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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views34 pages

    H8

    Uploaded by

    Vimal Raj

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 34
    Drilling and Well Completion Casing Casin, Casing : Sealing off the well by lining the inside of the borehole with steel pipe, known ac casing. Purposes of casing: 1. To prevent the hole from caving im 2. To seal off touble some zone like high- pressured zones. weak and fractured formations, unconsolidated formations ete. 3. Onshore - to prevent contamination of fresh water sands 4, To prevent water migration to producing formation 5. To seal off lost circulation zones Casing I CONDUCTOR CASING (18 5/8°-30") Casing! It 1s generally set at approximately 100ft below the ground level or seabed andcemented upto surface Functions : Its finetion is to seal off unconsolidated formatians at shallow depths which, with continuous mud circulation, would be washed away. Provide protection against shallow gas zones. To protect the foundation of the platform in off-shore operations, 11s used fo supporr subsequent casing stings and well neag equipment or alternatively the pipe is cut off at the surface after selling ‘Where conditions are favorable the conductor may be driven into the formation and in this case the conductor is referred to as a stove pipe. Casing SURFACE CASING (Normal size 13 3/8" 18 5/8"or 20") Kun after the conductor and is generally set at approximately 1000 - 1500 ft below the ground level or the seabed. Should be set in competent rocks. Functions : ‘To prevent caving of weak formations and maintain hole integrity. Cover fresh water sands and prevent their contamination by fluids ‘from deeper formation Minimize lost circulation into shallow permeable zones, Provide a means for attaching the BOP Support the weight of all casing strings (except liners) run below the surface pipes. Casing INTERMEDIATE CASING (Normal size- 95/8” 13 3/8”) Itts set at a depth between the surface and production casing Functions: Inolatc troublesome formations (abnormal formation pressures, lost circulation, unstable shales and salt section.) between the surface easing éetting depth and the production casing setting depth Good cementation of this casing must be ensured to prevent communication behind the casing between the lower hydrocarbon zones and upper water formations Longer cement columns are sometimes necessary to prevent casing, buckling. Multi-stage cementation may be opted for. Casin: PRODUCTION CASING (Normal size -5” - 7”) Set above, mid-way or below pay zone Functions : Isolate the producing zone from other formations (e.g, water bearing sands). Provide a work shaft of a known diameter to the pay zone. protect the production tubing and other equipments, Casing LINERS Normal size-7” 9 5/8” A short (usually less than S000f) casing string which is suspended figin de inside of the previous casing suing by a device known as a liner hanger. The liner hanger is attached to the top joint of the casing in the string The liner hanger consists of a collar which has hydraulically or mechanically set slips (teeth) which, when activated, rip the inside of the previous string of casing. These slips support the weight of the liner and therefore the Tiner does nat have to extend hack np to the wellhead Casin: LINERS Normal size-7” - 9 5/8” Liners are used for the same purpose as intermediate casing. Drilling liners are used w isolate fost circulation or abnormally pressured zones to permit deeper drilling Production liners are run instead of a full casing to provide isolation across the production or injection zones. Casing ADVANTAGES OF LINERS A shorter length of casing string is required, and this results in a significant cost reduction; Low cost completion. The liner is run on drillpipe, and theretore less rig time is required to run the string; The liner can be rotated during cementing operations. Casin, Properties ( specifications) of casing Casing Size (Outside Diameter - 0.D.) Tength of casing Casing Weight Casing Grade Connections Casing Size The outside diameter (0.D.) of the main body ot the tubular Tubwlars with an OT) af less than 4.5” are called Tubing The casing string configuration e.g. 20°x 13 3/8" x 9 5/8" xT” mom COG) Casin; Length of casing Range | Length] Average a Length ny Teas a z Ba ir T ar a Table API length ranges Weight of casing Nominal weight Approximate weight for identification The plain end weight (Wpe) : weight without the ducad - pyaar and coupling Te Wpe=10.68(D-t)t Ib/ft ———EE oT Table? 9518 Cane weits Casing} Plain end weight: Excludes theauls & couplings ~ 10.68(D-)t (b/N) Threaded and coupled weight Itis the average wt. of a joint including the threads at both ends & a coupling at one end when power tight. W=1/20[Wpe{20-(N+2I)/24] +coupling wt -wt. removed in threading two pipe ends. (Ib/tt)] N =coupling length (inch) J =Distance from end of pipe to centre of coupling (inch) Wpe =Plain end wt. (Ib/ft) Casing Grade of casing Grade is designated by a letter, and a number. The letter refers to the chemical composition of the material [= and the number refers to the (=5_[Se" [wer [= minimum yield strength of Seer ee the material e.g. N-80 casing | -rs—} 0p x has a. minimum yield. (™—[ =" [rrr |e strength of 80000 psi and K- Fe ert te 55 has a minimum yield -5r—pser pear strength of 55000 psi. Table 3 Casing grades and properties Casing Connections Short thread connection (STC) : 8 threads per inch + long thread connection (LTC) : longer coupling, for better strength and sealing + Buttress thread connection (BTC) : flat crests, with the front and back cut at different angles. a + ee ee Casing Connections STC and LTC : Bight round threads per inch, having V- shape with an included angle af 60°. Clearance between crests after mating = 0.003 in. approx. to be filled with specral sealing compound. BTC . Capable of ausuilting higher axial luads than API round threaded coupling, It has 5 threads per inch. [NSN Casin, Connections Extreme line (EL) Externally and internally threaded on intcrnal-eatemnal upsct onds.

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