PERDIZO, MILJANE P.

BSA - 202

Reflection in Basketball

Basketball is a great way to get your mind off things and is also a great
way to express yourself. It is a sport that can work your whole body. It’s a
great pastime for any one and is a great way to bond with family members
and friends. I see in my eyes that basketball is very addicting and makes you
want to play more and more of it. Basketball is known as a good pastime in
many people’s eyes but can also be seen as a passion for many others.
Communication skills within the field of play also apply in relation to
members of the opponent team. I have also noted through watching people
watch basketball that it is important that every player understands that
basketball is a game but there is a real life that is separate from the game. It
is therefore important to see players from the opponent team as being
enemies but as good friends who are competing against you.
One reason I love basketball is because you need only yourself to play
the game or, you can play with teammates. I prefer to have others to play with
rather than just playing alone. To me there is not only one word that I can
describe basketball. You meet tons of people and you are able to play with
your friends for hours without getting one thought of boredom. One thing I
love about basketball is that people have many different styles of play. There
are styles such as a passer, playmaker, shooter, defensive player, and dunker
or highflyer. When you play basketball you feel much more confident and
makes you not care much about how others think about you. When I possess
the ball in basketball I have the mentality of being the best and no one could
stop me. Many people have creative ideas and find new ways to trick the
opposing players. Playing Basketball is very entertaining since there are
endless ideas you can think of just with a hoop and a basketball.
I’m a basketball player but not as good as other players, I just play
basketball to have fun. My mom doesn’t allow me to play because I easily get
sick and my heart is weak but I still play because I love playing. My scars
reminds me that my childhood was fun because of basketball, people say
having scars makes my skin ugl. I didn’t believe that cause my scars was a
beautiful memories of me. One thing I’ve learned that no matter what
hindrance you have and you are easily get tired if you wanted it you can do it.
Reflection in Volleyball
I’ve had a lot of fun playing volleyball and am quite happy with my
progress, particularly as it was my first time playing volleyball. I feel as though
I have achieved the goals I set out to achieve at the beginning of the term that
being to pick up the basic skills and learn the rules of the game. Additionally, I
was able to overcome my worries about letting down the team (as all the other
girls had played for how many years) this was due to my team being
incredibly supportive and constantly reassuring and encouraging me during
training and games.
I struggled a bit with serving during the season particularly during
games as it felt like quite a high pressure situation however, again, the
support from my team meant that I didn’t feel quite as disappointed when one
of my serves were out.
Clearly, one of the most enjoyable aspects of playing volleyball has
simply been the girls in my team as we’re all really good friends and
subsequently we had an excellent team dynamic. Every Saturday game was
really fun and we showed a lot of team spirit which clearly payed off. Of
course, there were moments of tension when communication during the game
wasn’t as effective as it could have been (eg. when girls didn’t call a ball as
their own and we lost a point), but as a team we were mostly able to focus on
the positives and move beyond petty conflict. In fact, we often played best
when we weren’t focused on winning but simply having fun as a team and
bonding as a friendship group.
 
One of the challenges was definitely coming back as a team after losing
a set and remaining calm during close matches. There were several matches
where we had to play into extra time which proved to be incredibly tense,
particularly for the server. However, with support from the sidelines from the
rest of our team, we were often able to perform under pressure and come out
on top.
 
Finally, I have learnt the importance of team work and keeping team
morale high even when overcoming obstacles as we often played our best
volleyball during games. Additionally, the importance of team work not only
within our team but in our wider community is crucial for improving team spirit.
I was a regional player in volleyball player when I was Elementary, but
when I was in high school my mom doesn’t want me to play volleyball
anymore so i can focus my study. I did what my mom said but there’s my side
that I want to be the best player so I tryout again in our school without telling
my mom and glad i was qualified. I keep playing even at night cause I don’t
want to give up to make me better. But until I get sick due to over fatigue, I
was guilty for my mom. She said, why I didn’t tell her I play again, that’s why
she didn’t want me to play too because my heart is weak and I easily get sick
when I over work. That time I stop playing volleyball, but it didn’t stop there for
the reason that I’ve learned on how to handle myself and my body is to
manage my time not to get stressed. I only play for now when there’s an event
in our school, atleast I still can play what my sport that I’ve wanted since
before.
Volleyball means a lot to me, I made friends from other places and
makes me better when in comes communicating. I was a shytype before I
entered in volleyball team. Do what makes you better no just doing what you
want, look at the other side if it makes you better or not. Obey your parents,
they know what best for you, they’ll support you for what the best for you.
Research History in Basketball

