3 Abstract

4 Introduction

4 1.1 Policy and commitment

4 1.2 Planning

4 1.3 Implementation and operation

5 1.4 Measuring performance

6 1.5 Auditing and reviewing performance

7 RECOMMENDEPRACTICES

7 2.1 BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING THESE RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

8 2.2PROGRAM STARTE

8 2.2.1 SET SAFETY AND HEALTH AS A TOP PRIORITY

8 2.2.2 LEAD BY EXAMPLE

8 2.2.3. IMPLEMENT A REPORTING SYSTEM

8 2.2.4. PROVIDE TRAINING

8 2.2.5. CONDUCT INSPECTIONS

8 2.2.6. COLLECT HAZARD CONTROL IDEAS

8 2.2.7. IMPLEMENT HAZARD CONTROLS

9 2.2.8. ADDRESS EMERGENCIES

9 2.2.9. SEEK INPUT ON WORKPLACE CHANGES

9 2.2.10. MAKE IMPROVEMENTS

9 3. ELEMENTS OF THE SAFETY AND HEALTH

9 PROGRAM RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

9 3.1 MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP

9 3.2 WORKER PARTICIPATION

10 3.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT

10 3.4 HAZARD PREVENTION & CONTROL

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 10 3.5 EDUCATION & TRAINING

11 3.6PROGRAM EVALUATION & IMPROVEMENT

3.7COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION FOR HOST EMPLOYERS, CONTRACTORS, AND STAFFING

11 AGENCIES

11 4. Elements of national OSH systems and how they help combat COVID-19

11 4.1 Laws and regulations, collective agreements and other relevant instruments on OSH

12 4.2 National tripartite OSH body

12 4.3 Compliance mechanisms, including inspection systems

12 4.4 Workplace arrangements for cooperation between management, workers and their representatives
12 4.5 OSH services, including information and advisory services, research, training and health monitoring

13 4.6 Data collection and analysis of occupational injuries and diseases

13 Reference
page Figure
3 Figure (1) Main elements of the OSH management system

7 Figure (2) the benefit of RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

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 Managing safety and health is an integral part of managing a business.
Businesses need to do a risk assessment to find out about the hazards and
risks in their workplace(s) and put measures in place to effectively control
them to ensure these hazards and risks cannot cause harm to workers.
The ILO has produced guidelines on the development of occupational
safety and health management systems, These guidelines were designed as a
practical tool for assisting organizations (a company, operation, firm,
undertaking, establishment, enterprise, institution or association, or part of
it, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions
and administration) and competent institutions as a means of achieving
continual improvement in occupational safety and health (OSH)
performance. The guidelines have been developed according to
internationally agreed principles defined by the ILO’s tripartite constituents.
The practical recommendations of these guidelines are intended for use by
all those who have responsibility for OSH management.

Occupational safety and health, including compliance with the OSH

requirements pursuant to national laws and regulations, is the responsibility
and duty of the employer. The employer should show strong leadership and
commitment to OSH activities in the organization, and make appropriate
arrangements for the
establishment of an OSH
management system. The
system should contain the
main elements of policy,
organizing, planning and
implementation,
evaluation and action for
improvement, as shown
in figure (1).

Figure (1) Main elements of the OSH management

system

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 A safety and health management system means the part of the
Organization's management system which covers:

the health and safety work organization and policy in a company

the planning process for accident and ill health prevention
the line management responsibilities and
the practices, procedures and resources for developing and
implementing, reviewing and maintaining the occupational safety and
health policy.

The system should cover the entire gambit of an employer's occupational

health and safety organization. The key elements of a successful safety and
health management system are:
1.1 Policy and commitment
The workplace should prepare an occupational safety and health policy
program as part of the preparation of the Safety Statement required by
Section 20 of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. Effective
safety and health policies should set a clear direction for the organization to
follow. They will contribute to all aspects of business performance as part of
a demonstrable commitment to continuous improvement. Responsibilities to
people and the working environment will be met in a way that fulfils the
spirit and letter of the law. Cost-effective approaches to preserving and
developing human and physical resources will reduce financial losses and
liabilities. In a wider context, stakeholders' expectations, whether they are
shareholders, employees or their representatives, customers or society at
large, can be met.
1.2 Planning
The workplace should formulate a plan to fulfil its safety and health policy
as set out in the Safety Statement. An effective management structure and
arrangements should be put in place for delivering the policy. Safety and
health objectives and targets should be set for all managers and employees.
1.3 Implementation and operation
For effective implementation, organizations should develop the capabilities
and support mechanisms necessary to achieve the safety and health policy,
objectives and targets. All staff should be motivated and empowered to work
safely and to protect their long-term health, not simply to avoid accidents.
These arrangements should be:

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 underpinned by effective staff involvement and participation through
appropriate consultation, the use of the safety committee where it
exists and the safety representation system and,
sustained by effective communication and the promotion of
competence, which allows all employees and their representatives to
make a responsible and informed contribution to the safety and health
effort.

