Jhamsikhel Apartment - Structural - Report

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT
ON
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
July 8, 2020
OWNER: MRS.KHUSI PATHAK

IMADOL, LALITPUR
PREPARED BY: ER. NIRMAL RUWALI

NEC No.14523 ’A’
Structural Analysis and Design Report
Contents
1. Background..................................................................................................................................3
2. Introduction..................................................................................................................................4
3. Description of the Project...........................................................................................................5
4. Relevant Codes Followed..........................................................................................................5
5. General Design Criteria..............................................................................................................6
5.1 Design loads........................................................................................................................6
5.1.1 Dead Loads:.................................................................................................................6
5.1.2 Live Loads:...................................................................................................................6
5.1.3 5.1.3 Lift load.................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1.4 Seismic Load:..............................................................................................................6
5.2 Load Combination...............................................................................................................9
5.3 Materials...............................................................................................................................9
6. Structural Analysis and Design Assumption..........................................................................10
6.1 Design Methods of Structural Elements.........................................................................11
6.2 Detailing of the Structural Elements...............................................................................11
7 Finite Element Analysis and Design (code Basic)................................................................11
7.1 Finite Element Analysis....................................................................................................11
7.2 Code Based Design general analysis summary...........................................................12
7.2.1 Auto Seismic Loading...............................................................................................22
7.2.2 Base Reaction...........................................................................................................25
7.2.3 Story Drift ratio...........................................................................................................25
8 Conclusion and Recommendation..............................................................................................26
9 Annexes..........................................................................................................................................26
Foundation Design........................................................................................................................28
Basement Wall Design.................................................................................................................31
Column Design..............................................................................................................................37
Beam Design.................................................................................................................................39
Slab Design...................................................................................................................................41
Staircase Slab Design..................................................................................................................44
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 SEISMIC HAZARD MAP OF INDIA.............................................................................................................7
FIGURE 2 SEISMIC HAZARD MAP OF NEPAL........................................................................................................7
FIGURE 3 IS 1893:2016 RESPONSE SPECTRUM................................................................................................8
FIGURE 4 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE BUILDING IN ETABS V17.0.1........................................................12
FIGURE 5 BEAM SECTION...................................................................................................................................16
FIGURE 6: BASEMENT WALL SECTION...............................................................................................................16
FIGURE 7 LIVE LOAD ON BUILDING.....................................................................................................................17
FIGURE 8 WALL LOAD........................................................................................................................................17
FIGURE 9 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM FOR COMBINATION UDCON2.....................................................................18
FIGURE 10 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR COMBINATION UDCON2............................................................18
FIGURE 11 AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM FOR COMBINATION UDCON2.....................................................................19
FIGURE 12 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT.....................................................................................................19
FIGURE 13 BEAM REINFORCEMENT...................................................................................................................22
FIGURE 14 STORY DRIFT RATIO (IS 1893 DBE LEVEL EARTHQUAKE)............................................................25
FIGURE 15: 3D MODEL OF MAT FOUNDATION ON SAFE 2016.................................................................28
FIGURE 16: SOIL PRESSURE DIAGRAM UNDER SERVICE LOAD..................................................................29
FIGURE 17:PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK..................................................................................................... 29
FIGURE 18: SETTLEMENT UNDER ULTIMATE LOAD...................................................................................30
FIGURE 19: REINFORCEMENT INTENSITY DIAGRAM OF MAT FOUNDATION.................................................30
FIGURE 20: LOAD ON BASEMENT WALL................................................................................................... 31
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1. Background
The principle aim of the structural design is to prepare necessary for construction of the
structure which should possess adequate strength and stability during the action of all
possible loads in its life span. The process consists of integration of consideration of design
regulations, local condition and the functional need. The behaviors of the structure in terms
of stresses and strength have to be determined closer to the reality when subjected to the
possible actions. The subject matter such as the properties and mechanics of the materials,
analytical methods, design techniques and production of the construction documents,
studied in isolation to address in an integral approach to arrive at the creation of the needful
structure.
Earthquakes are defined as earth's surface vibrations caused by waves originating from a
source of disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption, slipping
faults i.e. tectonic activities, big reservoirs, explosions etc.
The intensity of possible earthquake in the region is more prominent compare to that of wind.
The soil deposit in the region is soft & mainly consists of clayey layers resulting into a
substantial amplification of ground motion at the surface.
Thus, the seismic structural design of structures is found to be very essential for countries
tike Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract; the internal
forces induce due to the earth mass shaking in base of these structures. The design should
ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of
seismic safety.
The probable maximum earthquake occurrences are not so frequent; it would not be
economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they remain elastic and
damage-free. Thus, it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage
free structure but non-collapsible structure for minimum destruction in lives and properties.
The design should ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with
acceptable levels of seismic safety.
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2. Introduction
The structural design of Residential Building has been carried out using ETABS (Structural
Analysis and Design Software) by Limit State Method of design.
The Literature review consists of standard literatures like national building code of India (IS
code) and Nepal national building code (NBC), other standard books of RCC structures. The
dead load and live loads are taken as per the recommendations of NBC and IS code. The
seismic load i.e. base shear is calculated by static seismic coefficient method using the
procedures and guidelines provided by the IS code and NBC.
The 3-D modeling of the building if built and the analysis is carried out using ETABS
software. Design load combinations are given as per the IS code.
Design of the structural elements are done by limit state method with the application of
ETABS software following IS code and foundation design are done with the manually
following IS code. As the soil test report is not available, the ground condition of the site is
assumed to be very poor with the deposited material at the top and clay of low plasticity at
the bottom. The footing is designed.
The floor slab and beam combination has made the building stiffer which help in resisting the
distributed seismic load. The weak girder and strong column system have been adopted to
facilitate more stability against the lateral load.
The frames are designed for the total vertical load coming to individual column with ignoring
the stiffness of the infill wall but considering its load.
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3. Description of the Project
General Information
Building Type : Residential
Building Shape : Regular

