You are on page 1of 6

JURNAL Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol. 01, No.

01, Januari 2013

Pengaruh Unsur Pemadu Mo dan Proses Fabrikasi


Terhadap Kekerasan Plat Zirlo-Mo

<XDQW7LDQGKR3RVPDQ0DQXUXQJGDQ)XWLFKDK

-XUXVDQ)LVLND)0,3$8QLYHUVLWDV/DPSXQJ/DPSXQJ

3XVDW7HNQRORJL%DKDQ%DNDU1XNOLU±%DGDQ7HQDJD1XNOLU1DVLRQDO%DQWHQ
(PDLOSRVPDQ#XQLODDFLG

'LWHULPD'HVHPEHUGLUHYLVL-DQXDUL


Abstrak. 3DGXDQ ]LUOR0R PHUXSDNDQ NDQGLGDW PDWHULDO NHORQJVRQJ EDKDQ EDNDU QXNOLU
JHQHUDVL EDUX 3HQHOLWLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL SHQJDUXK SHQDPEDKDQ 0R GDQ
SURVHV IDEULNDVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ WHUKDGDS NHNHUDVDQ SODW ]LUOR0R =LUOR0R \DQJ GLEXDW
PHPLOLNL NRPSRVLVL =U6Q1E)H GHQJDQ YDULDVL 0R VHEHVDU   GDQ
 )DEULNDVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ PHOLSXWL SHOHEXUDQ ȕTXHQFKLQJ SHQJHURODQ SDQDV DQLO
ƒ& SHQJHURODQ GLQJLQ  PP DQLO ƒ& SHQJHURODQ GLQJLQ  PP VHUWDDQLO ƒ&
0HODOXL XML NHNHUDVDQ GHQJDQ PLFURKDUGQHVV 9LFNHUV WHVWHU GLNHWDKXL EDKZD SHQDPEDKDQ
XQVXU SHPDGX 0R GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ NHNHUDVDQ SDGXDQ ]LUOR0R 3URVHV IDEULNDVL
PHPLOLNL SHQJDUXK \DQJ EHVDU WHUKDGDS NHNHUDVDQ ]LUOR0R 3HQLQJNDWDQ NHNHUDVDQ GDSDW
GLFDSDL GHQJDQ PHODNXNDQ SURVHV ȕTXHQFKLQJ GDQ SHQJHURODQ 6HGDQJNDQ SURVHV DQLO
EHUVLIDW PHQXUXQNDQ NHNHUDVDQ SDGXDQ .HNHUDVDQ WHUWLQJJL GLFDSDL SDGD SURVHV URO SDQDV
XQWXNVDPSHO=0GHQJDQQLODLNHNHUDVDQ*3DVHGDQJNDQNHNHUDVDQWHUHQGDKGLFDSDL
SDGD=0SDVFDSHOHEXUDQGHQJDQQLODLNHNHUDVDQ*3D

