HAIFA AFIEQAH BINTI HASBI 2018287542 (AP2467A)

CHALLENGES

ICON JUSTIFICATION
1. • Working in a tunnel construction can become
riskier because of the airborne particles such as
silica dust and diesel particulates.
• The workers must wear PPE such is breathing
apparatus in order to work in the tunnel.
• The air quality in the tunnel can be better or
worse depend on the length of the tunnel.
• This can be challenges in the earlier stage of
the construction as no air ventilation is not
DUST
installed.
• Even the workers wear the safety equipment, it
will always reduce worker mobility and
increase fatigue which this will also create
additional challenges.
2. • As tunnel are constructed underground, water
can be one of the challenges as it exists in the
soil.
• Water inflow during tunnel construction are
challenging as they can threaten tunnelling
project from safety, time, and economic
aspects
• The impact of groundwater environment
resulting from tunnel drainage must be
identified
WATER
• Correct assessment before the construction is
important as to understand troubles that would
be encountered during excavation
• The identification also will be useful to adopt
appropriate countermeasures to minimize any
risk and hazards that may occur
 HAIFA AFIEQAH BINTI HASBI 2018287542 (AP2467A)

CONSIDERATION

ICON JUSTIFICATION
1. • An accurate cost estimation in tunnelling
project is a key parameter in project’s success
• Cost data is crucial especially during
conceptual and design stages
• The cost of the excavation process and
temporary support measures are not the same
as the types are vary.
• Even during the construction of the tunnel, the

COST cost may change as changes can happen from

time to time. This shows that the consideration
to put a budget for unexpected events.
• As the total project cost, it must not exceed the
budget.
2. • The success of the project also depends on the
geological conditions prevailing at the site
• Geological factors which may interfere during
tunnel construction for examples are
lithological, structural and ground water
condition.

GEOLOGY • From the geological conditions of the site, the

method can be chosen, and safety measure can
be identified earlier.