Typical Floor Height : 3.048 m
Total number of stories: 3 story and Head Room.
Type of foundation : Varying (Mat Foundation + Isolated)
4. Relevant Codes Followed
1. NBC 105: 1994, Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal, Nepal National Building Code
2. NBC 201: 1994, Mandatory Rules of Thumb, Reinforced Concrete Buildings with
masonry infill, Nepal National Building Code
3. NBC 202: 1994, Mandatory Rules of Thumb, Load Bearing Masonry, Nepal National
Building Code
4. NBC 207; 2003, Electrical Design Requirements for public building, Nepal National
Building Code
5. IS:875 (Part 1) -1987, Code of practice for design loads in Building and structure-
Dead loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1989
6. IS:875 (Part 2) -1987 (Reaffirmed 1997), Code of practice for design loads in
building and structure-imposed loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1989
7. IS:875 (Part 3) -1987 (Reaffirmed 1997), Code of practice for design loads ( other
t han Ear thquake) in building and structure-Wind loads, Bureau of Indian
standards, New delhi,1989
8. IS:1893- (Part I)-2016, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure
Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1986
9. Design of reinforced concrete structure-IS 456-2000
10. IS13920: 2016, Ductility detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to
seismic forces- code of practice
11. IS:2950 (part I) -1981 (Reaffirmed 2008), Code of practice for Design and
Construction of Raft Foundation, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1981
5. General Design Criteria
5.1 Design loads
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Dead and live loads are calculated as per IS 875. Details of general loading used are as
follows:
5.1.1 Dead Loads:
Dead Load on the structure comprises of the self-weight of the member; weight of the
finishes and partition walls.
9” thick Brick Wall = 13.46 KN/m2
Floor finish = 1.25 KN/m2
Unit weight of materials:
Reinforced concrete = 25 KN/m2
Unit weight of Brick Masonry = 19.2 KN/m2
5.1.2 Live Loads:
In general,
Live load = 2 and 3 KN/m2 (IS Code 875)
5.1.3 Seismic Load:

The site location is on high seismic risk as per seismic hazard map of Nepal. Equivalently
it is on zone-V as per IS seismic hazard map. Both Linear static (seismic coefficient)
of analysis is performed to obtain the design seismic force and its distribution to
different levels along the height of the buildings and to the various lateral load-
resisting elements.
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Figure 1 Seismic hazard map of India
Figure 2 Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal
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Calculation of design Spectra and Lateral Force Coefficients
The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for a structure is determined by the following
expression (IS 1893:2016_Part 1):
Z I Sa
Ah =
2 R g
Where,
Z = Zone factor
I = Importance factor, depending upon the functional use of structure
R = Response reduction factor, depending on the perceived seismic damage performance

of the structure, characterized by ductile or brittle deformations.
Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient

The time period, seismic weight of building, calculation and distribution of base shear are
allowed to calculate by software itself.
Calculation of design horizontal seismic coefficient as per IS 1893:2016
Zone Factor, Z 0.36 Clause 6.4.2, Table 3

Importance Factor, I 1 Clause 7.2.3, Table 8
Response Reduction Facto, R 5 Clause 7.2.6, Table 9
Height of Structure, H (m)
12.192m
Time period of structure (Along X) 0.4 sec Clause 7.6.2

Time period of structure (Along Y) 0.34 sec Clause 7.6.2
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient (Ah) 0.09 Clause 6.4.2
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Code Basic Response spectr um

IS 1893-DBE
0.5
0.4
0.3
Sa/g
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time Period, Sec.
Figure 3 IS 1893:2016 Response Spectrum
Calculation of Seismic Base shear

The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear (Vb) along any principal
direction shall be determined by the following expression:
V b=¿ A W ¿h
Where, Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value

