METALS AND NON METALS

Give scientific reasons:–

1) Stainless steel vessels in kitchens have copper coating on the bottom.

Answer:
1. Stainless steel vessels are made of an alloy of iron, carbon, chromium and nickel.
2. Conductivity of copper is higher than that of steel.
3. Copper heats uniformly , faster and saves fuel.
4. Hence, the stainless steel vessels in the kitchen have copper coating at the bottom.

2) Copper and brass vessels are cleaned with lemon.

Answer:
1. Copper undergoes oxidation and forms black copper oxide .
2. Copper oxide slowly reacts with carbon dioxide and a green coat of copper carbonate is
formed.
3. Lemon contains acid which dissolves copper carbonate and makes them shiny again.
4. Hence, Copper and brass vessels are cleaned with lemon.
3) Sodium metal is kept in kerosene.
Answer:
1. Sodium is a very reactive metal.
2. It reacts vigorously with the atmospheric oxygen and catches fire .
3. If it is kept in water , it reacts with it and forms sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas is
liberated.
4. Hence, sodium is kept in kerosene .

4) Answer the following:–

5. What is done to prevent corrosion of metals?
a) To prevent corrosion of metals, layers of oil, grease, varnish, and paint are applied on
them.
b) Plating with another non corroding metal is done.
c) Corrosion of iron is arrested by zinc plating.
d) Due to these processes, contact of metal surface with air is lost and corrosion can be
prevented.
2) What are the adverse effects of corrosion ?
Answer:
a) Loss of valuable metals such as blockage of pipes, mechanical damage of underground
water pipes.
b) Accidents due to mechanical loss of metallic aircrafts, etc. causes pollution due to
escaping products from pollution.
c) Depletion of natural resources.
d) Damage to bridge support that could cause a bridge failure.
e) Loss of efficiency.
f) Contamination of products.
g) Damage of metallic equipment.

3) What is corrosion?
Answer:
Gases in the air react with metals in the presence of moisture to form metal compounds.
Metals get affected by this process and undergo what is called corrosion .
 Metals Non- metals
1. Metals exist in solid state Non-metals exist in all three states.
exceptions are mercury , gallium which are in liquid
state.
2. Metals are lustrous . Non-metals have no shine
Except diamond.
3. Metals are hard, except sodium and potassium Non-metals are brittle.
which are soft and can be cut with a knife.
4. They are ductile and malleable . Non-metals are neither ductile and malleable .

5. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and
electricity.

6. Metals have high density , except sodium , Non-metals have low density.
potassium , lithium .
7. Metals have high melting and boiling points. Non-metals have low melting and boiling points.

8. Metals possess the property of sonority. Non-metals don’t possess the property of
sonority.