Kata Kunci:]LUFDOR\]LUOR0RȕTXHQFKLQJSHQJHURODQDQLOGDQNHNHUDVDQ


PENDAHULUAN NDQ VHLULQJ GHQJDQ DGDQ\D WHQGHQVL
SHQLQJNDWDQWHPSHUDWXUGDODPWHUDVUHDNWRU
3DGXDQ ]LUNRQLXP ]LUFDOR\  WHODK DLUEHUWHNDQDQ SUHVVXUL]HGZDWHUUHDFWRU 
GLJXQDNDQ VHFDUD OXDV VHEDJDL NHORQJVRQJ 6DODK VDWX ODQJNDK \DQJ PXQJNLQ GDSDW
EDKDQ EDNDU QXNOLU 0LOOHU   +DO LQL GLODNXNDQ GDODP SURVHV SHQJHPEDQJDQ
GLNDUHQDNDQ SDGXDQ WHUVHEXW PHPLOLNL ]LUOR DGDODK GHQJDQ PHQDPEDKNDQ
WDPSDQJ VHUDS QHXWURQ \DQJ UHQGDK VHNLWDU PROLEGHQXP 0R  VHKLQJJD WHUEHQWXN
 EDUQ %UDG\ HW DO   NHNHUDVDQ SDGXDQ ]LUOR0R $ODVDQ SHQDPEDKDQ LQL
\DQJEDLNVHUWDWDKDQWHUKDGDSNRURVLSDGD NDUHQD 0R PDPSX PHQLQJNDWNDQ
WHPSHUDWXUWLQJJL 0DUGRQHWDO  NHWDKDQDQ NRURVL /HH  +ZDQJ  
=LUOR DGDODK ]LUFDOR\ JHQHUDVL EDUX GLVWULEXVL IDVD GDQ KRPRJHQLWDV 6DERO HW
GHQJDQVLIDW\DQJVDQJDWXQJJXO.HWDKDKDQ DO VHUWDNHNHUDVDQ 6XJRQGR 
NRURVLQ\D OHELK WLQJJL  GLEDQGLQJNDQ GDUL ]LUFDOR\ \DQJ WHODK DGD VHEHOXPQ\D
]LUFDOR\ 7HRGRUR HW DO   3HQLQJNDWDQ NDUDNWHULVWLN WHUVHEXW GDSDW
%HUGDVDUNDQ NDUDNWHULVWLN WHUVHEXW PDND GLFDSDLNDUHQD0RGLGDODP]LUNRQLXP =U 
SDGXDQ]LUOREHUSRWHQVLXQWXNGLNHPEDQJ GDSDW PHPEHQWXN VHQ\DZD LQWHUPHWDOLN
 DQWDUD=UGHQJDQ0R
 8QWXNPHQJHWDKXLNDUDNWHULVWLN]LUOR0R
&RUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU
(PDLOSRVPDQ#XQLODDFLG
\DQJ DNDQ GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL NHORQJVRQJ
_
<XDQW7LDQGKRGNN3HQJDUXK8QVXU3HPDGX0RGDQ3URVHV)DEULNDVL7HUKDGDS
.HNHUDVDQ3ODW=LUOR0R

