Professional Documents
Culture Documents
$YDLODEOHRQOLQHDWKWWSMRXUQDOVEPLWEDFLG
0DQDMHPHQ
7HNQRORJL
$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD
3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ
0RGHO7HNQRPHWULN
(Y\5XVPDQLGD<DQWKL
$EGXO%DVLWKGDQ-RQR00XQDQGDU
)DNXOWDV(NRQRPLGDQ0DQDMHPHQ,QVWLWXW3HUWDQLDQ%RJRU
.DWDNXQFL7UDQVSRUWDVLNHUHWDDSLEDUDQJNRPSRQHQWHNQRORJLPRGHOWHNQRPHWULNDQDOLVLVKLUDUNLSURVHVPDQDMHPHQ
WHNQRORJL
.H\ZRUG 5DLO IUHLJKW WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ FRPSRQHQW WHFKQRPHWULF PRGHO DQDO\WLFDO KLHUDUFK\ SURFHVV WHFKQRORJ\
PDQDJHPHQW
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU(PDLOHYY\DQLGD#JPDLOFRP
WK WK WK
5HFHLYHG6HSWHPEHU 5HYLVLRQ6HSWHPEHU $FFHSWHG1RYHPEHU
3ULQW,6612QOLQH,661'2,KWWSG[GRLRUJMPW
&RS\ULJKW#3XEOLVKHGE\8QLW5HVHDUFKDQG.QRZOHGJH6FKRRORI %XVLQHVVDQG0DQDJHPHQW,QVWLWXW7HNQRORJL%DQGXQJ6%0,7%
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
0HQXUXW 3$7 %337 EDKZD XQWXN VHSHUDQJNDW WHNQRORJL WHUWHQWX QDPXQ MXJD
PHOLKDWGD\DVDLQJVHEXDKSHUXVDKDDQGDSDWGL PHODNXNDQ VWUDWHJL SHQJHPEDQJDQ GDODP
HYDOXDVL EHUGDVDUNDQ WLJD KDO GDODP DVSHN VXPEHU GD\D \DQJ DGD GDQ WHNQRORJL
SHQJHORODDQ WHNQRORJL \DLWX ,QQQRYDWLRQ \DQJ VDDW LQL GLJXQDNDQ /LDR
NHPDPSXDQRUJDQLVDVLGDODPPHPDQIDDWNDQ PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD PDQDMHPHQ WHNQRORJL
WHNQRORJL GHQJDQ PHODNXNDQ KDO EDUX DWDX PHUXSDNDQSURVHVSHQJHORODDQWHNQRORJL\DQJ
PHQJKDVLONDQ OXDUDQ EDUX 2SHUDWLQJ 6\VWHP P H O L S X W L S H U H Q F D Q D D Q S H Q J D U D K D Q
WDWD FDUD \DQJ GLODNXNDQ RUJDQLVDVL GDODP SHQJHQGDOLDQ GDQ NRRUGLQDVL SHQJHPEDQJDQ
PHPDQIDDWNDQ WHNQRORJL GDQ 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ GDQ LPSOHPHQWDVL NHPDPSXDQ WHNQRORJL
SHPDQIDDWDQWHNQRORJLXQWXNWHUXVEHUWDKDQ XQWXN PHQFDSDL WXMXDQ VWUDWHJLV GDQ
GDQ EHUNHPEDQJ GDODP SHUVDLQJDQ ELVQLV RSHUDVLRQDOVXDWXRUJDQLVDVL
3$7 %337 PHQMHODVNDQ EDKZD
WHNQRORJLWLGDNKDQ\DEHUXSDSHUDQJNDWNHUDV 0HQXUXW +DPLG &KHZ +DOLP
PHVLQGDQSHUDODWDQWHWDSLWHUGDSDWNRPSRQHQ WHUGDSDW GHODSDQ SULQVLSSULQVLS GDODP
WHNQRORJL\DQJVDOLQJEHUNDLWDQ PDQDMHPHQWHNQRORJLGLDQWDUDQ\D7HFKQRORJ\
'HYHORSPHQW 7HFKQRORJ\ ,PSURYHPHQW
7HNQRORJLPHQXUXW81(6&$3EDKZD 7H FK Q R O R J \ / H D G H U V K L S 7H FK Q R O R J \
WHNQRORJLWHUGLULDWDVHPSDWNRPSRQHQ\DLWX 3D U W Q H U V K L S V 6 X S S O L H U 3D U W L F L S D W L R Q
WHFKQRZDUH KXPDQZDUH LQIRZDUH GDQ RUJDZDUH 7HFKQRORJ \ 3LRQHHULQJ 7HFKQRORJLFDO
7HFKQRZDUHPHOLSXWLVHOXUXKIDVLOLWDVILVLN\DQJ ,QWHJUDWLRQ7HFKQRORJLFDO9DOXH7HFKQRORJ\
GLSHUOXNDQGDODPSURVHVWUDQVIRUPDVLVHSHUWL 6WDQGDUGV
LQVWUXPHQ SHUDODWDQ SHU PHVLQDQ DODW
SHQJDQJNXWDQ GDQ LQIUDVWU XNWXU ILVLN $QDO\WLFDO+LHUDUFK\3URFHVV$+3
+XPDQZDUHDGDODKWHNQRORJL\DQJPHOHNDWSDGD $QDO\WLFDO +LHUDUFK\ 3URFHVV $+3 DGDODK
PDQXVLD \DLWX VHOXUXK NHPDPSXDQ SHJDZDL VHEXDK KLHUDUNL IXQJVLRQDO GHQJDQ LQSXW
\DQJ GLSHUOXNDQ GDODP NHJLDWDQ SURVHV XWDPDQ\D SHUVHSVL PDQXVLD 0HWRGH LQL