W = Seismic weight of building
Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to Different Floor Level
The design base shear (Vb) shall be distributed along the height of the building as per
the following expression:
W i h2i
Q i=V b n
∑ W j h 2j
j=1
Where, 𝑄i = Design Lateral force at floor i
Wi = Seismic weight of floor i
hi = Height of floor i measured from base,
n = Number of Story in the building is the number of levels at which the masses are located.
5.2 Load Combination
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The design loads including earthquake for the Limit State Method shall be not less
than whichever of the following load combination gives the greatest effect (IS 1893 (Part I):
2016):
1) 1.5(DL+LL)
2) 1.2(DL+LL±EL)
3) 1.5(DL±EL)
4) 0.9DL ± 1.5EL
5.3 Materials
Reinforced cement concrete has been considered as the primary construction material for all
building frames. For non-load bearing infill walls brick work is proposed. The materials
described below will be specified and used as a basis for design.
Rebar : Fe500
Cement : OPC/PPC meeting the requirements of IS standards
Aggregate : Fine aggregates will be clean natural sand.

Coarse aggregates will be crushed gravel or stone.
All aggregates shall meet the requirements of IS code.
For Reinforced cement concrete M25 grade of concrete shall be used.
6. Structural Analysis and Design Assumption
Following assumptions were made for the structural analysis:
 A 3-Dimensional finite element analysis is prepared on the ETABS software, produced

by CSI, California Berkeley, as per actual dimensions shown in the architectural drawings
 Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed as per code criteria.
 Seismic loads will be considered acting in the horizontal direction (along the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to
be significant.
 The design seismic force has been applied and automatically distributed by the
software at various floor levels.
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 Beams and columns are modeled as rectangular frame element whereas the slabs and
shear wall are modeled as shell elements.
 Rigid floor diaphragms are provided with reinforced concrete solid slabs.
 The principal lateral and gravity load resisting system is special designed Reinforced
concrete moment resisting frame (SMRF). Concrete beams and columns elements, are
designed and detailed as per IS456-2000 standards.
 The mat foundation is designed and detailed on SAFE software, produced by CSI, California
Berkeley, as per actual IS 2950 (part I)-1981 standards.
 The building response in terms of story drift and displacement were calculated using the
software and were check as per IS provision.
6.1 Design Methods of Structural Elements
Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, i.e.IS: 456-2000 for
design of Structural Elements is followed.
Limit State Method is based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with
the design loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and design
strengths are obtained by applying partial safety factors for characteristic loads and
strengths of the materials concrete and steel.
6.2 Detailing of the Structural Elements

The building considered comprise of a Concrete frame system comply with the
requirements given in IS 13920:2016, Hand book on Concrete Reinforcement and
Detailing SP: 34(S&T)-1987 Reinforcement for beams and columns were obtained from
design results of ETABS.
7 Finite Element Analysis and Design (code Basic)
7.1 Finite Element Analysis
The FE model of building is developed in ETABS 2016. The size of beams and
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columns as obtained from preliminary analysis are adjusted according to architectural

need. Beam and columns are modeled as frame element. Slabs are modeled as a shell
element. The 3D model is assumed to be fixed at ground level. A three-dimensional
mathematical model of the building was prepared and the effects of gravity and seismic
loading were included.
Figure 4 Finite element model of the building in ETABS v17.0.1
7.2 Code Based Design general analysis summary

Software Used : ETABS v18.0.1
Seismic Load : IS 1893(part I):2016,
Seismic Parameters : Zone Factor, Z = 0.36
Importance Factor, I = 1
Response Reduction Factor, R = 5
Dead/Imposed Load : IS Code
Load Combination : As mention in Section 5.1.4
Mass Source : Dead Load + 25% of Live Load
Eccentricity % considered : 0.05%
Section : Gross Section
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Figure 5 Live Load on building
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Figure 6 Wall Load
Figure 7 Shear Force Diagram for combination UDcon2
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Figure 8 Bending Moment Diagram for combination UDcon2
Figure 9 Axial Force diagram for combination UDcon2
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Figure 10 Longitudinal Reinforcement
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Figure 11 Beam Reinforcement
7.2.1 Auto Seismic Loading
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IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern
EQx according to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I =1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g S a Sa
=2.5 =2.5
[IS 6.4.2] g g
Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear
Ecc Period Coeff Weight Base

User Site
Name Rati Z I R Used Used Used Shear
T Type
o sec kN kN
Eqx 0.05 0.4 0.36 II 1 5 0.4 0.09 3486.7162 313.8045
Eqx+ecc 0.05 0.4 0.36 II 1 5 0.4 0.09 3486.7162 313.8045
Eqx-
ecc. 0.05 0.4 0.36 II 1 5 0.4 0.09 3486.7162 313.8045
Applied Story Forces

