DHA=09-01-2019=SOLVED

1. What is the use of rub fastness tester? Describe the rub fastness apparatus. What is the

rotating speed of rub fastness tester? How much load is there on the felt pad of rub fastness

tester?

The rub fastness tester is used for determination of fastness of colour of light leathers to

wet and dry rubbing and for measuring the transfer of colour to the material with which

it is rubbed. The test specimen is rubbed with a rotating circular felt pad pressing against

it under a specified force, and the number of revolutions of the pad required to produce

certain specified effects is determined. It can also be used for assessing the degree of

damage to a material during mild wet abrasion imitating the scuffing action of a damp

hose on footwear insole during wear.

The rub fastness tester is constructed on a rigid fabricated frame. Rubbing is carried out

by rotating a felt pad against a test specimen placed on an anvil. The felt pad is held in a

rotating holder with the help of three sharp needles and can be raised and lowered with the

help of a lever to bring it in contact with the test specimen. Motion to the felt pad is given

by a motor and belt-pulley arrangement. The sleeve in which the rod carrying the rotating

holder slides is mounted on two ball bearings to give it a long and trouble-free running

life. Weights are provided to apply the specified forces on felt pads for both dry and wet

rubbing. The test specimens are normally kept on a flat platform under the rotating felt

pad. However, for testing of finished products, provision has been made to replace the

flat platform by a small circular anvil that can accommodate various finished products like

shoulders of garments and shoes. A four-digit electronic counter with re-set counts the

number of abrading rubs of the felt pad. The counter operates only when the felt pad is

lowered on to the test specimen.

The rotating speed of rub fastness tester is 150 rpm.

The load on the felt pad of rub fastness tester is 0.73 kg or 2.5 kg.

2. What is the use of vamp flex tester? Write the dimensions of its test specimen. What is

the frequency of oscillations? What is the radius of V-edge? What is the angle between

gripping faces?

The vamp flex tester is used for assessing the tendency of shoe uppers and lining materials

to crack or fail at the flexing creases formed in the upper during walking.

The dimensions of the test specimens of vamp flex tester are 64 × 64 mm.
 The frequency of oscillations of vamp flex tester is 300 ± 15 cycles/minute.

The radius of V-edge of vamp flex tester is 6.4 ± 0.5 mm.

The angle between gripping faces of vamp flex tester is 40 ± 1◦ .

3. Describe sole adhesion tester.

The strength of adhesion of a sole to its upper is determined by measuring the force needed

to pull off the sole from the upper. A suitable last is placed inside the shoe, which is then

placed on a straight edge acting as a fulcrum for applying load on the joint of the sole and

upper. The maximum load the sole can withstand before coming off is determined and

reported as the sole adhesion strength. This test can be carried out either at the heel or

at the toe of the shoe.

The sole adhesion tester consists of a cantilever type load cell with a digital readout to

measure and indicate the force applied at the junction of the sole or heel and the upper

and a set of interchangeable toe pieces having different curvatures. The load cell measures

the force applied on the joint, which is indicated directly in kilograms on a digital readout

with a peak force memory to indicate the maximum force applied before the failure of

adhesion. Five toe pieces of different curvatures are provided to enable toes and heels of

different shapes and sizes to be tested. The length of arc of each toe piece, however, is the

same to ensure that the force is applied only on a fixed length of joint. These are made

from carbon steel for giving a long operational life. Any one of the toe pieces can be held

in the equipment at one time. The fulcrum on which the shoe is placed during the test

has adjustable height to enable soles of different thickness to be tested. The height of the

fulcrum is adjusted with the help of six spacer strips provided with the equipment.