EDKDQ EDNDU QXNOLU GLEXWXKNDQ VWXGL DZDO IDEULNDVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ WHUKDGDS
PHQJHQDL NDUDNWHULVWLN SODW ]LUOR0R NHNHUDVDQ SODW ]LUOR0R 8QWXN XML
3URVHVIDEULNDVL\DQJDNDQGLODNXNDQGDODP NHNHUDVDQ WHUVHEXW GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ
SHPEXDWDQ SODW ]LUOR0R PHUXMXN NHSDGD PHQJJXQDNDQ PLFUR KDUGQHVV 9LFNHUV
SURVHVIDEULNDVLGDODPSHPEXDWDQSODW]LUOR WHVWHU
\DQJ WHUGLUL GDUL SURVHV SHOHEXUDQ ȕ
TXHQFKLQJ SHQJHURODQ GDQ DQLO )RVWHU
GNN  METODE PENELITIAN
3URVHV SHOHEXUDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQ WXQJNX EXVXU OLVWULN SDGD 6HEHOXP GLODNXNDQ SURVHV IDEULNDVL
DUXV  $ 6XVDQWR   )DEULNDVL ]LUOR0R WHUOHELK GDKXOX GLODNXNDQ
GLODQMXWNDQ GHQJDQ SURVHV ȕTXHQFKLQJ SHQLPEDQJDQ EDKDQ GHQJDQ QHUDFD GLJLWDO
\DQJEHUWXMXDQXQWXNPHPSHUROHKIDVDȕ=U %DKDQEDKDQ\DQJGLJXQDNDQWHUGLULGDUL=U
NDUHQD NHODUXWDQQ\D OHELK WLQJJL   6Q   1E   )H
GLEDQGLQJNDQIDVDĮ=U6HSHUWLSDGDORJDP   VHUWD 0R   PHUHN $OGULFK
ODLQQ\D ȕTXHQFKLQJ GDODP ]LUFDOR\ DNDQ \DQJ EHUEHQWXN JUDQXOH .RPSRVLVL WLDS
PHPLFX WHUMDGLQ\D SURVHV SHODUXWDQ SDGDW VDPSHOGDODPSHQHOLWLDQLQLGLVDMLNDQGDODP
OHZDW MHQXK VXSHUVDWXUDWHG  GDQ Tabel 1
SHQLQJNDWDQ NHNHUDVDQ &KDLGLU GNN 6HODQMXWQ\D GLODNXNDQ SURVHV SHOHEXUDQ
  GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ WXQJNX EXVXU OLVWULN
3HQJHURODQ PHUXSDNDQ SURVHV XWDPD \DQJ WHUDOLUL JDV DUJRQ $UXV GDODP
\DQJ EHUXMXDQ XQWXN PHQLSLVNDQ SDGXDQ SHOHEXUDQ DGDODK  $ 8QWXN PHQFDSDL
ORJDP 1DPXQ SHQJHURODQ MXJD GDSDW KRPRJHQLWDV \DQJ WLQJJL PDND GLODNXNDQ
PHQLQJNDWNDQ NHNHUDVDQ ]LUFDOR\ PHODOXL SURVHV SHOHEXUDQ XODQJ UHPHOWLQJ 
PHNDQLVPHSHQJHUDVDQUHJDQJ %DQGUL\DQD VHEDQ\DNNDOLSDGDWLDSVDPSHO
GNN   6HGDQJNDQ SURVHV DQLO 3URVHV ȕTXHQFKLQJ GLODNXNDQ SDGD
EHUIXQJVL XQWXN PHQJKLODQJNDQ WHJDQJDQ WHPSHUDWXU ƒ& GDODP NRQGLVL DUJRQ
VLVD DNLEDW NHWLGDNVHUDJDPDQ GHIRUPDVL VHODPDMDP$SDELODSURVHVKROGLQJWHODK
SODVWLV \DQJ PXQFXO SDGD SHUODNXDQ PHQFDSDL  MDP NHPXGLDQ VDPSHO EHVHUWD
PHNDQLV $GDQ\D WHJDQJDQ VLVD GDODP FKDPEHU \DQJ EHULVL DUJRQ GLGLQJLQNDQ
EDKDQ DNDQ PHPLFX DWDX PHPSHUFHSDW VHFDUDFHSDWGLGDODPDLU
WHUMDGLQ\D NRURVL 6XJRQGR  )XWLFKDK 7HEDO KDVLO SHQJHURODQ DGDODK  PP
  'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ SURVHV DQLO SHUOX 3HQJHURODQ GLQJLQ GLODNXNDQ SDGD
GLODNXNDQSDGD]LUOR0RSDVFDSHQJHURODQ WHPSHUDWXU NDPDU GDQ WHUGLUL GDUL  WDKDS
3DGDSHQHOLWLDQLQLDNDQGLWHOLWLSHQJDUXK 3DGDWDKDSSHUWDPDNHWHEDODQQ\DDGDODK
SHQDPEDKDQ XQVXU SHPDGX 0R GDQ SURVHV PP VHGDQJNDQ SDGD WDKDS NHGXD
NHWHEDODQQ\DDGDODKPP


Tabel 1 .RPSRVLVLNDQGXQJDQEDKDQGDODPVDPSHO]LUOR0R
Kandungan Unsur Utama dan Pemadu
Kode Sampel
Zr Sn Nb Fe Mo
EHUDW     
=0
0DVVD JU      
EHUDW     
=0
0DVVD JU      
EHUDW     
=0
0DVVD JU      
EHUDW     
=0
0DVVD JU      

_
JURNAL Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol. 01, No. 01, Januari 2013

