STUDY GUIDE

For the Committee:

WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME

On the Agenda:
“Ensuring Food Security to
Eradicate Hunger and Malnutrition Post COVID-19”
Message from the Executive Board
Honorable Delegates,
We welcome you all to Pundranagar International Digital Model United Nations-2020.
Amidst a pandemic, we believe this online initiative will definitely give you the best
opportunity to furnish your skills the days of quarantine through meeting enthusiasts
from around the globe.
On the outset, we must be aware of the Mandate of the Committee and understand
that though general debate can happen on this agenda, the resolutions made during council
cannot pertain to matters beyond the ambit of our mandate. We, the members of the
Executive Board, do indeed expect the discussion in committee to follow a certain direction
that shall be made clear by this guide, however, we would highly appreciate delegates to
find different viewpoints and angles to the issues put forward by the agenda. Your Executive
Board is here to guide debate, and will be taking part in substantive debate only through the
updates and questions to you. Regarding Rules of procedure, we would ask you to be
conversant in them but not regard them as a barrier in your discussion. Rules of
Procedure were made to aid debate, not hamper it, so we would hope that you will
continue the discussion bearing the ROP. Further, we would love for the delegates to converse
among themselves and promptly let the Executive Board know if they wish for any queries.
The delegates must go through the study guide for the effective preparation of MUN. But the
study guide is not enough. Please follow the schedule. We will use zoom for the committee
sessions. We will give the meeting ID and password before the sessions. Don’t be late. Don’t
rely completely on Wi-Fi. Have your own data pack for a fruitful online MUN.
It is our wish that this study guide will help you to prepare for the conference, if
further question arises, please do not hesitate to contact us. See you all very soon!

Best Wishes,
S.M Azharul Islam, Chairperson
Abraham Hino Samuel Jose, Co-chairperson
Aditya Chowdhury, Vice-Chairperson
Shihab Ahmed, Director

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 World Food Programme (WFP)
Committee Overview
The World Food Programme (WFP) is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations and
the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food
security.According to the WFP, it provides food assistance to an average of 91.4 million people in 83
countries each year. From its headquarters in Rome and from more than 80 country offices around the
world, the WFP works to help people who cannot produce or obtain enough food for themselves and
their families. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its executive
committee.

Activities of WFP
In 2013, the WFP reached 80.9 million people in 75 countries and provided 3.1 million tons of food,
including nutritionally enriched ready-to-use therapeutic foods.7.8 million malnourished children
received special nutritional support in 2013, and 18.6 million children received school meals or take-
home rations.

In 2015, the WFP reached 76.7 million people in 81 countries. In emergencies, more than 50 million
people were reached in order to improve their nutrition and food security. School meals were
provided to 17.4 million children, helping keep them in school to ensure uninterrupted access
to education.

The WFP has scaled up its use of cash and vouchers as food assistance tools. Cash or
voucher programmes supported 7.9 million people in 2013. In the same year, the WFP purchased food
in 91 countries; 86% of that food came from developing countries. In 2017 WTF launched the
Building Blocks Program. It aims to distribute money-for-food assistance to Syrian refugees in
Jordan. The project uses block chain technology to digitize identities and allow refugees to receive
food with eye scanning.

Emergency Response Classifications

The WFP has a system of classifications known as the Emergency Response Classifications Designed
for situations that require immediate response.

This response is activated under the following criteria :

When human suffering exists and domestic governments cannot respond adequately,

The United Nations reputation is under scrutiny,

When there is an obvious need for aid from the WFP.

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The Emergency Response Classifications are divided as follows, with
emergency intensity increasing with each level:
Level 1 – Response is activated. Resources are allocated to prepare for the WFP's local office to
respond.

Level 2 – A country's resources require regional assistance with an emergency across one or multiple
countries/territories.

Level 3 (L3) – The emergency overpowers the WFP's local offices and requires a global response
from the entire WFP organization.

