MAJOR PROJECT

REVIEW-2
 N Sandeep Kumar -13R01A0193

 P Harshavardhan Reddy - 13R01A0196

 G Sampath Kumar - 13R01A0178

 P Kranthi Kiran Reddy -13R01A0197

 P Barath Kumar -13R01A0195

High Strength concrete
for

Emergency purpose
The materials used in the present investigation are :

 Cement – OPC 53 grade conforming to IS 12269-1987

 Fine aggregate – Natural sand – IS 383-1970
 Coarse aggregate – Crushed 20mm maximum size –
IS 383-1970
 Fine aggregate
 Potable water
 Alcco fines
 C-set 101
 Water reduction
ALCCO FINES purpose

THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF ALCCO FINES;

1.Alcco fines 1203 (low calcium silicate)
Soil
stabilizing 2.Alcco fines 1101 (High calcium silicate)
purpose

• Addition of ALCCO FINES shows an early strength

gaining property long term strength.
• Optimum alccofines dosage is 10% to 13%.
• Addition of Alccofines increases “compressive
strength and flexural strength”.
 Cement:

Fineness of cement

Specific gravity

Soundness

Normal consistency

Initial setting time

Final setting time

Standard consistency specific gravity Bottle

Le- chatlier apparatus

 Tests on cement values
Fineness of cement 98%

Specific gravity 3.12

Soundness 2mm

Normal consistency 27%

Initial setting time 40min

Final setting time 9hrs 35 min

 Aggregates:

Specific gravity

Bulk density

Fineness modulus

Moisture content

Absorption rate

Shape factor
Set of sieves with sieves shaker specific gravity Bottle for Aggregates
 Grading of Fine Aggregates
Sieve Weight % weight Sum of Cumulative % Percentage finer
size retained (gm) retained retained

4.75mm 0 0 - -

2.36mm 140 14 14 88

1.18mm 443.5 44.35 58.35 41.65

600µm 9 0.9 59.25 40.75

425µm 135 13.5 72.75 27.25

300µm 91.5 9.15 81.9 18.1

150µm 84.5 8.45 90.35 9.65

75µm 75.5 7.55 97.9 2.1

Pan 21 2.1 100 0

Total 1000 -- -- ---

Tests results of Fine aggregate Coarse Fibres
aggregates aggregate
Specific gravity 2.60 2.65 7.3

Bulk density 1.64 gm./cc 1.56 gm./cc -

Fineness moulds 3.07 6.73 -

Moisture content 1.12% 0.09% 0%

Absorption rate 0.51% 0.39% 0%

Shape factor - FI=3.6% -

EI=5.2%
• Concrete like other engineering materials needs to be designed for
properties like strength, durability, workability and cohesion.
• Concrete is an extremely versatile building material because, it can be
designed for strength ranging from M10 (10Mpa) to M100 (100Mpa) and
workability ranging from 0 mm slump to 150 mm slump.
• In all these cases the basic ingredients of concrete are the same, but it is their
relative proportioning that makes the difference.
• In other words, we determine the relative proportions of ingredients of
concrete to achieve desired strength & workability in a most economical way.
• Mix Design is carried out in B.I.S Method (Bureau of Indian Standards)

• As per IS 10262:2009(Revised)

• MIX DESIGN:-

Taken M 40 Grade

Type of cement (O.P.C) = 53 grade

Size of coarse aggregate = 20 mm

Step 1: Target mean strength for mix proportion:-

(𝑭′𝒄𝒌 = 𝑭𝒄𝒌 + K*S )

Here, 𝐹𝑐𝑘 = 40

K = Risk factor = 1.65

S = Standard deviation = 5

Hence,

𝐹′𝑐𝑘 = 40+ (1.65*5) = 48.25 N/𝒎𝒎𝟐

Step 2: Selection of water content:
Maximum water content = 186 liters (it is selected based on size of aggregate)
Step 3: Corrected water content:
Maximum water content for 50mm slump is 186 lit
If 3% of water is added then 25mm slump will increases
Now assuming slump as 75 mm, then
W= 186 + 186*3%
W=191.58 lit
Step 4: Calculations for cement content:
𝑊
= 0.45
𝐶

𝑊
Here 𝐶
= Water Cement ratio.

