FAKE NEWS DETECTOR
Muhammad Hassan Ur Rehman, Muhammad Huzaifa, Sufyan A. Siddiqui, Taber Bin Zameer
Abstract--Fake news is propaganda or manipulated
news that is spread across the internet with an
objective to damage a person, agency and
organization. Most of fake news systems use the
linguistic feature of the news. First, we have to take
dataset which contain both fake and real news and
conduct various test to make a fake news detector.
We use the techniques of Machine learning and deep
learning to classify the datasets. This has also drawn
people interest from researchers around the globe to
work on deception detection mechanisms to
eradicate the problem. The goal is to introduce a
mechanism that automatic, vigorous, trustworthy,
efficient and accurate. We take a dataset that contain
both real and fake news and from that we make a
classifier that can make decision about fake and real
news. We use two different models Naive Bayes,
Passive Aggressive Classifier and LSTM. The best
performing model was LSTM with the most perfect
predictions.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fake news, by the name it is very small and clearly not
understandable but in today’s world where we are
surrounded by thousands of lies due to which many
conflict and rumors arises. This is the area where we
believe we must proceed very carefully though.
Identifying the truth is complicated. We have developed
a project that can find out if the news is true or false.
Fake news is becoming threat to the society. It is
generated to gather the attraction of viewers and for
advertising purposes. We have developed fake news
detector to stop people from lies because from lies hate
is prevailing around the globe. Even though the
difficulty of fake news is not another debate, revealing
false news is accepted to be a confused requirement
hardened that people incline to acknowledge tempting
guideline and the absence of control of the show of
deceiving substance.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Author in [1] used a dataset from Kaggle to predict their
accuracy of detecting fake news. He tested various
models like Naïve Bayes, Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM),
K nearest neighbor and Random Forest. After, testing
these models for accuracy it was found that CNN model
was the most accurate with 98.3% accuracy.
The authors in [2] incorporated sentimental analysis to
further enhance the accuracy of currently existing
dataset. A merged dataset was formed from 3 existing
datasets in order to test the accuracy. It was found that
tf-idf was the best text processing technique.
Furthermore, the accuracy between Naïve Bayes and
Random Forest model was compared and it was found
that Random Forest was more accurate.
Author in [3] prepared a Fact Database. This fact
database contained articles related to various topics. The
input was checked in the Fact Database and the relevant
article was picked. Then they used Bidirectional Multi-
Perspective Matching (BiMPM) to find if the given
proposition was in the context of the article. The result
was then based on this calculation.
Author in [4] used a dataset from Buzzfeed News which
contained Facebook posts from three major news
sources. The posts were labelled by the BuzzFeed News
as true, false, mostly true, mostly false and mixture of
true and false. The dataset was then trained and tested
using naïve bayes classifier. Using this approach, they
got accuracy of about 74.
III. METHODOLOGY
a) Platform and Technologies:
• Jupyter Notebook
• Flask
• Docker
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b) Dataset: works by taking an example, learning from it and then
throwing it away.
In order to detect the fake or real news, first we need
actual real or fake data to build our that will detect the
news. We use pre-build data of news labelled fake/real
from Kaggle.

c) Preprocessing:

In this phase, we preprocess the data by removing

spaces, characters, punctuations and by lowering the
data to make it simple so that it can be classified.
Confusion Matrix using tf-idf vectorizer
d) Model/Training:

Now selection of model takes place according to

classification. Here we use two models “Naive Bayes”
and “Passive Aggressive Classifier”.

e) Naïve Bayes:

This is one of the simplest approaches to classification,

in which a probabilistic approach is used, with the
assumption that all features are conditionally Confusion Matrix using count vectorizer
independent given the class label.
g) Testing:

Finally, the testing process comes, in which we test the

fake/real news. Here we take user input and the model
predict the news upon the nature of the words used.

The process is also demonstrated in the diagram below

Data flow diagram:

Confusion Matrix using tf-idf vectorizer

Confusion Matrix using count vectorizer

f) Passive Aggressive Classifier:

The Passive Aggressive Algorithm is an online

algorithm; ideal for classifying massive streams of data
(e.g. twitter). It is easy to implement and very fast. It

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 IV. CASE STUDY
The interface choice and the interaction with the
Application is as straight forward as possible without
anything fancy going on. The user is simply provided
with the three textboxes.
a) URL:
This textbox will be filled with the URL of the news
article that you want to analyze. Users can provide any
source of news and it is not limited to just news sites.
b) Title:
As the news title is playing a vital part of our training
dataset, we also require the user to enter the title of the
said news.
c) Content:
This is the important part of the input. This will provide
us with the text that we want to proceed and carry out
our classification on.
On pressing the Analyze button, it will show you the
results.
V. CONCLUSION:
Projects like fake news are very rare because fake news
is contending bone for all of us. It is not important that
the project we made is 100 percent accurate but we can
say that it’s a small contribution to the world from our
side. We face many problems while making this project
because it requires a complete dataset for real and fake
news. We can say that it is unimplemented project
because it is not available for our use on the internet but
only a small-scale project is available of this type. We
think it would be a great contribution from our side if we
succeed in making a complete practical version of it
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This project was not have been possible without the
contribution of all the members, especially Taber and
Hassan (students of NED University) with their
assistance and instructions throughout the project.
We are also grateful to Ms. Zainab (lecturer at NED
University) for motivating us to work hard on this
project for research purposes and for helping us find
resources.
REFERENCES
[1] R. K. Kaliyar, "Fake News Detection Using A
Deep Neural Network," in 2018 4th International
Conference on Computing Communication and
Automation (ICCCA), 2018.
[2] B. Bhutani, N. Rastogi, P. Sehgal and A. Purwar,
"Fake News Detection Using Sentiment Analysis".
[3] K.-h. Kim and C.-s. Jeong, "Fake News Detection
System using Article Abstraction".
[4] M. Granik and V. Mesyura, "Fake News Detection
Using Naive Bayes Classifier," in IEEE First
Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer
Engineering (UKRCON), 2017.
[5] J. Straub, Gurmeet, N. Snell and T. Traylor,
"Classifying Fake News Articles Using Natural
Language Processing to Identify In-Article
Attribution as a Supervised Learning Estimator,"
in IEEE 13th International Conference on
Semantic Computing (ICSC), 2019.
BIOGRAPHY
Muhammad Huzaifa Shuja (SE-093):
Muhammad Huzaifa Shuja is an undergraduate student
of Software Engineering Department of NED University
of Engineering. He has his interests in electronics and
especially Arduino. In this project he made a significant
contribution in making the frontend of the Application.
Sufyan Ahmed Siddiqui (SE-060):
Sufyan Ahmed Siddiqui is an undergraduate student of
Software Engineering Department of NED University of
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Engineering. He has his certain interests in
programming on C++ and networking. In this project his
most notable work was to develop the front-end with
Huzaifa and connect it with the backend through flask.

Taber Bin Zameer (SE-082):

Taber Bin Zameer is an undergraduate student of

Software Engineering Department of NED University of
Engineering. He has his interests in Machine Learning
and data science. He worked with testing and training
different models.

Muhammad Hassan Ur Rehman (SE-062):

Muhammad Hassan Ur Rehman is an undergraduate

student of Software Engineering Department of NED
University of Engineering. He is a Java Developer and
also has experience working in the field of Artificial
Intelligence. In this project he worked with Taber to get
test and train select the best model for prediction.