There should be a planned and systematic approach to implementing the

safety and health policy through an effective safety and health management
system. The aim is to minimize risks. Risk Assessment methods should be
used to determine priorities and set objectives for eliminating hazards and
reducing risks. Wherever possible, risks should be eliminated through the
selection and design of facilities, equipment and processes. If risks cannot be
eliminated, they should be minimized by the use of physical controls and
safe systems of work or, as a last resort, through the provision of PPE.
Performance standards should be established and used for measuring
achievement. Specific actions to promote a positive safety and health culture
should be identified. There should be a shared common understanding of the
organization ‘s vision, values and beliefs on health and safety. The visible
and active leadership of senior managers fosters a positive safety and health
culture.
1.4 Measuring performance
The organization should measure, monitor and evaluate safety and health
performance. Performance can be measured against agreed standards to
reveal when and where improvement is needed. Active self-monitoring
reveals how effectively the safety and health management system are
functioning. Self-monitoring looks at both hardware (premises, plant and
substances) and software (people, procedures and systems, including
individual behavior and performance). If controls fail, reactive monitoring
should find out why they failed, by investigating the accidents, ill health or
incidents, which could have caused harm or loss. The objectives of active
and reactive monitoring are:

to determine the immediate causes of substandard performance

to identify any underlying causes and implications for the design and
operation of the safety and health management system.

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 1.5 Auditing and reviewing performance
The organization should review and improve its safety and health
management system continuously, so that its overall safety and health
performance improves constantly. The organization can learn from relevant
experience and apply the lessons. There should be a systematic review of
performance based on data from monitoring and from independent audits of
the whole safety and health management system. These form the basis of
complying with the organization’s responsibilities under the 2005 Act and
other statutory provisions. There should be a strong commitment to
continuous improvement involving the development of policies, systems and
techniques of risk control. Performance should be assessed by:

internal reference to key performance indicators

external comparison with the performance of business competitors and
best practice in the organization’s employment sector.

Many companies now report on how well they have performed on worker
safety and health in their annual reports and how they have fulfilled their
responsibilities with regard to preparing and implementing their Safety
Statements. In addition, employers have greater responsibilities under
Section 80 of the 2005 Act on ‘Liability of Directors and Officers of
Undertakings’ that requires them to be in a position to prove they have pro-
actively managed the safety and health of their workers. Data from this
‘Auditing and reviewing performance’ process should be used for these
purposes.

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 THESE RECOMMENDED PRACTICES provide responsible
employers, workers, and worker representatives3 with a sound, flexible
framework for addressing safety and health issues in diverse workplaces.
They can be applied equally well in traditional, fixed manufacturing
workplaces and in the service sector, healthcare, retail, and even mobile or
office-based work environments. The recommended practices emphasize a
proactive approach to managing workplace safety and health.
Traditional approaches are often reactive—that is, actions are taken
only after a worker is injured or becomes sick, a new standard or regulation
is published, or an outside inspection finds a problem that must be corrected.
Finding and fixing hazards before they cause injury or illness is a far more
effective approach. Doing so avoids the direct and indirect costs of worker
injuries and illnesses, and promotes a positive work environment, the
concept of continuous improvement is central to the recommended practices.
As with any journey, the first step is often the most challenging. The idea is
to begin with a basic program and grow from there. By initially focusing on
achieving modest goals, monitoring performance, and evaluating outcomes,
you can help your workplace progress, over time, along the path to higher
levels of safety and health.
2.1 BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING THESE RECOMMENDED
PRACTICES
Responsible employers know that the main goal of a safety and health
program is to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and deaths, as well as the
suffering and financial hardship these events can cause for workers, their
families, and their employers. Employers may find that implementing these
recommended practices brings other benefits as well. The renewed or
enhanced commitment to safety and health and the cooperative atmosphere
between employers and workers have been linked to:
Improvements in product, process,
and service quality.
Better workplace morale.
Improved employee recruiting and
retention.
A more favorable image and reputation Figure (2) the benefit of RECOMMENDED
PRACTICES

