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Louis Haley - The Actor Magician Essays PDF
Louis Haley - The Actor Magician Essays PDF
Note by Marko: We have all heard and read the famous phrase that
says that "the magician is an actor playing the part of a magician."
Most of the time the people that repeat this quote don't make any effort
to explain just what they mean by it, as if their intentional meaning is
something that we all must tacitly understand. One of the few guys
that has tried to shed light (and a lot of it!) over what he meant when
he wrote "magician" and "actor" in the same phrase was Louis C.
Haley, an--let's say--obscure magician who wrote the essays you are
about to read in an equally obscure magical periodical and later, in
1910, included them in a book he wrote and published.
Even though these essays were written so long ago, I think that, if read
with an open mind, they are as pertinent today as the day they
originally came from their author's pen. I hope you enjoy them and
also that they might make you think a little bit about our art: Magic.
Introduction
The following essays upon the Actor Magician originally appeared,
in serial form, in Edwards Monthly, a magician's magazine of tricks,
magic and illusions, published at Buffalo, N. Y., in the interest of
American Magicians. These articles received flattering comment from
professional magicians, who have styled the author, "the preacher in
the pulpit on the subject of the art of magic." They proved such a
stimulus to good magic that a movement has been started among
magicians in this country looking to a betterment of the art as
First
As Aristos says: "Magic is an art that sometimes instructs, often
amuses, and always entertains." But magic, like every art, should have
its ideal, and to uphold and develop that ideal will call for sacrifices on
the part of its disciples. By that, I mean that if the ideal demands that
he refuse to instruct, to amuse or even to entertain his audience, the
magician should be true to his art. How many times have I seen the
"modern magician" filling up his time with bald tricks and
"gag-patter" sacrificing his art for the purpose of creating a laugh and
getting his share of "hand" to be a top-liner, as the box office wants
him to be. No doubt the manager is a hard proposition, for the
wonder-worker must eat, and he gets his hand-out at the managerial
lunch counter.
I am sorry for the magician in vaudeville, who would be the artist,
where his act is hurried, curtailed in time, space and verbiage, and no
proper setting is given to the scene of that mysterious land where he
appears for a little time to the amazement of his audience. Vaudeville
is not the field for the exploitation of any fine art. People attend the
vaudeville show first, to be amused, secondly, to be entertained
according to their own ideas of entertainment. The up-to-date
manager, astute and crafty, has sensed their desires and tastes, and we
have the vaudeville show, that which includes any and all in the same
performance, where we see the black-faced monologist, the "artist"
violinist, the buck and wing dancer, Jenny Lind, the knock-about
acrobat, the musical act, costing $4,000 or less, trained dogs, monkeys
and ponies, the actor-magician, and the sketch. Shades of Immortal
Shakespeare! Think of it! All at one time on the same stage! Is this the
place for the violin virtuoso, the artistic singer, the magician or the
actor with his art? No. Whoever performs there in these lines is
sacrificing his art and doing it irreparable damage. If the magician
cannot possess a complete show of his own but must of necessity go
on before or after the dogs and ponies, let him at least try to be the
actor-magician as I shall try to suggest that he should be in his
caricatured position.
If I had a road show of my own, I would have special scenery
suggestive of the land of wonders, not the style of Albini's, but
dramatically suggestive of that strange land. My Purpose in the
experiments that I should use, would be to show that they were natural
Second
In consonance with, and in continuation of this line of thought I want
to urge a reformation in the character of the lines used in the
experiments of the magician of today. I would like to see the word
tricks cut out of our magic nomenclature; for, one who does tricks is a
trickster, and that term is as belittling to a magician as to call him a
fakir. He is neither trickster nor fakir; rather an educated
gentleman--an artist, presenting as a magician some of the occult
wonders of Psychology and the natural sciences. The word "patter"
too, always strikes me as if it might be associated with "parrot." Patter
has no purpose but to interest the novice, who likes to read and dream
of what others have done, and what he might do.
