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Engr228
Circuit Analysis
Dr Curtis Nelson
Chapter 6 Objectives
Real Inductors
Inductors
di (t )
vL (t ) = L
dt
di (t )
vL (t ) = L
dt
Inductor Example
From the circuit shown
at the right, find i(t).
di (t )
v(t ) = L
dt
1 1
L∫ L∫
i (t ) = v (t ) dt = A sin ωtdt
A A − cos ωt
= ∫ sin ωtdt =
L L ω
A A π
= (− cos ωt ) = (sin ωt − )
ωL ωL 2
A π
i (t ) = (sin ωt − )
ωL 2
Power in an Inductor
diL
p = vL iL = LiL
dt
t
wL (t ) = ∫ pdt
t0
1 2
wL (t ) = LiL
2
Inductor Example
• Find the maximum energy stored in the inductor.
1 2 πt
wL = Li = 216 sin 2
2 6
πt
p R = i 2 R = 14.4 sin 2
6
6
2 πt
wR = ∫ 14.4 sin
0 6
= 43.2 J
Real Capacitors
C = Q/V
Capacitors
dvC (t )
iC (t ) = C
dt
DC Characteristics of a Capacitor
dv(t ) d ( A sin ωt )
i (t ) = C =C
dt dt
= AωC (cos ωt )
A π
= sin(ωt + )
1 2
ωC
Phase shift of +90º
Power in a capacitor
dvC
pC = vC iC = CvC
dt
1 2
wC (t ) = CvC
2
Capacitor Example
Find the maximum energy stored in the capacitor in the
circuit below, and the energy dissipated in the resistor over
the interval 0 < t < 500 ms.
1 2
wC = Cv = 0.1sin 2 2πt
2
wCmax = 0.1 J
v2
pR = = 0.01sin 2 2πt
R
0.5
wR = ∫
0
0.01sin 2 2πt dt = 2.5 mJ
Leq = L1 + L2 + K + LN
(d)
(c)
1 1 1 1
= + +K+
Leq L1 L2 LN
Capacitor Combinations
(c)
(d)
1 1 1 1 Ceq = C1 + C 2 + K + C N
= + +K+
C eq C1 C 2 CN
Application of Capacitors