3URVHV DQLO GLODNXNDQ GDODP  WDKDS XQWXN PHQJKLWXQJ NHNHUDVDQ GHQJDQ


\DLWX PDVLQJPDVLQJ GLODNXNDQ SDVFD SHUVDPDDQ  GDQ KDVLOQ\D WHUGDSDW GDODP
SHQJHURODQ $QLO SHUWDPD SDGD WHPSHUDWXU Tabel 2
ƒ&NHGXDSDGDƒ&GDQNHWLJDSDGD 3DGD Tabel 2 WHUOLKDW EDKZD NHNHUDVDQ
ƒ& 6HOXUXK SURVHV DQLO EHUDGD GDODP WHUWLQJJL PHQFDSDL  *3D GLPLOLNL ROHK
NRQGLVLDUJRQXQWXNPHQJKLQGDULRNVLGDVL VDPSHO =0 SDVFD URO SDQDV GDQ
6HODQMXWQ\D VDPSHO GLXML NHNHUDVDQQ\D NHNHUDVDQ WHUHQGDK GLPLOLNL ROHK VDPSHO
GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ PLFURKDUGQHVV =0 KDVLO SHOHEXUDQ GHQJDQ QLODL
9LFNHUV WHVWHU 3UHSDUDVL XML NHNHUDVDQ NHNHUDVDQ  *3D 0HODOXL SHQJXMLDQ
WHUGLUL GDUL SHPRWRQJDQ SHPELQJNDLDQ WHUVHEXW WDPSDN EDKZD SHQDPEDKDQ 0R
SHQJJHULQGDDQ GDUL JULW  VDPSDL  GDQ IDEULNDVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ VDQJDW
SHPROHVDQ GHQJDQ SDVWD DOXPLQD PHQHQWXNDQNHNHUDVDQSDGXDQ]LUOR0R
SHQFXFLDQ GHQJDQ XOWUDVRQLN VHUWD 6HFDUD XPXP SHQDPEDKDQ XQVXU
SHQJHWVDDQGHQJDQODUXWDQHWVD\DQJWHUGLUL SHPDGX 0R DNDQ PHQLQJNDWNDQ NHNHUDVDQ
GDULPODTXDGHV+12VHEDQ\DNPO ]LUOR0R3HQLQJNDWDQLQLWHUMDGLNDUHQD0R
GDQ +)  VHEDQ\DN  PO .HNHUDVDQ PXGDK PHPEHQWXN VHQ\DZD LQWHUPHWDOLN
VDPSHO GLKLWXQJ GHQJDQ SHUVDPDDQ  DQWDUD =U GHQJDQ 0R \DQJ GDSDW
(YDQV &KDUOHV  PHQJKDPEDW JHUDN GLVORNDVL VHODPD
SHQDPEDKDQQ\DEHOXPPHOHELKLEHUDW
6XJRQGR 7HUKDPEDWQ\DSHUJHUDNDQ
 GLVORNDVL LQL PHQDQGDNDQ NHNHUDVDQ VXDWX
 EDKDQDNDQPHQLQJNDW 3URVHVȕTXHQFKLQJ
GHQJDQ +9  QLODL NHNHUDVDQ 9LFNHUV GDODP Tabel 2 MXJD WHUOLKDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ
*3D  3  EHEDQ 1  '  GLDJRQDO UHUDWD NHNHUDVDQ SDGXDQ 3HQLQJNDWDQ LQL
PP  GLDNLEDWNDQ ROHK PHNDQLVPH SHODUXWDQ
SDGDWGDQDWDXSUHVLSLWDVL\DQJWHUMDGLSDGD
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ȕTXHQFKLQJ 3DGD SHODUXWDQ SDGDW DNDQ
WLPEXO WHJDQJDQ DNLEDW DGDQ\D XQVXU
'DODP PHODNXNDQ XML NHNHUDVDQ GHQJDQ SHPDGX GDODP EDVH PHWDO \DQJ
PLFURKDUGQHVV 9LFNHUV WHVWHU GLJXQDNDQ PHQJKDPEDW SHUJHUDNDQ GLVORNDVL
EHEDQ VHEHVDU  P1 'LDJRQDO KDVLO %HUGDVDUNDQ KXNXP +XPH5RWKHU\ GDODP
MHMDNDQ \DQJ WHUXNXU NHPXGLDQ GLJXQDNDQ SDGXDQ ]LUOR0R DNDQ WHUMDGL  MHQLV ODUXW
SDGDW \DLWX VHFDUD VXEVWLWXVL GDQ LQWHUVWLVL
/DUXW SDGDW VXEVWLWXVL DNDQ WHUMDGL DSDELOD

