Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure for

Mongu Town in Western Province

Construction Method and Plan

Compilation：Gao Mingze

Review：Zhou Liangliang

Date：July 2020

Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure for Mongu Town in

Western Province
 Table of Contents
1、Preparation Basis, Principles and Purpose..........................................................1
1.1 Compilation Basis.............................................................................................1
1.2 Principle and purpose of Compilation............................................................1
2、Project Overview....................................................................................................3
2.1 Project Introduction...........................................................................................3
2.2 Terrain, Landform and Meteorology.................................................................3
2.3 Roads along the route........................................................................................4
2.4 Status of Water, electricity and communication status......................................4
2.5 Supply of construction materials.......................................................................5
2.6 Analysis of Main Challenges.........................................................................6
3、Overall Project Deployment..................................................................................7
3.1 Project site layout..............................................................................................7
3.2 Project Personnel organization........................................................................7
3.3 Division of construction area and construction teams.......................................7
3.4 Allocation of main construction resources........................................................9
4、Construction Technology Organization Measures............................................13
4.1 Familiar Technical Specifications and Drawings Review....................13
4.2 Engineering survey..........................................................................................13
4.3 Establishment of site laboratory......................................................................15
4.4 Establish Archive Management Measures..............................................18
5、Construction Plan, Period and Guarantee Measures................................19
5.1 Project duration...............................................................................................19
5.2 Principles for preparation of construction plans..............................................19
5.3 Construction plan............................................................................................20
5.4 Construction period guarantee measures.........................................................21
5.5 Organizational assurance measures.................................................................22
5.6 Resource guarantee..........................................................................................23
5.7 Management measures....................................................................................23
6、Main Construction Method.................................................................................25
 6.1 Water intake construction................................................................................25
6.2 Construction of water supply and sewage network.........................................27
6.3 Civil engineering.............................................................................................32
6.4 Reservoir construction.....................................................................................63
6.5 Electro-mechanical engineering......................................................................68
6.6 Borehole drilling..............................................................................................73
7、Quality Assurance Measures...............................................................................77
7.1 Quality policy, objectives and standards..................................................77
7.2 Establish and improve the quality assurance system.......................................77
7.3 Organizational structure of quality management and its main
responsibilities....................................................................................................78
7.4 Quality management rules and regulations.....................................................82
7.5 Quality control assurance measures..............................................................84
7.6 Carry out technical research and innovation activities....................................87
8、Safety and Occupational Health.........................................................................88
8.1 Safety management.........................................................................................88
8.2 Occupational health and public health management.......................................97
9、Environmental Protection Measures..................................................................99
9.1 Environmental protection, water and soil conservation goals.........................99
9.2 Environmental protection, water and soil conservation control
measures for temporal facilities.....................................................................100
9.3 Education and Institution Guarantee Measures....................................103
 1、Preparation Basis, Principles and Purpose

1.1 Compilation Basis

(1)Bidding documents for construction and construction drawing design of

Mongu Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Zambia;
(2) Construction Design and Description of Mango Water Supply and Sanitation
Project in Zambia;
(3) "WWSC Lot 1 Volume 3 Specifications Final";
(4) International standards (ISO);
(5) British Standard (BS);
(6) South African Standard (SABS);
(7) European Standard (EN);
(8) German standard (DIA);
(9) American Standard (AWWA);
(10) International Electrical Standard (IEC);
(11) Meet the requirements of the relevant specifications in Zambia.

1.2 Principle and purpose of Compilation

(1) To meet the requirements of the tender documents, to ensure project quality,
safety, schedule, environmental objectives as a starting point, the spirit of excellent
quality, efficient, reasonable and economic principles;
(2) Based on the principle of ensuring project quality, arrange a professional
construction team, equipped with advanced machinery and equipment, and adopt
advanced construction methods;
(3) According to the local natural conditions and project characteristics,
formulate various work organization plans and strictly implement various operating
rules in accordance with the principle of ensuring safe production;
(4) On the premise of ensuring the target of the total construction period and the
phased construction period and appropriately advancing in advance, comprehensively

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analyze all aspects of the impact and control factors, scientifically organize and
rationally allocate construction forces, and use technical methods for timely control
and optimization;
(5) General layout and organization of construction based on the principle of
civilized construction and environmental protection;
(6) Strengthen construction management, organize construction in blocks and
sections, comprehensively coordinate management, ensure all aspects of security,
adopt advanced construction techniques, and reduce project costs.
(7) Targets for standard chemical sites: Reasonable site layout, orderly
construction organization, neat material stacking, orderly parking of equipment, eye-
catching signs, eye-catching environment, clean and clean environment,
standardization of construction site and standardization of construction management,
and strive to reach standard chemical site standards.
(8) Occupational health and safety objectives: to ensure the safety management
standards on the construction site, complete wearing of labor protection equipment;
the passing rate of on-the-job medical examination, the passing rate of harmful
workplace inspection; reduce occupational hazards and prevent occupational diseases.
(9) Quality objectives: meet the standards and specifications stipulated in the
external contract, as well as the design specifications approved by the owner or the
supervision engineer; and meet the relevant mandatory standards and specifications in
Zambia and China; pass and complete the acceptance once.
(10) Duration target: 18 months;
(11) Safety objectives:
a. The mortality rate of project employees' safety production responsibility
accidents is 0;
b. The serious injury rate of the project safety production responsibility accident
is 0;
c. No major safety responsibility accident occurred in the project;
d. No major traffic responsibility accidents occurred in the project;
e. No major fire liability accident occurred in the project;
f. No major environmental responsibility accidents occurred in the project.

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 2、Project Overview

2.1 Project Introduction

(1) Project name: Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure for Mongu Town in
Western Province of Zambia;
(2) Client unit: Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental
Protection of Zambia;
(3) Consultant unit: Seureca East Africa LTD;
(4) Design unit: Seureca East Africa LTD;
(5) General contractor: AVIC International Project Engineering Co., LTD.;
(6) Source of project funds: African Development Bank;
(7) Commencement and completion date: to be determined. Among them, the
rainy season is from December 1 to March 31 every year, and construction will be
affected to a certain extent;
(8) Project contents: water supply network (from Zambezi River to water
treatment plant, water treatment plant to water tower; water tower to urban user
pipeline, KASIMA water plant to water tower, water tower to urban user pipeline),
drainage pipe net (from the town to the sewage treatment plant), water treatment
plants and sewage treatment plants and corresponding sets of outbuildings (including
a treatment plant located equipment installation, office, toilet, guard room
construction, etc.), water tower and ground storage tanks, drilling , Water pump and
other projects, including all excavation and filling, foundation, concrete cushion,
concrete structure, masonry engineering, decoration engineering, hydropower
installation engineering, wire, piping, pipe fittings, various valves, wells, steel
structure, water tank, etc.

2.2 Terrain, Landform and Meteorology

(1) Geographic location and landform

This project is located in Mango City, the capital of the western province of

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Zambia, about 600 kilometers from Lusaka and a 7-hour drive. Located on the banks
of the Zambezi River, adjacent to Angola in the west. The terrain in the project site is
relatively flat, and the ground elevation is between 1000m and 1100m. The main soil
in the site area is sandy soil, and no fault fracture zone is seen. There is no geological
structure passing through the site and its surroundings. The geological structure is
relatively simple. According to the site survey, there is no adverse geological effects
such as landslides, karst collapse, dangerous rocks, collapse and debris flow in and
around the construction area.
(2) Meteorology
Western provinces have a tropical grassland climate with an average annual
temperature of 21°C. May to August is the dry and cool season, the temperature is 15
to 27 ℃, September to November is the dry and hot season, the temperature is 13 to
30 ℃, December to April is the rainy season. The annual rainfall is 1200 mm in the
north and 800 mm in the south, decreasing from north to south.

2.3 Roads along the route

This project is located around the urban area of Mongu and the traffic is mainly
road transport. The M9 and M10 roads connect Mongu City. It is very convenient to
go from the campsite to the construction site, with a maximum distance of about
30KM. Our department has inspected the roads in the construction area during the
construction preparation period, and hardened the concrete in the field and the main
roads in the living area. The transportation is convenient , and all the materials
required for the project can be transported to the construction site and camp by road.

2.4 Status of Water, electricity and communication status

(1) Water
The groundwater source near the project is abundant, and the water quality is
good, without corrosive substances. According to local experience, the method of well
drilling is used to draw water. The depth of the well drilling is 60-80m. The
groundwater can be used directly for engineering construction, but it cannot be
directly consumed. The drinking water of the Ministry's personnel is barreled water
purchased from Mongu City.

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 (2) Electricity
There are telecommunication services and power supply along this project. Our
department set up a power distribution room in the camp, and contacted ZESCO
(local power supply bureau) to install one 800KVA transformer, and equipped with a
120KW generator set for backup. According to the needs of the construction site, 2
sets of 120KW mobile generator sets and several small generators are used for the
construction electricity to ensure the smooth progress of the construction.
(3) Communication and network
Communication is more convenient, there is basically a mobile phone signal
along the line , there is a wireless network signal near the project, no need to install
satellite phones. Communication is very convenient, you can handle MTN or AIRTEL
network, but the network speed is slow, which has a certain impact on indoor office.

