Materials for Automotive Design

IRON & CARBON ALLOYS

Main ones
● Pig iron - product of melting iron ore in a blast furnace.
● Cast iron - pig iron remelted with iron, steel, limestone, coke (carbon) - C and S are
adjusted to desired amount
● Ductile iron
● Steel
● Steel alloys
● Malleable iron
● Wrought iron

Cast Irons

Iron alloys with carbon content more than 2 %

Cast iron is a generic term for a high carbon, high silicon, iron alloy.

C - 2 to 3.5 %

S - 1-3%

And rest is iron

Types :

1. Grey cast iron

2. White cast iron
3. Malleable cast iron
4. Ductile cast iron

Specialities :

low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability, resistance to deformation
and wear resistance
Stainless steels

Types :

1. Austenitic
2. Ferritic
3. Martensitic - high strength at room temperature
4. Duplex - combo of austenitic and ferritic steels
5. Precipitation-hardened - Formability is good

Austenitic and ferritic are most popular!

Austenitic SS

Micro structure composed of austenitic phase

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