Discussion solutions:

1/sol:

Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density

of a reference substance; equivalently, The reference substance is
nearly always water at its densest (4°C) for liquids; for gases it is air at
room temperature (25°C). Nonetheless, the temperature and pressure
must be specified for both the sample and the reference. Pressure is
nearly always 1 atm (101.325 kPa).

2/sol:

Temperature affects density very much as the density of liquids

decreases by increasing the temperature due to the expansion of the
liquid at the heating and the subsequent increase in volume and
decrease density.

3/sol:

is an instrument that measures the specific gravity of liquids

A hydrometer is usually made of glass, and consists of a cylindrical stem

and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright.
The liquid to test is poured into a tall container, often a graduated
cylinder, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it
floats freely. The point at which the surface of the liquid touches the
stem of the hydrometer correlates to specific gravity.