TABLE: Story Response
Stor Elevati Locati X- Y-
y on on Dir Dir
m kN kN
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Stor 60.
y4 12.2 Top 68 0
Stor 143
y3 9.14 Top .3 0
Stor 86.
y2 6.1 Top 86 0
Stor
y1 3.05 Top 23 0
Base 0 Top 0 0
IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern
EQy according to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I =1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = III
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g S a Sa
=2.5 =2.5
[IS 6.4.2] g g
Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear

Ecc User Site Period Coeff Weight Base
Name Z I R
Rati T Type Used Used Used Shear
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o sec kN kN
Eqy 0.05 0.34 0.36 II 1 5 0.34 0.09 3486.7162 313.8045
Eqy+ecc 0.05 0.34 0.36 II 1 5 0.34 0.09 3486.7162 313.8045
Eqy-
ecc. 0.05 0.34 0.36 II 1 5 0.34 0.09 3486.7162 313.8045
Applied Story Forces

X-
Stor Elevati Locati Di Y-
y on on r Dir
m kN kN
Stor 60.6
y4 12.2 Top 0 81
Stor 143.
y3 9.14 Top 0 26
Stor 86.8
y2 6.1 Top 0 63
Stor 22.9
y1 3.05 Top 0 99
Base 0 Top 0 0
7.2.2 Base Reaction
TABLE: Base Reactions

Load Case/Combo FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
EQx -718.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 -8277.85 6556.10
EQy 0.00 -718.36 0.00 8277.85 0.00 -3053.68
RSx Max 876.65 11.60 0.00 151.69 11455.91 8063.87
RSy Max 11.60 745.95 0.00 9846.66 146.02 3727.08
7.2.3 Story Drift ratio
TABLE: Story Response n

Story Elevatio Location X-Dir Y-Dir m
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Story
4 12.2 Top 0.002 0.0001
Story
3 9.14 Top 0.002 6E-05
Story
2 6.1 Top 0.002 2E-05
Story
1 3.05 Top 0.002 2E-05
Base 0 Top 0 0

Elevatio Locatio
Story n n X-Dir Y-Dir
m
Story 0.002
4 12.2 Top 1E-04 1
Story 0.001
3 9.14 Top 2E-04 6
Story 0.002
2 6.1 Top 4E-04 3
Story 0.001
1 3.05 Top 4E-04 7
Base 0 Top 0 0
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Figure 12 Story Drift Ratio along X and Y direction respectively (IS 1893 :2016 DBE level earthquake)
The maximum storey drifts along X-direction is 0.002 and along Y-direction is 0.0021 which are
both with the permissible limits i.e less than 0.004 as mentioned in IS 1893:2016.
8 Conclusion and Recommendation

Analysis and design of residential building was done based on IS Codes Design Basis
Earthquake. For analysis and design, ETABS v17.0.1 software was used. Whenever was
necessary to check ETABS result, manual calculations were also performed. M25 grade
of concrete and Fe500 grade rebar were used for analysis and design. Seismic analysis
and design were performed based on IS 1893: 2016. For detailing of reinforcement SP
34 and Ductile Detailing Code IS 13920 were used.
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The sizes of the structural components are:
Mat Foundation Depth 700 mm

Basement Wall Thickness 300mm
Column 500mm x 500mm
Main Beam 300mm x 450mm

Secondary Beam 230mm X 300mm
Slab Thickness 125mm
Staircase Waist Slab 150mm
We greatly recommend to use standard quality of construction materials as mentioned in

