Wireless Signal Multi Path

Propagation / Path Loss

Dr. Khawaja Bilal Mahmood
Course: Wireless and Mobile
Communications
Wireless Radio Channel
Antenna
Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering
Reflection, Diffraction and Scattering
Channel Model
Path Loss
Multipath
Multipath Propagation
d-4 Power Law
 Small Scale Fading

Constructive Interference  In-Phase

Signals

Destructive Interference  Out of Phase Signals

Shadowing
Path Loss
Diversity
 Diversity scheme  Method that is used to
develop information from several signals
transmitted over independent fading paths
 Exploits random nature of radio propagation by
finding independent (uncorrelated) signal paths
for communication
 Diversity also compensates for fading channel
impairments, and is usually implemented by
using two or more receiving antennas
Diversity
 Types of Diversity 
1. Macro Diversity
2. Micro Diversity
3. Space Diversity
4. Frequency Diversity
5. Time Diversity
6. Polarization Diversity
Classification of Diversity
Classification of Diversity
Classification of Diversity
Classification of Diversity
Classification of Diversity
Multi Multi-Antenna Systems
Receiver Diversity
Transmitter Diversity
Beam forming