Each magician has a distinct personality, mental, psychological and
spiritual makeup, and can no more adopt the verbal mannerisms and
expressions of another, then he can adopt his tone of voice and facial
expression. Even though he is born with the "mimic" talent, he should
not use it as a Magician. The beauty of this wonderful world is its
infinite variety; if then, you want to attract the attention necessary to
taking a definite, exalted place in the Wonder World of Magic be a
variety in it. I wish that some dignified expression might be
substituted for the word "patter." To "pat," means to give a slight
knock; I would like to give the word a big knock. The discoveries of
the day in the Science of the Mind and in the Natural Sciences are
numerous enough to give you a foundation for your lines in the
presentation of any experiment.
The comedian is given his name because he is the "funnyman." If the
magician tries to be a comedian and magician too, he is neither, much
less a magician. He has no more reason to be funny than has a
tragedian. I know you may think your act more palatable because of
your wit, but do not cater to the audience's sense of humor, for they do
not understand the requirements of your art. The Magician must be
one who is the possessor and dispenser of astounding knowledge, if he
is to be anything at all. People now-a-days are beginning to look upon
the Magician as one who can especially amuse the children. In times
past whole cities used to get wrought up to a high pitch of excitement
over things that do not approach in real mystery the things that are
done today. I think one reason for this attitude on the part of the public
is the fact that the Magician has lost the dignity of his calling and is in
imminent danger of seeing his self-respect going with it.
What odds does it make if the world is more or less acquainted with
our methods? We are playing a part, anyway. The world knows that
Third
The trouble with most of us is that we have no ideal; or, if we do
have one, we fail to cherish it. Perhaps it may be that we do faithfully
strive after it; and then think in our progress that we have attained our
ambition--and our ideal is a reality. Carlyle says: "The greatest of
faults is to be conscious of none." Let no one, be he a magician or
otherwise, no matter how high up on the ladder of fame or how great a
degree of perfection may be his, think he has attained the zenith; for as
soon as he begins to think thus, as soon as his ideal begins to assume a
reality, just so soon it ceases to be an ideal. No matter who you are,
your plane of existence; your business; your profession; how
proficient you are therein: if you would not retrograde, you must have
always before you, the one thing--your ideal.
I like Powell's refusal to perform magic on any occasion. It proves
conclusively, that he has his own exalted conception of his art. I met
him some eighteen years ago at Stoughton, Wis., doing magic with a
medicine show that played in various halls. He was even then the
dignified, gentlemanly magician. Under like circumstances others
would have thought little of the medicine show, of themselves and
their art. Not so with Powell. He was made of better stuff. I knew then
that we would hear again of Powell. (No doubt he has forgotten the
piano player in that medicine show so long ago; but, if he should see
this article, I should be pleased to hear from him.)
During my undergraduate years at the University of Wisconsin I
studied music with an ideal, that made me see myself sometime in the
future a master of the piano. When I graduated, the rude world showed
me that it did not care for me or my high-class music; and my ideal
dragged in the dust. For years it suffered wounds thereby; then I
bandaged the wounds and nursed the sufferer back to life, pleading
that it stay with me as the one comfort that the world could not offer.
We are all bread winners and the same experience falls to the lot of
all. But let us, in spite of the world's plans for us, stick to our invisible
and congenial companion--our ideal. My present ideal is to mystify
magicians. If I can get them guessing I am happy. A few years ago we
had a society called, humorously but not complimentary, The
Legedermaniacs. I always enjoyed the meetings, because the incentive
to fool the boys kept me there.
Kellar is a man with an ideal. Even at the pinnacle of success he said:
"Next year I will give them a show that will fairly astound them." I
shall always remember him, not only as a great magician but as a great
man, whom anyone could approach and who was the friend of man.
When I first met him, I was astonished, when he presented the
unknown, country student of magic two seats to his matchless
performance. The deed, which was not a little one, gives him a place
in my heart that the ravages of time cannot touch. May he long be with
us and may the world see more of his kind.
Whether or not we ever reach the Parnassus of our ambition is not the
point. Let it rather be this: Always strive to be greater than we are.
Struggle is the law of existence. The infant kicks; if not, there is no
life. It cannot exist without movement; for all life and growth is
manifest through motion. Houdini, shackled, dives into the Seine and
amazes the multitude as he courts death and eludes his grasp. His ideal
leads him to do it. Have a high ideal that will lift you up and make the
world better for your having lived in it.