the report and regular supervision during construction by the qualified Engineer.
9 Annexes
Annex: Foundation Design
Annex: Basement Wall Design
Annex: Column Design
Annex: Beam Design
Annex: Slab Design
Annex: Staircase Slab Design
Annex: Summary
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ANNEX
Foundation Design
Foundation are the structural elements that transfer loads from the buildings or individual
columns to the earth below. Here, Mat is provided as the foundation to account for the
unknown soil condition and to prevent differential settlement. Mat foundation is a
substructure supporting an arrangement of columns transmitting the loads to the soil by
means of a continuous slab. Such types of foundation are found useful where soil has
low bearing capacity.
The mat has been analyzed and designed in SAFE 2016 software with IS 456:2000 as
codal preference. The mat has been analyzed with various load combination fulfilling
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both strength as well as serviceability criteria and checked against uplift, settlement and
punching shear.
Figure 13: 3D model of Mat Foundation on SAFE 2016
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Figure 14: Soil Pressure diagram under service load
Figure 15:Punching Shear check
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Figure 16: Settlement Under Ultimate load
Figure 17: Reinforcement Intensity Diagram of Mat Foundation
Basement Wall Design
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Basement wall is constructed to retain the earth and to prevent moisture from seeping
into the building. Since the basement wall is supported by the mat foundation, the
stability is ensured and the design of the basement wall is limited to the safe design of
vertical stem.
Basement walls are exterior walls of underground structures (tunnels and other earth
sheltered buildings), or retaining walls must resist lateral earth pressure as well as
additional pressure due to other type of loading. Basement walls carry lateral earth
pressure generally as vertical slabs supported by floor framing at the basement level and
upper floor level. The axial forces in the floor structures are, in turn, either resisted by
shear walls or balanced by the lateral earth pressure coming from the opposite side of
the building.
Although, basement walls act as vertical slabs supported by the horizontal floor framing,
keep in mind that during the early construction stage when the upper floor has not yet been
built the wall may have to be designed as a cantilever.
Design of vertical stem
The basement wall is designed as the cantilever wall with the fixity provided by the mat
foundation.
Soil Pressure
Due to Surcharge
Basement Wall
Figure 20: Load on Basement wall
(Rear Face) (Front Face)
Mat Footing
3.33 KN/m2
15.96 KN/m2
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Concrete Grade = M25 Steel Grade = Fe500
Step Calculation Output
1 Design Constants
Clear height between the floor (h) =2.394 m
unit weight of soil, γ = 20 KN/m 3
Angle of internal friction of the soil, ө = 30 0
surcharge produced due to vehicular movement is
Ws = 10 KN/m 2
Safe bearing capacity of soil, qs = 135 KN/m2
2 Moment calculation
1−sin θ 1−sin 3 0
Ka ¿ = =0.333
1+ sin θ 1+sin 3 0
Lateral load due to soil pressure, Pa = Ka x γ x h 2/2
= 0.333x20x2.394 2/2
Pa = 19.085kN/m
= 19.085 kN/m
Lateral Load due to surcharge load, Ps = Ka x Ws x h
= 0.333x10x2.394
Ps = 7.97kN/m
= 7.97kN/m
Characteristic Bending moment at the base of wall,
Since weight of wall gives insignificant moment it
can be neglected in the design.
Mc = Pa x h/3 + Ps x h/2
= 19.085x2.394/3 + 7.97x2.394/2
= 24.77kN-m
M=37.155kN-m
Design moment, M = 1.5Mc = 1.5x24.77
=37.155 kN-m
3
Approximate design of section
Let, effective depth of wall = d
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BM = 0.133 ƒckbd2
37.155x106 = 0.133x25x1000xd2
d = 105.71 mm
Let Clear cover is 20mm & bar is 16mm-Ф
Overall depth of wall, D = 105.71+20+8 = 133.71 mm D = 300 mm

d = 272 mm
Take D = 300 mm
So, d = 300 –20- 8 = 272 mm
So, two curtains of reinforcement are to be provided.

4
Calculation of vertical Steel Reinforcement
bd f ck 4.6 M
Ast=
2x f y( √
1− 1−
f ck b d 2 )
Ast=
4.6 x 37.155 x 1 06
1000 x 272 x 25
2 x 500
1− 1− ( √
25 x 1000 x 27 22 )
Ast = 321.8mm2 Ast = 321.8mm2
Min. Ast = 0.0012xbxD = 0.0012x1000x300
= 360 mm2 > Ast
Max. Dia. of bar = D/8 = 300/8 = 37.5mm
S = 200mm
Providing 12mm-Ф bar, spacing of bar is
πx 122 x 1000 Pt = 0.238%

S= = 314.16mm/m
4 x 360
Provide 12mm-Ф bar @200mm c/c
So, Provided Ast = 113.097x1000/175= 646.27 mm 2
Pt = 646.27x100/(1000x272) = 0.238 %
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5 Max. Spacing = 3d = 3x272 = 816 mm or 450 mm
Provide nominal vertical reinforcement 12mmФ@200mm
c/c at the front face.
Check for Shear
The critical section for shear strength is taken at a distance

equal to width of wall from the face of support. Thus,
critical
Section is at d = 0.272m from the top of mat foundation.

Vu = 19.58 kN
i.e. at (2.394- 0.272) = 2.122m below the top edge of wall.
Shear force at critical section is,
Vu = 1.5x(Ka x Ws x Z + Ka x γ x Z2/2)
= 1.5x(0.333x10x2.122 + 0.333x20x2.122 2/2)

τu = 0.09N/mm2
= 19.58 kN
Vu
Nominal shear stress, τ u =
td τc = 0.36N/mm2
19.58∗1000 `
¿
272∗0.8∗1000
6
= 0.09N/mm 2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.36 N/mm2
τc > τu, Hence safe.
Check for Deflection
Leff = 2.394+d/2= 2.394+0.272/2= 2.53 m
Allowable deflection = leff/250 = 2530/250 =

10.12mm
p s l 4eff pa l 4eff
Actual Deflection = +
7 8 EI 30 EI
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253 04 x 12 7.97 19.085