2.5 Supply of construction materials

(1) Stone material: the stone material required for the concrete structure can be
produced and purchased from the Mangango stone factory of the Mongu municipal
project.
(2) Cement: Procurement from Larsage Cement Plant in Lusaka, which will be
delivered directly to the project camp.
(3) Hardware, small materials, small machines and tools: Due to the slow
development of Mongu City, the local hardware stores have few and relatively
backward materials. A small part of the materials required for construction can be
purchased from the local area, and most of them need to be purchased and transported
from Lusaka to Mongu camp.
(4) Equipment, pipes and related products: water supply pipes ductile iron pipe,
HDPE pipe and PVC pipes, sewer pipes for PVC pipe, ductile iron pipes PVC pipes
and HDPE pipes plan will be bought from China,South Africa or Zambia, the
professional water treatment equipment in the water treatment plant and sewage
treatment plant is planned to be purchased from China, and the steel structure water
tower is planned to be purchased from China or South Africa.
(5) Diesel and gasoline: purchased from Lusaka and transported directly to the
Mongu camp by the manufacturer.

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 (6) Steel Reinforcement: The reinforcing steel used in the construction of this
project is directly purchased and transported from Lusaka to Mongu camp.
(7) Timber: The local wood is very rich, you can contact the local wood factory
to purchase at any time.

2.6 Analysis of Main Challenges

(1) The project construction contents and more, the project includes earth
excavation, backfill earthwork, foundation treatment, water supply pipeline laying,
sewage pipes laying, construction of water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants,
drilling, water tower construction, Mechanical and electrical engineering, etc.,
involving complicated content.
(2) Since the construction site is located in the urban area of Mongu, the pipeline
is laid along the existing road layout, the project demolition work is heavy, and
special attention should be paid to prevent environmental pollution and damage in the
construction area of the project. Construction noise, construction waste gas, and
construction dust shall be controlled within the urban environmental protection
requirements.
(3) The engineering tasks are scattered. After the construction team enters the
field, first of all, it is necessary to strengthen the organization of the team and the
monitoring of the construction management project. Second, it is necessary to do a
practical and feasible construction organization design, staged construction, and
parallel construction.
(4) The rainy season is long and the rainfall is heavy. Before the main works
excavate the earthwork, make the soil drainage ditch on both sides to avoid the
surface water flowing into the foundation pit. Avoid soaking or washing the base
trough with rain.
(5) The construction period of the project is 18 months, but after two rainy
seasons, the construction period of the water treatment plant and sewage treatment
plant is only 8 months, and the construction of the water rising pipeline and water
intake point can only be placed from September to November, the construction period
was tight.
(6) Long material procurement cycle: The material consumption of this project is

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large, and most of them need to be imported from domestic or South Africa. It is
difficult to carry out large-scale construction before the material arrives, and it is
currently in the epidemic period. Some materials and equipment procurement will be
subject to certain influences.

3、Overall Project Deployment

According to factors such as the project amount, construction conditions,

engineering characteristics, geological conditions and other factors, the project
department organization, construction section division and temporary project layout
are as follows:

3.1 Project site layout

The project occupies a total area of about 10000 m2. The house is a one-story
brick building structure, which is divided into an office area, a living area, a parking
lot, and an employee training area. There are dormitory, bath room, toilet, drying area,
etc. in the living area ; The domestic water is taken from groundwater wells, the
drinking water is purchased from the Mongu, and the electricity is used to supply
electricity to Mongu municipal government. There is a guard room and monitoring
equipment at the entrance of the campsite, and there are armed police and security
guards on duty 24 hours a day.

3.2 Project Personnel organization

The organizational framework of the project department is composed of people

with experience in project management in Zambia. The project team is set up. The
engineering department, contract department, business department, laboratory, finance
department, safety department, mechanical materials department and other related
departments are set up. Controlled at around 23 people.

3.3 Division of construction area and construction teams

This project mobilizes personnel with high management quality and rich

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overseas construction experience to enter the construction site. This contract section is
divided into 6 teams and groups, the specific division of labor is as follows:

Table 3.1 Construction teams and corresponding work tasks

Main construction
No. Group Main input personnel
content
There were 6
Water supply
Excavation, installation Chinese
and sewage
and backfill of water construction
1 pipeline
supply and sewage workers and
construction
pipeline trenches 40 local
team
workers.
8 Chinese
Water treatment plant,
construction
Civil sewage treatment plant
workers and
2 construction and supporting offices,
50 local
team toilets, guard rooms,
workers were
etc.
employed.
Installation of 2 Chinese
Electrical professional equipment construction
installation and for treatment plant, pre- 2 Chinese workers and
3 management
construction embedded hydropower, 10 local
team electrical installation, personnel, 3 workers were
etc. technical employed.
personnel 1 Chinese
Construction of construction
Inspection well
inspection wells worker and 30
4 construction
corresponding to local workers
team
pipelines were
employed.
1 Chinese
construction
Functional test
Functional test of worker and 5
5 construction
pressure pipeline local workers
team
were
employed.
Water tower High-level water tower 2 Chinese
6
installation and steel structure construction

8
 workers and
drilling assembly, welding,
10 local
construction water tank installation,
workers were
team drilling
employed.
This project has recruited 1 local engineering senior management, 1 safety senior
management, 1 laboratory senior management, and plans to recruit 1 local HR, 5
construction team leaders, 5 special equipment operators, 10 drivers, It is planned to
recruit 50 local skilled workers and 80 local general workers, for a total of 154.
Regularly carry out measurement training, electric welding training, carpentry
training, pipeline installation training, etc. to improve the skills of local workers. At
the same time, malaria prevention, HIV prevention, COVID-19 prevention and other
health training were carried out, and the physical and mental health of local
employees was emphasized.

3.4 Allocation of main construction resources

3.4.1 Staffing situation

In order to rationally use and effectively allocate local human resources, improve
the management level of the project, and explore an effective way for the localized
management of the project, the project department adopts the principle of less but
precise staffing, versatility, and management positions to implement A staffing plan in
which Chinese personnel are combined with local personnel, and production positions
are dominated by local personnel. Drivers, mechanical operators, and general workers
are mainly local workers, recruiting locally. The average monthly number of
employees is about 100. According to the progress of the project, the corresponding
personnel can be increased or decreased at any time. The main management personnel
of the project department are as follows:
Table 3.2 Configuration table of main managers in the project Department
Number of Responsibilities
No. department Job title Remarks
people in this project
Project Responsible for
project
1 Manager 1 overall project /
Manager
Office management
Project Deputy Responsible for
2 1 /
Deputy Project project

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 construction,
Manager
Manager production and
Office
safety
Responsible for
Project Chief project
Project Chief
3 Engineer 1 construction /
Engineer
Office technology
management
Responsible for
Engineering on-site
Engineering
4 1 department construction /
department
Chief technology
management
Safety Project safety and
Safety
5 1 department quality /
department
Chief management

Laboratory Responsible for

6 Laboratory 1 /
director project testing

Machine and Responsible for

Machine and
Material materials and
7 Material 1 /
Department machinery
Department
Chief management
Responsible for
the financial
Finance Financial
8 1 work of the /
Department Accounting
project
department
Contract
Contract Project contract
9 1 Department /
Department management
Chief
Business Project Business
Business
10 1 Department and General /
Department
Chief Office
Responsible for
Person in
Measurement on-site
11 1 charge of /
Department measurement and
measurement
lofting
Person in Responsible for
Construction
12 3 charge of daily construction /
team
construction arrangements

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3.4.2 Device configuration

Table 3.3 Schedule of mechanical equipment input

No. Device name Model specifications Quantity

1 Crawler excavator Hitachi ZX210H-5G 2
2 Wheel excavator 2
3 Loader XGMG XG955-III 2
4 Concrete mixing station Cinda 500 1
5 Concrete tank truck 8m 3 2
6 Double drum roller 20T 2
7 Crane 5T 2
8 Car crane 50T 1
9 Car crane 25T 1
10 Grader Volvo-G930 1
11 sprinkler Oron 2
12 Dump truck Oron 5
Shaanxi Automobile
13 Low flat 1
ZJV9400TDP

14 Electric welding machine 6

15 Hoop bending machine 2

16 Stirrup forming machine 3
17 Cutting machine 2
18 bench drill 2

19 Woodworking circular saw 3

Semi-automatic hot melt

20 2
machine
Manual small hot melt
21 1
machine
22 small truck HINO 3
23 Pickup trucks Toyota pickup HILUX 3
24 Jump ram 2
25 Frog ramming machine 4
26 Small roller 2

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 27 Small generator 7.5KW 5
28 Large generator 120KW 2
29 Transformer 800KVA 1
3.4.3 Planned entry volume of main materials

The materials invested in this project are mainly local procurement. If it is not
possible to purchase locally, it should be purchased from neighboring countries or
domestically if the quality meets the requirements. The main materials to be invested
in this project and the planned entrance volume are shown in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Main construction materials
Material Planned
No. Material name Remarks
origin usage
For water supply
1 Ductile iron pipe China 32000m
network