Tabel 2 1LODL NHNHUDVDQ VDPSHO ]LUOR0R GHQJDQ NDQGXQJDQ 0R \DQJ EHUEHGD EHUGDVDUNDQ IDEULNDVLQ\D
%HEDQLQGHQWRU\DQJGLJXQDNDQDGDODKP1
Kandungan Unsur Utama dan Pemadu
Proses Fabrikasi
ZM-0 ZM-0,3 ZM-0,4 ZM-0,5
3HOHEXUDQ “ “ “ “
ȕTXHQFKLQJ “ “ “ “
5ROSDQDV “ “ “ “
$QLOƒ& “ “ “ “
5ROGLQJLQ “ “ “ “
$QLOƒ& “ “ “ “
5ROGLQJLQ “ “ “ “
$QLOƒ& “ “ “ “

_
<XDQW7LDQGKRGNN3HQJDUXK8QVXU3HPDGX0RGDQ3URVHV)DEULNDVL7HUKDGDS
.HNHUDVDQ3ODW=LUOR0R

SHUEHGDDQ GLDPHWHU DWRP SHODUXW GHQJDQ   6HODLQ LWX GDSDW GLOLKDW SXOD EDKZD
DWRP WHUODUXW NXUDQJ GDUL  GDQ MLND SHQJHURODQ SDQDV GDSDW PHQFDSDL WLQJNDW
SHUEHGDDQQ\D OHELK GDUL  PDND DNDQ NHNHUDVDQ WHUWLQJJL +DO LQL WHUMDGL NDUHQD
WHUMDGL ODUXW SDGDW LQWHUVWLVL 6PLWK   SHQJHURODQ SDQDV GLODNXNDQ VHWHODK ȕ
.DUHQDGLDPHWHUDWRP=UDGDODKcGDQ TXHQFKLQJ \DQJ PHQJKDVLONDQ WHJDQJDQ
GLDPHWHU DWRP 6Q 1E GDQ 0R EHUNLVDU GDODP SDGXDQ FXNXS WLQJJL GLEDQGLQJNDQ
DQWDUD      ±  c PDND NHODUXWDQ GHQJDQ WHJDQJDQ SDGD SHQJHURODQ GLQJLQ
\DQJ WHUMDGL DGDODK VXEVWLWXVL 6HGDQJNDQ \DQJ WHODK PHODOXL SURVHV DQLO 6HGDQJNDQ
)H \DQJ PHPLOLNL GLDPHWHU DWRP  c SHQJHURODQ WDKDS  PHPLOLNL NHNHUDVDQ
DNDQWHUODUXWVHFDUDLQWHUVWLVL 0RRUHHWDO OHELK WLQJJL GLEDQGLQJNDQ NHNHUDVDQ SDGD
  SHQJHURODQ GLQJLQ WDKDS  7HQWX VDMD LQL
3HQJHUDVDQ PHODOXL SUHVLSLWDVL WHUMDGL WHUMDGL NDUHQD NHUDSDWDQ GLVORNDVL SDGD
DNLEDW DGDQ\D LQWL IDVD NHGXD \DQJ MXJD SHQJHURODQ GLQJLQ WDKDS  OHELK WLQJJL
GDSDW PHQLPEXONDQ WHJDQJDQ GDQ GLEDQGLQJNDQ NHUDSDWDQ GLVORNDVL SDGD
PHQJKDPEDWSHUJHUDNDQGLVORNDVL,QWLIDVD SHQJHURODQGLQJLQWDKDS
NHGXD GDSDW WHUEHQWXN NDUHQD SDGD 'DODP Tabel 2 MXJD GDSDW GLNHWDKXL
SHQGLQJLQDQ FHSDW PHQJDNLEDWNDQ SDGXDQ EDKZD SHUODNXDQ DQLO GDSDW PHQXUXQNDQ
EHUDGD GDODP NRQGLVL MHQXK VHUWD WHUMDGL NHNHUDVDQ SDGXDQ .DUHQD VHSHUWL SDGD
UHDNVLNLPLDVHFDUDVSRQWDQ 6PLWK  WXMXDQ DZDO DQLO GLODNXNDQ XQWXN
6HODLQKDOGLDWDVSHQLQJNDWDQNHNHUDVDQ PHQJXUDQJL WHJDQJDQ VLVD \DQJ EHUHIHN
GDODP ȕTXHQFKLQJ MXJD GDSDW GLMHODVNDQ WHUKDGDS SHQXUXQDQ NHNHUDVDQ EDKDQ
ROHKSHULVWLZDSHQXUXQDQXNXUDQEXWLU\DQJ +XEXQJDQHPSLULVDQWDUDNHNHUDVDQGHQJDQ
XPXPQ\D WHUMDGL SDGD SURVHV SHQGLQJLQDQ WHPSHUDWXU DQLO GLEHULNDQ ROHK SHUVDPDDQ
FHSDW $GDQ\D IDVD NHGXD DWDX XQVXU DVLQJ 'LHWHU 
\DQJ WHUEHQWXN GDODP SURVHV LQL DNDQ  
PHQJKDPEDW SHUJHUDNDQ EDWDV EXWLU 
VHKLQJJD SHUWXPEXKDQ EXWLU SXQ VHPDNLQ GHQJDQ + DGDODK QLODL NHNHUDVDQ $ GDQ %
VXOLW+XEXQJDQDQWDUDXNXUDQEXWLUGHQJDQ DGDODK NRQVWDQWD \DQJ EHUJDQWXQJ SDGD
NHNHUDVDQ VXDWX ORJDP DWDX SDGXDQ MHQLVPDWHULDOGDQ7DGDODKWHPSHUDWXUDQLO
GLEHULNDQ GDODP SHUVDPDDQ +DOO3HWFK 0HODOXLKDVLOXMLNHNHUDVDQGDODPTabel
$JUDZDO  2 GLNHWDKXL EDKZD DQLO \DQJ PHPLOLNL
 NHNHUDVDQWHUHQGDKWHUMDGLSDGDDQLOƒ&
    +DVLO LQL VHGLNLW EHUEHGD GHQJDQ KXEXQJDQ
 HPSLULV DQWDUD NHNHUDVDQ ORJDP WHUKDGDS
WHPSHUDWXU 'DUL KXEXQJDQ WHUVHEXW
GHQJDQ   NHNHUDVDQ 3D    VHKDUXVQ\D VHPDNLQ WLQJJL WHPSHUDWXU DQLO

