Q1.

Why we need VTP to reduce the network complexity in switch

domain network and also differentiate the three-switch domain mode
in VTP. Consider the following scenario and configure the VTP mode
in switch domain network and upload the complete CLI file with screen
shot of each configure switch.
Ans: Explanation
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that uses the properties of
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) on the whole local area network and thus make
configuration easier. Before moving to VTP preference over VLAN, we need to see what
the drawbacks were of using VLAN for larger networks. Some of the drawbacks are
mentioned below.

➢ Additional routers were required to control the workload because there

was limitations of equipment in large networks
➢ Similarly, in order to communicate VLAN(s), we needed a router.
➢ Management of lot of VLANs was harder, time taking and complex.

So, there was a need of another protocol, that would guarantee smooth communication
among the switches in the network.

VTP
A VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) domain is one switch or several interconnected
switches sharing the same VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) environment.

Preference of VTP for larger networks

• By using VTP, we can add and delete VLANs.

• It allows us to make changes to VLAN configurations.
• Without VTP you would have to add a VLAN manually to each switch; with VTP
you can add a VLAN to one switch
• Propagation of switches throughout the VTP domain is made much easier.
• Switches in a VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) domain advertise
other VLAN attributes to their VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) domain neighbors.
Therefore, the complexity in the networks in reduced.
• VTP provide three domain modes, which have their own set of properties and
tasks. The use of each mode is discussed below.
• So, these additional benefits proved to be very beneficial for large networks where
they do not require extra equipment and implementation of VLANs on all the
switches.
Switch Domain Modes of VTP
Three of the below domain modes take place in VTP.
• Server Mode
• Client Mode
• Transparent Mode
Difference Between three switch domain mode in VTP

Server Mode Client Mode Transparent Mode

As the name suggests Client mode switches Transparent mode does not
itself, it is the default mode communicate with other take part in VTP.
for all the switches. switches. For instance,
they listen to other switches
requirements and modify
their configurations
according to their
requirements.

It is compulsory to have Client mode is dependent A VTP transparent switch

one server in order to on server mode or else it has a unique role to play as
propagate VLAN cannot be informed about it does not advertise its
information between the the VLAN changes. VLAN configuration.
domains.
In VTP server mode, one In VTP client mode, one Although they do not take
can cannot create, add, or part in VTP but in this
create, add, or delete delete VLANs. mode, switches can receive
VLANs of a VTP domain. and forward VTP
Similarly, we can also advertisements.
change VLAN information
in a VTP Server.

Network Diagram
Switch 16 (Server)

Trunk Mode
Switch 17 Client

Switch 16 (3) Transparent

Switch 16 (2) Client

Switch 18 Client
Switch 20 Client

Switch 16 (6) Transparent

Output

Question # 3(14)
Why multinational companies use OSPF rather than other protocol. Configure the
following network in packet tracer and upload the complete CLI file for each router.

Ans: Multinational companies use OSPF for the following reasons.

➢ Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)

standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and commonly used
in large Enterprise networks.

➢ OSPF is a link-state routing protocol providing fast convergence and excellent

scalability. Like all link-state protocols, OSPF is very efficient in its use of network
bandwidth.
➢ The complete knowledge of topology allows routers to calculate routes that satisfy
particular criteria.

➢ This can be useful for traffic engineering purposes, where routes can be
constrained to meet particular quality of service requirements.
Network Diagram

Configuration for fast ethernet port

Router 8

Router 4
Router 5

Router 6
Router 7

CONFIGURATION FOR SERIAL PORT:

Router 8
Router 4
Router 5
Router 6
Router 7

OSPF 1 (AREA 1) CONFIGURATION:

OSPF 2 (AREA 2) CONFIGURATION:

OSPF 3 (AREA 3) CONFIGURATION:

OSPF 4 (AREA 4) CONFIGURATION:

Router 6

Router 7

Question # 2 (12)

Consider the following scenario in which you have to configure the RIP
V2 in packet tracer . You justify that this network is best way for
communication of data between two cities like Lahore and Islamabad
if not then give the valid reason about this network .
Ans:

Network Diagram
 Configuration of Routers

Note:

HEADINGS of routers are according to the image provided in the Question 2 of

DCN LAB FINAL paper.

Router 1
Router 2
Router 3
Router 4
Router 5
Router 6
Router 7
Router 8
Router 9
Router 10

This network is the best , suitable best way for communication of data between two cities like
Lahore and Islamabad if not then give the valid reason about this network . Because not all countries
are connected with each other. Therefore, finding the shortest path between Islamabad and Lahore is
difficult.