EXEMPLIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION

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Reading and Writing – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Edition, 2019

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Published by the Department of Education

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(EPS-subject), Noel S. Ortega (EPS-LRMS), Leonila L. Custodio, RL (Librarian II), Julie
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 What is This Module About?

Learning Competency
3. Distinguishes between and among patterns of development in writing across disciplines
d. exemplification/ classification EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.4

Content Standard
The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and organized to
achieve a particular purpose.

Performance Standard
The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development focusing on
information, selection, organization, and development.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the writing patterns in paragraph development. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But
the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

The module contains one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – Exemplification and Classification

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate exemplification and classification as pattern of writing development
2. value the importance of knowing the appropriate pattern of development depending on the
writer’s purpose
3. write a paragraph using either exemplification or classification

What I Know

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Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What pattern of paragraph development shows the process of explaining something by
dividing or grouping it into types of categories?
a. exemplification c. comparison
b. classification d. contrast

2. What pattern of paragraph development shows or illustrates the characteristics of the rest
or the whole of something?
a. exemplification c. comparison
b. classification d. contrast

3. What part of the paragraph summarizes the main idea?

a. topic sentence c. supporting details
b. main idea d. sentence

4. What part of the paragraph shows the central thought of the larger section of the text?
a. topic sentence c. supporting details
b. main idea d. sentence

5. What part of the paragraph shows pieces of information that will help to elaborate or
explain the main idea?
a. topic sentence c. supporting details
b. main idea d. sentence

Lesson

1 Exemplification and Classification

Exemplification
Exemplification is a common and effective way to show or explain an idea or point (e.g.,
observation, opinion, belief). In this pattern of development, the writer explains the main idea
by giving an extended example or a series of detailed examples. Argumentative essays,
feature articles, reviews, reports, and case studies often use examples to prove a point. Below
is an example of a paragraph using exemplification. The text is adapted from “Philippine
Dance.”

The diversity of dances from the peoples of the Philippines, which are manifested in
different dynamics and forms, grew out of the various contexts and experiences of the people.
Many of the dances of the people from the mountains recall the sculptured heights and the
brave birds of the air. Such are the festival, courtship, and war dances of the Cordillera
groups. The dances of the people who live by the sea undulate like the waters and fishes,
seemingly unbound by time and space. An example is the pangalay of the Sama which is
danced languidly on the ground, or precariously on bamboo poles. The dances from the
lowlands spring directly from solid ground and are often gamesome and indulge in much
embellishment or ornamentation—with hand movements in the kumintang, with lighted
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glasses in the pandanggo sa ilaw, and with bamboo castanets in many a regional variety of
the jota.
The paragraph above expounds on the main idea, which is stated in the first sentence, through
specific examples. The examples, which are the different folk dances in the Philippines
support the main idea.

Classification
Classification refers to the sorting or arrangement of subjects (e.g., persons, places, things,
ideas) into groups or categories according to their common or shared characteristic. The
subjects can be grouped in many different ways depending on the writer’s purpose. With a
purpose in mind, you can determine how to group the subjects in your list. The group or
category should have a single basis of classification. Below is an example of a paragraph that
uses classification.

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) are composed of the Philippine Army,
the Philippine Air Force, the Philippine Navy, and the Philippine Marine Corps. The
Philippine Army, the main and largest branch, is responsible for ground warfare. It was
established on December 21, 1935, and it has 86,000 active personnel. The Philippine Air
Force is the aerial warfare service branch. It has 15,000 active personnel and a total of 126
aircraft. It has been active since July 1, 1947. The Philippine Navy is the naval service
branch. It was founded on May 20, 1898 and has a total of 101 ships and 24,000 active
personnel. The Philippine Marine Corps conducts amphibious and expeditionary warfare as
well as special operation missions. It was established on November 2, 1950, and it has 8,300
active personnel.

The paragraph above presents the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It
provides details about each branch, such as its function, date of establishment, and number of
active personnel. You can use both exemplification and classification in developing your
ideas in writing. Begin by classifying the ideas and then explain each one by giving
examples. Below is an example of this combination.

Pollution of air, land, and water affects people’s health. Toxic gases, particulate
matter (e.g., smoke, soot, dust), and other hazardous air pollutants can contaminate the air.
If breathed, the air causes or exacerbates serious respiratory problems, such as asthma,
bronchitis, emphysema, and lung disease. Toxic wastes like chemicals, garbage, pesticides,
and heavy metals make the land toxic. If people are exposed to such land, they can develop
skin problems, deformities, and certain types of cancer. Chemicals, sewage, fertilizers, and
other harmful substances can contaminate primary water sources like the oceans, seas,
rivers, lakes, and streams. Water from affected sources can cause stomach illness, liver
damage, certain types of cancer, and neurological problems in people.

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 The first sentence of the paragraph states the main idea, and the three types of pollution are
its subject. The sentences that follow provide support. They give examples of pollutants and
the health problems that those pollutants cause.

