Dohuk Polytechniqe University

Collage of engineering
Petrochemical dept.

Exp:2
Unit Filtration
operation
Experiment

Prepared by :Helen
21/May/2020
Mohammad

Supervised by: Rafie Mohammed

Contents
Objective and background..............................................................................................................2
Equipment and apparatus................................................................................................................3
Procedure:.......................................................................................................................................3
Calculation:....................................................................................................................................4
Graph accompanying data and results...........................................................................................8
Conclusion....................................................................................................................................10

1
 Filtration experiment
Experiment no .2

Objective and background

Solid slurries are frequently encountered in chemical manufacturing

operations. Filtration is a physical separation process that is used to
isolate the solids as a "cake" from the liquid filtrate. The plate-and-
frame filter is a common unit operation. It is inherently unsteady state
operation. This experiment has been established to investigate the
relationships existing between the rate of flow, pressure, and the
thickness of the filter cake. Once these relationships are determined
for a particular filter press, the size of the ancillary equipment (1.e.
pumps and piping) can be determined. The apparatus in our laboratory
can be operated in two modes, constant inlet pressure to the filter, or
constant filtrate flow rate from the filter. Students will investigate
both modes of operation experimentally. Finally, the knowledge
gained will be used to design a plate-and-frame filter press operation.

2
Equipment and apparatus
1. Mortar and Pestle
2. brush
3. sieve series
4. sieve shaker
5. chalk
6. analytical balance

Procedure:
1-Chalk was initially pulverized using mortar and pestle then screened
through a 25 mesh screen. An ample amount of pulverized chalk was
weighed in the preparation of a 5% by weight slurry.
2-Five gallons of distilled water was first poured in the agitation tank
then the pulverized chalk is gradually added and mixed.
3- After preparation of the mixture, the plate and frame set-up of the
filtration apparatus is prepared by covering the plates with filter sheet
and arranging them in the filter press. Such filter plates were weighed
beforehand including their corresponding filter sheets. The filter
plates are inserted in such a way that their eyelets alternately form the
inlet and outlet channels.
4- After the sheets are inserted in the filtration apparatus, a spindle is
turned to tighten the pack of filter plates. The agitator is turned on to
mix the pulverized chalk and water.
5- The valves are then opened to allow the slurry to pass through the
filter plates. Filtered water is collected in the end with their volumes
being measured. Every 200 mL of filtrate collected, time is recorded.
After filtration, the filter sheets and plates are removed. Their weights
are recorded. The filter sheets and plates are cleaned afterwards using
running water.

3
Calculation:

4
5
 Filtration Time, Rate of filtration Time/filtrate
volume ,ml sec L/sec volume sec/L

150 16.06 0.0093 107.0666

350 6.12 0.0572 17.4857
550 4.74 0.1160 8.6181
750 4.75 0.1579 6.3333
950 5.83 0.1629 6.1368
1150 5.2 0.2211 4.5217
1350 5.96 0.2265 4.4148
1550 5.73 0.2705 3.6967
1750 10.01 0.1748 5.72
1950 7.63 0.2556 3.9128
2150 7.99 0.2690 3.7162
2350 10.86 0.2164 4.6212
2550 10.49 0.2431 4.1137
2750 9.27 0.2966 3.3709
2950 11.95 0.2468 4.0508
3150 10.95 0.2876 3.4762
3350 12.83 0.2611 3.8298
3550 14.21 0.2498 4.0028
3750 15.6 0.2403 4.16
3950 23.96 0.1648 6.0658
4150 23.62 0.1756 5.6915
4350 23.25 0.1870 5.3448
4550 26.36 0.1726 5.7934
4750 27.52 0.1726 5.7936
4950 30.26 0.1635 6.1131

6
 5150 34.02 0.1513 6.6058
5350 36.32 0.1473 6.7887
5550 39.02 0.1422 7.1964
5750 36.94 0.1556 6.4243
5950 30.88 0.1927 5.1899
6150 25.34Accumulative
0.2427
Time 4.1203
6350 34.9 sec 0.1819 5.4960
6550 32.95 0.1987 5.0305
6750 43.05 16.060.1568 6.3777
6950 41.73 22.180.1665 6.0043
7150 50.06 26.920.1428 7.0014
31.67
7350 48.43 0.1517 6.5891
37.5
7550 78.54 42.7
0.09613 10.4026
48.66
7750 374.6 0.0206 48.3355
54.39
7950 761.5 64.40.0104 95.7862
72.03
80.02
90.88
101.37
110.64
122.59
133.54
146.37
160.58
176.18
200.14
223.76
247.01
273.37
300.89
331.15
365.17
401.49
440.51
477.45
508.33
533.67
568.57
601.52
644.57
686.3
736.36
784.79
863.33
7
1237.93
1999.43
Graph accompanying data and results

8
 Filtrate Volume vs. Time
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
0
0
0
15

95
55

13

21
25

37

45
49
53

61

73
77
17

29
33

41

57

65
69
Fig.1 Filtrate Volume vs. Time

Plate and area Mass of plate Mass of plate and Mass of

Frame & frame + frame cake
cake
1–2 49 in2 807.28 g 482.26 g 325.02 g

3–4 49 in2 801.02 g 471.16 g 329.86 g

5-6 49 in2 827.91 g 479.28 g 348.63 g

7-8 49 in2 830.42 g 481.74 g 348.68 g

9 - 10 49 in2 2166.17 g 1906.57 g 259.6 g

9
 Time/filtration Volume vs. Filtration Volume
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
7 2 4 1 2 2 1 5 3 6 9 9 1 9 2 2 3 6 59 3 4
7 .0 8.6 6.1 4.4 5.7 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.1 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.7 6.4 4.1 5.0 6 . 48 .
1 0

Fig.2 Time/filtrate volume vs. Filtrate Volume

`

10
 Rate of filtration vs.Time
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 1 1 2 16 23 1 7 2 7 24 25 2 6 2 4 18 17 1 6 1 5 16 24 2 7 5
0. 0.1 0.1 0.0
2
0 . 0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0 . 0. 0.

Fig.3 Rate of filtration vs. Time

Conclusion
During our experiment we conclude

As the time of filtration increases the rate of filtration gradually decreases. the increased
in the concentration of the slurry will lead to a decrease in the volumetric flow rate. On
the other hand, the resistance of the filtrate to flow will increase and the rate of filtration
decreases when the thickness of the cake in each plate and frames increases. There will
be a certain period of time where the plate and frame reaches its maximum capacity of
filtration then cakes collected attain its maximum concentration. At this point of time, the
filtration exists at a very low rate of filtration. As the concentration of cake increased, the
efficiency of the filtration process will reduce.

11