©2009 Ismail Ab.

Wahab, Malaysian Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC), Universiti Teknologi MARA

KAPAYAS ENTERPRISE USER'S GUIDE

FORECASTING
Select Language/Pilih Bahasa Form of Business Capital Expenditure Projections
Pre-Operating and Working Capital Projections
English Private Limited Company Sales and Purchase Projections
Malay Sole-Proprietorship/Others Forecasted Project Cost and Financing
SUMMARY AND SCHEDULES
Planning Period Nature of Business
Project Cost and Sources of Finance Summary
3 Years Manufacturing Fixed Assets and Depreciation Schedules
Loan Amortization Schedule
5 Years Trading/Distribution
Service FINANCIAL REPORTS
Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement
Start Year of Projection Start Month of Projection Pro-forma Income Statement
Pro-forma Balance Sheet
Financial Performance

BRIEF REPORTS
Total Project Cost Cash Balance Time to Break-Even
Sources of Financing Income Paybak Period for Start-Up Fund
Monthly Loan Payment Total Assets & Liabilities Internal Rate of Return
 Monthly Hire-Purchase Payment Total Owners' Equity

Complimentary Edition FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES

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FINANCIAL PLAN
Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC), Universiti Teknologi MARA

USER'S GUIDE

FORECASTING
Capital Expenditure Projections
Pre-Operating and Working Capital Projections
Sales and Purchase Projections
Forecasted Project Cost and Financing
SUMMARY AND SCHEDULES

Project Cost and Sources of Finance Summary

Fixed Assets and Depreciation Schedules
Loan Amortization Schedule

FINANCIAL REPORTS
Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement
Pro-forma Income Statement
Pro-forma Balance Sheet
Financial Performance

BRIEF REPORTS
Time to Break-Even
Paybak Period for Start-Up Fund
Internal Rate of Return
NCIAL PLAN
Complimentary Edition
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE PROJECTION
Anggaran Perbelanjaan Aset Tetap
0
Capital Expenditure

Types of Fixed Assets Estimated Cost (RM)

Administrative/Organisation
Land & Building
Office furniture & Fittings 840
Office Equipment 4,246

Sales/Marketing
Banner 700
Signboard 300

Operations/Technical
Machinery & Equipment 5,884
Van 7,000

Total 18,969

Depreciation method
Straight line

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RE PROJECTION
an Aset Tetap

Estimated Economic Life

(years)

3
5

5
3

10
5

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM
Complimentary Edition
PRE-OPERATING & WORKING CAPITAL
Pra-Operasi & Modal Kerja

0
Pre-Operating & Working Capital Projections
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Costs (one-off) RM
Development cost
Business incorporation
Deposit (rent, utilities, etc.)
Other pre-operating & incorporation costs
Sales & Marketing Costs (monthly)
Executives (2 person)
Advertisment (monthly- newspaper)
Name Card 200
Promotion 500

General & Administrative Costs (monthly)

Salaries, Wages, EPF & SOCSO
Utilities (wifi,) 920
Remuneration 6,309
Permises Rent 1,800

Operations & Technical Costs (monthly)

Purchase of Raw Materials/Goods 1,500
Carriage Inwards
Salaries, Wages, EPF & SOCSO
Utilities (wifi,)
Cleaning Services 407
OVERHEAD 1,170

Other Expenditure (annually)

Business registration 220
office Supply 353
poster 220
Total Pre-Operations & Working Capital Expenditure 13,599

Annual Increase in Working Capital (if any)

Year 2 3%
Year 3 4%

Tax Rates
Year 1 23%
Year 2 23%
Year 3 23%
25%
25%

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Fi © 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

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KING CAPITAL
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SALES & PURCHASES
Jualan & Bellian
0
Sales & Purchase Projections