Agenda:Ensuring food security to eradicate hunger and malnutrition post COVID-19”

Food Security in COVID-19

Alarmed by a potential rise in food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries and
organizations are mounting special efforts to keep agriculture safely running as an essential business,
markets well supplied in affordable and nutritious food, and consumers still able to access and
purchase food despite movement restrictions and income losses.

Agenda Overview

Global markets for food staples are well supplied and prices are generally stable (see
Commodity Markets Outlook for more details). Global production levels for the three most
widely consumed staples (rice, wheat and maize) are at or near all-time highs. However, the prices of
certain cash crops
-- an important source of rural income -- have been depressed by the slowing of global demand. Given
the status of global food supplies, export restrictions are unwarranted and could hurt food security in
importing countries. The World Bank has joined other organizations in calling for collective action to
keep food trade flowing between countries. There are encouraging signs that countries are heeding the
lessons of past food price crises, with Agriculture Ministers from the G20, African Union, ASEAN
countries and Latin American and Caribbean agreeing on the need to keep global food markets open
and refrain from imposing new trade barriers so that food is not lacking.

However, as the coronavirus crisis unfolds, disruptions in domestic food supply chains and
other shocks affecting food production, and loss of incomes and remittances are creating strong
tensions
and food security risks in many countries.
4
Labor shortages (due to morbidity, movement restrictions, social distancing rules) are starting to
impact producers, processors, traders and trucking/logistics companies in food supply chains –
particularly for food products that require workers to be in close proximity. Ensuring farmers have
access to inputs and labor for the next planting season is another common area of concern
across countries.

At the same time, loss of income and remittances is reducing people’s ability to buy food
and compensate farmers for their production. The United Nations World Food Programme has
warned that an estimated 265 million people could face acute food insecurity by the end of 2020, up
from 135 million people before the crisis, because of this. Food producers also face large losses on
perishable and nutritious food as buyers have become limited and traders stop engaging with farmers.

Food security “hot spots” include: fragile and conflict-affected states, where logistics and
distribution are difficult even without morbidity and social distancing. countries affected by multiple
crises resulting from more frequent extreme weather events and pests such as the current
locusts plague – the worst in decades— impacting food production in 23 countries. the poor and
vulnerable, including the more than 820 million people who were already chronically food insecure
before the COVID-19 crisis impacted movement and incomes. Countries with significant currency
depreciation, (driving up the cost of food imports) and countries seeing other commodity prices
collapse (reducing their capacity to import food).

Mitigating Covid-19 impacts on food and agriculture

The coronavirus (Covid-19) continues to wreak havoc on many countries. National lockdown
strategy, as a panacea, has been adopted by all countries. This strategy imposed a plethora of Covid-
19 protecting measures (such as border closures, restrictions of movement, closures of
restaurants, community quarantines, and market, supply chain and trade disruptions) that have
significantly affected agricultural production, food supply, and demand.

Globally, around 820 million people are experiencing chronic hunger - not eating enough
caloric energy to live healthy lives. They are highly vulnerable to any disruptions to their
livelihoods or access to food. Likewise, small-scale farmers are vulnerable as they are hindered from
working on their land/accessing markets to sell their products or buy seeds and other essential inputs.

Evidence indicates that quarantines and panic during the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in
Sierra
Leone (2014-2016), for example, led to a spike in hunger and malnutrition.

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Protectionist measures across the globe could aggravate the Covid-19

Vietnam, for example, the world's third-biggest rice exporter, has temporarily suspended rice export
contracts. Kazakhstan, the biggest source of wheat, has banned exports of wheat flour. Advocates say
"trade barriers will create extreme volatility." Panic-buying disrupts food distribution. As Covid-19
spreads, many are stockpiling staples temporarily, leaving markets empty. Agricultural economists are
concerned about the current and imminent implications of Covid-19.

The food supply chain is a complex web that involves producers, agricultural inputs, transportation,
processing plants, shipping etc. As of now, disruptions are minimal as food supply has been adequate,
and markets have been stable. Experts opine that current blockages to transport routes,
transport restrictions and quarantine measures, shortages of labor, and spikes in product's prices are
obstructive for fresh food supply chains and might also result in increased levels of food loss and
waste. These obstructions are likely to impede farmers' access to markets, curbing their productive
capacities, and hindering them from selling their produce. Shortages of labour could disrupt the
production and processing of food, notably for labor-intensive crops.

