1. Read the rules of Past Perfect and the examples.

• Past Perfect is formed: had + 3rd form of the verb had gone hadn’t gone
• Past Perfect is used:
a. for a past action which happened before another past action or before a stated
past time
- e.g. The plane HAD LEFT when I arrived to the airport b. for a
complete action
- e.g. The grass was wet because it HAD RAINED the night before.
c. as the past equivalent of Present Perfect
- e.g. She had chatted for 5 weeks when they finally met .

• Time expressions used with Past Perfect before, after, just, yet, already, for, since,
ever, never, till/until, when by, by the time, etc.

2. Complete the sentences using the words in brackets. You will need to add
articles, prepositions etc.

1. Louise wasn’t hungry because she had (have) a big lunch in a vegetarian restaurant.
2. I didn’t know who she was because I had not met (not meet) her before.
3. The police arrived because somebody had robbed (rob) the local bank.
4. John couldn’t come to the classes yesterday because he had broken
(break) his leg in a skiing accident)
5. Laura didn’t want to go to the cinema because she had seen
(see) the film before.

. 3) Fill in the gaps with the past perfect in the affirmative form.

a) Paul had spend (spend) his holiday in Holland.

b) They had already done (do) their work.
c) She had asked (ask) that question before.
d) I had never seen (see) such a thing.
e) We had been (be) there before.
f) The boys had destroyed (destroy) the garden.
g) The children had broken (break) the vase.
h) He had already arrived (arrive) from Venice.
i) They had never been (be) to Taiwan.
j) I had never arrived (arrive) late at school.

4) Rewrite the sentences in: 1- negative form; 2- interrogative form.

a) Jason had studied German last year.

1. Jason had not studied German last year.
2. Had Jason studied German last year?
b) Carol had bought a new dress for the party.
2) Carol had not bought a new dress for the party
 3) Had Carol bought a new dres for the party?
I had lived in that house for three years.
1) I had not lived in that house for three years.
4) Had I lived in that house for three years?
b) It had rained all night.
1)It had not rained all night
2) Had it rained all night?
They had been to Saudi Arabia before.
1) They had not been to Saudi Arabia before
2) Had they been to Suadi Arabia before?

c) We had met our friends at the club.

1) We had not met our friends at the club
2) Had we met our friends at the club?
d) He had wasted his money playing cards.
1) He had not wasted his money playing cards
2) Had he wasted his money playing cards?

e) I had read that book before.

1) I had not read that book before
2) Had i read that book before?