WUDQVIRUPDVL VHSHUWL SHQJHWDKXDQ NQRZOHGJH GLNHPEDQJNDQROHK3URI7KRPDV/RULH6DDW\
NHWHUDPSLODQ VNLOO NHELMDNDQ ZLVGRP GDUL :KDUWRQ %XVLQHVV 6FKRRO SDGD WDKXQ
NUHDWLYLWDV FUHDWLYLW\ GDQ SHQJDODPDQ \DQJGLJXQDNDQXQWXNPHQFDULSHULQJNDW
H[SHULHQFH ,QIRZDUH DGDODK WHNQRORJL \DQJ DWDX XUXWDQ SULRULWDV GDUL EHUEDJDL DOWHUQDWLI
PHOHNDW SDGD GRNXPHQ PHQFDNXS VHOXUXK GDODP SHPHFDKDQ VXDWX SHUPDVDODKDQ
IDNWD GDQ JDPEDUJDPEDU \DQJ GLSHUOXNDQ 3HUDODWDQXWDPD$QDOLW\FDO+LHUDUFK\3URFHVV
GDODP RSHUDVL WUDQVIRUPDVL VHSHUWL LQIRUPDVL $+3 DGDODK PHPLOLNL VHEXDK KLUDUNL
WHQWDQJSURVHVSURVHGXUWHNQLNPHWRGHWHRUL IXQJVLRQDO GHQJDQ LQSXW XWDPDQ\D SHUVHSVL
VSHVLILNDVL 6HGDQJNDQ RU JDZDUH DGDODK PDQXVLD 'HQJDQ KLUDUNL VXDWX PDVDODK
WHNQRORJL \DQJ PHOHNDW SDGD NHOHPEDJDDQ NRPSOHNVGDQWLGDNWHUVWUXNWXUGLSHFDKNDQNH
PHQFDNXS NHUDQJND NHUMD \DQJ GLSHUOXNDQ GDODP NHORPSRNNHORPSRNQ\D GDQ GLDWXU
SDGD SURVHV WUDQVIRUPDVL VHSHUWL SUDNWHN PHQMDGLVXDWXEHQWXNKLUDUNL
PDQDMHPHQ PDQDJHPHQW SUDFWLFH SHUWDOLDQ
O L Q N D J H G D Q S H Q J D W X U D Q R U J D Q L V D V L 0HQXUXW (1XU 63XURQRPR :LG\D DW DO
RUJDQL]DWLRQDODUUDQJHPHQW 3ULQVLS \DQJ KDUXV GLSDKDPL GDODP
PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ SHUPDVDODKDQ GHQJDQ $+3
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL DQWDUDODLQ
SHQJHORODDQWHNQRORJL\DQJPHQFDNXSSURVHV 'HFRPSRVLWLRQ PHPEXDW KLHUDUNL 6LVWHP
LQRYDVL PHODOXL 5HVHDUFK 'HYHORSPHQW \DQJ NRPSOHNV ELVD GLSDKDPL GHQJDQ
SHQJHORODDQSDGDSHQJHQDODQGDQSHQJJXQDDQ PHPHFDKNDQQ\D PHQMDGL HOHPHQHOHPHQ
W H N Q R O R J L G D O D P S U R G X N G D Q S U R V H V \DQJOHELKNHFLOGDQPXGDKGLSDKDPL
PDQXIDNWXU%RDUG*XGDQRZVND
PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD NHJLDWDQ PDQDMHPHQ
WHNQRORJL WLGDN WHUEDWDV SDGD SHQJHORODDQ
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
&RPSDUDWLYH MXGJPHQW SHQLODLDQ NULWHULD GDQ F-XPODKNDQ KDVLO EDJL GL DWDV GHQJDQ
DOWHUQDWLI .ULWHULD GDQ DOWHUQDWLI GLODNXNDQ EDQ\DNQ\D HOHPHQ \DQJ DGD KDVLOQ\D
GHQJDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ EHUSDVDQJDQVHKLQJJD GLVHEXW«PDNV
GDSDWGLNHWDKXLVNDODNHSHQWLQJDQGDULPDVLQJ 0HODNXNDQSHQJKLWXQJDQ&RQVLVWHQF\,QGH[
PDVLQJNULWHULDWHUKDGDSNULWHULDODLQQ\D &, GHQJDQ UXPXV &, «PD[ ² QQ
6\QWKHVLVRI SULRULW\PHQHQWXNDQSULRULWDV 'LPDQDQ EDQ\DNQ\DHOHPHQ
/RJLFDO&RQVLVWHQF\NRQVLVWHQVLORJLV 0 H O D N X N D Q S H Q J K L W X Q J D Q 5 D V L R
.RQVLVWHQVL&RQVLVWHQF\5DWLR&5GHQJDQ
6HFDUDXPXPSHQJDPELODQNHSXWXVDQGHQJDQ UXPXV &5 &,,5 'LPDQD &5
PHWRGH $+3 GLGDVDUNDQ SDGD ODQJNDK² &RQVLVWHQF\5DWLR&, &RQVLVWHQF\,QGH[,5
ODQJNDKEHULNXW ,QGHNV5DQGRP&RQVLVWHQF\
0HQGHILQLVLNDQPDVDODKGDQPHQHQWXNDQ 0HPHULNVDNRQVLVWHQVLKLUDUNL-LNDQLODLQ\D
VROXVL \DQJ GLLQJLQNDQ ODOX PHQ\XVXQ OHELKGDULPDNDSHQLODLDQGDWDMXGJPHQW
KLUDUNLGDULSHUPDVDODKDQ\DQJGLKDGDSL KDUXV GLSHUEDLNL 1DPXQ MLND 5DVLR
0HQHQWXNDQ SULRULWDV HOHPHQ 'DODP .RQVLVWHQVLNXUDQJDWDXVDPDGHQJDQ
