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This led to a great increase in the demand for crude oil, which has
continued to this day.
Over millions of years the layers of rock built up, increasing the heat
and pressure. This caused the remains to be broken down into the
molecules that form crude oil and natural gas.
Each fraction
contains a mix of
compounds with a
similar number of
carbon atoms.
The hydrocarbon molecules are heated until they turn into vapour,
and then mixed with a catalyst. The type of reaction in catalytic
cracking is called thermal decomposition.
Alkenes are reactive molecules that are used to make plastics and
other chemicals.
Catalytic cracking
Alkenes are a family of hydrocarbon compounds with the general
formula CnH2n.
Alkenes are very similar to alkanes, but they have one important
difference: they contain at least one double covalent bond between
carbon atoms.
decane
(C10H22)
+ +
Cracking decane
Alkanes are examples of saturated compounds.
Removing impurities
alkanes – A family of hydrocarbon molecules with the
general formula CnH2n+2.
Glossary (1/2)
fractional distillation – The process used to
separate crude oil into different fractions.
Glossary (2/2)
Crude oil is extremely useful but it has several drawbacks:
At current rates, this will last about 44 years, but the amount of oil
used in the world increases each year.
Some scientists believe there is a lot more oil still to find, but
others think that most oil has already been discovered.