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TESTCODE02107010
FORMTP2009146 MAY/JUNE2009

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCYEXAMINATION
BIOLOGY - UNIT 1

PaperOl
90minutes

(09 JUNE 2009 (a.m.))

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

I. This test consists of45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.
2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.

3. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item
you are about to answer and decide which choice is best.

4. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space
having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.

Sample Item

Which ofthe following metal atoms is present

in a haemoglobin molecule?
Sample Answer
(A) Calcium
(B)
(C)
Magnesium
Copper
@@©•
(D) Iron

The best answer to this item is "Iron'', so answer space (D) has been shaded.

I 5.
6.
Ifyou want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in yournew choice.
When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If
youcannotansweranitern,omititandgoontothenextone. Yourscorewillbethetotalnumber
of correct answers.
7. Youmaydoanyroughworkinthisbooklet.
8. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
9. The use ofuon-prograrnmable calculators is allowed.

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02107010/CAPE2009

ii
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1. Sucrose makes a good transport molecule as 3 .. An important property ofcellulose is its ability
seen in phloem tissue, because it is a lo

(A) disaccharide madeupoftwoglucose (A) readily go into solution

molecules (B) act as a fuel store in plants
(B) disaccharide made up ofglucose and (C) readily combine with a glucose
galactose (D) form structural components in
(C) very reactive molecule chemically plants
and therefore combines easily with
water
(D) very soluble molecule and can 4. The arrangement of the polypeptide strands
therefore be moved efficiently in in collagen is BEST described as
high concentrations
(A) atriplehelix
(B) an a-helix
In:m1 refers to the structures below which (C) adoublehelix
show two isomers of glucose. (D) a J3-helix

. I II

c;,oHO

© ~
C; 2.0H H OH
0

OH H OH H
OH OH OH H
H OH H OH

2. Which of the following statements is NOT

true about both isomers?

(A) Both have side groups attached to the

first carbon in identical positions.
(B) Both are hexose sugars with the
same chemical formula.
(C) Bothformpolysaccharidesbutwhich
differ in their properties.
(D) Both are soluble in water and can
exist in an open chain form.

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Item 5 refers to tests performed by students to identify food substances present in a solution. The tests
were carried out and their respective results are shown in the table below.

Test Result
Biuret test Purple colour was obtained.
Benedict's test Blue colour remained on heating.
Dilute hydrochloric acid was added and the Blue colour became brick-red on
mixture was boiled, allowed to cool, neutralized heating.
and Benedict's test was carried out.

5. Which of the following indicates the food substance(s) present in the students' solution?

(A) Lipid,protein
(B) Non-reducing sugar only
(q Reducing and non-reducing sugars
(D) Non-reducing sugar and protein

6. The following is a diagrammatical representation of a phospholipid molecule. What do X, Y and Z

represent?

-----Z

x t----

1·
x
- r·
y ----, z
· -

(A) Glycerol Phosphate Fatty acid

-
(B) Fatty acid Glycerol Phosphate
(C) Fatty acid Phosphate , Glycerol
(D) I Phosphate Glycerol Fatty acid

7. In the chloroplast, light energy is trapped in the

(A) stroma
(B) thylakoids
(C) envelope
(D) starch grain

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02107010/CAPE2009
 -4-
8. Which organelle is involved in cytokinesis in ltem 11 refers to the diagram below.
plant cells?

(A) Golgi apparatus

~
(B)
(C)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Centriole
Chloroplast
•IQr -External
surface

(D) Internal
surface

Item 9 refers to the diagram below which

shows a transverse section of a plant 11. The structure labelled X is
structure.
(A) channel protein
(B) cholesterol
(C) extrinsic protein
(D) glycoprotein

Item 12 refers to the following diagram.

Polar amino

9. The area labelled X represents

(A) a cell
(B) a tissue
(C) anorgan
(D) asystem

acid
IO. Materials are moved in and out of cells by 12. Which of the following bonds is represented
various mechanisms. Which ofthe following by the broken lines (---) in the diagram above?
mechanisms are affected by respiration?
(A) Ionic
I. Facilitated diffusion (B) Double
II. Osmosis (C) Peptide
III. Active transport (D) Hydrogen
IV. Exocytosis

(A) I and III only

(B) III and IV only
(C) I, III and IV only
(D) II, Ill and IV only

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J
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 -5-

Item 13 refers to the graph below showing Item 14 refers to the diagram ~low which
the effect of pH on the activity of enzymes. shows the effect of increasing substrate
concentration on the rate of an enzyme-
I n III IV catalysed reaction.