Covid-19 could affect food demand in various ways. Usually, when reduced income and uncertainty
make people spend less and result in shrinking demand. In the period of lockdown, people are less
visiting food markets that affect their food choice (buying more cereal crops) and consumption, i.e., a
rise in eating at home. Food demand is linked to income. Hence, poor people's loss of income-earning
opportunities could impact on consumption.

Agricultural production and trade are likely to be affected by the policy measures (e.g., implementing
higher controls on cargo vessels) aimed at avoiding the further spread of Covid-19. Moreover,
production could be hampered due to restrictions of free movement of people as well as a shortage of
seasonal workers. These barriers ultimately affect market prices.

It is high time to determine the risks and impacts of Covid-19 on food security, nutrition,
and agriculture and to take proactive measures. The social and economic costs of Covid-19 are huge
(and still unfolding). Meeting the immediate food needs of vulnerable people is a vital
measure of addressing Covid-19 impacts. Emergency food needs can be ensured by distributing food
to the most vulnerable families (beggars, day labourers, rickshaw pullers, van pullers,
transport workers, restaurants workers, and small roadside tea stall owners) and improving
communication on access points for food deliveries, distribution times, and measures to reduce the
risks. The government must take steps for several sectors or groups. For instance, farmers who are
involved with crab, shrimp, and
fish production face several export bans that have substantial economic loss.

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Boosting social protection programmes are crucial to protect incomes and purchasing power,
particularly for the most affected households. Government should provide conditional or
unconditional cash transfers, public works programmes that help reduce unemployment;
or policies/monitoring aimed at stabilizing food prices, and protecting incomes from damaging out-of-
pocket healthcare costs by ensuring coverage of essential health services. The central bank
could inject funds in the agricultural sector through a grant facility, which might help agro-based
micro, small & medium enterprises (SMEs), casual laborers, and low salaried people.

Avoiding trade restrictions (that restrict trade and mobility of commodities) would be beneficial to
keep food, feed, and input supplies. The UN's food body has warned: "protectionist measures
by governments during the coronavirus crisis could provoke food shortages around the world."

Active measures are required for reducing food waste and losses, providing subsidies for food
consumers, and reducing import tariffs. Moreover, the government could temporarily reduce VAT and
other taxes, review taxation policy on imported goods to compensate for potential cost increases, and
assess exchange devaluation's potential impacts.

Mitigating Covid-19 impact essentially needs assessment. This assessment could anticipate and
mitigate the pandemic's impacts on people's food security and livelihoods. It also would contribute to
discussions on reducing Covid-19's effects on food and agriculture as well as to determine
what assistance the government requires from the development partners, e.g., FAO (Food and
Agriculture Organization), UNDP (United Nations Development Programmed), and the World Bank.

Questions that a Resolution Must Answer: (QARMA)

1. How will the pandemic affect food demand?
2. Are People's food security and livelihoods at high risk due to the pandemic?
3. How is the pandemic affecting or will affect food prices?
4. What is the pandemic’s impact on the global economy?
5. How to mitigate COVID-19 negative impacts on global food security?
6. How can we support farmers and farmer organizations in the next months to protect
them and prevent the health crisis becoming a food crisis?
7. What are the implications of the COVID-19 situation (now and in the future) for food
production, agricultural and fishery/aquaculture supply chains and markets?

