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They’re Adding To It
By Ashley Dean
October 30, 2019
From https://www.cpr.org/2019/10/30/teens-arent-breaking-language-theyre-adding-to-it/
Ok.
The OK, period, means you’re mad. The most neutral affirmative response
would be “ok” — and that’s it. There’s also “ok!” “okkkkkk” or “ok…”
When your social life relies on texting and social media, punctuation is
everything. Add in timing — the modern versions of rules like “wait three days
to call him” — and emoji, which do more work than you might think, and
you’ve got a whole new way of communicating.
And it’s not just a teen thing. While there’s some fear amongst older
generations that Generation Z isn’t really communicating, effective
communication via text is everyone’s problem — and teens might be better at
it.
Hall teaches a class called Language and Digital Media in which she and her
20 undergraduate students explore ways in which people communicate in
texts and online. And in that class, the period is a favorite topic.
No longer a mere signal for the end of a thought, the period carries emotional
weight.
Clarise, 15, said a period at the end of a text is a cause to “really read into
things.”
“When people punctuate texts — like my dad would be like, ‘OK,’ period. And
I'm like, ‘Oh my God,’ reading into it,” she said.
There’s also the period’s versatile cousin, the ellipsis. Deployed at the end of
a short sentence, it can be nerve-wracking or devastating. “Thanks…” your
teacher or boss might say when you’ve turned in work. “This is good…” he
might say later, unaware that his ellipsis habit is making people worry that
he’s always disappointed. “Ok…” he will say when you tell him that, correctly
using the ellipsis to indicate his skepticism or uncertainty.
Or maybe, sarcasm.
Wow super cool that my bus 10 minutes late it’s great I love it...
Just ~*love*~ when I remember a paper two hours before it’s due.
Pretty self-explanatory — and the closest the English language has come to
actually having some kind of punctuation to indicate sarcasm. It’s been
suggested before, but it hasn’t stuck.
One very early and notable attempt at a sarcasm punctuation mark — also
known as an irony mark —was by John Wilkins in 1668. The character he
suggested looked like an upside-down exclamation point. Hall tells his story in
her class.
There were a few other attempts at the irony mark over the centuries. One
was a backward question mark, another was the Greek letter ψ with a dot
below. Both were proposed by French writers — poet Marcel Bernhardt (aka
Alcanter de Brahm) in 1899 and author Hervé Bazin in 1966.
But in 2019, teens (and the rest of us) have a variety of ways to show
sarcasm. Students in Hall’s class use some of the more relatively subtle
techniques already mentioned, but they also have more overt methods.
“How people represent it online shifts over the generations,” Hall said. “The
main thing they do now — all 20 students in the class — is inspired by a
Spongebob meme, where you capitalize every other letter or you start with
small caps and then you capitalize.”
“They’re also using other things, too — using what a previous generation
might think of as an ellipsis, a dot dot dot,” Hall said. “Other people use, to
show sarcasm, an emoji that has the eyes rolling upwards, or maybe what
looks like an elongation pronunciation, with a repetition of the vowels.”
So, if you really wanted to be clear about your sarcasm, you might go with an
“okkkkkkkk… 🙄”
Emoji as gesture
Some of the visual cues we lose in digital conversation are, unsurprisingly,
easily replaced by those tiny, emotive pictures we call emoji.
Let’s go back to the example of “ok.” Here are a few ways you might use it in
a text:
Ok 👍🏼
Ok 😒
Ok 👏🏼
Ok 😘
Ok 🙃
In order, those indicate general agreement, irritated or sarcastic agreement,
enthusiastic agreement, cute or affectionate agreement and — this is
somewhat advanced — not-thrilled-but-smiling-through-it agreement.
This is how emoji act as gesture, as linguist Gretchen McCulloch puts it.
They’re replacing body language, though not always precisely replicating it.
Or
Or
Most importantly, they are almost never used to actually replace words, as
many people once feared. Emoji sentences are largely a fiction. There was
definitely a moment in which people were trying to make that a thing, but it
didn’t stick.
What sets these changes apart from past evolutions in language is the rate at
which they’re happening, and the fact that that rate is accelerating, thanks to
the number of people contributing — and to the global scale of the change.
“What’s so unique about what’s happening now is it’s broken down so the
whole mass of people are contributing to language change,” as opposed to
just scholars and prominent writers, Hall said. “It’s a participatory contribution.
It’s not from the top down as it was in the past.”
That means that now more than ever, teenagers are driving language change.
It also means that the way teens communicate is more visible to adults — it’s
not just in person and in texts, it’s all over the internet — and its prominence in
our culture creates more waves, more fear.
“I think even now what I see happening is it’s no longer the moral panic,” Hall
said. “It’s more about a fear that our kids aren’t learning literacy, they don’t
know how to use standard language and punctuate and spell. And a fear that
they’re socially backward, that they’re kind of hiding from social life.”
“I think on both accounts the literature really shows something a lot more
complex. Young people are writing now more than ever before,” Hall
continued. “They’re writing all the time. I think they have a really good sense
of what a text message is versus an email you send to you professor versus a
blog post you want to sound intelligent. They know how to code-switch
between formality and informality.”
“If I need to ask someone to cover my shift, it's not like, ‘Hey, yo, cover my
shift please?’” he said.
And with his parents and grandma, too, Jonah uses standard punctuation and
complete sentences — and definitely less slang. It comes naturally to him, as
it does to most teenagers.