Sales Projections RM Purchase Projections RM

January 2020 19,000 January 2020 1,500
February 2020 15,000 February 2020 1,500
March 2020 14,000 March 2020 1,500
April 2020 15,000 April 2020 1,500
May 2020 15,050 May 2020 1,500
June 2020 15,100 June 2020 1,500
July 2020 16,000 July 2020 1,500
August 2020 16,100 August 2020 1,500
September 2020 16,200 September 2020 1,500
October 2020 16,200 October 2020 1,500
November 2020 16,200 November 2020 1,500
December 2020 31,000 December 2020 1,500
Total 2020 204,850 Total 2020 18,000
Total 2021 221,238 Total 2021
Total 2022 225,335 Total 2022 189,750

Sales Collections Purchase Payments

In the month of sales 50% In the month of purchase 50%
One month after sales 50% One month after purchase 30%
Two months after sales 0% Two months after purchase 20%

Ending Inventory of Raw Materials RM Ending Inventory of Finished Goods RM

End of 2020 500 End of 2020 300
End of 2021 700 End of 2021 350
End of 2022 1,000 End of 2022 400
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PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION COST
Kos Pelaksanaan Projek

-
Project Implementation Cost

Capital Expenditure Cost Sources of Financing

Land & Building 0 Existing asset
Office furniture & Fittings 840 Cash
Office Equipment 4,246 Loan
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
Banner 700 Cash
Signboard 300 Cash
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
Machinery & Equipment 5,884 Loan
Van 7,000 Existing asset
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
Working Capital 1 months
Sales & Marketing Costs (monthly) 700 Cash
General & Administrative Costs (monthly) 9,029 Cash
Operations & Technical Costs (monthly) 3,077 Cash
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Costs (one-off) - Cash
Other Expenditure (annually) 793 Cash
Provision for Contingencies 5% 1,589 Cash
TOTAL 34,157

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Complimentary Edition SOURCESSumber
OF PROJECT FINANCING
Pembiayaan Projek
0
Sources of Project Financing
Own Contributions
Capital Expenditure Cost Loan Hire-Purchase
Cash Existing F. Assets
Land & Building 0 -
Office furniture & Fittings 840 840
Office Equipment 4,246 4,246
0 0 -
0 0 -
Banner 700 700
Signboard 300 300
0 0 -
0 0 -
Machinery & Equipment 5,884 5,884
Van 7,000 7,000
0 0 -
0 0 -
Working Capital
Sales & Marketing Costs (monthly) 700 700
General & Administrative Costs (monthly) 9,029 9,029
Operations & Technical Costs (monthly) 3,077 3,077
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Costs (one-off) 0 -
Other Expenditure (annually) 793 793
Provision for Contingencies 1,589 1,589
TOTAL 34,157 17,027 7,000 10,130 0

Proposed Terms of Loan (if required) Proposed Terms of Hire-Purchase (if required)

Interest rate 5% Interest rate 5%

Loan tenure (years) 10 Tenure (years) 5

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FinePlanner © 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM
Complimentary Edition
LOAN AMORTIZATION & HIR
Jadual Bayaran Balik Pin
0
LOAN AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE
Amount (RM) 10,130
Interest Rate 5%
Duration (yrs) 10
Method Annual Rest
Instalment Payments
Year
Principal Interest Annual Payments
0 - - -
1 805 506 1,312
2 846 466 1,312
3 888 424 1,312
4 932 380 1,312
5 979 333 1,312
6 1,028 284 1,312
7 1,079 233 1,312
8 1,133 179 1,312
9 1,190 122 1,312
10 1,249 62 1,312
11 0 0 0
12 0 0 0
13 0 0 0
14 0 0 0
15 0 0 0
16 0 0 0
17 0 0 0
18 0 0 0
19 0 0 0
20 0 0 0

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RTIZATION & HIRE-PURCHASE SCHEDULES
Jadual Bayaran Balik Pinjaman & Sewa-Beli
0
CHEDULE HIRE-PURCHASE REPAYMENT SCHEDULE
Amount (RM) 0
Interest Rate 5%
Duration (yrs) 5

Bayaran Ansuran
Principal Balance Tahun
Pokok Faedah BayaranTahunan
10,130 0 - - -
9,324 1 - - -
8,479 2 - - -
7,591 3 - - -
6,658 4 - - -
5,679 5 - - -
4,652 6 - - -
3,572 7 - - -
2,439 8 - - -
1,249 9 - - -
0 10 - - -
0 11 - - -
0 12 - - -
0 13 - - -
0 14 - - -
0 15 - - -
0 16 - - -
0 17 - - -
0 18 - - -
0 19 - - -
0 20 - - -
ULES

