Emission control

Conflicting Demands

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 Emission control strtaegy

In cylinder strategy After treatment technology

EGR

Downsizing

Component design optimization

and many more…

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Influence of
Injection Rate on Emissions

BSFC const

Low injection rate

Retarded SOI
High injection rate
 Pressure Potential of FIEs
2500
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Presenters: Hitesh Chaudhari & Madhu Reddy, 12 11/03/2013
Organized by Experts Hub for Anjuman College of
Engineering and Technology,Nagpur
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Global Scenario- 1

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Global Scenario- 2

The technical measures involved here are:

Fully variable valve timing

Double VANOS

Low-end torque at 1350 rpm (116i)

Characteristic-map-regulated oil pump

Friction-optimised basic engine

Water pump that can be enabled with optimised
thermal management

Gearbox configuration with a wide spread
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 Opportunities in Energy Conservation
Gasoline Diesel

Gasoline direct injection
Improved injection system

Charging + downsizing
Charge air optimization

Cylinder deactivation
Downsizing

Variable valve actuation
Exhaust gas treatment to improve

Mixture formation trade-off between consumption

Variable compression ratio & pollutant emissions

Controlled auto ignition

Downspeeding

Energy management

Weight reduction

Automatic transmission control

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Global Scenario -3

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Scope of Energy conservation
Qin Source- Heywood

Useful
Qloss

Wloss

Wout

Engine –for ref only

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Brake Power

Source- Heywood

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Emissions Nox, CO, HC, PM= g/kWh

Decrease emissions for same power

or
Increase power for same emissions

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Downsizing
same power, decrease engine swept volume

Swept Power
Power Speed Weight
Engine volume density
litre kW rpm kW/l Response
A 1.5 80 3800 53.33 emissions
B 1.05 80 3800 76.19

Downspeeding
Same power, decrease rated engine speed

Swept
Power Speed Torque Friction
Engine volume
litre kW rpm Nm
emissions
A 1.5 80 4000 190.99
B 1.5 80 3800 201.04

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 Is Downsizing is Justified?

The power that an engine delivers is a function of the

product of its torque and the number of revolutions, any
increase in torque makes it possible to increase power.

Internal friction of an engine is directly related to the
dimensions of the components that are in contact. The
larger the engine, the larger the surfaces in contact, so
the higher the friction and the more energy needlessly
lost during running. This energy comes directly
from fuel.

The weight of the engine itself penalizes vehicle
performance and fuel consumption
Evolution of Gasoline Engine Specific Power
CO2 Reduction Due to Downsizing
Petrol Downsizing
 Problems with Downsizing

1. Low end torque and

transient torque
response.
2. High Exhaust
Temperatures
3. Overall cost to the
customer