China/South For water supply

2 HDPE pipe 340000m
Africa network
Used for water
Zambia/South
3 PVC pipe 180000m supply and sewage
Africa
network
South
4 Water tank 23 For water tower
Africa/China
Used for water
South
5 Steel 260T tower steel
Africa/China
structure
South Used for water
6 Flow meter 5000
Africa/China supply network

Water treatment For water treatment

7 China 1 set
equipment plant

Sewage treatment For sewage

8 China 1 set
equipment treatment plant

South For water intake

9 Water pump 13 sets
Africa/China and well
Used in treatment
10 cement Zambia 3000 T plants and
outbuildings
11 gravel Zambia 10000 T Used in treatment

12
 plants and
outbuildings
Used in treatment
12 Cement brick Zambia 3500 m3 plants and
outbuildings
Used in treatment
13 Rebar Zambia 320T plants and
outbuildings

4、Construction Technology Organization Measures

4.1 Familiar Technical Specifications and Drawings Review

The project regularly learns local and international contracts, technical

specifications and various technical regulations issued by the company, and discusses
and deals with important technical issues on the spot to deepen the understanding of
technical specifications.
The project department set up a drawing review team, with the project chief
engineer as the team leader, engineering department, contract department, safety
department, material department, laboratory and other departments as team members,
all on-site engineers to participate, the construction volume of the drawings, technical
requirements Wait for learning, and discuss the handling of important links on the
construction site . Strengthen the communication between the site and the design to
ensure that the design work is closely linked to the construction, which is convenient
for simple construction and speed up the construction progress.

4.2 Engineering survey

4.2.1 Instrument calibration

All measuring instruments and equipment entering the field must be sent to
measurement and testing units with inspection and verification qualification levels for
testing and verification, to ensure that the instruments and equipment meet their own
accuracy requirements and ensure accurate and reliable measurement data.

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 Table 4.1 Schedule of input measuring instruments

No. Equipment Name Model specifications Quantity

1 GPS ZhonghaidaV98 1

2 Total station Topcon ES-52 1

3 Level DSZ1 3

4.2.2 Key technical points of measurement of main components

Do a good job of measuring the control network in the field. According to the
plane, elevation control points and measurement accuracy requirements provided by
the engineer , review and encrypt the leveling points and conductor points according
to the measurement regulations, and strictly implement the "double detection" system
in the measurement work to ensure the accuracy of the data.
The measurement data is the most direct basis for the construction. Therefore, it
is required to carefully review the coordinates and elevations in the construction
drawings before construction. After the data is correct, the data in the drawings can be
staked out on the site to ensure the accuracy of the construction data and stakeout.
4.2.3 Quality control of measurement technology

1. Establish a management system

Establish a sound two-level quality management system, that is, the project
department and team, formulate corresponding policies and objectives, implement
quality responsibilities, check every level, strict management, play the role of quality
supervision, and improve work quality.
2. Establish a sound quality assurance system
Any piece of measurements must be self-inspection, mutual inspection, delivery
inspection, verification without the error, and then supervision, to ensure accuracy.

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When setting out the concrete construction, there must be one measurement and
multiple methods to review. The setting data must be calculated independently by two
people. Each process can only be carried out after the supervision engineer signs it,
forming a complete quality assurance system.

4.3 Establishment of site laboratory

4.3.1 Laboratory construction

The construction site laboratory is an important basic data source for engineering
quality control and evaluation, and an important part of engineering construction
quality assurance system. The construction site laboratory must strictly implement the
relevant national laws, regulations, technical standards and relevant regulations and
procedures of the competent transportation department, follow the principles of
science, objectivity, rigor and fairness, independently carry out test and inspection
activities, and provide true and accurate engineering construction Test detection data
and reports. The construction site laboratory is set up according to the content and
scale of the project, not only to meet the needs of project quality control, but also to
meet the requirements of reasonable layout, safety and environmental protection, and
clean environment.
Complete all kinds of test instruments and ask relevant departments to complete
the calibration of test instruments. The laboratory conducts investigations and tests on
the raw materials such as cement, crushed stone, and pipes to be used, and performs
various tests. Strengthen the comparison test of materials in the investigation of raw
materials to provide a basis for the selection of materials. Strengthen the comparative
analysis test of different dosages and different aggregates in the composition design
test to provide a reliable basis for construction.
Table 4.2 Schedule of input test instruments

No. equipment name Specification model Quantity

1 Sieve / 1

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 Dish type plastic limit
2 / 1
tester
3 Geotechnical compactor / 1
4 Stripping machine / 1
5 Dial indicator / 6
Foundation Bearing
6 / 1
Capacity Tester
7 Force ring 30MPa 30MPa 1
8 Force ring 100MPa 100MPa 1
9 Sand filling tube / 1
10 Vernier caliper / 1
11 Gauge / 1
12 Press / 1
13 Curing box HBY-40B 1
14 Concrete mixer SJD60 1
15 Concrete shaker 1m X 1m 1
16 Slump tube / 1
17 Oven 101-3 2
18 Electronic balance 0-5000g, 0.1g 1
19 Case scale 0-10 kg, 0 .1g 1
Electronic hydrostatic
20 0-5000g, 0.1g 1
balance
4.3.2 Laboratory layout

The site selection of the construction site laboratory fully considers factors such
as safety, environmental protection, convenient transportation and project quality
management requirements. The surrounding areas are generally hardened. The site
laboratory planning follows the principles of reasonable overall layout, clear
functional zoning, and smooth organization and coordination. The work area of the
site laboratory is set up separately. The work area can be divided into three parts:
function room, office, and reference room.
The function room is set according to the project content and characteristics, and
is divided into a geotechnical room, an aggregate room, a stone room, a concrete
concrete room, a mechanics room, a standard curing room, a sample room, and a
storage room.

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 Considering the impact of extreme weather and natural disasters, to take
reinforcement measures necessary to ensure that the use of peripheral security period.
The house is safe and sturdy, and its space, area, ventilation, lighting and thermal
insulation meet the requirements of use. The space and area of the construction site
test room meet the requirements of test and inspection work and environmental
conditions, and comprehensively consider the factors such as the space and area
occupied by equipment placement, personnel operation and action channels, and the
position of doors and windows. For functional rooms with temperature and humidity
requirements, ceiling treatment can be carried out if necessary in order to reduce the
effective height and improve the effect of heat preservation and moisturizing.
The site test room has good ventilation and lighting conditions, and the chemical
room and asphalt mixture room are equipped with mechanical forced ventilation
facilities. The construction site laboratory is equipped with more complete drainage
facilities and equipped with necessary emergency water sources to ensure that the test
and inspection work is normal and continuous. All functional rooms are laid with
upper and lower water pipes, equipped with pools, and floor drains are set on the
ground . Cement concrete room, stone room and other rooms are equipped with sinks
and sedimentation tanks on the ground.
The construction site laboratory adopts independent special lines for centralized
power distribution, and sets emergency power supply to ensure that the test and
inspection work is normal and continuous. The wiring of wires and cables conforms
to relevant technical standards to ensure safe use. Equipped with necessary safety
protection, anti-theft and environmental protection facilities to ensure the safety of
personnel and equipment and avoid causing environmental pollution. The walls and
roof of the standard curing room are protected against moisture and heat, and a water
storage device is installed on the ground to facilitate the backflow of the maintenance
water and prevent ground water. The function room is equipped with a certain number
of operating tables. The operating tables are made of strong, non-slip and corrosion-
resistant materials. The geometric dimensions conform to the relevant technical

17
standards. The appearance is clean, beautiful and easy to operate. The function room
is flat, non-slip and wear-resistant.
The site laboratory sign is hung in a conspicuous place, and its content is
consistent with the content of the site laboratory seal. Each function room, office, and
data room shall be provided with doorplate signs of uniform specifications, and
warning and restricted entry signs shall be provided for areas with environmental and
safety requirements. The organization block diagram, the main management system,
the staff attendance table, the construction site barometer, etc. are hung in the office.
Operation rules for main instruments and equipment suspended in each functional
room.

4.4 Establish Archive Management Measures

The various departments of the construction site shall file relevant data to
facilitate the management and inquiry. The file information should be filled in, sorted
out and filed in time. Personnel files should be one file per person, including personal
resumes, identity documents, graduation certificates, job title certificates, qualification
certificates, labor contracts, employment documents, training and assessment records,
etc.
Device according to one file a profile to establish, for a plurality of small
instruments of the same type is provided apparatus may establish a centralized file,
but each instrument should be unique number. Equipment archives include equipment
resumes, factory certificates, product manuals, previous verification/calibration
certificates or records, maintenance records, usage records, etc.
The test and inspection ledger is divided into management and technical ledger.
The management ledger includes personnel, equipment, standards and other ledgers;
the technical ledger includes raw materials entry ledger, sample ledger, test/test
ledger, unqualified materials ledger, and foreign commissioned ledger ledger. The
ledger should be uniform in format, concise and applicable, and complete in
information. The filling and statistics of the ledger should be timely and standardized.

