See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/337914379

The Importance of the Linear Fuzzifier in Fuzziness Indexing

Presentation · December 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23074.79040

CITATIONS READS

0 429

3 authors:

Hafijur Rahman Gour Paul

Gono Bishwabidyalay University of Rajshahi
7 PUBLICATIONS   0 CITATIONS    59 PUBLICATIONS   252 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Md Sahadat Hossain
University of Rajshahi
43 PUBLICATIONS   136 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Ministry of Science and Technology of Bangladesh with G.O. No. 39.009.002.01.00.053.2014–2015/BS–1/ ES–34 and a grant from the Dean of the faculty of science of the
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh with No. 673−5/52/UGC Project/Science−8/2014. View project

Wave breaking and bubble formation associate energy dissipation and wave setup View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Hafijur Rahman on 12 December 2019.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing
The Importance of the Linear
Hafijur et al. Fuzzifier in Fuzziness Indexing
1/14

Objectives

Literature
Hafijur Rahman, Gour Chandra Paul, Sahadat Hossain
Survey

Introduction Department of Mathematics

University of Rajshahi
Preliminaries
Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
Results &
Discussion

Conclusion December 6–8, 2019

References st
21 International Mathematics Conference 2019
Dhaka University
Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
 Outlines

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness 1 Objectives
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
2/14 2 Literature Survey
Objectives

Literature 3 Introduction
Survey

Introduction

Preliminaries
4 Preliminaries
Results &
Discussion
5 Importance of the Linear Fuzzifier
Conclusion

References
6 Conclusion
 Objectives

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
3/14

Objectives
Purpose
Literature
Survey To represent the importance of the
Introduction

Preliminaries linear fuzzifier in fuzziness indexing.

Results &
Discussion

Conclusion

References
 Literature Survey

The
Importance of
the Linear Literature Review
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing
Pal SK, King RA (1981) Image enhancement using
Hafijur et al.
smoothing with fuzzy sets. IEEE Transactions on Systems,
4/14 Man, and Cybernetics 11(7):494–500
Objectives Haußecker H, Tizhoosh HR (2000) Fuzzy image
Literature
Survey
processing. In: Computer Vision and Applications,
Introduction
Elsevier, pp 541–576
Preliminaries Acharya T, Ray AK (2005) Image Processing: Principles
Results &
Discussion
and Applications. John Wiley & Sons
Conclusion Chaira T, Ray AK (2009) Fuzzy Image Processing and
References Applications with MATLAB. CRC Press
Caponetti L, Castellano G (2017) Fuzzy Logic for Image
Processing: A Gentle Introduction Using Java. Springer
 Literature Survey

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
4/14
Limitations of Existing Works
Objectives
Absence of comparison between the obtained scores
Literature
for the same image & fuzziness index with the help of
Survey the linear and nonlinear fuzzifiers
Introduction

Preliminaries
Lack of consideration of the unlike effects of the linear
Results &
and nonlinear fuzzifiers during image fuzzification for
Discussion fuzziness indexing purpose
Conclusion

References
 Introduction

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing Image & Fuzziness
Hafijur et al.
5/14 A digital image is a two-dimensional approximation of a
three-dimensional scene around us (Acharya and Ray,
Objectives
2005) and is fuzzy, for the scene around us is fuzzy
Literature
Survey (Haußecker and Tizhoosh, 2000). Fuzziness is a natural
Introduction outcome of many image processing tasks and an intrinsic
Preliminaries
feature of images (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017).
Results &
Discussion Brightness, edginess and blurriness are some fuzzy
Conclusion properties of images (Haußecker and Tizhoosh, 2000;
References Caponetti and Castellano, 2017).
 Introduction

The
Importance of
the Linear
Scopes in Classical Imaging Processing
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness We have different theories, methodologies and techniques,
Indexing
which we use to solve different practical problems, in computer
Hafijur et al.
5/14 vision. We always require new approaches because of great
Objectives
diversity and complexity of problems in image processing
Literature
(Haußecker and Tizhoosh, 2000). Hence, fuzzy techniques can
Survey be considered as a new approach in image processing.
Introduction

Preliminaries
Two Most Attractive Features of Fuzzy Sets & Logic
Results &
Discussion (Haußecker and Tizhoosh, 2000)
Conclusion 1 It provides a powerful mathematical framework for
References
representation and processing of expert knowledge
2 It can manage the fuzziness (vagueness) and ambiguity
embedded in image data efficiently
 Preliminaries