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Further Reading:
 https://www.wfp.org/

 https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-and-

covid-19

 https://insight.wfp.org/covid-19-and-the-5-major-threats-it-poses-to-global-

food-security-1c4da2ff6657

 https://www.ilo.org/sector/Resources/publications/WCMS_742023/lang--

en/index.htm

 https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/global-report-food-crises-reveals-

scope-food-crises-covid-19-poses-new-risks

 https://www.afro.who.int/news/covid-19-could-deepen-food-insecurity-

malnutrition-africa

 https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/preventing-a-covid-19-food-

crisis/

 https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_policy_brief_on_covid_impact_on_

food_security.pdf

 https://www.ifpri.org/

 https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-food-crises-reveals-scope-

food-crises-covid-19-poses-new-risks-vulnerable

 https://scalingupnutrition.org/covid19/

 https://time.com/5820381/coronavirus-food-shortages-hunger/

 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/food-insecurity-and-knock-effects-covid-19-

hungriest-countries

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Position Paper Guidelines
Writing a position paper might appear to be a daunting task, especially for new delegates. But
with enough research, you will find that writing a position paper will be easy and useful.
Position papers are usually one to one-and-a-half pages in length. Your position paper should
include a brief introduction followed by a comprehensive breakdown of your country's
position on the topics that are being discussed by the committee. A good position paper will
not only provide facts but also make proposals for resolutions.
A good position paper will include:
• A brief introduction to your country and its history concerning the topic and committee;
• How the issue affects your country;
• Your country's policies with respect to the issue and your country's justification for these
policies;
• Quotes from your country's leaders about the issue;
• Statistics to back up your country's position on the issue;
• Actions taken by your government with regard to the issue;
• Conventions and resolutions that your country has signed or ratified;
• UN actions that your country supported or opposed;
• What your country believes should be done to address the issue;
• What your country would like to accomplish in the committee's resolution; and
• How the positions of other countries affect your country's position.

Instructions to write Position Paper

 Keep it simple.

To communicate strongly and effectively, avoid flowery wording and stick to uncomplicated
language and sentence structure.

 Make it official.
Try to use the seal of your country or create an "official" letterhead for your position paper.
The more realistic it looks; the more others will want to read it.
 Font
Font should be Times New Roman and font size should be 12.
 Line Spacing
1 or 1.15

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  Page Limit
One position paper has to be limited at max 2 A4 size pages.
 Get organized
Give each separate idea or proposal its own paragraph. Make sure each paragraph starts with a
topic sentence.
 Speech! Speech!
Do you plan to make an opening statement at your conference? A good position paper makes
a great introductory speech. During debate, a good position paper will also help you to stick to
your country's policies.
 Let the bullets fly.
Try not to let your proposals become lost in a sea of information. For speechmaking, create a
bulleted list of your proposals along with your most important facts and statistics so that you
will not lose time looking for them during debate.
 Use Reference
Use footnotes or endnotes to show where you found your facts and statistics. You can use
different format of reference like bibliography, MLA or APA format, or you can just
use bullet points to write down the websites link.

How to Send???

1. Covert the file into PDF and rename it to PP_WFP_Country Name

(E.g. PP_WFP_Bangladesh)

2. Email Subject name: PIDMUN_PP_WFP_Country Name

(E.g. PIDMUN_PP_WFP_Bangladesh)

3. Email to: ahmedshihab143@gmail.com

th
4. Submission Deadline: 11:59 pm, 30 June, 2020

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Sample Position Paper

Committee: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Country: People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Agenda-A: Preventing Toxic Narratives about refugees and migrants while supporting their
economic inclusion

At the very first the simple difference between refugees and migrants is the willingness to
move from one place to another. In simple words, a migrant is a person who willingly
chooses to move from his own territory to another country for numerous reasons. Most
of them move to be with family or for economic reasons. On the other hand, a
refugee is someone who has been forced to move from own homeland and cross national
boundaries
and who cannot return home safely for various reasons.

Whether it is refugees or migrant currently there are powerful voices around the world that are
composed to criticize refugees and turn them into objects of fear and enmity. This is very
often the outcome of negative ideas and feelings centered on a phobia of the outsider based on
ethnicity and race, religion, income, language, etc. For these, they usually suffered from hate
speech, incitement to violence, harassment in public place and bullying in social media. This
is divisive and can lead to violence and repression. Again refugees are not allowed to work in
most of the asylum countries. According to the United Nations High Commissioners for
Refugees (UNHCR) report, a large majority of the world’s refugees about 85 percent live in
developing countries where the host country also suffering from unemployment,
underpayment, job securities, etc. So usually its economy faces a great effect to cope with the
economic impact of refugee flows. This becomes the toughest barrier for the inclusion
of refugees in the economy.