NRQVWDQWD 3D  N  NRQVWDQWD 1P  GDQ PDND NHNHUDVDQ DNDQ VHPDNLQ UHQGDK
G  XNXUDQ EXWLU P  6HKLQJJD PHODOXL 3HQ\LPSDQJDQLQLNHPXQJNLQDQGLVHEDENDQ
KXEXQJDQ WHUVHEXW WHUOLKDW EDKZD VHPDNLQ ROHK SURVHV \DQJ GLODNXNDQ VHEHOXP DQLO
UHQGDK XNXUDQ EXWLU PDND NHNHUDVDQ VXDWX WHUVHEXW 3DGD DQLO ƒ& SURVHV
SDGXDQDNDQVHPDNLQPHQLQJNDW VHEHOXPQ\D \DQJ GLODNXNDQ DGDODK ȕ
3DGD Tabel 2 WHUOLKDW EDKZD VHOXUXK TXHQFKLQJ GDQ URO SDQDV \DQJ
SURVHV SHQJHURODQ DNDQ PHQLQJNDWNDQ PHQJKDVLONDQ WHJDQJDQ VLVD VDQJDW WLQJJL
NHNHUDVDQ]LUOR0R3HQLQJNDWDQNHNHUDVDQ %HUEHGDGHQJDQSURVHVVHEHOXPDQLOƒ&
LQL GLFDSDL PHODOXL SURVHV SHQJHUDVDQ \DLWX SURVHV SHQJHURODQ GLQJLQ GLPDQD
UHJDQJ DNLEDW GHIRUPDVL SODVWLV VHEHOXPQ\D VDPSHO WHODK GLDQLO SDGD
SHQJHURODQ  \DQJ PHQ\HEDENDQ WHPSHUDWXU ƒ& VHKLQJJD WHJDQJDQ VLVD
SHQLQJNDWDQ NHUDSDWDQ GLVORNDVL VHKLQJJD GL GDODPQ\D SXQ WHODK OHELK UHQGDK
GLVORNDVL VHPDNLQ VXNDU EHUJHUDN 6PLWK