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 2.2PROGRAM STARTE
If these recommended practices appear challenging, here are some
simple steps you can take to get started. Completing these steps will
give you a solid base from which to take on some of the more
structured actions presented in the recommended practices.
2.2.1 SET SAFETY AND HEALTH AS A TOP PRIORITY
Always set safety and health as the top priority. Tell your workers that
making sure they finish the day and go home safely is the way you do
business. Assure them that you will work with them to find and fix any
hazards that could injure them or make them sick.
2.2.2 LEAD BY EXAMPLE
Practice safe behaviors yourself and make safety part of your daily
conversations with workers.
2.2.3. IMPLEMENT A REPORTING SYSTEM
Develop and communicate a simple procedure for workers to report
any injuries, illnesses, incidents (including near misses/close calls),
hazards, or safety and health concerns without fear of retaliation.
Include an option for reporting hazards or concerns anonymously.
2.2.4. PROVIDE TRAINING
Train workers on how to identify and control hazards using, for
example, OSHA’s Hazard Identification Training Tool.
2.2.5. CONDUCT INSPECTIONS
Inspect the workplace with workers and ask them to identify any
activity, piece of equipment, or material that concerns them. Use
checklists, such as those included in OSHA’s Small Business
Handbook, to help identify problems.
2.2.6. COLLECT HAZARD CONTROL IDEAS
Ask workers for ideas on improvements and follow up on their
suggestions. Provide them time during work hours, if necessary, to
research solutions.
2.2.7. IMPLEMENT HAZARD CONTROLS
Assign workers the task of choosing, implementing, and evaluating the

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 solutions they come up with.

2.2.8. ADDRESS EMERGENCIES

Identify foreseeable emergency scenarios and develop instructions on
what to do in each case. Meet to discuss these procedures and post
them in a visible location in the workplace.
2.2.9. SEEK INPUT ON WORKPLACE CHANGES
Before making significant changes to the workplace, work
organization, equipment, or materials, consult with workers to identify
potential safety or health issues.
2.2.10. MAKE IMPROVEMENTS
Set aside a regular time to discuss safety and health issues, with the
goal of identifying ways to improve the program.

3. ELEMENTS OF THE SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM

RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

3.1 MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP

• Top management demonstrates its commitment to continuous
improvement in safety and health, communicates that commitment to
workers, and sets program expectations and responsibilities.
• Managers at all levels make safety and health a core organizational
value, establish safety and health goals and objectives, provide
adequate resources and support for the program, and set a good
example.
3.2 WORKER PARTICIPATION
• Workers and their representatives are involved in all aspects of the
program—including setting goals, identifying and reporting hazards,
investigating incidents, and tracking progress.
• All workers, including contractors and temporary workers,
understand their roles and responsibilities under the program and what
they need to do to effectively carry them out.
• Workers are encouraged and have means to communicate openly

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 with management and to report safety and health concerns without fear
of retaliation.
• Any potential barriers or obstacles to worker participation in the
program (for example, language, lack of information, or disincentives)
are removed or addressed.
3.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT
• Procedures are put in place to continually identify workplace hazards
and evaluate risks.
• Safety and health hazards from routine, nonroutine, and emergency
situations are identified
and assessed.
• An initial assessment of existing hazards, exposures, and control
measures is followed by
periodic inspections and reassessments, to identify new hazards.
• Any incidents are investigated with the goal of identifying the root
causes.
• Identified hazards are prioritized for control.
3.4 HAZARD PREVENTION & CONTROL
• Employers and workers cooperate to identify and select methods for
eliminating, preventing, or controlling workplace hazards.
• Controls are selected according to a hierarchy that uses engineering
solutions first, followed by safe work practices, administrative
controls, and finally personal protective equipment (PPE).
• A plan is developed to ensure that controls are implemented, interim
protection is provided, progress is tracked, and the effectiveness of
controls is verified.
3.5 EDUCATION & TRAINING
• All workers are trained to understand how the program works and
how to carry out the responsibilities assigned to them under the
program.
• Employers, managers, and supervisors receive training on safety
concepts and their responsibility for protecting workers’ rights and
responding to workers’ reports and concerns. • All workers are trained