Imagination is one of the greatest of God's gifts. The following of the
ideal through the fields of the imagination has brought about the
development of our sciences, arts and literature. The psychologist tells
us that our objective mind is a small part of us; it is the subconscious,
subjective mind of our being, the eternal entity within us that
maintains our being--our soul's self, if you please, that leads us to the
truth.
Fourth
What should be the magician's ideal? This is a question, not only for
those of whom the public expects great things, but for all of us--every
one, be he great or small. First of all: His equipment should be of the
best. No workman can do a perfect piece of work with poor
tools--neither can the magician, magician though he be. Every bit of
invisible apparatus should be so perfectly constructed as to be
absolutely reliable, and it should be up to date, with all the
improvements that the mind of man has been able to store up in it.
Every bit of visible apparatus, stage setting and accoutrement, should
be the best that can be had. For the magician impresses his audience,
in a large degree, through the sense of sight, and if his dress, apparatus
and stage furniture is beautiful, it proves to them silently that the
magician is unlimited in his power and resources--the very thing a
magician should be.
Next comes the second consideration: A perfect technique. By
technique I mean the "moves" made in the evolution of the
experiments. I want to emphasize--all your experiments; for if you are
less proficient in one effect, your work is marred. A chain is not
stronger than its weakest link; and the audience and critics unkindly
judge you rather by the poorest thing you do.
By moves I do not mean the front and back palm, or the pass, that can
be made so many times a minute. The magician makes a serious error
when he exhibits speed, for the reason that he has power to do these
things slowly and deliberately because he is a magician. When you
Fifth
There are but two sense avenues, generally speaking, by which the
actor impresses his audience--namely: seeing and hearing. The
magician sometimes uses the other three: feeling, tasting and smelling,
but only to a slight degree. Kellar, in the wine and water change,
Sixth
(Note:--The terms Law of Suggestion, Auto-Suggestion,
Subjective Mind, and Objective Mind are used without an
academical explanation of their meaning, for the reason
that they need to he fully and explicitly explained, but this
is not the place nor the time for such explanation.
Hudson's Law of Psychic Phenomena is an admirable
suggestion must come from you. They cannot believe you to be what
you yourself do not believe. If you want to be a great magician, you
yourself must believe that you are such. If you would control others by
the power of suggestion, you must first by Auto-suggestion make
yourself believe what you want the audience to believe. This can only
be accomplished through your subjective mind, which mind is in
touch with mortal mentalities and with the Great Mind Universal.
The organ of belief is the Subjective Mind, not the Objective Mind.
The Objective Mind of the five senses, seated in the brain, is simply
the organ to deliver the goods to the depths of our being, therefore our
belief is deeply seated. Nay, it must be so, otherwise, on the surface of
our consciousness, it will be only a sense-perception. The audience
gets your act through sense-perceptions apprehended by the brain; but
it believes you are a magician unconsciously, so to speak, by its
Subjective Mind, which is the personality's real self.
The objective mind of the hypnotized subject is nearly totally
inhibited, the subjective personality coming to the surface and running
things. The subject believes himself to be the character that has been
suggested to him. To the audience his real self seems to have
disappeared and he is a different personality. So must the actor be in
this subjective condition of mind. The real personal self of the actor
must be inhibited in order that the audience may see the subjective
personality which the mind of the actor is assuming. The character
being portrayed is a creature of the mind and the actor's real self must
be inhibited.
If Downs, Thurston or Kellar do not blot Downs, Thurston or Kellar,
respectively, from their minds when they are playing the part of the
magician, the audience will never see the magician--they will see only
Downs, Thurston, or Kellar. In the days of great actors, people went
not to see McCullough and Barrett but to see McCullough in "Richard
the Third" and Barrett in "Hamlet." No one ever saw McCullough or
Barrett on the stage. They saw McCullough's "Richard the Third" and
Barrett's "Hamlet."
Seventh
The art of magic in its long history has never been associated with
comedy. The soothsayers, priests, astrologers, medicine men, and all
who used mystery in their business, never mixed it with comedy,
although when off by themselves, they may have laughed in their
sleeve. It is of very ancient origin and hoary with a venerable age that
things, he was ignorant of the fact that he was insulting himself and
his art before his audience. Let me herewith submit some of the
senseless lines excerpted from the mass of them.