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 Pay attention to the collection of pictures and video materials of the quality
inspection of hidden projects and key parts, and organize and archive them in a timely
manner. Documents should be sent, received, registered and transferred according to
relevant requirements.
The project engineering materials and related reports are prepared according to
the specifications provided by the owner, and at the same time, they communicate
with the supervision engineer, and compile and report the materials according to the
supervision requirements. Do a good job in the classification and archiving of various
engineering and equipment materials.

5、Construction Plan, Period and Guarantee Measures

5.1 Project duration

The total construction period of this contract is 18 months, the planned start date:
August 1, 2020, the planned completion date: January 30, 2022; according to the plan,
all the main construction must be completed before the end of 2021, and strive to
complete all ancillary works, The goal of the project department is to take effective
measures, carefully organize scientific management, reasonably arrange the input of
equipment personnel, and achieve multi-point, face-to-face construction and pipeline
operations to ensure the completion of the task.

5.2 Principles for preparation of construction plans

1. Strictly implement the local government's policies, laws and regulations,

strictly abide by the completion date of the project and the owner's instructions on the
construction of the project, and arrange the overall progress of the construction in
accordance with the prescribed construction procedures and various construction
period control points.

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 2. Clarify the major and minor of each project, ensure the key lines of the project
construction, arrange the construction period reasonably, coordinate the progress of
each project, reduce interference, and make the entire project coordinated and orderly.
3. Optimize the construction plan, reasonably configure the construction
equipment, and provide reliable guarantee measures from the technology and
construction equipment, so that the safety, quality and schedule can meet the
requirements of the contract at the same time.
4, the premise of meeting the total duration, pass through reasonable
arrangements for construction progress, and strive to achieve a balanced construction,
to reduce the intensity of the peak of construction, to ensure rational use of equipment
and labor.
5. In order to reduce construction interference, ensure the continuity and balance
of various constructions, and organize each process as a pipeline operation as much as
possible.
6. On the premise of meeting the construction schedule and construction
intensity, try to simplify the site layout and centrally arrange temporary facilities to
facilitate construction management and improve management efficiency.
7. Use advanced mechanized construction methods to improve project quality
and production efficiency, and ensure that the project is of high quality and completed
on time.
8. The project on the key line adopts dynamic management, and the construction
period is arranged according to medium intensity, making full use of the construction
period during the construction preparation period and the dry season. To ensure the
smooth implementation of the key line, a certain amount of time is reserved for
unforeseen factors in the project.
9, according to the construction characteristics of this project, are open-air
project, big interference by the rainy season, as far as possible to arrange facilities in
the dry season work.

5.3 Construction plan

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 According to the design of the drawings and the procurement of materials, this
year it is planned to construct the auxiliary buildings of the processing plant (such as
office and living areas, guard rooms, etc.), as well as the construction of PVC pipes,
ductile iron pipes and HDPE pipes according to the actual conditions and materials on
site. Procurement situation is further arranged and adjusted.

5.4 Construction period guarantee measures

1. In order to complete the construction tasks on schedule, we formed a strong

leadership team, strengthened plan management, implemented dynamic target
management, carried out layer by layer and implemented layer by layer, regularly
held production planning meetings, and checked the implementation of phased
targets. The most reasonable, scientific and effective combination of manpower and
material resources invested in this project to mobilize the enthusiasm of various
construction personnel;
2. Prepare carefully before starting work. Combined with the preliminary
planning of the project, according to the mission objectives and work characteristics
of this year, improve various rules and regulations to allow the system to be executed
normally; staff organization retains the backbone of the project and arranges
professionals to important positions; make full preparations in materials and materials
reserves , The mechanical state is normal;
3. The project attaches great importance to production scheduling. Monthly
meetings are held at the end of each month to conduct monthly summaries and plan
arrangements for the next month; weekly weekly meetings are held, and various
departments report on the work of the week and plans for the next week; the
construction team and the head of the infield communicate and summarize the work
in a timely manner. The resources of the work material machine are allocated as
needed to ensure the maximum efficiency of resource utilization;

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 4. The project department promotes the "Hardship", rushing to work during the
day, working at night, working overtime on weekends, working skillfully on rainy
days, and doing scientifically and reasonably.
5. Prepare annual, semi-annual, quarterly, monthly, and weekly operation plans
according to the overall progress plan, implement them to the people, and compare
with the original plan in time according to the completion status in the
implementation process, and take measures to modify and adjust, and implement
dynamic management;
6. Fully coordinate the relationship with the local government, local people and
other aspects, create a good construction environment and ensure the smooth
construction of the project;
7. Start to prepare materials in advance to ensure the supply of materials and not
affect the construction progress due to insufficient materials;
8. Strengthen the management of key equipment, ensure the mechanical
performance, improve the utilization rate, and give full play to the advantages of
mechanized construction. Project Department equipment maintenance equipment
maintenance personnel usually do indeed ensure the normal operation of machinery
and equipment, standby equipment failure to timely rush to the scene to repair.

5.5 Organizational assurance measures

1. A project command and coordination team is set up in the regional

headquarters of our unit to coordinate the organization and leadership of the project
and major issues.
2. Establish a strong project management team on the project site and establish
an engineering project manager department, under the direct leadership of the regional
headquarters of our unit, responsible for the whole process management of project
construction.
3. The functional management department of the headquarter of our unit has the
responsibility of guiding the business of the project manager department, assisting the

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project department to solve various problems in the project construction, so that the
project can be smoothly carried out.
4. With the project department of our unit as the core, under the leadership of the
headquarters of our unit and the business guidance of the functional departments,
relying on the professional project management team as the basis, a project
management organization system is formed.

5.6 Resource guarantee

1. Concentrate the superior strength of our unit, mobilize a construction team

with precise technical business, high quality, and similar construction experience, and
be equipped with sufficient professional construction labor force to strengthen the
management of foreign labor force.
2. The project department and professional management team of our unit are
equipped with a strong project management force. It is planned to assign a project
manager who understands management, business skills, ability, and is responsible for
having similar project manager experience as the project manager of the project
department, which is selected by the project manager. The backbone of each
professional participates in the management of the project department.
3. Take advantage of our unit's equipment, organize sufficient quantity of
construction machinery with good performance according to the schedule, and enter
the project to meet the construction needs of the project.
4. Formulate materials entry plan, organize the material supply, and ensure that
the material supply is accurate and timely.

5.7 Management measures

1. Strengthen schedule planning management, use network planning technology,

seize key lines, and perfect use of the dynamic management model of the project that
our company has formed to achieve first-level protection and first-level, and
ultimately achieve the overall goal.

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 2. Strengthen construction preparation, arrange construction procedures
rationally and scientifically, and organize scientifically to make construction progress
on site, construction procedures reasonable, scientific, and achieve optimal control.
3. Strengthen on-site management, coordinate and organize the intermediate
handover of processes in a timely manner to optimize on-site construction
organization and process overlap, and ensure that the construction period and key
nodes are realized on time.
4. Strengthen quality management, while creating excellent quality, use high
quality to avoid delays caused by rework of the project to the construction period.
5. Strengthen the construction safety management to prevent the occurrence of
major safety accidents, which is to ensure that the construction is carried out in
sequence and the construction period is on time.
6. Strengthen standardization management, fight standardization and brand
creation, and promote a smooth construction with a good construction environment.
7. Pioneering in science and technology, adopting new technologies, new
processes, and optimizing construction schemes to shorten the construction period and
overcome the difficulties of tight construction period, in order to finally achieve the
target of completion on schedule.
8. Carry out all-round employee responsibility education and establish credibility
as the lifeline of the enterprise. Fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of all employees
participating in the war is the guarantee for the completion of the project on schedule.
9. Carry out various forms of labor competitions to promote project construction.
10. Our company has set up internal project node awards, strict internal node
assessment of our unit, and heavy awards and fines to promote the progress of the
project.
11. Strengthen construction information communication, strengthen internal and
external contacts, and strengthen construction cooperation. Improve logistics services,
increase the enthusiasm of on-site construction personnel, and promote the smooth
progress of the project.

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 12. The previous process must create working surfaces and construction
conditions for the next process, so that the construction can be carried out in an
orderly manner, and efforts should be made to shorten the construction cycle of each
sub-project to ensure the realization of the total construction period.
13. Determine the progress control goals of each job according to the division of
system majors, and clarify the conditions and time for the handover of the work
surface according to the cross-construction work plan and the front-to-back
connection conditions of each professional project.
14. The supply plan of labor, materials, structural parts, machinery and
equipment shall be in accordance with the realization of the project schedule, and
special attention shall be paid to whether the supply plan during the peak construction
period can meet the requirements.
15. Organize construction in multiple construction areas. Under the control of
strict measurement control network, multiple operation lines work in parallel.
16. Sort out the statistical inspection data, sort and count the actual inspection
data by physical volume, workload and labor consumption and percentage, so as to
compare with the corresponding planned completion volume.
17. Compare the actual progress with the planned progress, collate and collect
the collected data into data that is comparable to the planned progress, and then
compare the actual progress of the construction project with the planned progress. It is
concluded that the actual progress is consistent with the planned progress, ahead of
schedule, and behind schedule.

