IMPACT OF FERROCHROME

ASH,RICE HUSK ASH & FLY ASH

AGGREGATE ON PROPERTIES OF
CONCRETE

Submitted to –
Prof. Pankaj kumar Dash
(H.O.D),civil
Er. Shrinu Mohanty

Asst Prof . civil

CONTENT
• Introduction
• Some literature review about the topic
• Samples of the elements
• Tests which are conducted & to be conduct in the future
• conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Industrial waste materials as mineral admixture and secondary products might be utilized
in concrete production as materials for the purpose of partial replacement of cement. As the
rapid growth in the demand for cement, it has been a matter of great importance to find
alternative cementitious materials as the production of cement produces CO2,which being
responsible for about 5% of greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect can be reduced by
partial replacement of cement by some waste product of such as fly ash, ferrochrome
ash,rice husk ash.

SOME LITERATURE REVIEW ABOUT THIS TOPIC

Published: 24 January 2021
Feasibility study of utilisation of ferrochrome slag as fine aggregate and rice husk ash as cement
replacement for developing sustainable concrete

Satyajit Das, Rakesh Kumar Patra & Bibhuti Bhusan Mukharjee

Abstract
Utilisation of ferrochrome slag as partial substitution of the fine aggregates and incorporation of
rice husk ash (RHA) in place of cement has been carried out in this study to generate a
sustainable concrete. For this, workability, compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength
(STS), flexural strength (FS), rebound number (RN), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water
absorption (WA), density and volume of voids (VV) of 12 numbers of concrete mixes made with
0%, 10%, and 20% ferrochrome slag fine aggregates (FSA) and 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% RHA
have been investigated. The outcomes of this investigation depicts that all the mixes designed in
this study incorporating (FSFA) and RHA has satisfied the workability requirements of concrete
to be used for normal construction work. Furthermore, a substantial reduction in CS has been
noted in the early days of the mixes made with higher quantity of RHA and FSFA; however,
improvement in strength parameters has been seen in later days. The results of STS, FS, RN and
UPV of mixes follow a similar trend to the CS for all mixes examined in the current investigation.
Overall, the outcomes of this study conclude that the concrete characteristics considered for of
this work are not significantly influenced with the inclusion of FSFA in place of natural sand.
However, the reduction in concrete behaviour has been detected with the use of higher RHA (%).
Further, the present study recommends for the utilisation of 10%–15% RHA and 10% FSFA in
concrete for various applications.
Properties of mortars with fly ash as fine aggregate
Author links open overlay panelTurhanBiliraOsmanGencelbIlker BekirTopcuc
a
Bülent Ecevit University, Department of Civil Engineering, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
b
Bartin University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, 74100 Bartin,
Turkey.
Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Civil Engineering, 26480 Eskişehir,
Turkey
Received 21 February 2015, Revised 24 March 2015, Accepted 1 May 2015, Available
online 21 May 2015, Version of Record 21 July 2015.
ABSTRACT.
Coal power plants produce million tons waste fly ash worldwide that cause environmental problem
and threaten people health. Moreover, its depoting costs are high and need extensively large depot
areas. Recycling is a strategy to consume waste content left from several industries. Although fly ash
has been used in cement and concrete technology. In concrete technology it has been used as
supplementary cementitious material or replacement material with a portion of cement until now.
But, it has not been considered as fine aggregate. In this study, the effect of fly ash as fine aggregate
in mortars is investigated. Flow ability, unit weight, ultrasound pulse velocity, compressive and
flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, stress–strain behavior and free drying and restrained
shrinkage tests were conducted on mortars produced. It was observed that the usage of fly ash as fine
aggregate presents a new approach to consume high amount of fly ash without causing significant
changes on properties of mortars when it was used at the ratio of 60–70%.
SAMPLES OF ELEMENTS
Tests which are conducted .
• Finess of cement
• Specific gravity of cement
• Consistency of cement
• Initial & final setting time of cement
• Particle size analysis test on sand/chips
• Specific gravity & water absorption test of cement
 FINENESS OF CEMENT : -
OBSERVATION TABLE

Sample No. Weight of cement taken Weight of cement No. of weight retained on
(W1)gm retained on sieve after sieve (W1/W2)*100
sieving
Sample 1 100 7gm 7%
Sample 2 100 7gm 7%
Sample 3 100 8gm 8%
CALCULATIONS

• Sample 1
fineness = (w2/w1)*100
= (7/100)*100
= 7%
• Sample 2
fineness = (w2/w1) *100
= (7/100)*100
= 7%
• Sample 3
fineness = (w2/w1)*100
= (8/100)*100
= 8%
Average value = 22/3= 7.33
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT
OBSERVATION TABLE

Sl no. Weight of the empty Weight of the Weight of Bottle + Weight of Jar + Weight of Jar +
Bottle(M1)gm Bottle + Cement + Kerosene(M4) Water(M5)
Cement(M2)gm Kerosene(M3)
1 33.4 83.58 107.42 72.94 83.13
2 33.3 83.3 107.14 72.11 83.30
3 33.4 84.10 108.52 73.2 83.20
• Calculation
Special gravity of kerosene
Specific gravity of cement : -
SAMPLE 1

SAMPLE 2

SAMPLE 3
2.60

AVERAGE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT = 2.58

CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT
OBSERVATION TABLE
Sl no. Type/grade Manufactur Wt of Quantity of % of water Unpenetrat Remarks
of cement e Brand Cement water added ed depth
sample added in(mm)

1 PPC Ultratech 300gm 75ml 25% 35mm

Cement
2 PPC Ultratech 300gm 87ml 29% 34mm
Cement
3 PPC Ultratech 300gm 93ml 33% 31mm
Cement
4 PPC Ultratech 300gm 99ml 37% 9mm
Cement

Result : -
Standard Consistency ( % of water by weight of dry cement) = 37%
 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SAND

OBSERVATION TABLE : -

Sieve Size Mass retained Cumulative mass Cumulative % of Cumulative % of

retained mass retained mass passing
through
4.75mm 3 3 0.3% 97%
2.36mm 8 11 1.1% 98.9%
1.18mm 47 58 5.8% 94.2%
600u 97 155 15.5% 84.5%
300u 575 730 73.0% 27%
150u 251 981 98.1% 1.9%
Pan 19 1000 100% 0
Total 1000 293.8%
• CALCULATION
Fineness modules =
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE
OBSERVATION TABLE

Sieve size Mass retained(gm) Cumulative mass Cumulative % of mass Cumulative % of mass
retained(gm) retained passing through
80mm 0 0 0 100
40mm 0 0 0 100
20mm 736 736 14.72 85.28
10mm 386 4602 92.04 7.96
4.75mm 389 4991 99.82 0.18
2.36mm 0 0 0 0
1.18mm 0 0 0 0
600u 0 0 0 0
300u 0 0 0 0
150u 0 0 0 0
Pan 9 5000 100 0
Total 306.58
• Calculations
fineness modules =
Conclusion
As per the current research, it is visualized that samples of concrete with fly ash and
ferrochrome ash Cement, 30% Fly Ash + 3% Ferrochrome Ash, has the maximum
compressive strength. The sample having an age of 56 days yielded the highest
compressive strength for the partially replaced concrete. Compressive strength is
directly proportional to flexural strength in this study, and it was also observed that the
monetary requirements for the manufacture of concrete with OPC are significantly
more than that of concrete produced by partial replacement of its constituents.