NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ROURKELA

SOLAR DISTILLATION STILL

NAME- DHRUVA SINGH

GUIDED BY- Prof ABANTI SAHOO ROLL NO-116CH0127
INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Basic Concept
3. Classification
4. Types of Solar still
5. Advantage and Disadvantage
6. Component of single slope solar still
7. Material of solar still
8. Fabrication and Material
9. Parameters of solar still
10. Result and Analysis
11. Conclusion
12. Reference
INTRODUCTION
• 97% of the water in the world is in the ocean, approximately 2% of
the water in the world is at present stored as ice in polar region, and
1% is fresh water available in earth for the need of the plants, animals
and human life
• Process available for water purification
• Practiced in tropical and sub- tropical region
• System can be large or small
BASIC CONCEPT
 Solar Distillation

Passive Distillation Active

Distillation
Conventiona Multi-effect New Design Inclined High Temp Nocturnal
l Solar Still Solar Still Solar Still Solar Still Distillation Distillation

With With Auxiliary Distillation

Reflector Condenser heating with
distillation collector
panel

Life raft Spherical Tubular Regeneration

Classification of Solar Distillation Systems

ADVANATGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF SOLAR STILL

• Advantage
1. It produce water of high quality
2. Maintenance is almost negligible
3. The system will not involve any moving part and will not require electricity to operate
4. Minimum wastage of water

• Disadvantage
1. Low distillate output per unit area
2. Leakage of vapour through joints
3. Productivity decreases with time for a variety of reasons
4. Cost per unit output is very high
COMPONENTS OF SINGLE EFFECT SOLAR STILL
1. Basin
2. Black Liner
3. Transparent Cover
4. Condensate Channel
5. Sealant
6. Insulation
7. Supply and Delivery System
 MATERIALS FOR SOLAR STILLS
• GLAZING: Should have high transmittance for solar radiation, opaque to
thermal radiation, resistance to abrasion, longlife, low cost, high wettability
for water, lightweight, easy to handle and apply, and universal availability.
Materials used are: glass or treated plastic.
• LINER: Should absorb more solar radiation, should be durable, should be
water tight, easily cleanable, low cost, and should be able to withstand
temperature around 100 Deg C. Materials used are: asphalt matt, black butyl
rubber, black polyethylene etc.
• SEALANT: Should remain resilient at very low temperatures, low cost, durable
and easily applicable. Materials used are: putty, tars, tapes silicon, sealant.
• BASIN TRAY: Should have longlife, high resistance to corrosion and low cost.
Materials used are: wood, galvanized iron, steel, aluminium, asbestos cement,
masonary bricks, concrete, etc.
• CONDENSATE CHANNEL: Materials used are: aluminium, galvanized iron,
concrete, plastic material, etc.
FABRICATION AND MATERIAL
COMPONENT MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
BASIN ALLUMINIUM TRAY Length- 50 cm
Height- 10 cm
Base-30 cm
TOP COVER (TRANSPARENT) GLASS Length-58.3 cm
Thickness-3mm
RADIATION ABSORBER PAINT COLOUR= BLACK
SEALENT SILICONE TAPE
COLLECTING UNIT ALLUMINIUM TRAY Length-8 cm
Base-30 cm
SOLAR STILL OUTPUT DEPENDS ON MANY
PARAMETERS
1. SOLAR RADIATION
2. EFFECT OF WIND ENERGY
3. EFFECT OF WATER DEPTH
4. EFFECT OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE
5. EFFECT OF GAP DISTANCE
6. EFFECT OF NUMBERS OF COVER
7. SALANITY OF WATER
Energy transfer in a single effect basin
solar still
 RESULT & ANALYSIS

TIME VS BASIN TEMPERATURE (⁰C)

Septemer Basin Water Temperature (⁰C) October Basin Water Temperature (⁰C) November Basin Water Temperature (⁰C) December Basin Water Temperature (⁰C)

60

50

40
TEMPERATURE (⁰C)

30

20

10

0
12:00 AM 2:24 AM 4:48 AM 7:12 AM 9:36 AM 12:00 PM 2:24 PM 4:48 PM 7:12 PM
TIME
 RESULT & ANALYSIS
Water Distillate (ml)
120

100 104
97

80
WATER (ML)

60
62

52
40

20

0
200 minute 360 minute 366 minute 280 minute
September October November December
MONTH

Sample in basin is 1 liter of water

CONCLUSIONS ON BASIN- TYPE SOLAR STILL

1. The solar still output (distillate) is a strong function of solar radiation on

a horizontal surface. The distillate output increases linearly with the
solar insolation for a given ambient temperature. If the ambient
temperature increases or the wind velocity decreases, the heat loss
from solar still decreases resulting in higher distillation rate.
2. By doing this project we gain the knowledge about solar water
distillation process and its application.
3. This can further be implemented by number of actions, e.g. use of two
compartment with inclination on two sides so that the performance of
the still remain constant when the sun moves from east to west. Capital
cost can be reduced by various designs and new material for
construction.
References
• Alpesh Mehta, Arjun vyas Nitinbodar, Dharmesh Lathiya “Design of solar distillation system”,
International Journal of advanced science and technology vol.29, April 2011.
• J. D. Obayemi, F. O. Anafi, S. T. Azeko, E. K. Arthur and D. Yiporo “Design and Fabrication of a Single
Slope Solar Still with Variable Collector Angle” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014.
• Santos, A., Hernández, E., Ramírez, Z., Experimental Evaluation of a Single Slope Solar Still,
TECCIENCIA, Vol. 12 No. 22, 63-71, 2017
• Wasil Jamal, Prof. M. Altamush Siddiqui / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1659-1665