EDULE

Baki Pokok

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Complimentary Edition DEPRECIATION OF FIXE
Susutnilai Aset Tetap
0
Type of Fixed Asset Office furniture & Fittings
Cost (RM) 840
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 840
1 280 280 560
2 280 560 280
3 280 840 -
4 0 0 -
5 0 0 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 0
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Type of Fixed Asset Banner

Cost (RM) 700
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 5
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 700
1 140 140 560
2 140 280 420
3 140 420 280
 4 140 560 140
5 140 700 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 0
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Type of Fixed Asset Machinery & Equipment

Cost (RM) 5,884
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 10
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 5,884
1 588 588 5,296
2 588 1,177 4,707
3 588 1,765 4,119
4 588 2,354 3,530
5 588 2,942 2,942
6 588 3,530 2,354
7 588 4,119 1,765
8 588 4,707 1,177
9 588 5,296 588
10 588 5,884 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 0
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
 3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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ON OF FIXED ASSETS
utnilai Aset Tetap

Type of Fixed Asset Office Equipment

Cost (RM) 4,246
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 5
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 4,246
1 849 849 3,396
2 849 1,698 2,547
3 849 2,547 1,698
4 849 3,396 849
5 849 4,246 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 0
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Type of Fixed Asset Signboard

Cost (RM) 300
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 300
1 100 100 200
2 100 200 100
3 100 300 -
 4 0 0 -
5 0 0 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 0
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Type of Fixed Asset Van

Cost (RM) 7,000
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 5
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 7,000
1 1,400 1,400 5,600
2 1,400 2,800 4,200
3 1,400 4,200 2,800
4 1,400 5,600 1,400
5 1,400 7,000 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 0
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
 3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 PVIFA= 0.6139
7.7217349292

Loan amt Principal Int annual paym

1 10,130 805 506 1,312
2 846 466 1,312
3 888 424 1,312
4 932 380 1,312
5 979 333 1,312
6 1,028 284 1,312
7 1,079 233 1,312
8 1,133 179 1,312
9 1,190 122 1,312
10 1,249 62 1,312
11 0 0 0
12 0 0 0
13 0 0 0
14 0 0 0
15 0 0 0
16 0 0 0
17 0 0 0
18 0 0 0
19 0 0 0
20 0 0 0

2,989 13,118
Balance
9,324.16
8,478.55
7,590.66
6,658.38
5,679
4,652
3,572
2,439
1,249
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

16,106.83
Complimentary Edition

0
Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement

MONTH Pre-Operations January February

CASH INFLOW
17,027
Capital (Cash)
Loan 10,130
Cash Sales 9,500 7,500
Collection of Accounts Receivable 0 9,500

TOTAL CASH RECEIPT 27,157 9,500 17,000

CASH OUTFLOW

Pre-operating & Incorporation Expenditure -

Sales & Marketing Expenditure 700 700
General & Administrative Expenditure 9,029 9,029
Operations & Technical Expenditure 2,327 2,777
Other Expenditure 793
Purchase of Fixed Assets 11,969
Hire-Purchase Repayment:
Principal 0 0
Interest 0 0
Loan Repayment:
Principal 67 67
Interest 42 42
Tax Payable 0 0
TOTAL CASH OUTFLOW 11,969 12,958 12,615
CASH SURPLUS (DEFICIT) 15,188 (3,458) 4,385
BEGINNING CASH BALANCE 15,188 11,729
ENDING CASH BALANCE 15,188 11,729 16,114