Dr. James Naismith came up with the idea of basketball in Springfield,

Massachusetts, 1891. Dr. Luther Gulick, head of Physical Education at the
International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School,

ordered Naismith to create an indoor game that would provide a distraction

for students throughout the winter. He developed the original 13 rules and
thus the game of basketball emerged.

The first official game of basketball was believed to be played on December 21,
1891. Naismith’s gym class in Springfield, Massachusetts, played it. The
equipment used to play the first game was a soccer ball, peach baskets, and
nine players to each team. Since then, there have been major changes to the
game.

The court dimensions for any basketball court have not changed very much.
The sideline, the line where the bench and stands are, is ninety-four feet long.
The baseline, line underneath the hoop, is fifty feet long. The three-point line is
nineteen feet, nine inches from the hoop. The free throw line is fifteen feet
from the hoop. The hoop is ten feet above the ground. Each basket is worth
two points, foul shots are worth one point, and of course the three-point shot
from outside the three-point line.

Adding to the original 13 rules to basketball, we now have quite a few more.
The rules started to change about two years after the original 13 were
developed. The first rule changes were the four fundamental principles of the
game. Players with the ball must not make progress, the goal is above the head
of the players, roughness is eliminated, and a player may not receive the ball
by use of contact, these are the four fundamental principles. Five players were
allowed on the court from each team after 1897 since the original nine were
too many players to have on the court at one time. Players were allowed
unlimited fouls up till 1908 when the five foul limit was adopted. Once a player
reached the foul limit they were removed from the rest of the game.

The next two rules were changes of equipment. Glass backboards replaced the
wood ones, and a basketball was invented, so the soccer balls were no longer
needed. In 1906, the hoops were changed from peach baskets to metal baskets.
The metal baskets had a hole in the middle and a pole was used to hit the ball
out of the hoop. Climbing a ladder was originally how the ball was retrieved
after a shot was made. Finally, in 1913, the hoops we have today were
developed, the metal rims and net. This was the last edition to the equipment
rule changes.
The next major changes that helped to increase the speed of the game were
the dribbling and shooting rules. Dribbling was allowed from the beginning;
however you were not allowed to dribble in and take a shot. In 1934, this rule
changed and we now have lay-ups and fast breaks. A jump ball is when the
referee tosses the ball up at half court and two players jumped to win the ball
out of the air. Jump balls were used for everything from fouls to some sort of
play stoppage until 1937 when the uses of jump balls were eliminated.
Free throws, otherwise known as foul shots, have been around since 1895, but
it was only since 1923 that the person fouled had to shoot the foul shots.
Anyone could shoot the foul shot, in which case teams had one player who
specialized in foul shooting, this rule had to change because of disadvantages
towards each team. Throughout the 1940’s, all different kinds of shots were
developed. The jump shot was first brought into play, along with dunking. In
addition to dunking, goaltending was right there to defend it.

The game speed picked up immensely with all of the rule adaptations. To
increase the game speed even more, the three-second rule was added along
with a 24-second shot clock in the 1950’s. Another time change is the addition
of the 10-second rule, which is used when the offense has the ball and is
bringing the ball up the court. The ten seconds is how long they have to bring
the ball across mid-court. These new rules went against the offense so that
they could not stall the ball. The final rule change to help the game was the
three-point line and three-point shot which were introduced to the game in
the 1960’s.

There were a number of basketball leagues throughout the years. However,

most of them were unsuccessful after so many seasons. The first basketball
league was the National Basketball League (NBL), which developed in 1898. The
first professional league was the American Basketball League (ABL) which
formed in 1925. In 1936, basketball was recognized as an Olympic Team. The
National Basketball Association (NBA), which is still exists today, was formed
in 1949. The Basketball Association of America and the National Basketball
League combined to form the NBA. The NBA had seventeen teams in three
divisions.