PHQHQWXNDQ SULRULWDV HOHPHQ SHUOX P D N D K D V L O S H U K L W X Q J D Q G L D Q J J D S
PHPEXDW SHUEDQGLQJDQ SDVDQJDQ GHQJDQ NRQVLVWHQ
PHPEDQGLQJNDQ PHPEDQGLQJNDQ HOHPHQ
VHFDUD EHUSDVDQJDQ VHVXDL NULWHULD \DQJ 0RGHO7HNQRPHWULN
G L E H U L N D Q 0 D W U L N V S H U E D Q G L Q J D Q 0RGHO 7HNQRPHWULN PHUXSDNDQ PRGHO \DQJ
EHUSDVDQJDQ GLLVL PHQJJXQDNDQ ELODQJDQ GLNHPEDQJNDQROHK7HFKQRORJ\$WODV3URMHFW\DQJ
XQWXN PHUHSUHVHQWDVLNDQ NHSHQWLQJDQ EHUDGDGDODPQDXQJDQ8QLWHG1DWLRQV(FRQRPLF
UHODWLI GDULVXDWXHOHPHQWHUKDGDSHOHPHQ DQG6RFLDO&RPPLVLRQVIRU$VLDDQGWKH3DFLILN81
\DQJODLQQ\D (6&$3 7HFKQRORJ\ $WODV 3URMHFW PHQ\XVXQ
6LQWHVLVGLODNXNDQWHUKDGDSSHUWLPEDQJDQ HQDP EXDK NHUDQJND NHUMD SHQJHPEDQJDQ
SDGD SHUEDQGLQJDQ EHUSDVDQJDQ XQWXN WHNQRORJL81(6&$3.HUDQJNDNHUMD
PHPSHUROHKNHVHOXUXKDQSULRULWDV3URVHV NH \DQJ GLVXVXQ EHUMXGXO 7HFKQRORJ\ &RQWHQW
VLQWHVLV GLODNXNDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ WDKDSDQ $VVHVVPHQW \DQJ GLGDODPQ\D WHUGDSDW 0RGHO
EHULNXW 7HNQRPHWULN
D 0HQMXPODKNDQ QLODLQLODL GDUL VHWLDS
NRORPSDGDPDWULNV .HOXDUDQ PRGHO WHNQRPHWULN DGDODK QLODL
E0HPEDJLVHWLDSQLODLGDULNRORPGHQJDQ .RHILVLHQ.RQWULEXVL7HNQRORJLDWDX7HFKQRORJ\
WRWDO NRORP \DQJ EHUVDQJNXWDQ XQWXN &RQWULEXWLRQ &RHIILFLHQW VHODQMXWQ\D GLVHEXW
PHPSHUROHKQRUPDOLVDVLPDWULNV 7&& 3HUVDPDDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN
F0HQMXPODKNDQQLODLQLODLGDULVHWLDSEDULV PHQJKLWXQJQLODLVHEDJDLEHULNXW
GDQPHPEDJLQ\DGHQJDQMXPODKHOHPHQ 7&& 7¢Wï+¢Kï,¢Lï2¢R
XQWXNPHQGDSDWNDQQLODLUDWDUDWD
3HQJXNXUDQNRQVLVWHQVLGLSHUOXNDQXQWXN 'LPDQD7+,2 NRQWULEXVLGDULPDVLQJ
PHQJHWDKXLDSDNDKSHPEXDWDQNHSXWXVDQ
PDVLQJ NRPSRQHQ WHNQRORJL WHFKQRZDUH
GLODNXNDQ VHFDUD NRQVLVWHQ 3HQJXNXUDQ
KXPDQZDUHLQIRUZDUHGDQRUJDZDUH
NRQVLVWHQVL GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ ODQJNDK
¢W ¢K ¢L ¢R LQWHQVLWDV NRQWULEXVL
ODQJNDKVHEDJDLEHULNXW
7+,2WHUKDGDS7&&
D.DOLNDQVHWLDSQLODLSDGDNRORPSHUWDPD
GHQJDQSULRULWDVUHODWLI HOHPHQSHUWDPD
QLODLSDGDNRORPNHGXDGHQJDQSULRULWDV 7DKDSDQ SHUKLWXQJ DQ QLODL NRQWULEXVL
UHODWLI HOHPHQNHGXDGDQVHWHUXVQ\D NRPSRQHQ WHNQRORJL7HFKQRORJ\ &RQWULEXWLRQ
E-XPODKNDQ VHWLDS EDULV KDVLO GDUL &RHIILFLHQW 7&& GHQJDQ 0RGHO 7HNQRPHWULN
SHQMXPODKDQEDULVGLEDJLGHQJDQHOHPHQ VHFDUDXPXPGLMHODVNDQSDGD*DPEDU
SULRULWDVUHODWLI \DQJEHUVDQJNXWDQ
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
,GHQWLILNDVL
WHNQRORJL
.ULWHULDSHQHQWXDQ .ULWHULDSHQHQWXDQ
WLQJNDWNHFDQJJLKDQ QLODLVWDWHRI WKHDUW
3HQHQWXDQQLODL 3HQHQWXDQQLODL
WLQJNDKNHFDQJJLKDQ VWDWHRI WKHDUW
3HUKLWXQJDQQLODL
$+3
NRQWULEXVLNRPSRQHQ
WHNQRORJL 3HUKLWXQJDQQLODL
LQWHQVLWDV
NRQWULEXVL
3HUKLWXQJDQQLODL
NRHILVLHQNRQWULEXVL
WHNQRORJL7&&
*DPEDU
7DKDSDQSHUKLWXQJDQQLODL7&&
7UDQVSRUW.HUHWD$SL 7DUJHW.LQHUMD .HWHUVHGLDDQGDQ 3HUOXPHQJXNXUNRQWULEXVL
2SHUDVLGDQ9ROXPH 3HUPDVDODKDQ 3HPDQIDDWDQ7HNQRORJL NRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL
/RJLVWLNPHQMDGLSURJUDP
