SUMMER TRAINING 2020

REPORT
Advanced Data Science with IBM &
Bionic Robotic Arm

Abstract
Deep understanding on massive parallel data processing, data exploration and visualization, and advanced machine learning &
deep learning. You'll understand the mathematical foundations behind all machine learning & deep learning algorithms.

Circuit Designing and working of bionic arm.

Under the Supervision of : Submitted by :
Mr. Jatinder Singh Deval Pareek
Assistant Professor (UE195003

Data Science Courses and Bionic Robotic Arm project under DIC

A REPORT

Submitted by

DEVAL PAREEK

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SECTOR 25, CHANDIGARH

PANJAB UNIVERSITY: CHANDIGARH 160014

JUNE 2020

ABSTARCT

Apache Spark is the de-facto standard for large scale data processing. It is crucial for success to start learning a
scalable data science platform since memory and CPU constraints are to most limiting factors when it comes to
building advanced machine learning models.

Apache Spark using python and pyspark. Apache Spark is introduced to learn how to apply it to compute basic
exploratory and data pre-processing tasks. Also introduced to the most fundamental statistical measures and data
visualization technologies.

IBM is currently creating and giving easy access to the invaluable insights into Supervised and Unsupervised
Machine Learning Models used by experts in many field relevant disciplines. Fundamentals of Linear Algebra to
understand how machine learning modes work. Then the most popular Machine Learning Frameworks for
python Scikit-Learn and SparkML. SparkML is making up the greatest portion of this course since scalability is
key to address performance bottlenecks. Learn how to tune the models in parallel by evaluating hundreds of
different parameter-combinations in parallel. Continuously used a real-life example from IoT (Internet of
Things), for exemplifying the different algorithms.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. CONTENT Page No.

1. Abstract 3
2. Acknowledgement 5
3. Introduction to IoT and Embedded systems 6
4. IoT vs Embedded Systems 9
5. Hardware and Software 11
6. Networking and internet 15
7. The Arduino Platform 16
8. Arduino Schematics 19
9. Arduino IDE 20
10. Debugging 23
11. Interfacing with Arduino 24
12. EEPROM 28
13. Ethernet Shield 29
14. Future of IoT Embedded Systems 30
15. Future of Arduino 31
16. Conclusion

17. References 31

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many

individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Ian Harris (Professor, University of California, Irvine) and Dr. Sarvjit Singh for their guidance and

constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in

completing the project. Also, I would like to thank our incharge Dr. Charu Madhu who guided during the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in

completion of this project. My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleagues in developing the project and people who

have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

INTRODUCTION

What is Data Science?

Data science is an inter-disciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to
extract knowledge and insights from many structural and unstructured data. Data science is related to data
mining, deep learning and big data.
Data science is a "concept to unify statistics, data analysis, machine learning, domain knowledge and their related
methods" in order to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. It uses techniques and theories
drawn from many fields within the context of mathematics, statistics, computer science, domain knowledge and
information science. Turing award winner Jim Gray imagined data science as a "fourth paradigm" of science
(empirical, theoretical, computational and now data-driven) and asserted that "everything about science is
changing because of the impact of information technology" and the data deluge.

Foundation -
Data science is an interdisciplinary field focused on extracting knowledge from data sets, which are
typically large (see big data). The field encompasses analysis, preparing data for analysis, and presenting
findings to inform high-level decisions in an organization. As such, it incorporates skills from computer
science, mathematics, statistics, information visualization, graphic design, and business. Statistician
Nathan Yau, drawing on Ben Fry, also links data science to human-computer interaction: users should be
able to intuitively control and explore data. In 2015, the American Statistical Association identified
database management, statistics and machine learning, and distributed and parallel systems as the three
emerging foundational professional communities.
What is Machine Learning (ML)?

Machine learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. It is
seen as a subset of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model based on
sample data, known as "training data", in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly
programmed to do so. Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as email
filtering and computer vision, where it is difficult or infeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the
needed tasks.