= 3
1000 x 27 2 x 5000 √ 25 8( +
30 )
= 1.595mm
This is less than allowable deflection, hence safe.
Calculation of Horizontal Reinforcement steel bar
Area of Hz. Reinforcement = 0.002Dh
= 0.002x300x2394 = 1436.4 mm 2
As the temperature change occurs at front face of

basement wall, 2/3 of horizontal reinforcement is
provided at front face and 1/3 of horizontal reinforcement
is provided in inner face.
Front face Horizontal Reinforcement steel,
= 2/3x1436.4 = 957.6 mm 2
Providing 12mm-Ф bar
No. of bar required, N =957.6/113.1=8.46 nos.= 9
Spacing = (h-clear cover at both sides- Ф)/(N-1)
= (2394-20-12)/ (9-1) = 295.25 mm
Provide 12mm-Ф bar @ 250 mm c/c
Inner face Horizontal Reinforcement steel,
= 1/3x1436.4 = 478.8 mm 2
Providing, 10mm-Ф bar
No. of bar required, N = 478.8/78.53 = 6.097=7 nos.
Spacing = (h-clear cover at both sides- Ф)/(N-1)

8
= (2394-20-8)/(7-1) = 394.33 mm
Provide 10mm-Ф bar @ 300 mm c/c
Max. spacing = 3D = 3x300 = 900 mm or 450 mm
Hence, spacing provided for Hz. Steel is OK.
Curtailment of Reinforcement
No bars can be curtailed in less than L d distance from
38 | P a g e
the bottom of stem,
σs φ 0.87 x 500 x 12
Ld = = = 582.59 mm
1.6 x 4 x τ bd 1.6 x 4 x 1.4
The curtailment of bars can be done in two layers 1/3
and 2/3 heights of the stem above the base.
Let us curtail bars at 1/3 distance i.e. 800 mm from base
Lateral load due to soil pressure, Pa =Ka x γ x h 2/2
= 0.333x20x1.596 2/2
= 8.48 KN/m
Lateral load due to surcharge load, Ps = Ka x Ws x h
= 0.333x10x1.596
= 5.315 KN/m
Characteristic Bending moment at the base of wall is,
Mc = Pa x h/3 + Ps x h/2
= 8.48x1.596/3 + 5.315x1.596/2
= 8.75 kN-m
Design Moment, M =1.5Mc = 1.5x8.75 = 13.125kN-m
Since this moment is less than half of the moment at base
of stem, spacing of vertical reinforcement can be

increased from 800mm from the base of the wall.
Providing 12mm-Ф bar @200 mm c/c above 1200mm

from base.
39 | P a g e
Column Design
Columns are vertical structural members which are predominantly subjected to axial
forces. Columns support the vertical load from floor and roof slabs and transfer these loads
to the footings. Here, RC columns of 500mm × 500 mm have been analyzed and designed
using ETABS software as frame member. ETABS generates a biaxial PMM interaction
surface by varying neutral axis along different angles. At each of these PM interacting
planes, ETABS checks and reports the required area of steel on the axial and biaxial
moments. In this way for each of the column section the area of reinforcement required for
design forces is reported.
The spacing of stirrups is as per the requirement of seismic criteria given in seismic code
and seismic detailing code. Also lapping and any other detailing requirement of IS
13920:2016 is followed.
ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design
Column Element Details
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF

Story1 C2 261 Column 500 2844.8 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)

500 500 60 30
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)

25000 25 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters
ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
40 | P a g e
Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Rebar Area Rebar

Column End
mm² %
Top 2000 0.8
Bottom 2000 0.8
Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc

Column End Controlling Combo
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
Top 73.4902 -1.3137 -33.8103 2394.8 UDCon20
Bottom 86.957 1.7623 1.8658 0 UDCon20
Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2
Rebar Asv /s Design Vu2 Station Loc

mm²/m kN mm
Top 554.22 23.7699 2394.8 UDCon20
Bottom 554.22 23.7699 0 UDCon20
Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3
Rebar Asv /s Design Vu3 Station Loc

mm²/m kN mm
Top 554.22 38.8874 2394.8 UDCon20
Bottom 554.22 38.8874 0 UDCon20
Joint Shear Check/Design
Shear Shear Joint

Joint Shear Controlling
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Major(Vu2) 0.089 111.2403 1250 250000 UDCon3
Minor(Vu3) 0.089 180.7885 1250 250000 UDCon3
Beam/Column Capacity Ratios
SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.4(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
Major33 0.183 7.655 48.3004 369.7263 UDCon19
Minor22 0.284 4.933 79.0192 389.7936 UDCon19
41 | P a g e
Beam Design
Beams are structural frame elements that are designed to carry transverse loads along their
length. Here, Beams have been analyzed and designed using ETABS software considering
the reversible effect due to the seismic force. The most critical value of seismic force of all
possible direction has been considered.
The shear stirrups are designed as per the requirements and instruction of code and area of
the stirrups are checked for provided spacing. The spacing of the stirrups is governed by the
seismic requirements.
ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)
Beam Element Details
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF

Story3 B27 479 Beam 300*450 5486.4 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)

300 450 300 0 60 60
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)

25000 25 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters
ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, Mu3
42 | P a g e
End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J

Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar
mm² % mm² % mm² %
Top (+2 Axis) 1286 0.95 334 0.25 1335 0.99
Bot (-2 Axis) 643 0.48 654 0.48 667 0.49
Flexural Design Moment, Mu3

Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm kN-m mm
Top (+2 Axis) -177.4659 250 -13.1255 3657.6 -184.4712 5236.4
Combo UDCon17 UDCon20 UDCon17
Bot (-2 Axis) 31.8394 250 98.2619 2743.2 31.9062 5236.4
Combo UDCon17 UDCon2 UDCon17
Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2
End-I Middle End-J

Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s
mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
2219.41 1703.38 2284.04
Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc
kN mm kN mm kN mm
173.3084 250 0.1354 3657.6 175.6216 5236.4
UDCon18 UDCon18 UDCon18
Torsion Reinforcement
Shear
Rebar Asvt /s
mm²/m
1435.15
Design Torsion Force
Design Tu Station Loc Design Tu Station Loc

kN-m mm kN-m mm
27.3435 5236.4 27.3435 5236.4
UDCon18 UDCon18
43 | P a g e
Slab Design
Slabs have been designed manually as two-way slab as per IS 456:2000. Slabs are
designed by using the same theories as are used by beams. Slabs are checked against
deflection and secondary beams have been provided in places where there has been
excessive deflection.
44 | P a g e
Design of Two way slab
Span information
Long span, Ly in m = ? 4.27
Short span, Lx in m = ? 2.97
Depth information
Depth of slab, D in mm = ? 125
Clear cover in mm = ? 15
Bar Dia, f in mm = ? 10 Deflection OK
Load Information
Floor finish in KN / m 2 = ? 1.50
Partition Load in KN / m 2 = ? 5.00
Live Load in KN / m 2 = ? 3.00
Material Strength
Concrete, fck = ? 25
Reinforcement steel, fy = ? 500
Support Information
Is Side1 discontinuos? Y/N = Y Side3
Is Side2 discontinuos? Y/N = N
Is Side3 discontinuos? Y/N = N Side1 Side2 Lx
Is Side4 discontinuos? Y/N = Y
Side4
Ly
Calculated Values Moment coefficient

Area of bar, A f in mm2= 78.54 Coefficient, a y = 0.034
Effective depth, d in mm = 105 Coefficient, ax = 0.056
Slab Load in KN / m 2 = 3.00 Coefficient, a1 = 0.000
2
Total Dead Load in KN / m = 9.50 Coefficient, a2 = 0.045
Design Load in KN / m 2 = 18.75 Coefficient, a3 = 0.075
Coefficient, a4 = 0.000
Moments x/d values

Short direction Short direction
Msup3(-v e) = 12.46 x/dsup3(-v e) = 0.132
Msup4(-v e) = 4.67 x/dsup4(-v e) = 0.048
Mspan3-4(+v e) = 9.35 x/dspan3-4(+v e) = 0.097
Long direction Long direction
Msup1(-v e) = 2.82 x/dsup1(-v e) = 0.028
Msup2(-v e) = 7.51 x/dsup2(-v e) = 0.077
Mspan1-2(+v e) = 5.63 x/dspan1-2(+v e) = 0.058
45 | P a g e
x/d values Area of steel

z/dsup3(-v e) = 0.945 A st-sup3-(-v e) in mm2= 289
2
z/dsup4(-v e) = 0.950 A st-sup4-(-v e) in mm = 108
2
z/dspan3-4(+v e) = 0.950 A st-span3-4(+v e) in mm = 215
z/dsup1(-v e) = 0.950 A st-sup1(-v e) in mm2= 65
2
z/dsup2(-v e) = 0.950 A st-sup2(-v e) in mm = 173
2
z/dspan1-2(+v e) = 0.950 A st-span1-2(+v e) in mm = 130
Spacing of bars (reqd) Deflection check

Short direction Basic span / depth ratio = 26
Spacingsup3(-v e) in mm= 272 Percentage of steel, r st = 0.25
Spacingsup4(-v e) in mm= 729 Service stress, fs = 214
Spacingspan3-4(+v e) in mm= 365 F1 = 2.00
Long direction Allowable ratio = 52
Spacingsup1(-v e) in mm= 1211 Actual ratio = 28
Spacingsup2(-v e) in mm= 454 Deflection OK
Spacingspan1-2(+v e) in mm= 605
Spacing of bars (final) Provide spacing of bars