In Bangladesh currently, there are about 1.5 million refugees and of them, almost 1.1 million
are the Rohingyas who came here in 2017 fleeing from their origin country the Rakhine State
of Myanmar. Bangladesh gave them shelter without any hesitation when some neighboring
blocked their borders. The Government of Bangladesh gave them living places in Kotapalong
camp, Ukhiya, Teknaf and also shared food. But currently, the situation is becoming worse
because the Rohingya community do not want to go back to their country because they are
afraid, they are feared of being oppressed again by the Myanmar military. They are feared

11
they will be deprived of the basic human rights and other facilities. That is why the
Rohingyas want to live here permanently or for a long time. But these are putting a
great effect in this country. These are bringing effect on the natural resources,
environment, climate, economy, and national security also. According to the survey of
a government intelligence team, it has also found that the refugees are working in some
organizations and also caught during drug cartel and drug trade where it is strictly prohibited
according to the law of the government. There also happened some causality with local
people. That is why our citizens of the country are having a negative thought about these
refugees. So, in order to prevent these toxic narratives about the refuges mainly the Rohingyas
the first and foremost step is the Government of Myanmar should take immediate steps for the
repatriation of their people.

The delegation of Bangladesh would like to propose the Myanmar government to take
necessary steps as soon as possible for the returning of the Rohingyas by ensuring to give
them citizenship and also other rights and facilities. After resettling most of the refugees in the
origin country, then it is quite easy to provide shelter to a limited number of refugees. Hence
the delegation of Bangladesh would like to propose some steps as if those limited
number of refugees do not face any toxic narratives: the government should introduce a
new law to stop hate speech in public place; government or private organization can be
established to communicate with refugees; social media owner may introduce a
new mechanism to blockage all types of cyber bullying; political leader or
celebrities can hold seminar or conference to encourage the citizen for making
well communication with refugee. Through these steps, the negative thoughts about
refugees may be mitigated at large day by day. But at the question of involving them in
the economy, it should be mentioned that Bangladesh is a developing country where
there are millions of youths are unemployed, there a very shortage of government and
private jobs. So, it is quite impossible to include the refugees in the economy.
Again according to the government law, refugees have not been given any
work permit. However this delegation always hold a positive look, thus delegation
would like to propose other top leading economic countries as well as the government of
Bangladesh: to make new or reform the law and provide work permit to the refugee so
that they can rebuild their life and earn themselves; provide training to teach them the
best use of natural resources; utilizing their different skills in a efficient way can achieve
a big goal as well as increase the economic growth.

Resources:

1. https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/
2. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/myanmar_refugees
3. https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/en/rohingya-refugee-crisis-0
4. https://ijrcenter.org/refugee-law/
5. https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/55df0e556/unhcr-viewpoint-refugee-
migrant-right.html
6. https://www.manpower.com.bd/visa/work-permit/

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Sample Working Paper
Working paper 1.0

Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee

Agenda: Utilizing Cyberspace to Strengthen Domestic Governance.

Authors: Commonwealth of Australia, Islamic republic of Afghanistan, Peoples’ Republic of

China, Arab Republic of Egypt, French Republic, Federal Republic of German, The republic
of India, Islamic republic of Iran, State of Japan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Islamic republic
of Pakistan, Swiss Confederation, Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Kingdom of
Netherlands, Kingdom of Norway, Russian Federation, United States of America, United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island