Rate of Reaction
reaction rate

012345678910
pH

13. Chymotrypsin is an enzyme that is found in

the human alimentary canal. It is active over IV
a narrow range of alkaline pH values. Which
of the activity curves represent the activity Substrate concentration
ofchymotrypsin?

{A) I and II only 14. Which of the labelled curves BEST

{B) I and IV only represents the presence of a competitive
{C) II and III ony inhibilDl'I
{D) III and IV only
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV

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0210701 DICAPl?200!I
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Item IS refers to the diagram below wlrich 17. What type of bonds are used to link
shows the structure of a triglyceride. nucleotides together to form a polynucleotide?

H x (A) Peptide
I II (B) Glycosidic
H-C - X -c ~
( C) Hydrogen
(D) Phosphodiester

H-C-
I x -c
0
II
~

18. Why is the copied portion ofthe DNA longer

H-C-
I x
x -c
II
~
than that ofthe functional mRNA molecule
produced from it?
I
H (A) The DNA portion contains many
genes.
(B) The DNA portion contains a
1S. • Which of the following is represented by the promoter region.
label X? (C) Only exon portions are included in
the mRNA.
(A) Carbon (D) Only intron portions are included in
(B) Nitrogen the mRNA.
(C) Oxygen
(D) Sulphur
19. Structures that may be observed in animal
cells during mitosis but are NOT seen during
Item 16 refers to the diagram below showing
cell division in flowering plants are
a segment of a strand of DNA.
(A) centrioles
(B) chromatids
(C) centromeres
. (D) spindle fibres

20. In a rat cell, there are 32 chromatids present

at the beginning of Prophase ofmitosis.

How many chromatids would there be in the

cell at the beginning of meiosis?
16. The base Xis
(A) 16
(A) cytosine
(B) 23
(C) 32
(B) guanine
(C) uracil (D) 64

(D) adenine

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Item 21 refers to the information below. 24. Two parents, both of blood group B, have a
son with blood group 0. The probability
Mendel crossed pure-breeding round and that their next child will have blood group B
yellow peas with pure-breeding wrinkled and is
green peas. The F, seeds were round and
yellow. The F, seeds were self-pollinated and (A) 0.25
the seeds of the F2 showed the following (B) 0.375
characteristics: (C) 0.50
(D) 0.75
355 round and yellow
123 wrinkled and yellow
126 round and green 25. Which of the following may be used as
34 wrinkled and green methods of gene transfer?

I. Vnus
21. A major conclusion that can be made from II. Plasmid
t\lis data is that the III. Electroporation
N. DNA gun
(A) alleles for round and yellow peas are
dominant (A) I and II only
(B) alleles for wrinkled and green peas (B) I, II and III only
are dominant (C) I, II and IV only
(C) genes for pea colour and shape are (D) I, II, III and IV
epistatic
(D) genes for pea colour and shape are
linkfd Item 26 refers to the diagram below which
illustrates a form ofgene mutation.

22. The mRNA molecule transcribed from the

DNA does NOT contain A B C D E F G

(A) adenine C D
(B)
(C)
(D)
cytosine
guanine
thymine
~~!---~=---~~L~!.--!.--~.--
A B E F G

23. Which of the following statements correctly 26. Which form of gene mutation does the
describes the difference between RNA and diagram illustrate?
DNA?
(A) Deletion
(A) RNA is double strand, while DNA is (B) Inversion
single strand. (C) Insertion
(B) RNA has uracil as one of its organic (D) Duplication
bases, while DNA does not.
(C) DNA has five different nitrogenous
bases, while RNA has four.
(D) RNA is found only in the cytoplasm,
while DNA is found only in the
nucleus.