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 to recognize workplace hazards and to understand the control measures
that have been implemented.
3.6PROGRAM EVALUATION & IMPROVEMENT
• Control measures are periodically evaluated for effectiveness.
• Processes are established to monitor program performance, verify
program implementation,
and identify program shortcomings and opportunities for improvement.
• Necessary actions are taken to improve the program and overall
safety and health performance.
3.7COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION FOR HOST
EMPLOYERS, CONTRACTORS, AND STAFFING AGENCIES
• Host employers, contractors, and staffing agencies commit to
providing the same level of safety and health protection to all
employees.
• Host employers, contractors, and staffing agencies communicate the
hazards present at the worksite and the hazards that work of contract
workers may create on site.
• Host employers establish specifications and qualifications for
contractors and staffing agencies. • Before beginning work, host
employers, contractors, and staffing agencies coordinate on work
planning and scheduling to identify and resolve any conflicts that could
affect safety or health.

4. Elements of national OSH systems and how they help combat

COVID-19
4.1 Laws and regulations, collective agreements and other relevant
instruments on OSH
National authorities should prepare COVID-19-related OSH guidance
through an adequate regulatory framework consistent with the national
legislative framework, by using a variety of legal and technical
instruments, including laws, ministerial decrees, resolutions, guidelines
and technical notes. Governments should examine the practical
implementation of decisions and regulations, including by addressing

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 information deficits, attend to the specific needs of smaller businesses
and the most vulnerable workers, and implement the law as required.

4.2 National tripartite OSH body

This specialized tripartite body should be involved in any decision-
making at the national level, including the issuance of instructions or
guidance related to the fight against COVID-19 to ensure that return-
to-work policies and the national OSH policy are mutually reinforcing.

4.3 Compliance mechanisms, including inspection systems

Labor inspectorates play a key role in disseminating reliable
information on COVID-19, including on preventive and protective
measures, and monitoring whether return-to-work protocols are
effectively implemented and respected, including by enforcing the
applicable law.

4.4 Workplace arrangements for cooperation between management,

workers and their representatives
Joint OSH committees and workers’ representatives need to participate
in workplace risk assessment and the selection or development and
implementation of return-to-work protocols. Workers’ representatives
provide valuable insights into prevention planning, support
management in implementing measures and liaise with workers.
Workers or their representatives should be consulted by the employer,
in accordance with national law, on all aspects of occupational safety
and health associated with their work. They should have reasonable
time during paid working hours to exercise their safety and health
functions and to receive adequate training.

4.5 OSH services, including information and advisory services, research,

training and health monitoring
Key providers of these services include national OSH research centers,
agencies and institutions, OSH professionals and their associations, as

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 well as occupational health services. Provision of these services is
paramount to curb and stop the pandemic and ensure safe and healthy
workplaces. Occupational health services are in charge of monitoring
workers’ health at the workplace and are therefore responsible for
tracking confirmed and suspected cases, tracing any potential
contagion and instructing workers to quarantine, and notifying public
health and social security authorities, among other functions.
4.6 Data collection and analysis of occupational injuries and diseases
Taking stock of confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 and
analyzing how the virus spreads in workplaces helps to identify
breaches of return-to-work protocols and deficiencies in preventive and
protective measures, and allows for corrective measures. Employers
should be required to keep records relevant to occupational safety and
health and the working environment according to national law, and as
considered necessary by the competent authorities. At the national
level, the data enables public authorities to assess the situation at any
given time and make informed, evidence-based decisions.

Reference
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.
ontario.ca/page/develop-your-covid-19-workplace-safety-
plan&ved=2ahUKEwiEzY_0z8DqAhXwsaQKHXiDAwcQFjADegQIA
hAB&usg=AOvVaw2Oo68CKMP7I_DJA-fZOMn6
https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Topics/Managing_Health_and_Safety/Safety_an
d_Health_Management_Systems/
https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-administration-
inspection/resources-library/publications/guide-for-labour-
inspectors/how-can-osh-be-managed/lang--en/index.htm#ch1
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.
safeworkaustralia.gov.au/book/model-code-practice-how-manage-work-
health-and-safety-risks&ved=2ahUKEwjG-
qqI0cDqAhWNDOwKHfp3CQYQFjABegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw23b
T1U4n9-zORQRS4dvo0Z
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/Const_Res_Man/1926_C_SH_guide.html

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