What’s More

To easily identify what pattern of development in writing a paragraph is more

appropriate to use, a writer must identify his/her purpose of writing. Providing a topic
sentence, main idea and supporting details are essential to create a meaningful writing.

Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow.

As more people send emails, three categories of emails have emerged--junk mail or
spam, nuisance mail, and the genuine personal mail. First, the junk emails or spams refer to get-
rich-quick schemes, invitations to various websites, and advertisements of unwanted products
and services. These are garbage and are the target of “delete” buttons. Second are the nuisance
emails that clog the electronic mailbox. They are emails that serve no purpose but to distract
people and waste their time, so they are deleted without being read. The third are the best kind
of emails. These are the genuine personal emails that come from family, friends, and
colleagues. These emails are welcome not only for their sincerity but also for their utility. These
emails make up for the frustration and boredom of the other two categories.

Analyze the paragraph structure.

1. What is the topic sentence?
2. What does the writer say about these types of emails? (controlling idea)
3. What are the supporting details provided? (examples or classification, whichever is used)
4. What signal words are used?
5. What is the purpose of the paragraph and the pattern of development used?

Write a paragraph using either exemplification or classification pattern of development. Combination of

the two may also be used. What I Can Do
Writing Prompts:

Exemplification

1. COVID-19 Pandemic

2. Enhanced Community Quarantine

Classification

1. Classification of social network users

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2. The different modes of teaching in time of pandemic

3. Study resources on the Web: online study platforms, university and library resources, educational
websites, educational blogs, online encyclopedias, etc.
 What I Have Learned

Exemplification

In developing a paragraph using exemplification or illustration, the writer develops a general

statement, the topic sentence, with one or more examples. Illustrations through clear and
specific examples help explain abstract ideas and clarify meaning in texts. This may be long
or short. Many writing assignments in various disciplines require the use of exemplification.

Classification
The purpose of a classification paragraph is to clearly define something and place it in a
group according to some basis or rule. You must first have a strong sense of purpose. Without
this sense of purpose, your system for classifying information may not meet your needs. This
pattern can be applied in various disciplines. Classifying current events by date, popular TV
shows by genre, viruses by mode of transmission, food products based on manufacturer, and
animals based on diet are some examples of topics in different disciplines.

Assessment

I. Multiple Choice. Analyze what pattern of writing development is described in each

paragraph. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Test questions generally fall into two categories, depending on how they are answered:
objective and subjective. The first kind, objective questions have definite right and wrong
answers. Multiple choice, matching, and fill-in-the-blank questions are objective. The

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questions in the second category are tougher. Subjective test items, such as short-answer and
essay questions have no single correct answer. There is a range of possible responses.
a. exemplification c. comparison
b. classification d. contrast

2. Muslim women are active, assertive and engaged in society. In Qatar, women make up the
majority of graduate-school students. The Iranian parliament has more women members than
the U.S. Senate. Throughout the world, many Muslim women are educated and professionally
trained.
a. exemplification c. comparison
b. classification d. contrast

3. People looking to lose weight have a few options: exercise, diet, weight lose pills, and
surgery. Exercising involves going to a gym, working out at home, or joining some sort of
class or sports team. Those who are dieting can talk to a doctor about a plan for them. Weight
lose pills can be taken, if proper precautions and directions are followed. Individuals who are
severely overweight can talk to a doctor about having surgery to lose weight.
a. exemplification c. comparison
b. classification d. contrast

4. Different students attend various types of schools: public, private religious, private non
religious, or alternative. Public schools are funded by the state. Private religious schools are
based around a particular faith and all private schools do not receive state funding.
Alternative schools can be made up of variety of different categories, such as the Montessori
program or technical schools.
a. exemplification c. comparison
b. classification d. contrast

5. Earth’s volcanoes occur because its crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that
float on a hotter, softer layer in its mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found
where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the
Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together.
a. exemplification c. comparison
b. classification d. contrast

Answer Key

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 What’s more?(Lesson 1) Assessment
(Lesson 1)
1. B
2. A 1. B
3. A 2. A
4. B 3. B
5. C 4. B
5. A

References

https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01QInVpzD2P0AweoPSvigCpMR64nQ
%3A1590640870375&source=hp&ei=5kDPXrf6E5O5wAP2obKIBg&q=exemplification+paragraph+exa
mple&oq=exemp&gs_lcp=ChFtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1ocBABGAAyBAgjECcyBAgjECcyBQgAEMsBMgUI
ABDLATIFCAAQywEyBQgAEMsBMgUIABDLATIFCAAQywE6BwgjEOoCECc6CQgjEOoCECcQEzoFCAAQg
wE6AggAOgYIIxAnEBM6AgguUJkRWNwYYLUfaAFwAHgAgAH8AYgBiQeSAQUwLjQuMZgBAKABAbABD
w&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-hp

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/what-are-examples-classification-paragraphs.html

Quipper
Prepared by:

AIRYN A. LOYOLA
SHS Teacher
Gen. Vito Belarmino Integrated National High School