COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

1
Reading and Writing – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Edition, 2019

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors:
Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Rommel C. Bautista, CESO V (SDS), Elias A. Alicaya Jr., Ed.D
(ASDS), Ivan Brian L. Inductivo (ASDS), Elpidia B. Bergado, Ed.D (Chief, CID), name
(EPS-subject), Noel S. Ortega (EPS-LRMS), Leonila L. Custodio, RL (Librarian II), Julie
Anne V. Vertudes (PDO II – LRMS)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Cavite

Office Address: Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano

Trece Martires City, Cavite
Telefax: (046) 419 139 / 419-0328
E-mail Address: depedcavite.lrmd@deped.gov.ph

2
 What is This Module About?

Learning Competency
3. Distinguishes between and among patterns of development in writing across disciplines
e. comparison and contrast EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.5

Content Standard
The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and organized to
achieve a particular purpose.

Performance Standard
The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development focusing on
information, selection, organization, and development.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the writing patterns in paragraph development. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But
the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

The module contains one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – Comparison and Contrast

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate comparison and contrast as pattern in writing development
2. value the importance of knowing the appropriate pattern of development depending on the
writer’s purpose
3. write a paragraph using comparison and/or contrast pattern of development

3
 What I Know

Choose two subjects that you would like to compare and contrast. Use a Venn Diagram
to show their similarities and differences.

Lesson

1 Comparison and Contrast

Comparing people, things, places, events, situations, or even ideas is done to illustrate how
they are similar to each other. There is a need to identify the points of comparison and make a
list of similar characteristics or qualities for each point of comparison. Some words that
signal similarities are also, like, both, as . . . as, similarly, in the same way, equally
important, and likewise.

Below is an example of a comparison:

Mouse treated with MAC Mouse treated with MAC

WEIGHT LOSS Yes Yes
HAIR GROWTH None None
ENERGY LEVEL Low Low

The old formulation of the drug (MAC) and the new formulation (MAC-II) have similar
effects on the test mice. Within 7 days, both mice lost weight. Mouse A, which is treated
with MAC, lost 2.2 grams (g), while mouse B, which is treated with MAC-II, lost 2.4 g.
Also, there was no increase in hair growth on both subjects. Lastly, the mice similarly
exhibited
In low energy
the example, levels.are
two mice Mouse A started
compared. to point
Each becomeof lethargic on day
comparison (i.e.,4,weight
while mouse B
loss, hair
became lethargic on day 5.
growth, and energy level) is drawn. Notice how the words both and similarly are used to
signal comparison.

4
Contrasting people, things, places, events, situations, or ideas, on the other hand, is done to
illustrate their differences from each other. To do this, you need to make a list of the
characteristics or qualities of the subjects and then identify the differences between them.
Some words that signal contrast are but, however, though, on the other hand, and in contrast.

Below is an example of a paragraph that shows contrast between two things.

Unicorn Bust
FUNDING More than 1 million Less than goal
MARKET INTEREST High Low
PRODUCT Novel Mediocre

In the venture capital industry, a start-up company can either be a “unicorn” or a “bust.”
Unicorns have a valuation of over 1 million, a high market interest, and a novel product.
On the other hand, busts fail to reach their minimum funding goal, have a low market
interest, and have a mediocre product.

In the example, two types of start-up companies are contrasted. Their different characteristics
are stated in two separate sentences connected by the phrase on the other hand .

A paragraph that shows comparison and contrast has a unifying idea or purpose. There
must be a balance in such a way that there is an equal amount of information for each subject
to avoid bias.

Take a look at the following example:

Da Vinci Michaelangelo
TALENTED ARTIST Yes Yes
INTERESTED IN ANATOMY Yes Yes
STYLE Feminine, light Masculine, dark

Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo are regarded as two of the greatest artists of
the Renaissance. Both were geniuses; they mastered techniques that made them superior to
their contemporaries. They were also similarly interested in anatomy, which helped them
produce highly realistic works. However, they each had a distinct style. Da Vinci
developed a style that was feminine and full of light. On the other hand, Michelangelo
preferred his works to be masculine and dark.

In the example, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo are compared and contrasted to show
both their greatness and individuality as artists. Their similarities were mentioned first,

5
 What’s More

Go back to the Venn diagram that you made earlier and write a paragraph using the
comparison and contrast pattern of development.

What I Have Learned

Question: Why is it important to familiarize oneself in the writing patterns of

development?

Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in writing discusses
elements that are different. A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two subjects by
comparing them, contrasting them, or both. The key to a good compare-and-contrast essay is
to choose two or more subjects that connect in a meaningful way. The purpose of conducting
the comparison or contrast is not to state the obvious but rather to illuminate subtle
differences or unexpected similarities. A comparison and contrast writing compares two
similar objects, or contrasts dissimilar objects, in a way that readers become informed about
the advantages and disadvantages of both the objects. Readers are then able to weigh pros and
cons of the objects compared and contrasted.

Assessment

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. __________________ is identifying the similarities between subjects.
2. __________________ is identifying the differences between subjects.
3. The two books that I have read recently are quite similar. The first one has a heroine who
fights against abusive people. Similarly, the heroine of the other novel goes against a
company that exploits its employees. Nonetheless, I enjoyed reading both. Which word(s) in
the paragraph signals comparison?
4. These two brands of chocolates have a distinct aroma and taste. Chocolate A smells a little
bit of mint. Even the taste is minty, but it does not overpower the sweetness of the chocolate.
On the other hand, Chocolate B tastes like coconut and peanut butter. The smell is still
enticing though. Which phrase in the paragraph signals contrast?
5. What kind of graphic organizer can be best used to show comparison and contrast?

6
 Answer Key

Assessment (Lesson 2)

1. compare
2. contrast
3. similarly
4. on the other hand
5. venn diagram

References
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-engl111/chapter/comparecontrast-essays/

Quipper

Prepared by:

AIRYN A. LOYOLA
SHS Teacher
Gen. Vito Belarmino Integrated National High School