_
JURNAL Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol. 01, No. 01, Januari 2013

GLEDQGLQJNDQ VHEHOXP DQLO ƒ& 1DPXQ 0DWHULDO .HORQJVRQJ %DKDQ %DNDU 1XNOLU
GHPLNLDQ PDVLK WHWDS WHUEXNWL EDKZD -XUQDO6DLQV0DWHUL,QGRQHVLD(GLVL.KXVXV
VHPDNLQ WLQJJL WHPSHUDWXU DQLO \DQJ 'HVHPEHUSS
GLJXQDNDQ PDND VHPDNLQ WLQJJL SXOD
SHQXUXQDQNHNHUDVDQGDULSDGXDQ]LUOR0R %UDG\*6&ODLVHU+5 9DFFDQ$
   0DWHULDOV +DQGERRN DQ
(QF\FORSHGLD IRU 0DQDJHUV 7HFKQLFDO
3URIHVVLRQDO 3XUFKDVLQJ DQG 3URGXFWLRQ
KESIMPULAN 0DQDJHUV 7HFKQLFLDQV DQG 6XSHUYLVRUV
6HFDUD XPXP SHQDPEDKDQ XQVXU 1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO3URIHVVLRQDO
SHPDGX 0R GDODP SDGXDQ ]LUOR0R DNDQ &KDLGLU $ $JXV < '  3ULEDGL 6
PHQLQJNDWNDQ NHNHUDVDQ 3URVHV IDEULNDVL  3HQJDUXK 3HPDQDVDQ 3DGXDQ =U
VDQJDW PHPSHQJDUXKL NHNHUDVDQ \DQJ 1E6Q)H WHUKDGDS
GLPLOLNLROHKSDGXDQ]LUOR0R3HQLQJNDWDQ .HWDKDQDQ .RURVL GDQ .HNHUDVDQQ\D
NHNHUDVDQGDSDW GLFDSDL GHQJDQPHODNXNDQ 3URVLGLQJ 6HPLQDU 1DVLRQDO NH
SURVHV ȕTXHQFKLQJ GDQ SHQJHURODQ 7HNQRORJL GDQ .HVHODPDWDQ 3/71 VHUWD
6HGDQJNDQSURVHVDQLOEHUVLIDWPHQXUXQNDQ )DVLOLWDV1XNOLU%DQGXQJ1RSHPEHUSS
NHNHUDVDQ SDGXDQ NDUHQD GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN 
PHQJXUDQJLWHJDQJDQVLVD
%HUGDVDUNDQ KDVLO XML NHNHUDVDQ \DQJ 'LHWHU * (   0HFKDQLFDO
WHODK GLODNXNDQ PDND SODW ]LUOR0R \DQJ 0HWDOOXUJ\1HZ<RUN0F*UDZKLOO
WHUEHQWXN GDODP SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHPLOLNL
NDUDNWHULVWLN \DQJ EDLN 1DPXQ PDVLK (YDQV $ *  &KDUOHV ( $  
GLEXWXKNDQSHQHOLWLDQOHELKODQMXWPHQJHQDL )UDFWXUH 7RXJKQHVV E\ ,QGHQWDWLRQ - $P
NDUDNWHULVWLN ODLQ VHSHUWL NHWDKDQDQ NRURVL &HUDP6RF  SS
NHWDKDQDQ UDGLDVL GDQ WDPSDQJ VHUDS
)RVWHU-3&RPVWRFN5-:RUFHVWHU6
QHXWURQ VHEHOXP ]LUOR0R GLJXQDNDQ
$  6DERO * 3   0HWKRG RI
VHEDJDL NHORQJVRQJ EDKDQ EDNDU QXNOLU
3URFHVVLQJ =LUOR 0DWHULDO IRU /LJKW :DWHU
GDODPVXDWXUHDNWRUQXNOLU