The last league to develop was the American Basketball Association (ABA)
nicknamed the Lively League. The ABA existed for nine seasons from 1967-
1976. This league differed from every other league because they used red,
white, and blue colored basketballs. The ABA was more of a show league then
anything else. The ABA and NBA were rival leagues. In June 1976, the rivalry
ceased. The leagues joined together. The four strongest ABA teams survived
the merger. The teams were the New York Nets, Denver Nuggets, Indiana
Pacers, and San Antonio Spurs. The other ABA teams vanished along with the
league itself. Julius “Dr.J” Erving, (one of the most well known basketball
players in his day) played in ABA before the merge.

Women’s basketball was always around but was not a popular event for men
to watch. After Naismith invented basketball, a girl’s school nearby caught on
and started to play as well. The woman who started women’s basketball was
Senda Berenson, a teacher of physical education at Smith College.
Berenson thought that there should also be a separate set of rules for women.
She devised a few rules. She divided the court in to three sections. For a five-
woman team, there were two shooting guards, one center, and two forwards.
The shooting guards scored all the points, the center distributed the ball to the
guards, and the forwards played defense and passed the rebounds they got to
the center. Playing defense on a nine-woman team were two forwards and a
goal keeper. On offense there were two guards and a goal guard. In the center
section there were three centers, a forward center, back center, and jumping
center.

In contrast to men’s basketball, the women were allowed three dribbles a

piece, than could hold the ball for three seconds before passing it to a
teammate. If the player took more dribbles, or held the ball longer then three
seconds a foul was called. The first set of rules for women’s basketball was
published in 1901. The rules followed with Berenson’s original idea. Snatching
or batting the ball was not permitted and was considered a foul. Also, the
court was divided up in three sections. The number of players on the court
ranged from 5-10 due to how big the gym was.
In 1903, the rules changed again. The number of players now ranged from 6-9.
Play was stopped constantly during basketball games because of the fouls and
the hoop. The hoop still had a basket with a bottom on it. The open net hoops
were against the rules for fear of the ball going through the nets so quickly the
officials will not know if the team scored or not. Every time a player was
fouled; it lead to a foul shot. If someone held the ball too long, stepped out of
bounds, or even double-teamed a player who was attempting to shoot got a
foul called on them and a foul shot was awarded to the other team.

To keep the game more feminine, the rules committee suggested making sure
the women were not using slang, chewing gum, or sitting on the floor and that
their appearance was acceptable. Unsportsmanlike conduct was introduced to
prevent kicking, hair pulling, and slapping, any display of temper was to be
considered a foul. If the coaches shouted at one of the players, whether good
or bad, it was considered to be a foul. I believe this is where we get the
technical foul rule used today.

The dribbling rule was eliminated in 1910 but restored in 1913 because of
complaints that the game was boring. Defensive restrictions were also made.
The two-handed, overhead pass and shot was perfected because it was very
hard to block. Defensive players had to remain in a vertical plane and could
not lean over because it gave them an advantage for blocking shots and
passes. For a time, the two-handed, overhead shot was only worth one point
instead of two points because it was impossible to block without breaking the
vertical plane.

Women of all ages started to play basketball. The sport was becoming very
popular for younger girls. Basketball was started to be played in high school, as
well as college. However, women did not have an official league to play in after
college. For a while, they did not have an Olympic team either.

The Olympic team developed in the 1970s. All women who had a lot of talent
played in the Olympics. That is until April 24, 1996, when the NBA introduced
the idea of having the Women’s National Basketball Association. The WNBA
began playing in June of 1997. Sheryl Swoopes, Rebecca Lobo, and Lisa Leslie
were the first players to sign with the WNBA in October 1996. Other member of
the Olympic Gold Medal team also joined the WNBA. To start the league, there
were eight teams, and those eight teams still exist today.

Basketball has come far from the first game in 1891. Many men and women
have made names for themselves over the years. Some of the best players in
basketball consist of Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Patrick Ewing, and Magic
Johnson just to name a few. Sheryl Swoopes, Susie McConnell, Cynthia Cooper,
Lisa Leslie, and Rebecca Lobo are some of the best players to have played in
the WNBA. Along with these greats, there are many aspiring basketball players
out there who will make a name for their selves in years to come.

