Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Informal Communication
Episodes of interaction that do not reflect
officially designated channels of
communication is inherent and even a
necessary aspect of organization life.
Pro: Creates a relaxed, comfortable climate
U D
p o
w Lateral w
a n
r w
d a
r
d
According to Bartol and
Martin, “Upward
communication is the
vertical communication
flows form lower level to
one or more higher levels
in the organization.
According to Bartol along
with Martin, “Downward
communication is a vertical
communication which streams
style an increased levels to help
more than one cheaper levels
within the organization. ”
Ricky W. Griffin,
“Horizontal
communication
involves
colleagues and
peers at the same
level of the
organization.”
Grapevine – the informal
vehicle through which
messages flow throughout the
organization
Physical Barriers
Distortion
Lack of Subject Knowledge
Ambiguous, Muddled Messages
Semantics(The study of language with special concern
for the meanings of words and other symbols.)
Rumors
Stress
Information overload
Failing to Communicate /Loss of Transmission
Hesitation to be candid
Credibility
Courtesy
Clarity
Correctness
Consistency
Concreteness
Conciseness