an Interview
Q.1. There is a saying that the common facts of today are the products of yesterday’s
research. Explain the term research and discuss the various types of research
Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed
phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods.
Research is conducted with a purpose to understand:

 What do organizations or businesses really want to find out?

 What are the processes that need to be followed to chase the idea?
 What are the arguments that need to be built around a concept?
 What is the evidence that will be required for people to believe in the idea or concept?

Some characteristics of research are: -

 Research is based on logical reasoning and involves both inductive and deductive
methods.
 The data or knowledge that is derived is in real time from actual observations in
natural settings.
 There is an in-depth analysis of all data collected so that there are no anomalies
associated with it.
 Research creates a path for generating new questions. Existing data helps create more
opportunities for research.
 Research is analytical in nature. It makes use of all the available data so that there is
no ambiguity in inference

Types of Research
 Basic research: A basic research definition is data collected to enhance knowledge. The
main motivation is knowledge expansion. It is a non-commercial research that doesn’t
facilitate in creating or inventing anything. For example: an experiment to determine a
simple fact.

 Applied research: Applied research focuses on analyzing and solving real-life

problems. This type refers to the study that helps solve practical problems using
scientific methods. Studies play an important role in solving issues that impact the
overall well-being of humans. For example: finding a specific cure for a disease.

 Problem oriented research: As the name suggests, problem-oriented research is

conducted to understand the exact nature of a problem to find out relevant solutions.
The term “problem” refers to multiple choices or issues when analyzing a situation
issues when analyzing a situation

 Problem solving research: This type of research is conducted by companies to understand

and resolve their own problems. The problem-solving method uses applied research to find
solutions to the existing problems.
 Qualitative research: Qualitative research is a process that is about inquiry. It helps
create in-depth understanding of problems or issues in their natural settings. This is a
non-statistical method. Problem solving research: This type of research is conducted
by companies to understand and resolve their own problems. The problem-solving
method uses applied research to find solutions to the existing problems.

 Quantitative research: Qualitative research is a structured way of collecting data

and analyzing it to draw conclusions. Unlike qualitative methods, this method uses a
computational and statistical process to collect and analyse data. Quantitative data is
all about numbers. Quantitative research: Qualitative research is a structured way of
collecting data and analyzing it to draw conclusions. Unlike qualitative methods, this
method uses a computational and statistical process to collect and analyse data.
Quantitative data is all about numbers.