Machine learning is closely related to computational statistics, which focuses on making predictions using
computers. The study of mathematical optimization delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field
of machine learning. Data mining is a related field of study, focusing on exploratory data analysis through
unsupervised learning. In its application across business problems, machine learning is also referred to as
predictive analytics.

Machine learning involves computers discovering how they can perform tasks without being explicitly
programmed to do so. It involves computers learning from data provided so that they carry out certain tasks. For
simple tasks assigned to computers, it is possible to program algorithms telling the machine how to execute all
steps required to solve the problem at hand; on the computer's part, no learning is needed. For more advanced
tasks, it can be challenging for a human to manually create the needed algorithms. In practice, it can turn out to
be more effective to help the machine develop its own algorithm, rather than have human programmers specify
every needed step.

The discipline of machine learning employs various approaches to teach computers learn to accomplish tasks
where no fully satisfactory algorithm is available. In cases where vast numbers of potential answers exist, one
approach is to label some of the correct answers as valid. This can then be used as training data for the computer
to improve the algorithm(s) it uses to determine correct answers. For example, to train a system for the task of
digital character recognition, the MNIST dataset has often been used.
Machine learning approaches:

Machine learning approaches are traditionally divided into three broad categories, depending on the nature of the
"signal" or "feedback" available to the learning system:

I. Supervised learning: The computer is presented with example inputs and their desired outputs, given by a
"teacher", and the goal is to learn a general rule that maps inputs to outputs.
II. Unsupervised learning: No labels are given to the learning algorithm, leaving it on its own to find
structure in its input. Unsupervised learning can be a goal in itself (discovering hidden patterns in data) or
a means towards an end (feature learning).
III. Reinforcement learning: A computer program interacts with a dynamic environment in which it must
perform a certain goal (such as driving a vehicle or playing a game against an opponent). As it navigates
its problem space, the program is provided feedback that's analogous to rewards, which it tries to
maximise.
Course 1 - Fundamentals of Scalable Data Science - by IBM

Prerequisites recommended for the course:

• Basic programming skills in python
• Basic math
• Basic SQL

After completing this course, I am able to:

• Describe how basic statistical measures, are used to reveal patterns within the data.
• Recognize data characteristics, patterns, trends, deviations or inconsistencies, and potential outliers.
• Identify useful techniques for working with big data such as dimension reduction and feature selection
methods.
• Use advanced tools and charting libraries to: o improve efficiency of analysis of big-data with partitioning and
parallel analysis o Visualize the data in an number of 2D and 3D formats (Box Plot, Run Chart, Scatter Plot,
Pareto Chart, and Multidimensional Scaling)

Technologies used in this course:

• Jupyter notebooks (by IBM Watson Studio for free)
• ApacheSpark (by IBM Watson Studio for free)
• Python (version 3.6)
A mechanical arm -

A mechanical arm is a machine that mimics the action of a human arm. Mechanical arms are composed of
multiple beams connected by hinges powered by actuators. One end of the arm is attached to a firm base while
the other has a tool. They can be controlled by humans either directly or over a distance. A computer-controlled
mechanical arm is called a robotic arm. However, a robotic arm is just one of many types of different mechanical
arms.

Mechanical arms can be as simple as tweezers or as complex as prosthetic arms. In other words, if a mechanism
can grab an object, hold an object, and transfer an object just like a human arm, it can be classified as a
mechanical arm.

Recent advancements have been brought about to lead future improvements in the medical field with prosthetics
and with the mechanical arm in general. When mechanical engineers build complex mechanical arms, the goal is
for the arm to perform a task that ordinary human arms can not complete

What is Bionic Robotic Arm?

Bionic arm are worn by people with upper limb differences. Bionic arms work by picking up signals from a
user’s muscles. When a user puts on their bionic arm and flexes muscles in their residual limb just below their
elbow; special sensors detect tiny naturally generated electric signals, and convert these into intuitive and
proportional bionic hand movement. The bionic hand is controlled by tensing the same muscles which are used to
open and close a biological hand.