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 -8-

27. After which of the following forms of gene 31. Which of the following provides nourish-
mutation will a change in codons occur? ment for the sperm-producing cells in the
testes?
I. Substitution
II. Inversion (A) Seminiferous tubule
III. Addition (B) Sertoli cell
IV. Deletion (C) Interstitial cell
(D) Connective tissue
(A) II and III only
(B) II and IV only
(C) I, II and III only 32. Which ofthe following is NOT a part of the
(D) I, III and IV only anther?

(A) Pollen grain

28. Giraffes are thought to have evolved long (B) Stomium
necks due to a short supply of food. (C) Funicle
Selection pressure favoured those with long (D) Tapetum
necks who were able to reach enough food
to survive. This type of selection is known
as 33. What is the function of testosterone in
spermatogenesis?
(A) stabilising
(B) disruptive (A) Inhibits the activity of the Leydig
(C) directional cells
(D) artificial (B) Inhibits the activity of the Sertoli cells
(C) Results in the growth and
development of spermatogonia to
29. A possible benefit of producing transgenic form sperm
plants is (D) Results in the increased production
offollicle stimulating hormone
(A) determination of human genome
(B) improvedhumannutrition
(C) increased use of pesticides
(D) production ofclones

30. Which of the following plays the MOST

significant role in allopa1ric speciation?

(A) Behavioural isolation

(B) Temporal speciation
(C) Ecological isolation
(D) Geographical isolation

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 -9-

Item 34 refers to the diagram below which shows the development of the embryo sac and female
gamete in a dicotyledenous plant

e _ _,_____,,_
embryo : } degenerate
••c
motber cell

mature embryo sac

34. A diploid nucleus is formed at

(A) I
(B) 2
(C), 3
(D) 4

Item 35 refers to the diagram below which shows the transverse section of an anther.

&::::::::.......----.\-..\----- II
~~17/--m
,~..,....----IV

35. Which structure is responsible for the release of pollen grains?

(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV

36. Which of the following structures of the seed is derived ftom a triploid nucleus?

(A) Testa
(B) Endosperm
(C) Cotyledon
(D) Embryo

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 - 10 -

Item 37 refers to the diagram below which shows a longitudinal section of the ovule of a flower.

37. The role ofX is to

(A) fuse with a male nucleus to form the embryo

(B) fuse with a male nucleus to form the cotyledon
(C) fuse with a male nucleus to form the endosperm
(D) support the position of the ovum and disintegrate after fertilization

Item 38 refers to the diagram below which shows ovarian follicles in various stages ofdevelopment.

38. Which option describes the correct order of development?

(A) I - II - III - IV
(B) II - III - I - IV
(C) III - I - II - IV
(D) III - I - IV - II

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 - II -

llml39 refers to the diagram below showing Item 42 refers to the diagram below which
a transverse section through the middle piece represents a hwnan embryo developing in the
of the sperm. uterus.

---x

39. The structure labelled H is

(A) a flagellwn
(B) an acrosome
(C) amicrotubule
(D) amitochondrion

42. The structure labelled Xis the

40. Which ofthe following hormones triggers the
release of the ovum from the ovary? (A) fluid filled sac which protects the
embryo from mechanical shock
(A) Luteinising hormone (B) site where the female gametes
(B) Oestrogen undergo meiosis during maturation
(C) Progesterone (C) site of exchange of materials
(D) Follicle stimulating hormone between the mother and the foetus
(D) structure that stores yolk for the
developing foetus
41. Which of the following is the effect of high
dose progesterone-only pills?
43. The following are advantages of two types
(A) Lysis of sperm ofpollination.
(B) Build-up of the endometriwn
(C) Thinning of the cervical mucus I. No need for another plant
(D) Complete inhibition of follicular II. Increases vigour
development and ovulation III. Widens gene pool
N. Advanl8geous phenotypes retained

Which of the above are specific to cross

po1Iination.?

(A) I and II only

(B) I and IV only
(C) II and Ill only
(D) I, II, lII and IV

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~refers to the simplified diagram below 45. Which of the following is the outennost extra-
of a recently implanted blastocyst in the ernbryonic membrane and contributes to the
endometrium of the uterus. formation of the placenta?

(A) Allantois
(B) Amnion
(C) Chorion
Wall of
(D) Yolksac
uterus

44. ·The structure labelled X is MOST likely the

(A) yolk sac

(Bj trophoblast
(C) blastocoel
(D) embryonic disc

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02107010/CAPE2009