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 PRO-FOR

2020 MONTHLY CASH FLOW

March April May June July

7,000 7,500 7,525 7,550 8,000

7,500 7,000 7,500 7,525 7,550

14,500 14,500 15,025 15,075 15,550

700 700 700 700 700

9,029 9,029 9,029 9,029 9,029
3,077 3,077 3,077 3,077 3,077

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

67 67 67 67 67
42 42 42 42 42
0 0 0 0 0
12,915 12,915 12,915 12,915 12,915
1,585 1,585 2,110 2,160 2,635
16,114 17,699 19,285 21,395 23,555
17,699 19,285 21,395 23,555 26,190
 PRO-FORMA CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Aliran Tunai Pro-forma

August September October November December

8,050 8,100 8,100 8,100 15,500

8,000 8,050 8,100 8,100 8,100

16,050 16,150 16,200 16,200 23,600

700 700 700 700 700

9,029 9,029 9,029 9,029 9,029
3,077 3,077 3,077 3,077 3,077

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

67 67 67 67 67
42 42 42 42 42
0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
12,915 12,915 12,915 12,915 #DIV/0!
3,135 3,235 3,285 3,285 #DIV/0!
26,190 29,325 32,560 35,845 39,130
29,325 32,560 35,845 39,130 #DIV/0!
EMENT

2020 2021 2022

17,027 0 0

10,130 0 0
102,425 110,619 112,668
86,925 116,901 112,497

216,507 227,520 225,164 0 0

0
8,400 8,652 8,998 0 0
108,344 111,594 116,058
35,874 28,492 115,146
793 817 850
11,969

0 - -
0 - -

805 846 888

506 466 424
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0
0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Complimentary Edition

PRO-FORMA INCOME STATEMENT

Penyata Pendapatan Pro-forma
0
Pro-forma Income Statement
Years 2020 2021 2022
Sales 204,850 221,238 225,335
Less: Cost of Sales (Notes 1 & 2) 17,700 (50) 189,700 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Gross Profit 187,150 221,288 35,635 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Less: Expenditure
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Expenditure 0
General & Administrative Expenditure 108,344 111,594 116,058 0 0
Sales & Marketing Expenditure 8,400 8,652 8,998 0 0
Operations & Technical Expenditure 18,924 19,492 20,271 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Other Expenditure 793 817 850
Interest on Hire-Purchase 0 0 0
Interest on Loan 506 466 424
Depreciation of Fixed Assets #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Total Expenditure #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Net Income Before Tax #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Tax #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Net Income After Tax #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Accumulated Net Income #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Note 1
Cost of Sales
Opening inventory 0 300 350
Add: Total Purchases 18,000 0 189,750
Carriage Inwards & Duty 0 0 0
Less: Ending Inventory 300 350 400
17,700 (50) 189,700 #VALUE! #VALUE!

0 0 0

2022
2022

2021

2020

190,000 200,000 210,000 220,000

Complimentary Edition

PRO-FORMA BALANCE SHEET

Kunci Kira-Kira Pro-forma
0
Pro-forma Balance Sheet
2020 2021 2022 Main Menu
ASSETS Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement

Non-Current Assets (Book Value) Pro-forma Income Statement

Land & Building 0 0 0 Pro-forma Balance Sheet
Other Fixed Assets #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Financial Performance
Other Assets
Deposit 0 0 0
SUMMARY
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0
Current Assets 2020
2021
Inventory 300 350 400 2022
Accounts Receivable 15,500 9,218 9,389
Cash Balance #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0

TOTAL ASSETS #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 2013

Owners' Equity
Capital 24,027 24,027 2012
24,027
Accumulated Income #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Equity
2011
Long-Term Liabilities Liabilitie
Loan Balance 9,324 8,479 7,591 Sales

Hire-Purchase Balance 0 0 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! 2010

9,324 8,479 7,591 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable 1,050 (7,950) 86,925 2009

TOTAL EQUITY & LIABILITIES #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000

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Complimentary Edition FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Prestasi Kewangan
0

Financial Ratio Analysis 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

LIQUIDITY
Current Ratio #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Quick Ratio (Acid Test) #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

EFFICIENCY
Receivable Turnover 7 12 12 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Inventory Turnover #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

PROFITABILITY
Gross Profit Margin 91.36% 100.02% 15.81% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Net Profit Margin #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Return on Assets #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Return on Equity #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