Spacingsup3(-v e) in mm= 272 Spacingsup3(-v e) in mm= 150
Spacingspan3-4(+v e) in mm= 315 Spacingspan3-4(+v e) in mm= 150
Spacingspan1-2(+v e) in mm= 315 Spacingspan1-2(+v e) in mm= 150
Staircase Slab Design
46 | P a g e
The apartment has an open well structure with two winders on each landing. The slab for the
stair has been designed manually since the finite elements software’s like ETABS give very
uneconomical section for the shell elements.
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
Data
Internal Dimensions
Length = 3.302 m
Width = 1.041 m
Floor Height = 2.84 m
Fck = 25 N/mm2
Fy = 500 N/mm2
Riser = 150 mm
Tread = 300 mm
Landing width = 1.58 mm
Effective Span = 1.041 m
Height of each flight = 1.93 m
No. of risers in each flight 12 Nos
No. of Tread in each flight 11 Nos
Design
d = 33 mm Required
D = 150 mm
d = 129 mm
Loads
DL of waist slab = 3.75 kN/m2
DL on horizontal area = 4.19 kN/m2
DL of steps = 1.875 kN/m2
LL = 3 kN/m2
FF = 1.5 kN/m2
Total load = 10.57 kN/m2
Factored load = 15.9 (of one flight)
BM and SF
Mu = 2 kN-m
Vu = 8 kN
d from BM consideration 25 mm
k = 0.129
pt = 0.030 %
Ast = 39 mm2
Main Reinforcement
Dia = 12 mm
Provided Spacing = 150 mm
Distribution Steel
Ast = 155 mm2
Dia of bar = 10 mm
Provided Spacing = 150 mm
Development Length
Ld = Ld = (Ø x σs) / (4 x Tbd)
Therefore, Ld = 583 mm
Provide, Ld = 590 mm
47 | P a g e
Ld = 590 mm
300
mm
Y10 @ 150 mm C/C (Distribution Reinforcement)
Y12@150 mm C/C
(Main Reinforcement)
150 mm
150 mm
DETAILING
48 | P a g e

Jhamsikhel Apartment - Structural - Report

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Jhamsikhel Apartment - Structural - Report

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT

OWNER: MRS.KHUSI PATHAK

PREPARED BY: ER. NIRMAL RUWALI

3. Description of the Project

Building Type : Residential

Building Shape : Regular

4. Relevant Codes Followed

5. General Design Criteria

5.1 Design loads

5.1.1 Dead Loads:

9” thick Brick Wall = 13.46 KN/m2

Floor finish = 1.25 KN/m2

Unit weight of materials:

Reinforced concrete = 25 KN/m2

Unit weight of Brick Masonry = 19.2 KN/m2

5.1.2 Live Loads:

Live load = 2 and 3 KN/m2 (IS Code 875)

5.1.3 Seismic Load:

Figure 1 Seismic hazard map of India

Figure 2 Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal

Calculation of design Spectra and Lateral Force Coefficients

I = Importance factor, depending upon the functional use of structure

R = Response reduction factor, depending on the perceived seismic damage performance

Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient

Zone Factor, Z 0.36 Clause 6.4.2, Table 3

Time period of structure (Along X) 0.4 sec Clause 7.6.2

Code Basic Response spectr um

Figure 3 IS 1893:2016 Response Spectrum

Calculation of Seismic Base shear

Where, Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value

Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to Different Floor Level

Wi = Seismic weight of floor i

hi = Height of floor i measured from base,

5.2 Load Combination

Cement : OPC/PPC meeting the requirements of IS standards

Aggregate : Fine aggregates will be clean natural sand.

All aggregates shall meet the requirements of IS code.

For Reinforced cement concrete M25 grade of concrete shall be used.

6. Structural Analysis and Design Assumption

Following assumptions were made for the structural analysis:

 A 3-Dimensional finite element analysis is prepared on the ETABS software, produced

 Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed as per code criteria.

6.1 Design Methods of Structural Elements

6.2 Detailing of the Structural Elements

7 Finite Element Analysis and Design (code Basic)

7.1 Finite Element Analysis

columns as obtained from preliminary analysis are adjusted according to architectural

Figure 4 Finite element model of the building in ETABS v17.0.1

7.2 Code Based Design general analysis summary

Seismic Load : IS 1893(part I):2016,

Seismic Parameters : Zone Factor, Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R = 5

Dead/Imposed Load : IS Code

Load Combination : As mention in Section 5.1.4

Mass Source : Dead Load + 25% of Live Load

Eccentricity % considered : 0.05%

Section : Gross Section

Figure 5 Live Load on building

Figure 6 Wall Load

Figure 7 Shear Force Diagram for combination UDcon2

Figure 8 Bending Moment Diagram for combination UDcon2

Figure 9 Axial Force diagram for combination UDcon2

Figure 10 Longitudinal Reinforcement