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing
Images as Fuzzy Sets (Chaira and Ray, 2009; Haußecker and
Hafijur et al.
6/14 Tizhoosh, 2000)
Objectives
An image I of size m × n with L gray levels can be defined as
Literature an array of fuzzy singletons indicating the membership value
Survey
µij of each image point xij regarding a predefined image
Introduction
property (for example, brightness, edginess, blurriness, etc.) as:
Preliminaries

Results & m [
n
Discussion
[ µij
I = .
Conclusion xij
i=1 j=1
References
 Preliminaries

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in Fuzzifiers (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017)
Fuzziness
Indexing
The membership functions used to fuzzify a crisp image are
Hafijur et al.
6/14 called fuzzifiers.
Objectives
Fuzziness Indices (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017)
Literature
Survey
Indices that quantify fuzzy features, i.e., vagueness/fuzziness
Introduction
embedded in data are known as fuzziness indices.
Preliminaries

Results &
Discussion Fuzziness Indexing
Conclusion
Measuring of fuzzy features, i.e., fuzziness in data (e.g.,
References
fuzziness in a fuzzy image) with a suitable fuzziness index is
known as fuzziness indexing.
 Some Frequently Used Fuzzifiers

The
Importance of
the Linear The Linear Fuzzifier
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness The linear fuzzifier for the image, I can be defined as
Indexing

Hafijur et al. Iij

7/14 l(Iij ) = .
(L − 1)
Objectives

Literature
Survey N–Fuzzifier (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017)
Introduction
The piecewise linear N-function for the image, I can be defined as
Preliminaries

Results &
Discussion 0,
 if Iij < a
Conclusion N(Iij ) = 1, if Iij > b
 Iij −a

References b−a , otherwise

where a and b are the minimum and maximum intensity values in the
image, I , respectively.
 Some Frequently Used Fuzzifiers

The
Importance of
the Linear Sigmoid S-Fuzzifier (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017)
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness The nonlinear sigmoid S-function for the image, I can be
Indexing
expressed as
Hafijur et al.
7/14 1
S(Iij ) = ,
Objectives
1 + exp−γ(Iij −c)
Literature where γ and c are two user defined parameters.
Survey

Introduction

Preliminaries
Pal and King (1981) Proposed Fuzzifier
Results & Pal and King (1981) proposed nonlinear fuzzifier for the image, I can
Discussion
be expressed as
Conclusion  F
Imax − Iij e
References F (Iij ) = 1 + ,
Fd
where Imax indicates the maximum intensity level in I , Fe and Fd are
the exponential and denominational fuzzifiers, respectively.
 Some Frequently Used Fuzziness Indices

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing Linear Index of Fuzziness (γl )
Hafijur et al.
8/14 The linear index of fuzziness, γl for the fuzzified version of the
image, I can be defined as (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017;
Objectives
Haußecker and Tizhoosh, 2000; Chaira and Ray, 2009)
Literature
Survey
m n
Introduction 2 XX
γl (I ) = min(µij , 1 − µij ) ,
Preliminaries mn
i=1 j=1
Results &
Discussion

Conclusion where µij indicates the membership value of the intensity value
References Iij .
 Some Frequently Used Fuzziness Indices

The
Importance of
the Linear Fuzzy Entropy
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing
The fuzzy entropy, FE for the fuzzified version of the image, I
Hafijur et al. can be defined as (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017; Haußecker
8/14
and Tizhoosh, 2000; Chaira and Ray, 2009)
Objectives
m n
Literature 1 XX
Survey FE (I ) = S(µij ) ,
mn ln2
Introduction i=1 j=1
Preliminaries

Results & wherein the Shannon function, S can be presented as (Pal and
Discussion
King, 1981)
Conclusion

References
S(µij ) = −µij lnµij − (1 − µij ) ln(1 − µij ) ,

where µij is mentioned before.

 Fuzzy Image Processing

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Mathematical Representation of Fuzzy Image Processing
Fuzziness
Indexing Mathematically, fuzzy image processing can be represented as
Hafijur et al. (Caponetti and Castellano, 2017)
9/14

Objectives I 0 = Ψ (Γ (Φ(I ))) ,

Literature
Survey
where
Introduction

Preliminaries I → classical input image,

Results &
Discussion Φ→ fuzzification step,
Conclusion
Γ → membership modification step,
References
Ψ→ defuzzification step,
0
I → classical output image.
 Fuzzy Image Processing

The
Importance of
the Linear Graphical Representation of Fuzzy Image Processing
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
9/14

Objectives

Literature
Survey

Introduction

Preliminaries

Results &
Discussion

Conclusion

References
 Fuzzy Image Processing

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzy Image Processing with Example (after Haußecker and
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Tizhoosh (2000))
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
9/14