SOLVENCY
Debt to Equity #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Debt to Assets #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Time Interest Earned #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Break-even Analysis 2020 2021 2022

Total projected sales(RM) 204,850 221,238 225,335
Total variable costs (cost of sales) 17,700 (50) 189,700 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Contribution margin 187,150 221,288 35,635 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Contribution margin ratio 91% 100% 16% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Fixed costs #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total costs #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Net Profit #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Break-even sales #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Percentage of break-even to sales #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Current Ratio Quick Ratio (Acid Test)

12 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

0 0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023

Receivable Turnover Inventory Turnover

14 12

12 10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2

0 0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Gross Profit Margin Net Profit Margin

120% 1200%

100% 1000%

80% 800%

60% 600%

40% 400%

200%
 Gross Profit Margin Net Profit Margin
120% 1200%

100% 1000%

80% 800%

60% 600%

40% 400%

20% 200%

0% 0%
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023

Return on Assets Return on Equity

1200% 1200%

1000% 1000%

800% 800%

600% 600%

400% 400%

200% 200%

0% 0%
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023

Debt to Equity Debt to Assets

1200% 1200%

1000% 1000%

800% 800%

600% 600%

400% 400%

200% 200%

0% 0%
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023

Time Interest Earned

12

10

0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

FinePlanner © 2009 Ismail Ab.W

MANCE

Main Menu 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement Current Ratio #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Pro-forma Income Statement
Pro-forma Balance Sheet 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Financial Performance Quick Ratio (Acid Test) #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Receivable Turnover 7 12 12 #VALUE! #VALUE!

PAYBACK PERIOD FOR 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

START-UP FUND Inventory Turnover #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#DIV/0! 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Gross Profit Margin 91% 100% 16% #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Net Profit Margin #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

INTERNAL RATE OF 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Return on Assets #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!
RETURN (IRR)

#DIV/0!

TIME TO BREAK-EVEN

#DIV/0!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Quick Ratio (Acid Test) Return on Equity #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Debt to Equity #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Debt to Assets #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Time Interest Earned #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Inventory Turnover

0 2021 2022 2023 2024

Net Profit Margin

 Net Profit Margin

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Return on Equity

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Debt to Assets

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TIME TO BREAK-EVEN

#DIV/0!
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

PAYBACK PERIOD FOR START-UP FUND

#DIV/0!
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

\
 BRIEF REPORT

INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)

#DIV/0!
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL PROJECT COST

RM
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 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL PROJECT COST

34,157
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

SOURCES OF FINANCING

Cash
Existing F. Assets
Loan
Hire-Purchase
Total
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

SOURCES OF FINANCING

RM17,027
RM7,000
RM10,130
RM0
RM34,157
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09 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

CASH BALANCE

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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 BRIEF REPORT

CASH BALANCE

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

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 BRIEF REPORT

NET INCOME BEFORE TAX

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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 BRIEF REPORT

T INCOME BEFORE TAX

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

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Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

OWNERS' EQUITY (ACCUMULATED

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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 BRIEF REPORT

NERS' EQUITY (ACCUMULATED)

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

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009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL ASSETS & LIABILITIES (ACCUMULA

ASSETS

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL ASSETS & LIABILITIES (ACCUMULATED)

ASSETS LIABILITIES

#DIV/0! RM #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! RM #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! RM #DIV/0!

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 BRIEF REPORT

ESTIMATED MONTHLY LOAN PAYME

RM 109
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 BRIEF REPORT

MONTHLY LOAN PAYMENT

per month
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mail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

ESTIMATED MONTHLY HIRE-PURCHASE P

RM
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 BRIEF REPORT

ESTIMATED MONTHLY HIRE-PURCHASE PAYMENT

0 per month
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

FinePlan
FINANCIAL PLANNING PACKAGE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES
PROF. MADYA DR. ISMAIL AB.WAHAB, MALAYSIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (MEDEC),
FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM, SELANGO R
 
FinePlanner is an MS Excel-based financial planning package for generating comp
professional and presentable financial projections for start-up entrepreneurs and
Based on market survey and assumptions, FinePlanner generates cash flow, inco
sheet forecasts for up to five years ahead. It makes it suitable for managers and e
knowledge in finance and accounting and who have no previous experience in fin
planning.
 