6、Main Construction Method

6.1 Water intake construction

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 After an investigation of the Zambezi River site, considering the practicality and
on-site construction conditions, I initially chose to build a water intake in the river by
using a pontoon.
6.1.1 Introduction to water intake

There are 3 water intake points in this project, 2 are used in daily life, and 1 is
used as a backup. The design requires a water intake flow of 333m 3 /hr. A water
intake pump is set at each water intake point, and four concrete foundations are
constructed at the bottom of the river, and the four corners of the water intake
platform are connected to the concrete foundation with anchor cables. The initial plan
is to build a 25-meter-long and 2-meter-wide pontoon to connect the water intake
platform and the shore to facilitate the operation and maintenance of the water intake
pump. According to the information provided by the owner, the highest water level of
the small Zambezi River is about 6 meters, the lowest water level is about 1 meter,
and the normal water level is about 3 meters. It is planned to construct the water
intake point and concrete foundation during the dry season (September-November).
The construction method of the weir is carried out.
6.1.2 Water intake construction

1. Underwater concrete foundation construction

(1) Construction preparation: including mechanical equipment, personnel and
technical preparation.
(2) Construction process: Technical clarification→measuring→Building
drainage facilities→Steel casing cofferdam construction→Foundation
excavation→Substrate treatment→Concrete foundation pouring(Installation of
embedded parts).
The diameter of the steel casing is about 1.5 meters. It is hoisted into a specified
position in the river channel by a crane, and it is driven into the river bed by 0.5-1
meters. The water in the steel casing is pumped away by a pump. The concrete
foundation is quickly excavated manually and the concrete pad is poured. After the

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layer, the concrete foundation is poured according to the design requirements, and the
embedded parts are installed.
2. Construction of water intake platform
Purchase and process the pontoon from the manufacturer, install and fix it on the
site, first assemble the components of the water intake pump on the shore first, and
transport it to the water intake platform for further assembly. The four corners of the
water intake platform and the concrete foundation in the river will be anchored.
Connect. DN400 flexible pipe is used to connect the outlet of the water pump and the
ductile iron pipe. The cable is connected to the water pump through the pipe laying to
ensure the tightness of the line pipe interface and prevent river water from entering
the cable pipe.

6.2 Construction of water supply and sewage network

6.2.1 Process flow

Line handover→ Measurement pay-off→ Construction access road construction

and operation zone cleaning→ Pipe trench excavation→ Pipe installing→ Pipeline
correction→ Backfill (Warning tape) →Water pressure test→ Completion acceptance.
6.2.2 Measurement and pay-off

The surveyor uses the total station to locate each manhole, and measures several
points between the wells to determine the location of the pipeline and marks it with
white and gray.
6.2.3 Manhole construction

(1) Under the measurement support, excavation of manhole pits and trenches is
carried out, and the diameter and depth of the excavation are subject to the actual site.
After the excavation is completed, use a small roller to level and compact the bottom
of the earthwork.
(2) After the bottom is leveled and compacted, a 10cm foundation cushion is
poured, and the bottom is 10cm wide. C10 concrete is used for construction to ensure

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that the concrete is fully vibrated, the concrete surface is smooth, and there is no large
particle size aggregate Exposed.
(3) Bottom plate construction is carried out after the construction of cushion
layer is completed. First, the steel bar is tied, and then the 20cm floor concrete is
poured after the formwork is erected. C20 concrete is used to fully vibrate to ensure
the construction quality.
(4) After the concrete floor has reached a certain strength, the construction of the
wall of the well room is carried out. The wall body is made of brick, with a wall
thickness of 24cm. The well wall is reserved for the hole according to the pipe
diameter.
(5) The top plate of the manhole is prefabricated with C20 reinforced concrete,
and the thickness is 15cm. After prefabrication, it can be hoisted after reaching a
certain strength, to ensure that the top plate is consistent with the centerline of the
manhole, and be connected with mortar.
(6) The thickness of the brick well shaft is 24cm, which is consistent with the
center line of the well body, and the height is adjusted according to the elevation of
the road surface.
(7) The roof of the manhole cover is prefabricated, the support and the concrete
are poured together, and it can be hoisted when it reaches a certain strength, to ensure
that the roof and the centerline of the well body are consistent, and are connected with
mortar
(8) After the concrete curing is completed, the earthwork backfill construction is
carried out. The earthwork backfill requires layered backfill compaction, and the
thickness of the single layer does not exceed 35cm, reaching the standard degree of
compaction.
6.2.4 Laying of pipes

(1) According to the determined excavation parts, trenches are excavated using
machinery under the supervision of the surveyor: the elevation of the sewage pipe is
strictly in accordance with the elevation of the drawing, and the reverse slope is

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strictly prohibited; the depth of the water supply pipe can be adjusted according to the
actual situation; the elevation of the bottom of the tank is allowed The deviation is
+20mm, -30mm, the allowable range of the deviation of the axis deviation and the
groove bottom width is ±30mm.
(2) After excavation to the design elevation, the bottom is first leveled, and
compacted using a small roller or ram. Since most of the site is sand, some sewage
pipes reach a depth of about 4 meters, and construction may be required during the
rainy season. The following measures are now used to ensure the safety of
construction in the foundation pit:
1) For trenches with deep excavation, 1:0.67 grading excavation is used, and if
necessary, graded excavation is used.
2) For the deep trenches excavated, a lattice wall is constructed with steel pipes,
and bamboo plywood on both sides is used as the wall support to prevent the slope
from instability and collapse.
3) In the excavated trench, lay the slope according to the requirements of the
drawings, and add a temporary sump at the lowest part of the excavated pipe groove,
and place a high-power pump in the pit to ensure that the pipe groove is not
submerged by water.
4) Add intercepting ditches and temporary drainage ditches on both sides of the
ground above the trenches to ensure that the trench walls are not washed by rain.
(3) Connect the pipes after placing them. Ductile iron pipes use socket
connections, HDPE pipes use hot-melt connections, and PVC pipes use apron
connections or bonded joints. The basic principles of pipeline installation should be
observed: horizontal and vertical, no damage to the surface of the pipeline, straight
laying of pipe joints, and tight connections.
(4) After completion, carry out layered backfilling, lay warning tapes as required,
and finally clean up the remaining soil and debris on the site.

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6.2.5 Installation of valves and fittings

(1) All the valves, fittings and pipes of different materials in this project are
connected by flanges and bolts.
(2) Before installation, carefully check whether the model and specifications of
the valve and pipe fittings meet the design requirements, check whether the thickness
and flatness of the rubber gasket meet the design requirements, and whether the gland
bolts have adjustment margins.
(3) During the installation, the valves and fittings should be lifted steadily, and
the flanges, valves, fittings and pipelines should be adjusted coaxially so that the
connection is in a free and unstressed state and the bolts should be tightened. Locking
method.
(4) Before the valve is installed, a compressive strength test should be done. The
test shall be conducted with a random check of 10% of each batch (same brand,
specification, model). The leakage crack failure should then checks 20% as still
substandard grid shall be individually tested. Strong degree of pressure and tightness
test shall be specified by the manufacturer of the pressure valve, check valve and test
records.
(5) Before the valve is installed, check the model according to the design
requirements, remove the dirt in the valve, check whether the valve stem rotates
flexibly, clarify the direction of switch rotation, and whether the valve body has
cracks, sand holes, etc., and check whether the flange plane is straight, Whether the
water stop line is clear and the screw holes are up to standard.
(6) When the valve is installed, the valve should be closed. The arrow on the
valve body should be consistent with the flow direction of the medium.
(7) When the valve is installed, there should be no clogging in the valve, the
valve stem and transmission device should be installed according to the design
requirements, the handwheel is in a convenient operation position, the action should
be flexible, and the installed valve should be neat and beautiful.

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 (8) In the process of pipeline construction, various valve wells made of bricks
shall be protected by enclosing and setting anti- collision signs.
6.2.6 Water pressure test of pressure pipeline

(1) Before the pressure test, check whether all control valves in the entire
pipeline are open, and whether they are separated from other pipeline networks and
equipment that cannot participate in the pressure test.
(2) Connect the pressure test pump, valve, pressure gauge, inlet pipe, etc. to the
pipeline and fill it with water. After the water is full, exhaust the air in the pipeline
system (until the outlet valve flows out of the water), close the outlet valve, wait After
filling, close the inlet valve.
(3) Pre-experiment stage: pressurize with a manual pressure test pump or an
electric pressure test pump. The pressure should be gradually increased, generally 2 to
3 times to the test pressure. Stop the pressurization when the pressure reaches the test
pressure. Pipe test pressure is maintained at 30 minutes, if the pressure drop during
water fill pressure may be, but not greater than the test pressure; check pipe joints,
fittings, etc. There are no leakage, damage phenomena; leaks, should be promptly
stopped again damage phenomena Pressure, find out the reason and take
corresponding measures to re-test the pressure.
(4) Main test stage: stop water injection and make up pressure, stabilize for 15
minutes; when the pressure drop does not exceed the allowable pressure value after 15
minutes, reduce the test pressure to working pressure and maintain a constant pressure
for 30 minutes, conduct visual inspection if there is no water leakage Phenomenon,
the hydraulic test is qualified.
(5) When the pipeline is boosted, the gas in the pipeline should be eliminated;
during the boosting process, the spring pressure gauge needle is found to be
oscillating and unstable, and when the boost is slow, the exhaust should be re-
exhausted and then boosted.

