DUHOK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES ENGINEERING

FIRST YEAR (2016-2017)
REPORT OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
By: Heval Mohammed Ibrahim
‫هفال محمد ابراهيم‬
Experiment Name: 7. Density test for building stone
Date Performed: 28-01-2017
Date Submitted: 04-02-2017
Group Number: (B2)
Group Members: Hanaa ,Lorin ,Matin ,Media
,Miran ,Moafaq ,Mohammed B ,Mohammed N
,Mohammed Y ,Nichervan ,and me.
7. Density test for building stone
7.1.Introduction:
The density of a stone is determined by the density of the
individual minerals that compose the stone and the porosity
or open space between the grains.
7. Density test for building stone
7.2.Objectives:
The Objectives of this test is to determine building stone
density and classify it according to IQS 1387/1989

7.3. Apparatus and Materials:

1. Building stone specimen.
2. cylinder.
3. Sensitive scale (balance).
4. Water
7. Density test for building stone
7.4.The Specification:
The table below is the IQS 1387/1989 which shows the density
of building stones:
Class Density class (kg/m ¿
2

A Low density Min. (2250)

B Medium density Min. (2400)
C High density Min. (2550)
7. Density test for building stone
7.5.Procedure:
Firstly we weigh the specimens accurately to the nearest 1
gram.
Then we put a specific amount of water in the graduated
cylinder and record it.
After that we put the stone inside the cylinder gently. The
volume of water will increase which represent the volume of
building stone.
Finally we record the increase of the volume of water inside
the cylinder.
7. Density test for building stone
7.6.Calculations and Results:
The density (ρ) is equal to the mass per unit volume for each
building stone.
The standard metric units in use for mass and volume
respectively are grams and millimeters or cubic centimeters.
Dry weight (gm)
ρ=
Volume(cm 2)
7. Density test for building stone
3 3
Specimen No. V(cm ¿ W(g) Density (g/cm )
B1 200 420 2.1
B2 150 355 2.366
B3 140 310 2.214
Average 2.226

V B 1=V total−V w =800−600=200 cm3

V B 2=V total−V w =550−400=150 cm3

V B 3=V total−V w =740−600=140 cm3

W 1 420
ρ 1= = =2.1 g /cm3
V 1 200

2.1× 10−3 kg 2100 ×10−6 kg 3

ρ 1= −6 3
= −6 3
=2100 kg /m
10 m 10 m
W 2 355
ρ 2= = =2.366 g /cm3
V 2 150

2.366 ×10−3 kg 2366 × 10−6 kg 3

ρ 2= −6 3
= −6 3
=2366 kg/m
10 m 10 m
W 3 310
ρ 3= = =2.214 g/cm 3
V 3 140

2.214 × 10−3 kg 2214 ×10−6 kg 3

ρ 3= −6 3
= −6 3
=2214 kg/m
10 m 10 m
ρ 1+ ρ2+ ρ3 2100+23 66+2214 6680
Average ρ= = = =2226 kg /m3
3 3 3

Result: According to our results we realize that all the

specimens are in Class A(Low density).

7. Density test for building stone

7.7.Discussion:
* This test is important to construction industry because
according to this test we can know the class of the stone (low ,
medium , high) so we will know if stones are good to build or
not.
* The obtained result will help us a lot in building.
For example: in the base of the construction the stones should
be high class and whenever we raised the construction we can
use medium class stones because they are less weigh than
high class blocks and the low class stones we can use them in
internal walls.
* The water is so important in the test because the water has
3
density 1000kg/m at 4℃ and it equals to 1g/ml so this
property of water helps us a lot to measure the volume of the
stone easily so if we use another liquid the result will change
and that will take more time to do the test.
* The errors that may occur when performing this test are
measuring the volume of the stone or the oven maybe hang
during the test….