5HDFWRU $SSOLFDWLRQV 8QLWHG 6WDWHV RI
$PHULFD3DWHQW1R
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
/HH - +  +ZDQJ 6 .   (IIHFW
7HULPD NDVLK NHSDGD 3XVDW 7HNQRORJL RI 0R $GGLWLRQ RQ WKH &RUURVLRQ
%DKDQ %DNDU 1XNOLU±%DWDQ \DQJ WHODK 5HVLVWDQFH RI =U%DVHG $OOR\ LQ :DWHU
PHQGDQDL SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHODOXL SURJUDP &RQWDLQLQJ /L2+ -RXUQDO RI 1XFOHDU
',3$ 0DWHULDOV9ROXPHSS
0DUGRQ - 3 &KDUTXHW '  6HQHYDW -
DAFTAR PUSTAKA   ,QIOXHQFH RI &RPSRVLWLRQ DQG
)DEULFDWLRQ 3URFHVV LQ 2XW RI 3LOH DQG LQ
$JUDZDO % .   ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR 3LOH 3URSHUWLHV RI 0 $OOR\ =LUFRQLXP LQ
(QJLQHHULQJ 0DWHULDOV 1HZ 'HOKL WKH 1XFOHDU ,QGXVWU\ WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
0F*UDZ+LOO 6\PSRVLXP$670673SS

%DQGUL\DQD % ,VPR\R $ +  3DULNLQ 0LOOHU * /   =LUFRQLXP QG HG
  3URVHV 3HQJHURODQ GDQ /RQGRQ %XWWHUZRUWKV 6FLHQWLILF
.DUDNWHULVDVL 3DGXDQ =U1E0R*H XQWXN 3XEOLFDWLRQV
_
<XDQW7LDQGKRGNN3HQJDUXK8QVXU3HPDGX0RGDQ3URVHV)DEULNDVL7HUKDGDS
.HNHUDVDQ3ODW=LUOR0R

0RRUH-:6WDQLWVNL&/ -XUV3& 6XJRQGR  )XWLFKDK   3HQJDUXK


  3ULQFLSOHV RI &KHPLVWU\ WKH 3HUODNXDQ 3DQDV SDGD 5HJDQJDQ GDQ
0ROHFXODU6FLHQFH86$%URRNV&ROH 7HJDQJDQ 6LVD 3DGXDQ =U6Q1E
)H -XUQDO 7HNQRORJL %DKDQ 1XNOLU
6DERO*3&RPVWXFN5- 1D\DN8   SS
3  (IIHFWRI'LOXWH$OOR\$GGLWLRQV
RI 0ROLEGHQXP 1LRELXP DQG 9DQDGLXP 6XVDQWR<'$  3HPEXDWDQ,QJRW
RQ =LUFRQLXP &RUURVLRQ =LUFRQLXP LQ WKH =LUOR0RVHEDJDL.HORQJVRQJ%DKDQ%DNDU
1XFOHDU ,QGXVWU\ WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5HDNWRU 'D\D +DVLO+DVLO 3HQHOLWLDQ (%1
6\PSRVLXPSS 7DKXQSS
6PLWK : )   3ULQFLSOHV RI 7HRGRUR & $ HW DO   &RPSDULVRQ
0DWHULDOV 6FLHQFH DQG (QJLQHHULQJ  HG RIWKH0HFKDQLFDO3URSHUWLHVDQG&RUURVLRQ
86$0F*UDZ+LOO 5HVLVWDQFH RI =LUOR DQG 2WKHU =LUFRQLXP
$OOR\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 1XFOHDU $WRPLF
6XJRQGR   3HUDQDQ 3HPDGX 6Q )H &RQIHUHQFH  6DQWRV 63 %UD]LO
&U1EGDQ0RGDODP=LUNDORL8UDQLD1R 6HSWHPEHU2FWREHUSS
7KQ;,-DQXDULSS


_

You might also like