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 (6) The pressure should be increased step by step, and the back, piers, pipe body
and interface should be checked every time the level is raised. Continue to increase
pressure when there is no abnormality.
(7) It is strictly forbidden to repair the defects during the hydraulic test; when
there are defects, a mark shall be made and repaired after the pressure is relieved.
6.2.7 Closed water test of non-pressure pipeline

(1) The appearance quality of the pipeline and inspection well has been accepted;
the pipeline is not backfilled and there is no water in the trench; all reserved holes
should be blocked and no water seepage should be allowed.
(2) The bearing capacity of the plugging plates at both ends of the pipeline
should be calculated to be greater than the combined force of the water pressure;
except for the reserved inlet and outlet pipes, the plugging should be firm and no
water seepage should be allowed.
(3) When the design water head upstream of the test section does not exceed the
inner wall of the pipe top, the test head should be calculated by adding 2 meters to the
inner wall of the pipe top upstream of the test section.
(4) When the design head upstream of the test section exceeds the inner wall of
the pipe top, the test head shall be calculated by adding 2 meters to the design head
upstream of the test section.
(5) When the calculated test head is less than 10 meters, but has exceeded the
upstream inspection well head, the test head should be based on the upstream
inspection well head height.
(6) a test tube filled with water after soaking section between not less than 24
hours.
(7) When the test water head reaches the specified water head, start timing and
observe the seepage volume of the pipeline. Until the end of the observation, the
water should be continuously replenished into the test pipe section to keep the test
head constant; the observation time of the seepage volume should not be less than 30

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minutes, and the seepage volume meets The specification requires that the closed
water test passes.

6.3 Civil engineering

6.3.1 Earthwork

1. Earthwork excavation construction

Excavation is used to excavate the earthwork with a thickness of more than
300mm at the bottom of the cushion using an excavator. During the excavation
process, the surveyors monitor the elevation throughout the process to prevent over-
excavation; the earthwork within the thickness of the bottom of the cushion is less
than 300mm by manual clearing. (Line), make sure not to over-dig.
2. Earthwork backfill construction
(1) Earthwork backfilling operation sequence
The earthwork backfilling shall be carried out in sequence according to the
principles of deep and shallow construction, according to the construction site
earthwork backfilling, foundation outside earthwork backfilling, and Fangxin earth
backfilling.
(2) Requirements for backfilling of earthwork in various parts
1) Backfilling of the outer side of the foundation brick and the core soil: After
the completion of the construction of the bearing platform and the foundation beam,
backfill the outer side of the foundation, use artificial layered filling, layered and
compacted with a frog type ramming machine, and the thickness of each layer of the
virtual paving shall not be greater than 200mm. When the distance between the
outside of the foundation and the slope of the foundation pit or foundation groove is
very small, graded sand and gravel can be used for the backfill and compacted with
short steel bars.
2) The soil material for the backfill of the foundation groove is plain soil, and the
layer thickness is 200mm. The tamping tool is a frog-type ramming machine. Each

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layer is tamped 4 times. The compaction coefficient of the backfill soil is not less than
0.95.
3) Before filling the soil, check whether the quality of the soil material and the
water content are within the control range. The water content of the soil is generally
suitable for holding in a hand and blooming on the ground. When the water content is
too large, measures such as turning loose, drying, air drying, soil replacement and
backfilling, mixing dry soil or other water-absorbing materials should be taken to
prevent the appearance of rubber clay. If the soil material is too dry, it should be pre-
sprinkled with water to increase the number of compaction passes or use more
powerful compaction machinery.
4) Before manual backfilling and ramming, the fill should be preliminarily
leveled, and the ramming should be carried out in a certain direction. One ramming
and semi-ramming, the ramming and ramming are connected, the rows and rows are
connected, the horizontal and vertical cross twice, and the ramming is layered; The
ramming machine is ramming in real time. The ramming machine should be initially
leveled before ramming. The ramming machine is rammed in sequence, evenly
separated, and no intermittent.
6.3.2 Formwork

1. Beam plate template

Formwork sequence: Review bottom elevation axis and axial position of the
bottom die support beam (camber by specification) tie bar supported on both sides of
the mold Beam Reinforced review mode size and position of the beam with the
adjacent beams connected and fixed die.
The ends of the beam bottom mold side mold and the column part are made of
bamboo plywood. The mold release agent is brushed on the inner surface of the board
to ensure the effect of the water template after demoulding. When the beam height is
less than 700mm, horizontal steel tubes supporting the plate form can be used to brace
the beam side, and some short steel tubes are diagonally braced. When the beam
height is greater than 700mm, the tension bolts are added to fix the tension bolts along

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the beam height 350mm, horizontal A row of 800mm is set to ensure that the side
formwork of the beam will not be deformed. Due to the large cross-sectional size of
the beam and the excessive weight of the beam, a row of supporting uprights was
added at the bottom of the beam to eliminate the deformation of the beam bottom
mold. The beam bottom form is arched as required. The top plate is made of 12mm
thick bamboo plywood to ensure the flatness of the top plate.
2. Beam and column joint template
In order to ensure that the node template is easy to use, the bamboo plywood
template is used, and a 20mm wooden strip is nailed to the lower mouth of the
wooden mold, and it is stuck in the groove of the once-posted column. In order to
ensure that there is no slurry leakage between the secondary installation column top
mold and the primary column, support should be added on site.
3. Floor template
The plate mould adopts 12 thick film-coated bamboo rubber sheet, the seam is
flat and the seam is sealed with self-adhesive tape. The formwork support adopts a
φ48×3.5 steel pipe scaffolding support system, and the floor joists are all 50×50
square steel with a spacing of 300. The surface of the film-coated board is smooth,
with good hardness, high turnover times, and good concrete forming quality, which
can reduce the amount of structural plastering work and shorten the construction
period.
4. Stair template
The stair formwork is made of steel and wooden molds. The formwork support
adopts φ48×3.5 steel pipe scaffolding support system.
5. Installation of template
Before pouring concrete, you must check whether the formwork is reliable and
the fasteners are loose. When pouring concrete, the formwork support team must set a
special person to see the mold, check whether the support is deformed or loose at any
time, and organize the timely recovery. Regularly check whether the bolts of the

35
supporting formwork hooks, inclined supports and platform connections are loose,
and organize and deal with them in time if problems are found.
(1) Preparations before forming
1) Install and pay off: measure and release the control grid and formwork control
line before the formwork is installed. According to the plane control axis network, the
wall, column edge line and inspection control line are released on the waterproof
protective layer or floor slab, and after the vertical steel bar binding is completed, the
elevation control point is marked on the upper part of the vertical main reinforcement
of each layer.
2) Before installing the formwork, first check the cleanliness of the debris of the
formwork, the cleaning of the floating slurry, the trimming of the board surface, and
the brushing of the release agent.
3) At the end of the beam, the corner of the column root, and the corner of the
shear wall, a cleaning port is left. Before the top plate is poured, the debris on the
formwork and steel bar is cleaned with a high-pressure air pump.
4) After the acceptance of the previous procedures (reinforcement, water and
electricity installation, reserved openings, etc.).
5) Install door and window opening templates as required.
6) The facilities to prevent template leakage, rotting, and misalignment are
completed.
6. Dismantling of formwork
Do not use a sledgehammer or a hard pry to disturb the mold when removing the
mold. If it is difficult to remove, use a crowbar to pry slightly from the bottom; keep
the distance between the formwork and the wall when lifting, to ensure that the
concrete surface and corners are not damaged by the removal.
(1) Demolition of side forms of walls, columns and beams
The demolition of the wall and beam side formwork shall be subject to no
damage to the corners. In order to accurately grasp the time of demolding, the test
block with the same condition must be retained. The demolding is allowed when the
strength of the test block reaches 1.2MPa. During construction, it is necessary to

36
accumulate the experience of different strength levels of concrete, different cement,
and how long it will reach 1.2MPa under different temperature conditions.
6.3.3 Reinforcement engineering

1. Connection of reinforcement
(1) The bottom layer of the first-level, second-level seismic level and third-level
seismic level of the longitudinally stressed steel bars of the frame column adopt
mechanical joints; the third-level seismic level and the fourth-level seismic level
section use lashing and lap joints;
(2) Longitudinal reinforcement of the beam: mechanical connection joints are
used at the first level of the frame beam, and lap joints can be used for the second,
third, and fourth; when the span is greater than 9m, the reinforcement of the lower
part of the beam must not be tied;
(3) The longitudinal tensile steel bars of axial tensile members and small
eccentric tensile members (PL) shall not be connected by lap; when the reinforcing
bars in other members are bound by lap, the diameter of the tensile bars shall not be
greater than 25mm, and the compression bars The diameter should not be greater than
28mm;
(4) Lap joints can be used for joints with longitudinally stressed steel bars of
diameter <22; sleeve joints should be used for joints with diameters ≥ 22; when the
percentage of reinforced joints in the same connection section is not greater than 50%;
joint grades can be used Class II; when the percentage of reinforced joints in the same
connection area is greater than 50%, the joint class should be Class I.
2. Construction process of steel bar engineering
(1) Inspection of raw material of reinforcement
Rebars must have a factory quality assurance certificate when entering the site,
and the on-site material staff should check the rebar certificate, furnace number and
batch size. After the rebar enters the site, the on-site tester will immediately perform
rebar retest work according to the specifications, and the rebar retest will be approved
for use after passing the rebar test. Unqualified rebars are resolutely cleared and