Objective
FinePlanner is a tool that can assist small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in the
professional, comprehensive and presentable financial projections for business s
Novelty
Dual language: English and Malay Generate comprehensive and presentable fina
years
Suitable for businesses engaged in manufacturing, trading or services
Suitable for incorporated or unincorporated businesses
Suitable for all levels of existing and potential entrepreneurs: students & graduat
corporate entrepreneurs, rural entrepreneurs, agro entrepreneurs, etc.
USER 'S GUIDE
FinePlan
FINANCIAL PLANNING PACKAGE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES
PROF. MADYA DR. ISMAIL AB.WAHAB, MALAYSIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (MEDEC),
FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM, SELANGO R
 
FinePlanner is an MS Excel-based financial planning package for generating comprehensive, highly
professional and presentable financial projections for start-up entrepreneurs and small business operators.
Based on market survey and assumptions, FinePlanner generates cash flow, income statement and balance
sheet forecasts for up to five years ahead. It makes it suitable for managers and entrepreneurs with minimal
knowledge in finance and accounting and who have no previous experience in financial or business
planning.
 
Objective
FinePlanner is a tool that can assist small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in the preparation of
professional, comprehensive and presentable financial projections for business start-up and expansion.
Novelty
Dual language: English and Malay Generate comprehensive and presentable financial projection up to five
years
Suitable for businesses engaged in manufacturing, trading or services
Suitable for incorporated or unincorporated businesses
Suitable for all levels of existing and potential entrepreneurs: students & graduates entrepreneurs,
corporate entrepreneurs, rural entrepreneurs, agro entrepreneurs, etc.

Getting Started

Before you start the planning process, select the language by clicking “English” or “Malay” buttons planning period.

v  Select the planning period (3 or 5 years).

v  Choose first year of planning period and first month of planning period.

v  Select the legal form of business (private limited company or sole-proprietorship and others)

v  Select nature of business (manufacturing, trading/distribution or service)

Financial Forecasting

v  Click Capital expenditure projections menu for entering the projected cost of each fixed assets required for
business. Please key in the cost of new fixed assets and/or the market value for existing fixed assets (if an
Determine the number of years of economic or productive life for each asset (except land & building). The econo
life of an asset refers to the period (normally expressed in number of years) whereby the asset can be economic
used i.e. without much maintenance or breakdowns.
v  Next, select the depreciation method for all assets. The recommended method for calculating depreciation is eit
straight-line or declining balance. The simplest and most commonly used is straight line method. It is calculated
taking the purchase or acquisition price of an asset subtracted by the salvage value divided by the total produc
years the asset can be reasonably expected to benefit the company [called “useful life” in accounting jargon].
planning purposes, the salvage value can be zero. The declining method of depreciation accelerates depreciat
faster than the straight-line method because it bases each year's depreciation on the assets’ previous-year net bo
value.

v  Go back to the main menu.

Projection of Pre-operating and Working Capital Expenditure

v  First, determine the pre-operating and incorporation costs. The pre-operating cost can includes busin
registration and licences, legal fees , stamp duties etc.

v  Next, estimate the sales and marketing costs, general and administrative costs, and operations and techni
costs. These costs are incurred every month and are generally known as working capital. Other costs which are
paid monthly but are incurred every year can be included under other expenditure (annually) category such
payment of road tax and insurance for motor vehicles, licences etc.

v  Estimate the increment rate for working capital expenditure (if any). Next, choose the current and estimated rates
corporate taxation from the list. The system will only calculate the amount of tax for private limited company.

v  Go back to the main menu.