"What I intend doing this evening is not necessary to
speak of; otherwise you would be as wise as I am, and to
tell you the honest truth, I don't think your brains would
stand as much pressure as that."
"I have here a strip of quite, ordinary tissue paper, red,
white and blue. I am noted for being always so
idiotic--no, patriotic, of course."
"This is a very simple trick--in fact, I used to do it when
in short frocks. The only difference is that whereas I do it
badly now and get paid for it, I used to do it well then and
only got spanked."
"Then you just put them together and just hank a bit and
there you are. You see that is why the people call it
hankey-pankey. I will show you another way. I shall first
light this match, then I light these papers and--burn my
fingers--that's not sleight-of-hand, really; no skill
required; only just a match and a good deal of
clumsiness."
"All my handkerchiefs are in shades, if you notice--in fact
some are so shady that they are downright disreputable. I
shall now show you one or two swindles with these
silks!"
"This, ladies and gentlemen, is a billiard ball. I mention it
in case that you might think it a flatiron or orange. I am
not good at ball juggling, but my uncle is a capital hand
at it keeps three up for hours at a stretch over the door. I
can't keep balls up at all; I am too busy trying to keep up
appearances."
"In my next swindle--I mean illusion--"
"In fact I began to think that we weren't going to get any
fish at all, but only a shell--er--I mean only a sell. They
are rather fishy looking fish, aren't they? Still you cannot
expect whales at 6d. per dozen."
"Now here is a little money, a very little--but it's all I've
got (unfortunately), and considering my profession it's
rather a miracle I've got that."
Eighth
Our body magic is infected with a disease germ, which, if not
eradicated, will, as in all cases of disease, destroy the life. The germ
that threatens the life is the vaudeville-comedy microbe.
Magic caught her disease in a vaudeville theater--and there are two
thousand of them in this country.
What has brought about this condition? The introduction of vaudeville
into our entertainment life is the chief cause; and the somewhat
secondary one is the increasingly large number who are devoting
themselves in a small way to the practice of magic. When magic was
in hands of the few it held a dignified place, kept there by the
vigilance of its devoted high priests of the art. "Familiarity breeds
contempt"--and the public had not then become familiar with, not only
its effects, but even the means employed in many cases to produce
those effects. Now the cat is out of the bag, so to speak, and no one
seems to be able to catch her.
Now what is to be done? The same as in any disease. Purify the room
and give the patient a tonic till he shall be able to throw off the disease
germs. There are two things that have polluted the atmosphere: First,
the manager who insists on saying how an act shall be put on; and,
second, the idea maintained by the manager that the public expects
some comedy from the magician--which is not true. Our brother who
has been trying to live and eat in this stifling atmosphere has tried and
failed in his strong, healthy purpose to win, for the reason that it is
impossible under the conditions he is in.
A magician needs absolutely the stage for his act--nothing less. To
work in one is death to you as a magician. As a nondescript comedian,
you can work there, or on top of a barrel; but as a magician, if you
value your life, do not attempt it. Recently I saw a good magic act
during which the magician worked in one while another illusion was
being set. He was fine, except when he worked in front of the
drop--then he appeared not as a magician, but as a nondescript
comedian, who was attempting to bluff the audience with a few tricks
and jokes. How sorry I was to see a most worthy performance marred.
The remedy to apply to this element of the managerial trouble is to
demand the whole stage for your act and unlimited freedom in putting
it on. One reason why the magician has been asked to work in one is
that he is a carpet bag magician and has not enough to use a stage. If
the art is to be elevated we must cut out the carpet-baggers in the
business.
Some time ago the managers, I understand, made a compact that they
would play no magic act where there was not at least two big illusions
and three in the company. Good for the managers. Stand by them.
They want you to be headliners and they are telling you how to do it.
Carry a full complement of velvet or plush curtains (drops are no
good), illusions, smaller effects and your people and there is no reason
why you will not be the feature act of the show. No magician should
play a house that would ask him to accept an inferior position. Aim to
be headliners and the managers will soon see magic in a different
light. Recently we had one in our city, and the manager said the
magician had made good--the best week we had had. Cheer up and get
wise.