1. Each state will ensure the security of the privacy rights of their citizen by limited surveillance
through encrypted data.
2. Establishment of cyber security agencies and reforming existing conventions or frameworks
which will operate to
(i) Host computer emergency response team as a regulatory body for both private and
governmental stakeholders.
(ii) To attract and introduce a group of experts to decrease the vulnerability of states to
cyber attacks
3. Considering internet sovereignty in regards of private or public bodies upon certain condition.
4. International cyber peace treaty can be created and advocated by International
telecommunications union.
5. Multilateral dialogue on foreign cyber policy should be adopted.
6. Requests all member states to form a crisis management team by choice of the state for
countering cyber-crime and terrorism
7. Ensure accountability of wrongful cyber acts inside the borders of a state for violating due
diligence toward cyberspace.
8. Introduction of new policy by connecting convention of Cybercrime CPTE no 185, EU
Framework decision 2003, UN Security resolution 1373 to stop funding cyber terrorist
organization.
9. Alliance of nations to tackle future challenges regarding cyberspace and disregard of good
governance.
10. Promote an open interoperable and reliable and secure internet.
11. Regulation of economic issues relating to cyberspace and or terminal violation of governance.
12. Promoting essential IT education from disregarding any levels.

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Draft Resolutions
The final results of research, caucusing and negotiation are resolutions — written suggestions
for addressing a specific problem or issue. Resolutions, which are drafted by delegates and
voted on by the committee, normally require a simple majority to pass (except in the Security
Council). Only Security Council resolutions can compel nations to take action. All other UN
bodies use resolutions to make recommendations or suggestions for future action.

Draft resolutions are all resolutions that have not yet been voted on. Delegates write draft
resolutions with other countries.
There are three main parts to a draft resolution:
1. Heading
The heading contains four pieces of information:
(i) the committee name,
(ii) the sponsors,
(iii) the signatories,
(iv) the Agenda

2. Pre-ambulatory clauses
The pre-ambulatory clauses states all the issues that the committee wants to resolve on this
issue. It may state reasons why the committee is working on this issue and highlight previous
international actions on the issue.

3. Operative clauses

Operative clauses state the solutions that the sponsors of the resolution propose to resolve
the issues. The operative clauses should address the issues specifically mentioned in the
pre-ambulatory clauses above it.

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 Tips for Resolution Writing:

 Perambulatory clauses are historic justifications for action. Use them to cite past resolutions,

precedents and statements about the purpose of action.

 Operative clauses are policies that the resolution is designed to create. Use them to explain

what the committee will do to address the issue.

 Try to cite facts whenever possible.

 Create a detailed resolution. For example, if your resolution calls for a new program, think

about how it will be funded and what body will manage it.

 Be realistic. Do not create objectives for your resolution that cannot be met. Make sure your

body can take the action suggested. For example, the General Assembly can’t sanction

another country – only the Security Council can do so.

 Solicit the views of many states. Your committee will be more likely to approve the

resolutions if many delegates contribute ideas.

 Be sure to follow the format for resolutions provided by the conference organizers.

 Perambulatory Clauses: The preamble of a resolution states the reasons for which the

committee is addressing the topic and highlights past international action on the issue. Each

clause begins with a present participle (called a perambulatory phrase) and ends with a

comma.

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PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES
The preamble of a draft resolution states the reasons for which the committee is addressing the topic
and high- lights past international action on the issue. Each clause begins with a present participle
(called a perambulatory phrase) and ends with a comma. Perambulatory clauses can include:
 References to the UN Charter;
 Citations of past UN resolutions or treaties on the topic under discussion;
 Citations of past UN resolutions or treaties on the topic under discussion;
 Mentions of statements made by the Secretary-General or a relevant UN body or
agency;
 Recognition of the efforts of regional or nongovernmental organizations in dealing
with the issue; and General statements on the topic, its significance and its impact.

SAMPLE PREAMBULATORY PHRASES

Affirming Desiring Having considered Noting with approval

Alarmed by Emphasizing Having considered Observing

Approving Expecting further Reaffirming

Aware of Expressing its Having devoted Realizing

Bearing in mind appreciation attention Recalling

Believing Expressing its Having examined Recognizing

Confident satisfaction Having heard Seeking

Contemplating Fulfilling Having received Taking into account

Convinced Fully alarmed Having studied Taking into account

Declaring Fully aware Keeping in mind Taking into

Deeply concerned Fully believing Noting with regret consideration

Deeply conscious Further deploring Noting with deep Taking note

Deeply convinced Further recalling concern Viewing with

Deeply disturbed Guided by Noting with satisfaction appreciation

Deeply regretting Having adopted Noting further Welcoming

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OPERATIVE CLAUSES
Operative clauses identify the actions or recommendations made in a resolution. Each
operative clause begins with a verb (called an operative phrase) and ends with a semicolon.
Operative clauses should be organized in a logical progression, with each containing a single
idea or proposal, and are always numbered. If a clause requires further explanation, bulleted
lists set off by letters or roman numerals can also be used. After the last operative clause, the
resolution ends in a period.