Projections for Sales and Purchases

v  Fill in the sales projections table. Sales (or revenues) refers to the sales forecast derived from the
marketing plan. It is the total of forecasted cash and credit sales for each year throughout the planned
period. Sales are to be forested monthly (first planning year) and annually (after first year).
v  The amount of monthly purchases in the purchase Projections table should be equal to the amount
purchases that have been projected in the working capital section under operations and technical cos
category.
v  If there some credit sales or purchases, choose the percentage of credit sales collections and credit
purchase payments in the columns provided.
v  Next, estimate the ending inventory of raw materials and finished goods (for manufacturing
businesses only). For trading and distribution businesses, the ending inventory figures are to be entered
the ending inventory of finished goods column only. It is assumed that there is no ending inventory fo
businesses involved in service industry. If your businesses are involved in both trading and service
activities, please select trading/distribution category under nature of business in the main menu.

v  Go back to the main menu.

Project Costs and Financing
v  The project cost is the total cost of implementation of the proposed project. The project cost schedul
incorporates both long and short terms expenditure needed to start the business. The components of th
schedule include capital expenditure, working capital, pre-operating and incorporation costs, other
expenditure and provision for contingency.

v  The sources of financing schedule shows various sources of finance available to fund the business.
These could be internal and external sources of finance. The internal sources of finance include equity
contributions in cash and/or existing assets. External sources may include term loan and hire purchase
For planning purposes, other sources such as grants and money borrowed from individuals should be
considered as own cash contributions. For each asset and working capital required, p lease choose the
type of financing from the list provided in the sources of financing column.
v  The amount of working capital is dependent upon the period until the business can generate enough
sales to cover its short-term expenditure. Therefore, the amount of working capital needed could be in th
range of one to six months. Please select the number of months from the list provided in relevant colum

v  The final component of the project cost is provision for contingency. This cost is added to the total cost of
other four components based on a certain percentage (usually between 5 to 10 percent). The reason for includ
contingency cost in the project implementation cost schedule is to take care of any variance of the actual from
budgeted expenditure. For example, if the cost of materials increases during the planned period, the firm can uti
this fund to cover the extra cost without having to search for new funding.

SUMMARY AND SCHEDULES

This section presents the supporting schedules relating to the information that have been provided in the forecasting secti
The schedules are project cost and sources of funds summary, fixed assets and depreciation schedules, and loan amortizati
schedule.

REPORTS AND ANALYSIS

This section presents the pro-forma financial statements and analysis of the financial performance and position of the propo
project.

Pro-forma cash flow statement

v  Pro forma cash flow statement refers to the projected statement of cash inflows and outflows throughout the plann
period. Under normal circumstances, the pro forma cash flow statement is prepared between three to five consecutive ye
with monthly details for the first year. The pro forma cash flow statement shows the following information:
·         Cash inflows – the projected amount of cash flowing into the company.
·         Cash outflows – the projected amount of cash flowing out of the company.
·         Cash deficit or surplus – the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows.
·         Cash position – the beginning and ending cash balances for a particular period.

Pro-forma Income Statement

 v  The pro forma income statement shows the expected profit for the planned period. The statement shows the
following information:
·         Gross profit
·         Net profit

v  Gross profit is the gross margin realised after deducting the cost of goods sold from sales. It represents the
amount of profit before deducting other operating expenditure such as administration expenditure, marketing
expenditure, operations expenditure (for a trading entity), interest charges, depreciation charges on fixed assets
(except for a manufacturing concern) and other miscellaneous expenditure incurred throughout the year in orde
to obtain the net profit before tax.

Pro-forma Balance Sheet

v  While the pro forma income statement shows the financial performance of the company for the planned peri
the pro forma balance sheet shows the financial position of the company at a specific point in time in terms of
assets owned and how those assets are financed. The pro forma balance sheet is prepared for a period of three
years.

v  The general elements of the pro forma balance sheet include:

·         assets
·         owner’s equity
·         liabilities

v  Assets are the economic resources of a business that are expected to be of benefit in the future. Assets report
in the balance sheet are generally categorised into two categories: non-current and current assets.
v  Non-current assets include fixed assets and other assets that are owned and usually held to produce product
services. These assets are not intended for sale in the short term. Examples: property, plant, machinery,
equipment, vehicles, major renovations and long-term investments. For fixed assets, the values shown in the
balance sheet are the book value i.e. the original cost less the accumulated depreciation.