Other acts have stage: The acrobat act; the musical act; the dogs,
ponies, monkeys, and trained animals; the trick bicyclist; the juggler,
and others. Why should not the magic act have its freedom?
In the second place the comedy must be cut out. There is no two ways
about that. It must be done. If you have good jokes, bill double and
come on later in disguise and tell them to everybody that is willing to
stay.
I asked a large number of people who witnessed a fine magic act if
they liked it better where the magician was serious and not funny, and
almost to a man they preferred him without his comedy. Now, there is
a psychological, philosophical reason for their answer. It is this: When
one beholds a mystery, his attitude of mind at once becomes serious
and studious, endeavoring to reason out and fathom what has just been
perceived. To have one's head split open with a joke, is to destroy
absolutely the condition of mind that the mystery induced. Especially
so, if your remark is derogatory to yourself, your audience, or the
effect just done.
I heard a performer use this sentence after doing the handkerchief
pistol to the covered tumbler upon the new fine handkerchief stand:
"Well, is there no limit to this man's cleverness?" Making fun of his
own ability spoiled the effect beyond redemption. Why will
performers do it? No one asked him to say that. I think the reason is
this: At times they think they are greater than their art. It's a sorry day
when they think that. No man can be greater than his art. Art is not a
thing. Art is the product of what you do. You cannot be greater than
what you are doing.
Ninth
He who writes upon any art in fidelity must do so from a high plane.
How many of the world's great artist musicians, painters, sculptors,
poets and authors have not only, in their fidelity to their fine art, not
only gone hungry for the sympathy and appreciation of the public but
even hungry for bread and butter. Not a single friend stood by
Mozart's grave. One was present with Beethoven in his last illness, I
believe. The sad representatives of the other arts could be named.
Any art is not safe in the hands of one who is merely looking for his
bread and butter in the practice of it. If the ideal in your art is not your
aim, you are not an artist. You may think you are; or may ask to have
your name go on the bill as one, but you are not what you profess to
be. The art of magic as practiced on the vaudeville stage needs
cleaning up. Any one that says no, is not faithful to their trust. It is
there that the damage has been done to our art and it is there that it
must be set right.
Truth is like a sword: It cuts. The surgeon's knife is to remove the bad
flesh. The critic's knife, if he is honest in his purpose, will remove the
bad spot, and there will be some pain. Some readers may put an
interpretation upon my words that were not intended by me. For
instance: "The carpet baggers in the business must be cut out." I was
plainly speaking of the vaudeville stage; not club workers. Read it
over again--not one of my articles but all of them.
I am writing on the Art of Magic and its performers. Not somebody's
art or somebody's performance. I am a club worker--but not the big
stick kind. The boys at the University of Wisconsin bill me as The
Great Magician (not at my request). Why? Because, my demeanor
before them is that of a real magician. I go as a carpet bagger,
necessarily, but in my work I strive in it all to "maintain the magic
position" as Edwards calls fidelity to the ideal of magic.
Now this leads me to the subject of wit in a magic performance. I
believe in a magician using wit and humor in his work. I have made
myself clear on that point already; but I wish to re-state my position
and I would like to burn the words into the minds and hearts of every
amateur and professional--the professional, especially. Cut out
comedy. Your comedy may be successful with your audience to
produce a laugh, but the dignity of your art and yourself, as a
magician, suffer in direct proportion to the success of your laugh
efforts. That is to say: The more the audience laughs at what you say,
the more they look upon you and your art as a thing to laugh at; if
what you say degrades in any way yourself, your art or your audience.
A little wit, like a little learning, is a dangerous thing; and a jest is a
dangerous thing to handle--like a knife without a handle. However, as
I have said before, use your wit to make your audience smile; but see
to it that it is pertinent to the very success of the thing you are
doing--related to and concordant with that thing. Not discordant and
insane.
Be witty without comedy. Comedy will kill the magician; wit will give
him a high place in the mind of the audience, who will then discover
that the magician's wit, as well as his mysterious knowledge and
power, is of a superior character. Indeed, it must be. Mysterious power
and low wit do not go together. Let your wit be scintillating,