3HQMXDODQWLGDN 2SHUDVLRQDO EHOXPRSWLPDO 7+,2
SULRULWDVSHPHULQWDK
WHUFDSDL
3HQ\XVXQDQ,QVWUXPHQ3HQHOLWLDQ
.XHVLRQHUSDNDUSHQLODLDQ 3HQJXPSXODQ'DWD y NULWHULDSHQLODLDQWLQJNDWNHFDQJJLKDQNRPSRQHQ
LQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVL REVHUYDVLZDZDQFDUD WHNQRORJL
NRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL NXHVLRQHUWHODDKGRNXPHQ y NULWHULDSHQLODLDQVWDWHRI WKHDUW627$
GLVNXVLNRQILUPDVLGDWD y SHQHQWXDQEDWDVEDZDKEDWDVDWDVNRPSRQHQ
GHQJDQFRXQWHUSDUW WHNQRORJL
7LQJNDWFDQJJLKDQ
y NXHVLRQHUSURPLVHFRPSDULVRQXQWXNSHQHQWXDQ
WLQJNDWNHPXNWDKLUDQ
QLODLLQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVLNRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL
EDWDVDWDVEDWDVEDZDK
XQWXNSDNDU
3HUKLWXQJDQQLODL 3HUKLWXQJDQQLODL
LQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVL 0RGHO
NRQWULEXVL
NRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL 7HNQRPHWULN
NRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL
0HWRGH $QDOLVLV'DWD
3HUKLWXQJDQ.RHILVLHQ 1LODL.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL1LODL,QWHQVLWDV .HVLPSXODQGDQ
$+3
.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ .RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL1LODL.RHILVLHQ.RQWULEXVL 5HNRPHQGDVL
7HNQRORJL7&& 7HNQRORJL3HQHQWXDQ3ULRULWDV3HQJHPEDQJDQ.RPSRQHQ
7HNQRORJL
0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
*DPEDU
.HUDQJND$QDOLVLV
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
7DEHO
.ULWHULD3HQLODLDQ7LQJNDW.HFDQJJLKDQ.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
7LQJNDWNHFDQJJLKDQWHNQRORJL 6NRU
7HKQRZDUH +XPDQZDUH ,QIRZDUH 2UJDZDUH
3HUDODWDQ PDPSX 0DPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ 2UJDQLVDVL NHFLO EHOXP
0DQXDO PHQJJXQDNDQ GDQ PHQJHOROD PHQJHQDL NHUMDVDPD
LQIRUPDVLGDWDXPXP EHOXP PHPLOLNL VVWHP
PDQDMHPHQ
3HUDODWDQ PDPSX PDPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ RUJDQLVDVL PXODL PHQMDOLQ
0HNDQLN PHPDVDQJ GDQ PHQJHOROD NHUMDVDPD GDQ PHPLOLNL
LQIRUPDVLGDWDWHNQLV VLVWHP PDQDMHPHQ \DQJ
VHGHUKDQD
3HUDODWDQ XQWXN PDPSXPHUDZDW PDPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ 2UJDQLVDVL PXODL PHPLOLNL
3HQJJXQDDQ GDQ PHQJRODK GDWD MDULQJDQ NHUMDVDPD
XPXP XPXPGDQGDWDWHNQLV PHPSXQ\DL VLVWHP
PDQDMHPHQ\DQJEDNX
3HUDODWDQ XQWXN PDPSX PDPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ 2UJDQLVDVL PXODL PHPLOLNL
SHQJXQDDQ PHQJHOROD GDQ PHQJRODK MDULQJDQ NHUMDVDPD \DQJ
NKXVXV LQIRUPDVL GDWD XQWXN WHUXV EHUNHPEDQJ
HIHNWLILWDVGDQHILVLHQVL PHPSXQ\DL VLVWHP
PDQDMHPHQ \DQJ EDNX
GLDNXLSLKDNNHWLJDPDPSX
PHQJLGHQWLILNDVL SDVDU
\DQJSRWHQVLDO
3HUDODWDQ PDPSX PDPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ 2UJDQLVDVLPXODLPHPLOLNL
RWRPDWLV PHQJHPEDQJNDQ GDQ PHQJRODK MDULQJDQNHUMDVDPD\DQJ
LQIRUPDVL GDWD XQWXN WHUXVEHUNHPEDQJPDPSX
PHQLQJNDWNDQ EHUVDLQJPDPSXXQWXN
SHQJHWDXDQ SHQLQJNDWDQSDVDUGDQ
NXDOLWDV