37
withdrawn, and related material management records are made and materials are
reorganized into the site.
(2) Steel bar processing
1) Rebar batching: batching is carried out according to drawings and
specifications, especially for places where the reinforcement is too dense, such as
beam joints, points, etc., must be staked out first. Requisition must be reviewed and
signed by the correct rear can be processed. Cutting principle: Steel bars of the same
specification are matched according to different lengths and lengths to coordinate the
batching; break the long material first, then break the short material, reduce the short
head and reduce the loss.
2) Steel bar decontamination: The surface of the steel bar should be clean. The
contaminated rusted steel bar must be cleaned before the steel bar is blanked. The
derusting of the coiled steel bar is completed during the straightening process; self-
made electric derusting is used for the threaded steel bar Machine to complete, and
install a dust cover.
3) Rebar cutting: Rebar cutting machine and grinding wheel cutting machine are
used to cut the steel bar. When cutting, the distance between the blade and the blade
of the impact blade should be ensured. Rebars with a diameter of less than 20mm
should overlap 1-2mm, and rebars with a diameter of ≥20mm should be left about
3mm to ensure the cutting length of the steel. Reinforcement fractures must not be
horseshoe-shaped or bent. The length of the steel bar should be accurate, and the
allowable deviation is ±10mm.
4) Stirrup forming: The cut steel bar is bent and shaped according to the single
partition, segmentation, layering, sub-site and sub-spec of reinforcement.
3. Rebar stacking and marking requirements
(1) Storage site requirements: The storage site should be solid and flat, hardened
with concrete or gravel on the base of the site, and set a drainage slope from the
middle to both sides to avoid water accumulation at the base. When piled up, underlay
steel bars or ridge walls to prevent rust and pollution.

38
 (2) Stacking of raw materials and finished products: After the raw materials of
the steel bars enter the site, the processed steel bars are stacked, divided, layered,
segmented and component names in the order of number according to the location of
the construction plan, the same part of the steel bar or the same component They
should be stacked together to ensure easy construction.
(3) Reinforcement labeling: After the steel bar enters the site, they are stacked in
an orderly manner according to the grade and model, and the steel is painted and
marked at all levels. Mixed use is strictly prohibited.
4. Rebar connection
(1) Banding and overlapping
The lashing lap is set strictly in accordance with the design requirements, and its
lap length must meet the design specifications.
(2) Straight thread connection
1) Straight thread mechanical connection is a form of mechanical joint that is
commonly used at present, and the quality of the joint is reliable.
2) Straight thread processing: the material is cut with a grinding wheel cutting
machine, and the cross section of the end of the steel bar is perpendicular to the axis
of the steel bar without warping. The two ends of the steel bar are clamped on the
threading machine, and the threading is performed with water-soluble cutting cooling
lubricant for cooling and lubrication. The large-diameter steel bar shall be turned to
the specified size in order to ensure the accuracy of the screw, and the general rule
and the stop rule shall be used for inspection.
3) Straight thread connection: Before connecting the steel bar, unscrew the
plastic protective cap on the upper end of the lower bar to expose the screw, and clean
the cement slurry and other dirt on the screw. When connecting the steel bars, screw
the upper bar of the screwed sleeve to the connected steel bar, use a torque wrench to
tighten the steel bar joints according to the specified torque value, and mark with
paint to prevent the steel bar joints from being screwed.
5. Technical measures for reinforcement engineering

39
 (1) Each batch of steel bars in this project must be reviewed for material
certification, and can be used after being re-examined by appearance and mechanical
tests and reported to the supervision engineer for approval. The unqualified steel
found in the re-examination shall be promptly withdrawn from the site to prevent
mixed use in the project.
(2) The specifications of the connecting sleeve must be consistent with the
specifications of the steel bar. During the connection of the steel bar, the exposed wire
buckle of the steel bar should not exceed 1 complete buckle. If the exposed wire
buckle is found to exceed 1 complete buckle, it should be re-tightened or the cause
should be eliminated in time. When it cannot be eliminated, find a technician to deal
with; during the lashing process, all the lashing wire heads must be bent into the
inside of the steel bar skeleton, and must not touch the formwork; the horizontal and
vertical position lines of the floor steel bar are popped up on the top plate according to
the drawing spacing requirements.
(3) The reinforced protective layer of this project will be specially designed
according to different parts of the structure, using standard plastic cushion or cement
cushion.
(4) The strict control of the quality of the steel bar project is controlled according
to the standard, and a special person is responsible for inspection. After passing the
self-inspection, it shall be reported to the supervision engineer for acceptance.
(5) Bounce the wire on the formwork before the reinforcement of the cast-in-
place slab and bind it according to the wire.
6.3.4 Concrete works

The construction process of concrete and the appearance of concrete determine

the look and feel quality of the structure itself, which are two very important contents
in inspection. Whether the construction process of the concrete construction is
reasonable and whether the guarantee measures are strong, it directly determines the
appearance of the concrete.
1. Preparation stage of concrete construction

40
 The formulation of commodity raw material supply contracts focuses on the
inspection of material production capacity, mechanical equipment operation,
transportation capacity, quality of concrete raw materials, various technical indicators
after trial matching, unit price and many other factors.
2. Pouring operation stage of concrete engineering
(1) Test of concrete slump
Concrete slump must be tested according to regulations. Sampling of concrete
slump constructed on the same day, concrete engineer responsible for the slump test
of each vehicle, is responsible for checking whether the daily slump meets the
technical requirements, and make a slump test record, if it does not meet the
requirements, The concrete must be returned, and use is strictly prohibited. Control
index of specific slump
Formulated by the project engineering department, different components such as
walls and floors must have different control ranges to meet the different requirements
of concrete setting time for different components.
(2) Setting time and work ability of concrete
The concrete construction workers check in time whether the setting time and
work ability of the concrete meet the engineering needs. If the work ability does not
meet the requirements, they must never add water.
(3) Calendering operation of floor slab concrete
When pouring concrete, use a 4-meter scraper bar for leveling, the root of the
wall is leveled with a scraper bar, and use a steel trowel to collect light to facilitate the
wall formwork support. Concrete construction workers supervise and inspect the
Smear of concrete floor slabs of workers. The flatness of floor slabs must be
controlled within quality standards.
(4) Vibration of concrete
Concrete vibration should be set up by special people, should be inserted quickly
and slowly pulled out, to avoid the vibration of steel bars and formwork, the vibration
duration of each vibration point should make the concrete surface appear floating and
no longer sink, generally 20-30s , To avoid segregation caused by excessive vibration.

41
When using a plug-in vibrator, the moving distance of ordinary concrete should not be
greater than 1.5 times the radius of the vibrator; the distance between the vibrator and
the form should not be greater than 0.5 times the radius of the action, and avoid
collision with the steel, Formwork, rings, embedded parts, etc.; the depth of the
vibrator inserted into the lower concrete should not be less than 50mm.
3. Post-concrete pouring stage
(1) Natural curing of concrete
1) The concrete should be covered and moisturized within 12 hours after
pouring.
2) Time for watering and curing of concrete: For coagulation mixed with
portland cement, ordinary portland cement or slag portland cement, it should not be
less than 7d; for mixed retarding admixture or impermeability, The required concrete
shall not be less than 14d; when other types of cement are used, the curing of the
concrete shall be determined according to the technical performance of the cement
used.
3) the frequency of watering should be kept in a wet state of concrete, concrete
curing water mixing and water shall be consistent with the same.
4) Cover the cured concrete with plastic cloth. All exposed surfaces should be
tightly covered and condensed water should be kept in the plastic cloth.
5) Before the concrete strength reaches 1.2N/mm2, it is not allowed to step on or
install formwork and brackets on it.
6) When other varieties of cement, concrete curing time should be determined
according to the technique employed in the performance of cement; inconvenience
when the concrete surface watering or plastic sheeting coating should brush curing
agent; conservation of mass concrete, should be based on the climate Conditions to
take temperature control measures according to the construction technology plan.
7) Cover watering and curing: use natural conditions with an average
temperature higher than +5°C to cover the concrete surface with straw bags or
appropriate materials, and keep the concrete at a suitable temperature and cement
temperature for a certain period of time. Humidity conditions. Large-area structures