Sample Operative Clauses

Accepts Deplores Emphasizes Notes

Affirms Designates Encourages Proclaims

Approves Draws the attention Endorses Reaffirms

Authorizes Emphasizes Expresses its Recommends

Calls Encourages appreciation Regrets

Calls upon Endorses Expresses its hope Reminds

Condemns Expresses its Further invites Requests

Confirms appreciation Further proclaims Solemnly affirms

Congratulates Expresses its hope Further reminds Strongly condemns

Considers Further invites Further recommends Supports

Declares accordingly Deplores Further requests Takes note of

Designates Further resolves Transmits

Draws the attention Has resolved Trusts

17
Sample Draft Resolution
Resolution GA/3/1.1

General Assembly Third Committee

Sponsors: United States, Austria and Italy

Signatories: Greece, Tajikistan, Japan, Canada, Mali, the Netherlands and Gabon
Topic: "Strengthening UN coordination of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies"
The General Assembly,
Reminding all nations of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which recognizes the inherent dignity, equality and inalienable rights of all
global citizens, [use commas to separate perambulatory clauses]
Reaffirming its Resolution 33/1996 of 25 July 1996, which encourages Governments to
work with UN bodies aimed at improving the coordination and effectiveness of humanitarian
assistance,
Noting with satisfaction the past efforts of various relevant UN bodies and nongovernmental
organizations,
Stressing the fact that the United Nations faces significant financial obstacles and is in need
of reform, particularly in the humanitarian realm,
The General Assembly

1) Encourages all relevant agencies of the United Nations to collaborate more closely
with countries at the grassroots level to enhance the carrying out of relief efforts; [use
semicolons to separate operative clauses]
2) Urges member states to comply with the goals of the UN Department of
Humanitarian
3) Affairs to streamline efforts of humanitarian aid;
4) Requests that all nations develop rapid deployment forces to better enhance the
coordination of relief efforts of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies;
5) Calls For the development of a United Nations Trust Fund that encourages voluntary
donations from the private transnational sector to aid in funding the implementation of
rapid deployment forces;
6) Stresses the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the political,
economic and social situations and events of all countries;
7) Calls upon states to respond quickly and generously to consolidated appeals for
humanitarian assistance; and
8) Requests The expansion of preventive actions and assurance of post-conflict
assistance through reconstruction and development. [end resolutions with a period

18
Amendments
A draft resolution must gain the support of half of the member states in the committee before
it can be approved by the Chair. The Chair will read the draft resolution to ensure that it is
relevant and in proper format. Once approved the Chair will circulate copies to all members
of the committee for further consideration and potential amendments

Approved draft resolutions are modified through amendments. An amendment is a

written statement that adds, deletes or modify an operative clause in a draft resolution.
The amendment process is used to strengthen consensus on a resolution by allowing delegates
to change the operative clauses (the pre-ambulatory clauses cannot be modified).
There are two types of amendments:

1. A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree
with.
After the amendment is signed by all of the draft resolution’s sponsors and approved by the
committee chair, it will be automatically incorporated into the resolution.

2. An unfriendly amendment is a change that some or all of the draft resolution’s sponsors
do not support and must be voted upon by the committee. This also refers to delegates who
did not write this resolution at all but see potential in it as long as several changes are made to
it. The sponsors of the amendment will need to obtain a required number of signatories in
order to introduce it. Prior to voting on the draft resolution, the committee votes on
all
unfriendly amendments.
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BEST WISHES FOR ALL

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