‫ مائل‬Time New Roman ‫ سم‬12 ‫عنوان الفصل يكتب هنا بحجم خط‬ 12 ‫يكون الترقيم بالعربي في األعلى – حجم

ألعلى – حجم الخط‬

Chapter Two: Theoretical Background 1

Chapter Two (18) –Times New Roman

(16) –
Times New
Roman- Introduction (18) –Times New Roman-Bold
Bold-‫مائل‬
2.1. General Introduction 14 -‫حجم الكتابة‬-Times New Roman

‫ترك مسافة كلمة‬ A coating may be defined as a near surface region, having properties
) ‫ سم‬1 (
different from the bulk material it is deposited on. Thus the material
system (coating and substrate) forms a composite, where one set of
properties is obtained the bulk substrate and another from the coating
itself. Coatings may be applied to the surface of materials in order to
protect the surface from the environment that may produce corrosion or
other deteriorative reactions and/or to improve the surface’s
appearance[1].
coatings are playing a significant role in today’s military and gas–turbine
‫االنتباه على المصادر‬
engines to extend the life or enhance the coating process having the
greatest range of coating materials, coating thicknesses and possible
coating characteristics is thermal spray this are show in fig (2-1) .
‫يكون توزيع الرسومات‬
‫بالطريقة المبينة وبحجم خط‬
Times ‫ سم‬14 ‫للتوضيح‬
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‫ مائل‬Time New Roman ‫ سم‬12 ‫عنوان الفصل يكتب هنا بحجم خط‬ 12 ‫يكون الترقيم بالعربي في األعلى – حجم الخط‬

Chapter Two: Theoretical Background 2

2-2 Thermal spray coating:
Thermal spraying is the generic name for a family of coating processes in
which a coating material is heated rapidly in a hot gaseous medium, and
simultaneously projected at high velocity onto a prepared substrate
surface where it builds up to produce the desired coating.
Thermal spray coatings are built up from individual particles that strike
the substrate. In the coating process powders of metals, alloys, polymers
or ceramics with particle size from 10 -100 pm are injected into a stream
of hot gas and accelerated towards the substrate. As the thermal and
kinetic energy of the flow is transferred to the particles, the particles
become fully or partially molten by the time they impact on the substrate
surface where they freeze and form a dense hard coating.[2]
A major goal of thermal spraying coating is to enhance coating
substrate adhesion, which is influenced by the physical properties of the
coating and substrate materials such as thermal conductivity and thermal
expansion.
‫ مائل‬Time New Roman ‫ سم‬12 ‫عنوان الفصل يكتب هنا بحجم خط‬ 12 ‫يكون الترقيم بالعربي في األعلى – حجم الخط‬

Chapter Two: Theoretical Background 3

Geometrical Approach

Any number of properties might be represented on such polygon,

including say, module of elasticity, hard nesses, thermal conductivities,
expansion coefficients, magnetic properties, corrosion rates for various
environments, etc. Generally these are all positive quantities. The
multidimensional problem may be reduced to only two dimensions as
‫تكون املعادالت خبط مستقيم مع‬
follows. A ”Mean Weighted Characteristic” (MWC) may be defined
‫الكتابة وبنفس املستوى جلميع‬
by[12]: ‫املعادالت‬