191.58
𝐶
= 0.45

Cement = 426 Kg/m3

Step 5: Determination of aggregates:

From (table 3 IS 10262: 2009) zone II and coarse aggregate (20mm) at W/C ratio 0.5.
Volume of coarse aggregate = 0.62 m3

Corrected volume = 0.01/0.05 *0.05 = 0.01

= 0.62+0.01
Coarse aggregate = 0.63 m3

Fine aggregate = 1- 0.63 = 0.37 m3

 Calculations:

Volume of concrete = 1 m3

Absolute volume of cement = ( C/ S.P gravity of cement) * (1/1000)

= ( 426 / 3.14) * ( 1/1000)
= 0.135 m3

Volume of water = ( W /1000)

= 191.58 / 1000
= 0.1915 m3

Volume of materials = absolute volume of cement + volume of water

= 0.135 +0.1915
= 0.3265 m3

Absolute total aggregate = 1 – 0.3265

= 0.6735 m3
Weight of coarse aggregate :

(Absolute total aggregate * volume of C.A * S.P gravity of C.A * 1000)

= 0.6735 * 0.63 * 2.65 * 1000
Coarse aggregate = 1124.4Kg / m3

Weight of fine aggregate :

(Absolute total aggregate * volume of F.A * S.P gravity of F.A * 1000

= 0.6735 * 0.37 * 2.6 * 1000
Fine aggregate = 648 Kg / m3

Water Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate

191.58Kg / m3 426Kg / m3 648 Kg / m3 1124.4Kg/ m3

MIX RATIO: water: cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate

0.45 1 1.52 2.63

Standard mix at 0% replacement of Scrap :-

Cement Coarse Fine Water

Aggregate Aggregate
426 kg/m 3 1166 kg/m 3 648 kg/m 3 191.58 kg/m 3

Material Required for conventional concrete

Name of Cubes Cylinder Beam TOTAL

Material
(kgs) (kgs) (kgs) QUANTITY(kgs)

CEMENT 8.62 13.54 12.78 34.946

COARSE AGG. 22.76 35.76 33.72 92.25
FINE AGG. 13.12 20.61 19.44 53.17

WATER 3.878 6.092 5.746 15.716

 The performance of the recycled aggregate concrete was influenced
by the mixing.
• This means that a proper and good practice of mixing can lead a
better performance and Quality of the recycled aggregate concrete.
• The mixing of recycled aggregate concrete was carried out with an
electrical 60 liters pan mixer, which was conducted in the concrete
laboratory of University of southern Queensland.

Apparatus:
• Mixer: A pan mixer with capacity of 60 liters mixing.
• Trays: suitable size of buckets for containing the materials before
mixing.
• Wheel barrier: A suitable size of wheel barrier to contain the fresh
concrete for workability tests and also place the fresh concrete into
the moulds
• Before the placing of concrete, the concrete moulds must be
oiled for the ease of concrete Specimens stripping.
• The oil used is a mixture of diesel and kerosene.
• Once the workability test of recycled aggregate concrete was
done, the fresh Concrete must placed into the concrete moulds
for hardened properties tests.
• The dimension of the large cylinder was 150mm diameter by
300mm height, 150*150*150mm cubes and beams
500mm*100mm*100mm.
•
 Workability test :
a. Slump test:
• Slump test is the most commonly used
method of measuring consistency of concrete
which can be employed either in laboratory
or at site of work. It is not a suitable method
for very wet or very dry concrete.
• The apparatus for conducting the slump test
essentially consists of a metallic mould in the
form of a frustum of a cone having the
internal dimensions bottom diameter 20 cm,
top diameter 10 cm, height 30cm. The
thickness of metal sheet for the mould should
not be thinner than 1.6 mm.
b. Compaction factor test:
• The compaction factor test is designed
primarily for use in the laboratory. It is more
precise and sensitive than the slump test and
is mostly useful for very low workability
concrete mixes.
• The apparatus consists of upper hopper,
lower hopper and cylinder. Upper and lower
hoppers having, top internal diameter 25.4
cm, bottom internal diameter 12.7 cm,
internal height 27.9 cm. dimensions of
cylinder are internal diameter 15.2 cm,
internal height 30.5 cm.
cube and cylinder moulds

beam mould
CUBES AFTER CASTING CYLINDERS AFTER CASTING

BEAMS AFTER CASTING

curing of cubes, cylinders and beams
 Test results of specimens
CUBES

COMP. ST. 2 days 7 days 28 days

1 Peak load 506.3 KN 769.4 KN
Peak stress 22.5 MPA 34.1 MPA

COMP. ST. 2 days 7 days 28 days

2
Peak load 502.6 KN 702.3 KN
Peak stress 22.3 MPA 31.2 MPA
Cylinders

2 days 7 days 28 days

1
Peak load 94 KN 449.9 KN
Peak stress 5.3 MPA 25.4 MPA

2 days 7 days 28 days

2
Peak load 100.4 KN0 358.2 KN
Peak stress 5.6 MPA 20.2 MPA
BEAMS

1 Flexural st. 2 days 7 days 28 days

Peak load 14 KN 16 KN

2 Flexural st. 2 days 7 days 28 days

Peak load 8 KN 17 KN