v  Current assets are short-term assets that can be converted into cash within a year. Examples: cash, inventorie
(raw materials, work-in-process and/or finished goods), receivables and other short-term investments.

v  Owners’ equity refers to capital contributions from the owners or shareholders in terms of cash or assets plus
the accumulated amount of net income. However, if the business suffers a loss, the amount of loss will be deduc
from the capital contributions.
v  Liabilities are the amounts owed by the business to outsiders. They are categorised as non-current (long-term
and current liabilities.
v  Non-current or long-term liabilities refer to the long-term obligations of the business that mature in a period
more than one year. They usually include long-term loans as well as hire purchase.
v  Current liabilities refer to the short-term obligations of the business that mature within a period of less than a
year. The most common forms of current liabilities are accounts payable and accrued payments

Financial Analysis
v  Financial analysis is a technique of examining financial statements to help the entrepreneur analyse the financ
position and performance of the business.
v  Financial analysis involves two basic steps: generating the information from the financial statements and
interpreting the results.
v  The most common form of financial analysis is “ratio analysis”.
 v  Financial ratios are normally used to compare figures from the financial statement with other figures, so that t
true meaning of financial pictures can be obtained.
v  There are various financial ratios that the entrepreneur can look at. However, the most commonly considered
ratios in small business decision-making fall into four categories: liquidity, efficiency, profitability and solvency.

v  Liquidity Ratio: The term liquidity refers to the availability of liquid assets to meet short-term obligations. Thus, liquidity ra
measure the ability of the business to pay its monthly bills.The most widely used liquidity ratios are current ratio and quick ra
Current ratio can be determined by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities. Generally, this ratio shows
business’ ability to generate cash to meet its short-term obligations. Quick ratio, also known as the acid test ratio, measures
extent to which current liabilities are covered by liquid assets. To determine quick ratio, the calculation of liquid assets does
take into account inventrories since it is sometimes difficult to convert them into cash quickly.

v  The efficiency ratios measure how efficient the business uses its assets to generate sales. The most widely used efficie
ratio for planning purposes is inventory turnover ratio. Inventory turnover (or stock turnover) measures the number of tim
inventories have been converted into sales and indicates how liquid the inventory is. All other things being equal, the higher
turnover figure, the more liquid the business is. This ratio divides the cost of sales (or cost of goods sold) by the average value
inventory. The average value of inventory is derived by adding the opening and closing balance of and dividing the total by tw

v  Profitability ratios are important indicators of the business’ financial performance. Investors will particularly be interested
these ratios since they measure the performance and growth potential of the business. Some of the commonly used profitab
ratios are gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets and return on equity. Gross profit margin give a good indicati
of financial health of the business. Without an adequate gross margin, the business will be unable to pay its operating and ot
expenses. Gross profit margin is calculated by dividing the business gross income by sales. Net profit margin is an indication
how effective the business is at cost control. The higher the net profit margin, the more effective the business is at converti
sales into actual profit. Net profit margin is calculated by dividing the business net income by sales. Return of assets measu
the overall return that the business is able to make on its assets. This ratio is derived by dividing the business net profit by to
assets. Return of equity shows what the business has earned on its owners’ investment in the business. This ratio is derived
dividing the business net profit by total equity.

This final category of ratios i.e. Solvency Ratios, is designed to help the entrepreneur measure the degree of financial risk that
his business faces. By referring to this ratio, the entrepreneur can assess his level of debt and decide whether it is appropriate
for the business. The most commonly used solvency ratios are total debt (liabilities) to equity (also known as leverage or
gearing), total debt to total assets, and times interest earned (also known as interest coverage). The total debt to equity ratio
measures the percentage of the business’ assets financed by creditors relative to the percentage financed by the owners. This
ratio is calculated by dividing the the total debt by total equity. The debt to asset ratio measures the percentage of the
business’ assets financed by creditors relative to the percentage financed by the entrepreneur. This ratio is calculated by divid
the total debts by total assets. Times interest earned ratio measures the number of times interest expense can be covered by
profit before interest and tax. This ratio is calculated by dividing total inte
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