3HUDODWDQ PDPSX PDPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ 2UJDQLVDVLPXODLPHPLOLNL
WHUNRPSXWHUL PHODNXNDQ GDQ PHQJRODK MDULQJDQNHUMDVDPD\DQJ
VDVL LQRYDVL GHQJDQ LQIRUPDVL GDWD XQWXN WHUXVEHUNHPEDQJPDPSX
EDQWXDQ SHUEDLNDQ GDQ EHUVDLQJPDPSXXQWXN
HNVWHUQDO PRGLILNDVL SHUOXDVDQSDVDUEDUX
3HUDODWDQ PDPSX PDPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ 2UJDQLVDVL PXODL PHPLOLNL
WHULQWHJUDVL PHODNXNDQ GDQ PHQJHOROD MDULQJDQ NHUMDVDPD \DQJ
LQRYDVLVHQGLUL LQIRUPDVL GDWD WHNQLV WHUXVEHUNHPEDQJPDPSX
XQWXN SHQJJXQDDQ EHUVDLQJ PDPSX PHQMDGL
VSHVLILNLQRYDVL OHDGHU
7DEHO
3HQLODLDQ%DWDV$WDVGDQ%DWDV%DZDK.HFDQJJLKDQ.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
%DWDV7LQJNDW.HFDQJLKDQ
.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
%DWDV%DZDK// %DWDV$WDV8/
7HFKQRZDUH /7 87
+XPDQZDUH /+ 8+
,QIRZDUH /, 8,
2UJDZDUH /2 82
.HWHUDQJDQ 87 EDWDVDWDVWHFKQRZDUH 8, EDWDVDWDVLQIRZDUH
// /RZHU/LPLW /+ EDWDVEDZDKKXPDQZDUH /2 EDWDVEDZDKRUJDZDUH
8/ 8SSHU/LPLW 8+ EDWDVDWDVKXPDQZDUH 82 EDWDVDWDVRUJDZDUH
/7 EDWDVEDZDKWHFKQRZDUH /, EDWDVEDZDKLQIRZDUH
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
3HUKLWXQJDQ627$7HFKQRZDUH
NW MXPODKNULWHULDNRPSRQHQWHFKQRZDUH
GLPDQD W LN DGDODK QLODL NULWHULD NHN GDUL
WHFKQRZDUHNDWHJRULL
3HUKLWXQJDQ627$+XPDQZDUH
.HWHUDQJDQ
/7 EDWDVEDZDKWHFKQRZDUH
87 EDWDVDWDVWHFKQRZDUH
OK MXPODKNULWHULDNRPSRQHQKXPDQZDUH /+ EDWDVEDZDKKXPDQZDUH
GLPDQD KLM DGDODK QLODL NULWHULD NHL GDUL 8+ EDWDVDWDVKXPDQZDUH
KXPDQZDUHNDWHJRULM /, EDWDVEDZDKLQIRZDUH
8, EDWDVDWDVLQIRZDUH
3HUKLWXQJDQ627$,QIRZDUH /2 EDWDVEDZDKRUJDZDUH
82 EDWDVDWDVRUJDZDUH
67 627$WHFKQRZDUH
6+ 627$KXPDQZDUH
PI MXPODKNULWHULDNRPSRQHQLQIRZDUH
/, 627$LQIRZDUH
GLPDQDIPDGDODKQLODLNULWHULDNHPGDULLQIRZDUH
62 627$RUJDZDUH
SDGDWLQJNDWSHUXVDKDDQ
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
3HUKLWXQJDQ 1LODL ,QWHQVLWDV .RQWULEXVL 3HUKLWXQJDQ 1LODL .RHILVLHQ .RQWULEXVL
.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL 7HNQRORJL 7HFKQRORJ\ &RQWULEXWLRQ &RHIILFLHQW
3HUKLWXQJDQ QLODL LQWHQVLWDV NRQWULEXVL 7&&
NRPSRQHQWHNQRORJLGLGDSDWGDULSHQLODLDQ 1LODL7&&GDSDWGLKLWXQJGHQJDQSHUVDPDDQ
UHVSRQGHQ SDNDU WHUKDGDS WLQJNDW 7¢Wï+¢Kï,¢Lï2¢R
NH S H Q W L Q J D Q NR P S R Q H Q W H N Q R O R J L .HWHUDQJDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH $QDO\WLFDO +LHUDUFK\ 7&& WHFKQRORJ\FRQWULEXWLRQFRHIILFLHQW
3URFHVV$+3,QVWUXPHQW\DQJGLJXQDNDQ 7 QLODLNRQWULEXVLWHFKQRZDUH
XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ LQIRUPDVL WLQJNDW ¢W QLODLLQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVLWHFKQRZDUH
NHSHQWLQJDQ NRPSRQHQ WHNQRORJL PHODOXL + QLODLNRQWULEXVLKXPDQZDUH
NXHVLRQHUGDQZDZDQFDUD ¢K QLODLLQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVLKXPDQZDUH
, QLODLNRQWULEXVLLQIRZDUH
¢L QLODLLQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVLLQIRZDUH
2 QLODLNRQWULEXVLRUJDZDUH
¢R QLODLLQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVLRUJDZDUH
6NHPD SHQLODLDQ 7&& PHQXUXW 1D]DUXGGLQ
GDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD7DEHO
7DEHO
6NDOD3HQLODLDQ7&&
1LODL7&& .ODVLILNDVL
7&& 6DQJDWUHQGDK
7&& 5HQGDK
7&& &XNXS
7&& %DLN
7&& 6DQJDWEDLN
7&& .HFDQJJLKDQPRGHUQPHQFDSDLVWDWHRIWKHDUW
6XPEHU1D]DUXGGLQ
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
7DEHO
.RPSRQHQ7HFKQRZDUH37.$/2*
$OXUNHUMD
1R 3HUOHQJNDSDQ 6LVWHP,QIRUPDVL $ODWPHVLQ ,QIUDVWUXNWXUILVLN
RSHUDVLRQDO
3URVHV6KLSSLQJ .RPSXWHU $SOLNDVL&2,16 .DQWRU3XVDW
&RQWUDFW .DONXODWRU =LPEUD *RQGDQJGLD
3ULQWHU 6$3 7HUPLQDOEDUDQJ
3URVHV .RPSXWHU $SOLNDVL&2,16 )RUNOLIW 7HUPLQDOEDUDQJ
6WXIILQJ6WULSSLQJ .DONXODWRU =LPEUD 5HDFKVWHDNHUV VXQJDL/DJRD
3ULQWHU 6$3 .RQWDLQHU
*36
7UXN*36
3URVHV/LIWRQ/LIW .RPSXWHU $SOLNDVL&2,16 )RUNOLIW 7HUPLQDOEDUDQJ
RII .DONXODWRU =LPEUD 5HDFKVWHDNHUV 5HONHUHWDDSL
3ULQWHU 6$3 .RQWDLQHU
*36
7UXN*36
3URVHV'HOLYHU\ .RPSXWHU $SOLNDVL&2,16 .HUHWDDSL 7HUPLQDOEDUDQJ
.DONXODWRU =LPEUD EDUDQJ 5HONHUHWDDSL
3ULQWHU 6$3 .RQWDLQHU
*36
7UXN*36
3URVHV,QYRLFLQJ .RPSXWHU $SOLNDVL&2,16 .DQWRU3XVDW
.DONXODWRU =LPEUD *RQGDQJGLD
3ULQWHU 6$3 7HUPLQDOEDUDQJ
VXQJDL/DJRD
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
.RPSRQHQ+XPDQZDUH .RPSRQHQ2UJDZDUH
.RPSRQHQ KXPDQZDUHSDGD GLYLVLDQJNXWDQ .RPSRQHQRUJDZDUHPHOLSXWLSUDNWHNSUDNWHN
NRQWDLQHUPHOLSXWLVWDI SHODNVDQD6XSHUYLVRU PDQDMHPHQ GDODP PHQJHOROD NRPSRQHQ
0DQDMHUGDQ9LFH3UHVLGHQW93 WHNQRORJLVHSHUWLNHELMDNDQPDQDMHPHQGDODP
PHPIDVLOLWDVL NHEXWXKDQ SURVHV WUDQIRUPDVL
.RPSRQHQ,QIRZDUH DQJNXWDQ NRQWDLQHU \DQJ EHUNRQWULEXVL SDGD
.RPSRQHQ LQIRZDUH PHOLSXWL GRNXPHQ FDSDLDQWXMXDQSHUXVDKDDQ
SHUXVDKDDQ WHUNDLW SURVHGXU DWXUDQ \DQJ
GLPDQIDDWNDQ ROHK KXPDQZDUH GDODP SURVHV
WUDQVIRUPDVLDQJNXWDQNRQWDLQHU
7DEHO
1LODL%DWDV$WDVGDQ%DWDV%DZDK.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
%DWDV7LQJNDW
.HFDQJJLKDQ
.RPSRQHQ
%DWDVEDZDK %DWDVDWDV .HWHUDQJDQ7HNQLV
7HNQRORJL
ORZHUOLPLW XSSHUOLPLW
// 8/
7H F K Q R Z DUH // 3URVHV ERRNLQJ NRQWDLQHU PDVLK GLODNXNDQVHFDUD
PDQXDO3HODQJJDQPDVL KKDUXVPHODNXNDQDQWULDQGL
ORNHWNDORJSHUKLWXQJDQELD\DOD\DQDQPDVLKGLKLWXQJ
PDQXDOROHKEDJLDQ 0DUNHWLQJ
8/ 3URVHV SHPEXDWDQ GRNXPHQ VKLSSLQJ NRQWUDN
GRNXPHQERQJNDUPXDW GRNXPHQERQJNDWPXDWNH
NHUHWD DSL VXGDK PHPDQIDDWNDQ NRPSXWHU \DQJ GL
OHQJNDSL DSOLNDVL &2,16 1DPXQ DSOLNDVL &2,16
PDVLKEHOXPWHULQWHJUDVL
+XP DQ Z DUH // 6HFDUD XPXP 6WDI SHODNVDQD KDQ\D PDPSX
PHQJJXQDNDQ DODW \DQJ WHODK GLVHGLDNDQ ROHK
SHUXVDKDDQ VHSHUWL SHPDQIDDWDQ NRPSXWHU
SHQJJXQDDQ DODW ERQJNDU PXDW 8QWXN PHODNXND Q
NHJLDWDQ RSHUDVLRQDO 6'0 PDPSX PHODNXNDQ
SHNHUMDDQVHVXDLDUDKDQDWDVDQ
8/ 6HEDJLDQ 6'0 PDPSX PHQJHPEDQJNDQ
DODWWRROV \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ 6HEDJDL FRQWRK DSOLNDVL
&2,16\DQJGLPDQIDDWNDQROHK6'037.$/2*
VHLULQJ VHMDODQ EHEHUDSD 6'0 PDPSX PHQJDQDOLVLV
NHNXUDQJDQ VLVWHP WHUVHEXW GDQ PHQFRED XQWXN
PHODNXNDQSHUEDLNDQGDQPHQFREDPHODNXNDQLQRYDVL
GHQJDQEDQWXDQSLKDNNHWLJD