• Bahr, Lauren S. (1995). Collier’s Encyclopedia: Basketball. Connecticut, P.F.

Collier, Inc. Internet source www.hoophallhistory.com.
• Chernow, Barbara A. (1993). The Columbia Encyclopedia: Basketball. New
York, Columbia University Press. Internet source www.hoophallhistory.com.
• Halsey, William D. (1975). Merit Student Encyclopedia: Basketball. New Jersey,
Macmillian Company Inc. Internet source www.hoophallhistory.com.
• Lannin, Joanne. (2000) A History of Basketball for Girls and Women: From
Bloomers to Big Leagues. Minnesota, Lerner Publishing Group.
• Morse, Joseph. (1973). Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia: Basketball. New
York, Funk & Wagnalls Inc. Internet source www.hoophallhistory.com.
• National Collegiate Athletic Association. (1999). Original Rules of Basketball.
Internet source www.ncaa.org/champadmin/basketball/original_rules.html.
• Nix, Charlie. (2000). Skills, Drills & Strategies for Basketball. Holcomb
Hathaway Publishers, Inc. Section 2 The Game (pp. 24-25). Arizona.
• Shashi, Tom. (1998). Basketball History. Internet source
www.geocities.com/fruitfax/basketballhistory.htm.
Research History in Volleyball

In 2016, the sport of Volleyball is over 120 years old!

The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of
popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only
soccer among participation sports.

Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800
million players worldwide who play volleyball at least once a week.

In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men’s Christian Association

(YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and
handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less
physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time
called, Mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches
above the floor, just above the average man’s head.

During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to
be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps “volleyball” would be a
more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first
game of “volleyball” was played. 

Volleyball Fundamentals Are Key

Like most sports, volleyball requires every player to get good at some
basic skills before they can truly excel at the sport. Here are the six
basic skills you absolutely need to master to be a competent volleyball
player – then on your way to being an expert.  

1. Passing
Passing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s
been served or hit over the net by the opposing team. It’s commonly
thought of as the most important skill in all of volleyball, because your
team can’t return the ball without a solid volleyball pass. Forearm
volleyball passes are often used to direct the ball in a controlled manner
to a teammate, but overhead passing is another option.
2. Setting
The setter has the most important position on the team, and is often the
team leader for this reason. It’s their job to make it easy for a teammate
to get the ball over the volleyball net, preferably with a spike that the
other team can’t return. The setting motion gets the ball hanging in the
air, ready to be spiked by another teammate with force.
3. Spiking
A real crowd-pleaser, spiking is the act of slamming the ball in a
downward motion across the volleyball net to the other team’s side of
the court. When done well, spiking is very difficult to return, which is
why it’s an essential skill. A proper spike will help accumulate points
quickly.
4. Blocking
Blocking is another important skill, although it’s probably the most
expendable of the fundamentals. Still, it adds a great dimension to the
game, keeping the other team on their toes, so to speak. By timing it
right, you can jump up and deflect or block the opponent’s attack before
it even crosses the volleyball net, which can take them by surprise and
give your team an easy point.
5. Digging
Digging is a defensive maneuver in volleyball that can save your team
from an offensive spike or attack. Your job is to keep the ball from
hitting the floor, and you do that by diving and passing the ball in a fluid
motion. Unlike a typical pass, you’ll probably be trying to recover the
ball from a steep downward trajectory. This is another great skill to have,
but isn’t as important as passing, setting, or spiking.
6. Serving
Our final fundamental skills is serving. How can you be a great
volleyball player without knowing how to serve? There are a variety of
ways to serve, but you’ll most often see the underhand or overhand
serves.
– For an underhand serve, if you’re right-handed, hold the ball in your
left hand while the right hand makes a fist with the thumb on top. Make
contact with the underside of the ball to send it over the net. 

– For an overhand serve (which is more advanced and common among

skilled players) you’ll be tossing the ball up while you pull back the
dominant arm and swing. Don’t follow through after your hand contacts
the ball, which should feel almost like you’re punching the ball across
the volleyball net.