Objectives

Literature
Survey

Introduction

Preliminaries

Results &
Discussion

Conclusion

References
 Graphical Representations of the Fuzzifiers

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness Graphical Representation of the Linear Fuzzifier
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
10/14

Objectives
Plot of the
Literature
membership values
Survey obtained via the
Introduction
linear fuzzifier
Preliminaries
against all the
Results &
Discussion available gray
Conclusion levels for the 8–bit
References images.
 Graphical Representations of the Fuzzifiers

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness Graphical Representation of the Piecewise Linear N-function
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
10/14
Plot of the
Objectives membership values
Literature
Survey
obtained via the
Introduction N-function against
Preliminaries all the available
Results & gray levels for the
Discussion
8–bit images,
Conclusion

References
where a = 15 and
b = 240.
 Graphical Representations of the Fuzzifiers

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness Graphical Representation of the Nonlinear S-function
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
10/14 Plot of the
Objectives
membership values
Literature
obtained via the
Survey sigmoid S-function
Introduction
against all the
Preliminaries
available gray
Results &
Discussion levels for the 8–bit
Conclusion images, where
References c = 0.5 and
γ = 15.
 Graphical Representations of the Fuzzifiers

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in Graphical Representation of the Pal and King (1981) Proposed
Fuzziness
Indexing Fuzzifier
Hafijur et al.
10/14 Plot of the
Objectives
membership values
Literature
obtained via the
Survey
Pal and King
Introduction
(1981) proposed
Preliminaries
fuzzifier against all
Results &
Discussion the available gray
Conclusion levels for the 8–bit
References images, where
Fe = 2 and
Fd = 307.8122.
 Importance of the Linear Fuzzifier

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
11/14 Table: Quantitative comparison of the liner fuzzifier with the other
Objectives
mentioned nonlinear fuzzifiers through Naturalness Image Quality
Literature
Evaluator (NIQE) for a certain image.
Survey

Introduction
Fuzzy images obtained using different fuzzifiers
Preliminaries Method Crisp image
Linear Fuzzifier N S F
Results & NIQE 7.2421 7.2421 7.1535 6.9250 7.8418
Discussion

Conclusion

References
 Importance of the Linear Fuzzifier

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness Features of the Nonlinear Fuzzifiers
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
A nonlinear fuzzifier assigns a membership value to
11/14 each pixel of a crisp image in a nonlinear way
Objectives It modifies the membership values of an image pixels
Literature
Survey
during fuzzification
Introduction The nonlinear fuzzifiers are often used in many fuzzy
Preliminaries image processing tasks to modify the membership
Results &
Discussion
values of a fuzzy image
Conclusion They can have a better contribution in the fuzzy
References image processing operations, where reduction of
fuzziness of an image is necessary
 Importance of the Linear Fuzzifier

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing
Features of the Linear Fuzzifier
Hafijur et al. The linear fuzzifier assigns a membership value to each
11/14
pixel of a crisp image in a linear manner
Objectives
No modification of the the membership values of an
Literature
Survey image pixels is made during fuzzification
Introduction
The linear fuzzifier is mostly used in the fuzzification
Preliminaries
step in a fuzzy image processing system
Results &
Discussion
It can have a better contribution in the fuzzy image
Conclusion
processing operations, where preservation of fuzziness
References
of an image is obligated
 Conclusion

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing Concluding Remarks
Hafijur et al.
12/14 Scores of fuzziness indices for an image
Objectives obtained with the help of a nonlinear fuzzifier
Literature
Survey can reflect the quality of a modified version
Introduction of that image
Preliminaries

Results & Outcomes of fuzziness indices for an image

Discussion

Conclusion
can be acquired with an acceptable accuracy
References with the help of the linear fuzzifier
 The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing

Hafijur et al.
13/14

Objectives

Literature
Survey

Introduction
Thanks to All
Preliminaries

Results &
Discussion

Conclusion

References
 References

The
Importance of
the Linear
Fuzzifier in
Fuzziness
Indexing
Acharya T, Ray AK (2005) Image Processing: Principles and
Hafijur et al.
Applications. John Wiley & Sons
14/14
Caponetti L, Castellano G (2017) Fuzzy Logic for Image
Objectives Processing: A Gentle Introduction Using Java. Springer
Literature
Survey Chaira T, Ray AK (2009) Fuzzy Image Processing and
Introduction Applications with MATLAB. CRC Press
Preliminaries Haußecker H, Tizhoosh HR (2000) Fuzzy image processing. In:
Results &
Discussion
Computer Vision and Applications, Elsevier, pp 541–576
Conclusion Pal SK, King RA (1981) Image enhancement using smoothing
References with fuzzy sets. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and
Cybernetics 11(7):494–500

View publication stats