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
7DEHOVDPEXQJDQ
1LODL%DWDV$WDVGDQ%DWDV%DZDK.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
%DWDV7LQJNDW
.HFDQJJLKDQ
.RPSRQHQ
%DWDVEDZDK %DWDVDWDV .HWHUDQJDQ7HNQLV
7HNQRORJL
ORZHUOLPLW XSSHUOLPLW
// 8/
2 UJ DZ DUH // 37 .$/2* WHODK PHPSXQ\DL VLVWHP
PDQDMHPHQ PXWX \DQJ EDNX 6HUWLILNDW ,62
\DQJ GLGDSDWNDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD
37 .$/2*WHODK PHPHQXKL SHUV\DUDWDQGRNXPHQ
GDQUHNDPDQZDMLEGDODPNODXVXO,62
8/ 0DPSX PHPEDQJXQ MDULQJDQ GHQJDQ PLWUD
VWUDWHJLV GDQ WHODK PHODNXNDQ EHUEDJDL
SHQJHPEDQJDQVDUDQDGDQSUDVDQDGHQJDQPHPEXND
EHEHUDSD DUHD EDUXWHUPLQDO EDUDQJ EDUX VHEDJDL
EHQWXNXSD\DXQWXNSHUOXDVDQSDQJVDSDVDU
7DEHO
3HQHQWXDQ1LODL6WDWHRI WKH$UW627$.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
1R .RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL 6NRUWRWDO
7HFKQRZDUH
+XPDQZDUH
,QIRZDUH
2UJDZDUH
1LODL 627$ NRPSRQHQ WHFKQRZDUH VHEHVDU 1LODL 627$ KXPDQZDU H DGDODK
PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD NRQGLVL WHFKQRZDUH PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD NHPDPSXDQ VXPEHU
\DQJPHOLSXWLIDVLOLWDVILVLNVHSHUWLNHWHUVHGLDDQ GD\D PDQXVLD \DQJ WHUOLEDW GDODP SURVHV
WHUPLQDO EDUDQJ IDVLOLWDV RXWOHW OD\DQDQ RSHUDVLRQDODQJNXWDQNRQWDLQHUKDQ\DPDPSX
SHUOHQJNDSDQ NDQWRU SURVHV RSHUDVL PHPHQXKL FDSDLDQ NLQHUMD RSHUDVL
SHUOHQJNDSDQ ERQJNDU PXDW SHUDODWDQ .HPDPSXDQ VXPEHU GD\D PDQXVLD GDUL VHJL
SHQXQMDQJ VHUWD SHUDODWDQ NHVHODPDWDQ NHUMD NUHDWLILWDVNHUMDVDPDGDQ NHPDPSXDQGDODP
FXNXS PHPDGDL 1DPXQ NHWHUEDWDVDQ DUHD PHPHOLKDUD IDVLOLWDV ILVLN SDGD SURVHV
SDUNLU EDJL SHODQJJDQ NXUDQJ PHPDGDL GL RSHUDVLRQDOFXNXSEDLN
WHUPLQDO EDUDQJ VXQJDL ODJRD VHKLQJJD
EHUSRWHQVL PHQJDQJJX SURVHV RSHUDVLRQDO 1LODL 627$ LQIRZDUH PHUXSDNDQ QLODL 627$
OD\DQDQ DQJNXWDQ NRQWDLQHU 3HPDQIDDWDQ WHUWLQJJLGLDQWDUDNRPSRQHQWHNQRORJLODLQQ\D
WHFKQRZDUH SDGD SURVHV VKLSSLQJ FRQWUDFW VXGDK \DLWX VHEHVDU KDO LQL PHQXQMXNNDQ
PHPDQIDDWNDQNRPSXWHU\DQJGLOHQJNDSLROHK E D K Z D 3 7 . $ / 2 * W H O D K P D P S X
VLVWHP LQIRUPDVL &RQWDLQHU ,QWHUJUDWLRQ 6\VWHP PHQ\HGLDNDQ IDVLOLWDV LQIRUPDVL RQOLQH
&2,16 QDPXQ VLVWHP LQIRUPDVL \DQJ PHQJHQDLRUJDQLVDVL\DQJGDSDWGLDNVHVROHK
GLJXQDNDQ PDVLK EHOXP WHULQWHJUDVL .RQGLVL LQWHUQDO PDXSXQ HNVWHUQDO SHUXVDKDDQ 37
WHFKQRZDUH SDGD SURVHV WUDQVIRUPDVL OD\DQDQ .$/2* WHODK PHODNXNDQ SHQJHORODDQ LOPX
DQJNXWDQ NRQWDLQHU EHOXP GLGXNXQJ ROHK SHQJHWDKXDQVHFDUDWHUVWUXNWXUPHODOXL3URMHFW
WHNQRORJLWHUNLQLVHSHUWLWHNQRORJL5),'\DQJ .QRZOHGJH 0DQDJHPHQW 6HOXUXK SHQJHWDKXDQ
PDPSX PHPEDQWX SHUXVDKDDQ PHQXMX NHWHUDPSLODQGDQSHQJDODPDQNDU\DZDQ\DQJ
NHXQJJXODQ\DQJNRPSHWLWLI PHQMDGLVXPEHULQIRUPDVLGDSDWGLDNVHVROHK
VHOXUXK NDU\DZDQ .HWHUVHGLDDQ LQIRUPDVL
KLQJJD XSGDWLQJ LQIRUPDVL WHODK GLODNXNDQ
GHQJDQEDLNROHK37.$/2*
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
7DEHO
3HUKLWXQJDQ1LODL627$NRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL
3HUKLWXQJDQ1LODL.RQWULEXVL7HNQRORJL
7DEHO
+DVLO3HUKLWXQJDQ1LODL.RQWULEXVL7HNQRORJL
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
7DEHO
+DVLO3HUKLWXQJDQ1LODL,QWHQVLWDV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL 1LODLLQWHQVLWDVNRQWULEXVL
7HFKQRZDUH
+XPDQZDUH
,QIRZDUH
2UJDZDUH
&RQVLVWHQF\5DWLR&5
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
*DPEDU
'LDJUDP1LODL.RQWULEXVLGDQ,QWHQVLWDV.RQWULEXVL7+,2
'LDJUDP QLODL NRQWULEXVL GDQ LQWHQVLWDV VWDWXV WLQJNDWDQ WHNQRORJL 37 .$/2*
NRQWULEXVL 7 + , 2 SDGD *DPEDU PHQFDSDL NODVLILNDVL ´&XNXSµ 37 .$/2*
PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD NRPSRQHQ WHNQRORJL SHUOXPHODNXNDQSHQLQJNDWDQQLODL7&&NHQLODL
\DQJPHPLOLNLQLODLNRQWULEXVLWHUHQGDKKDUXV \DQJ OHELK WLQJJL DJDU 37 .$/2* PDPSX
PHQMDGL SHUKDWLDQ XQWXN GLWLQJNDWNDQ ROHK EHUVDLQJ GHQJDQ MDVD WUDQVSRUWDVL EDUDQJ
RE\HN SHQHOLWLDQ VHEDOLNQ\D NRPSRQHQ ODLQQ\D 1LODL NRHILVLHQ NRQWULEXVL WHNQRORJL
WHNQRORJL \DQJ PHPLOLNL QLODL LQWHQVLWDV 37.$/2*GLSHQJDUXKLROHKQLODLNRQWULEXVL
WHUWLQJJL PHUXSDNDQ NRPSRQHQ WHNQRORJL WHNQRORJL SDGD PDVLQJPDVLQJ NRPSRQHQ
\DQJ KDUXV PHQMDGL SHUKDWLDQ PDQDMHPHQ WHNQRORJL 37 .$/2* SHUOX PHODNXNDQ
XQWXNGLNHPEDQJNDQ UHYLX WHUKDGDS EDWDV EDZDK NHFDQJJLKDQ
WHNQRORJL6HODLQLWXSHQLQJNDWDQSDGD EDWDV
3HUKLWXQJDQ7&& DWDVNHFDQJJLKDQWHNQRORJLGDQQLODLVWDWHRI WKH
+DVLO SHUKLWXQJDQ QLODL NRHILVLHQ NRQWULEXVL DUW MXJD SHUOX GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHQLQJNDWNDQ
WHNQRORJLDWDX7HFKQRORJ\&RQWULEXWLRQ&RHIILFLHQW QLODL NRQWULEXVL NRPSRQHQ WHNQRORJL
7 & & 3 7 . $ / 2 * S D G D 7LQJJLQ\D QLODL NRQWULEXVL WHNQRORJL DNDQ
7DEHO DGDODK 0HUXMXN SDGD 7DEHO EHUSHQJDUXKSDGDQLODL7&&
EDKZD VHODQJ QLODL 7&& GDSDW
GLNDWHJRULNDQGDODPSHQLODLDQNXDOLWDWLI EDKZD
7DEHO
+DVLO3HUKLWXQJDQ7&&
.RPSRQHQ 1LODL,QWHQVLWDV A 7&&
1LODL.RQWULEXVL
7HNQRORJL .RQWULEXVL
7HFKQRZDUH
+XPDQZDUH
,QIRZDUH
2UJDZDUH
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
3ULRULWDVSHQJHPEDQJDQNRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL 3H Q H Q W X D Q N U L W H U L D G D Q V X E N U L W H U L D
3H Q H Q W X D Q S U L R U L W D V S H Q J H P E D Q J D Q EHUGDVDUNDQUHOHYDQVLQ\DVHVXDLGHQJDQWXMXDQ
NRPSRQHQ WHNQRORJL GLWHQWXNDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ S H Q H Q W X D Q S U L R U L W D V S H Q J H P E D Q J D Q
WXMXDQ NULWHULD GDQ VXE NULWHULD \DQJ GLVXVXQ NRPSRQHQWHNQRORJL
GDODPVWUXNWXUKLUDUNL$+3SDGD*DPEDU
3ULRULWDV3HQJHPEDQJDQ.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJL
GL37.HUHWD$SL/RJLVWLN
*DPEDU
6WUXNWXU+LUDUNL3HQHQWXDQ3ULRULWDV3HQJHPEDQJDQ7+,2
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
-XUQDO0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_
<DQWKL%DVLWKGDQ0XQDQGDU$QDOLVLV.RQWULEXVL.RPSRQHQ7HNQRORJLSDGD3HUXVDKDDQ-DVD.HUHWD$SL%DUDQJGHQJDQ3HQGHNDWDQ0RGHO
7HNQRPHWULN
-XUQDO
0DQDMHPHQ7HNQRORJL
9RO_1R_