42
such as floors, floors, roofs, etc. can be stored and maintained. A type of storage tank
project can be injected and maintained after reaching a certain strength after removing
the inner mold.
8) Plastic film maintenance: Under conditional conditions, the membrane cloth
(such as plastic film cloth) which is impermeable to water and gas can be used for
maintenance. Cover all exposed parts of the concrete surface with a film cloth to
ensure that the concrete is adequately cured without losing water. The advantage of
this maintenance method is that it does not need to be watered, it is easy to operate,
can be reused, and can be improved. The early strength of concrete. During the
construction, the turnover of the plastic film can be accelerated, but condensed water
should be kept in the film cloth.
4. Technical measures for concrete engineering
(1) In order to ensure the quality of commercial concrete, this project will select
concrete suppliers with corresponding production scale, technical strength, reliable
quality assurance capabilities and good service to ensure the stable quality of the
concrete, timely feeding, and meet the site, The requirements for continuous pouring
of concrete ensure that there is no cold joint during pouring.
(2) During the construction process, the slump, mix ratio, water-cement ratio and
related data should be strictly controlled to control the slump loss.
(3) According to the division of plane sections, construction shall be carried out
section by section, and beams, slabs and frame columns shall be constructed
sequentially according to the construction section; when the concrete grade exceeds
two grades, high-grade concrete shall be poured at the joints of concrete first, and then
low-grade concrete shall be poured.
(4) The pumping concrete process is used for pouring, and the individual corners
and frame columns use tower cranes and hoppers to assist in the form. Equipped with
corresponding concrete pumps to meet pumping construction requirements.
(5) Before construction, a professional engineer in charge of concrete shall carry
out a comprehensive and targeted and operable technical explanation of the

43
construction management personnel, team leader and operating personnel on site. The
content of the explanation should include the main construction methods, technical
points, process control, quality standards, precautions and finished product protection.
(6) The maintenance of concrete is handled by a dedicated person. The post-
casting belt is to prevent harmful cracks that may occur due to uneven temperature
and shrinkage of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure during construction.
According to the design or construction specifications, temporary construction joints
are set up at the corresponding positions of the foundation floor, wall and beam. The
structure is temporarily divided into several parts, after the internal contraction of the
member, the concrete of the construction joint is poured after a certain time to connect
the structure into a whole.
6.3.5 Masonry engineering

1. Structural measures
The masonry material of this project adopts hollow concrete blocks. The blocks
can only be used after they have been certified by materials and pass the re-
inspection. The design of structural columns and ring beams not explicitly stated in
the design shall be set in accordance with the specifications provided by the owner.
(1) The small block wall is tied with the frame column and the structural column,
and the tied steel bar 2φ6 is set in a horizontal gray joint with a vertical spacing of
600.
(2) When fortified at 7 degrees, reinforced concrete frames are set on both sides
of the opening when the width of the opening is less than 1.2 meters, and reinforced
concrete construction columns are set on both sides of the opening when the width of
the opening is greater than 1.2 meters.
(3) When the length of the wall or the distance between adjacent horizontal walls
is greater than 2 times the wall height, set up structural columns in the wall, the
distance between the structural columns is not more than 2 times the wall height,
when the wall length is greater than the wall height and there is no column at the end

44
When the wall height is greater than 4m, the cast-in-situ belt is set in the wall, and the
distance between the cast-in-situ belt is not more than 4m.
(4) Reinforced concrete construction columns are set at the junction of the inner
and outer walls and the turning point of the outer wall. The distance between the
construction columns is not more than 2 times the wall height. When there are no
columns at the end of the outer wall, the reinforced concrete construction columns are
set at a length of more than 1 meter. When less than 1 meter, reinforced concrete
frame is set. When the width of the outer wall window hole is greater than 2.1 meters,
the top surface of the window skirt wall is provided with a cast-in-place belt, the
width of the opening is greater than 3 meters, and the structural column is arranged in
the middle of the window skirt wall, and the spacing between the structural columns
is not more than 2.5 meters.
(5) The cross-section width of the structural column is not less than the wall
width, the longitudinal reinforcement is 4 φ12 grade III steel, anchored into the beam
and slab is not less than 500, the stirrup φ6@200, the upper and lower ends are
encrypted to 100 within the range of 600, the structural column and the wall are The
pull knot is the same as the frame column pull knot.
(6) the position of the steel cast strip ribs is not less than 2φ8, anchored into the
structural columns or frame columns 280, when not anchored into the curved corner
700, reinforced with long pass situ setting, or lap length of not less than 35d.
(7) When plastering a block wall, hang a 300-width steel mesh at the junction of
the wall and the frame columns and beams. At the location where the pipeline is
grooved, fill the pipeline groove with C20 fine stone concrete, and then hang a 300-
width steel plate. Then plaster after the net.
2. Construction steps
(1) Leveling: Before masonry, the axis position and elevation of each floor
should be determined on the floor surface, and the allowable deviation is ±5mm.
(2) Pay-off: on the floor surface, use theodolite or vertical ball to lead each axis,
pop up the edge of each wall, draw the position of the door and window, and use the

45
vertical ball to check whether the door and window position of each floor is on the
same vertical line.
(3) Number of vertical rod sheath: This sheath number bar should each skin
masonry mortar joint thickness and height (8 ~ 12mm), and the high hole windows,
and the like through the elevation position of the beam, the wall angle (T, L-shaped)
piled Ladder shape, as the control standard of masonry.
(4) Arrange the masonry: On the floor of the good line, pre-arrange according to
the combined plane of the masonry arrangement diagram, especially the positions of
doors, windows, openings and wall stacks should conform to the modulus. Arrange
the masonry from one big corner (corner wall or L-shaped wall) of the house to
another big corner. The block should leave 8~ 12mm gap, hang the line after
arranging, and then put the three-line brick on the bottom. Well, as the masonry
standard for the upper brick masonry.
(5) Hanging line: In order to ensure that the wall is vertical and flat, a hanging
line must be hung during masonry.
(6) Masonry: The masonry adopts the "plastering and squeezing method". First,
use a trowel to spread the mortar on the peripheral rib of the bottom surface (reverse
masonry) of the brick, and the length of the ash is 2~3m, and then Plaster the ends of
the masonry to be laid, and then carry the masonry with both hands for squeezing.
The masonry should be horizontal and vertical, and the gray joints are full and dense.
(7) Jointing: In the process of masonry wall building, the construction method
that the original slurry follows the jointing should be adopted. The horizontal joint
should be hooked first, and then the vertical joint should be hooked. Mortar joints and
masonry surfaces should be smooth, dense, without losing joints, cracks and other
defects bond is not strong, in order to avoid water seepage walls and open crack, is
not conducive to wall painting and decoration.
3. Construction treatment measures
In the wall design, it is required to reserve holes, pipes, trenches, doors and
windows, and set embedded parts. In order to ensure the integrity of the wall, it is

46
strictly forbidden to drill holes in the wall afterwards. Take the following measures
during construction:
(1) Installation doors: first dip asphalt embedded in a masonry wall wooden
bricks (a general door opening by six blocks each wooden bricks), surrounded with a
fill-level fine aggregate concrete C15 solid.
(2) Installation of doors and windows: T-shaped or U-shaped steel bars (with φ8
steel bars) are built into the mortar joints of the block walls in advance (two doors and
windows are installed on each side). When installing doors and windows, Secure with
rivets.
(3) Laying treatment of water, electricity and pipes: wall masonry and pipeline
laying should be synchronized, horizontal pipelines can be installed under beams or
beam orifice plates, and vertical pipelines should be pre-buried in blocks with the
progress of masonry In the masonry (the No. 12 iron wire is inserted into the electric
wire pipe for standby). Switch box, junction box, socket box, etc., and the gap
between the block should be C15 grade fine stone concrete, or use 1:2 mortar
embedding and filling to ensure the installation quality of water and electric pipelines.
4. Quality assurance measures
(1) It is strictly forbidden to chisel on the wall: the holes, pipes, trenches and
embedded parts specified in the design must be reserved or pre-buried before
masonry, and chiseling on the built wall is strictly prohibited.
(2) The reservation and treatment of the scaffolding eye: try not to install the
scaffolding eye in the wall. If it is necessary, it can be built with 1/2 brick side when
the scaffolding eye should be left. Masonry. The side masonry uses its holes as
scaffold eyes. After the masonry is completed, C15 concrete is used to fill the scaffold
eyes. Anti-blocking is to not disrupt the method of building. No scaffold eyes should
be left in the following parts of the wall: within the triangular range of the upper part
of the lintel and the lintel at a 60-degree angle; the window wall with a width of less
than 800mm; within 200mm on both sides of the door and window opening and
within 400m of the wall junction.

47
6.3.6 Scaffolding works

This project outside the cage mining landing double pole double scaffolding,
scaffolding structure using full house, masonry construction, built-in repair scaffold
erection activities; decoration of outdoor floor-erection unloading platform. The
safety protection of the outer frame adopts a dense mesh mute safety net.
1. Construction preparation
(1) Familiar with the construction drawings, understand the structure of the
building, such as the geometric size, the position of the door and window opening,
and the foundation around the building.
(2) Organize the entry of scaffolding materials according to the requirements of
the regulations, and conduct inspection and acceptance according to relevant
regulations. Can only be used after passing the acceptance. And they are sorted and
stacked according to varieties and specifications. The stacking site should be solid and
stable, and have certain drainage measures.
(3) Level the site and process the foundation of the rack. The treated foundation
should meet the relevant requirements for scaffolding.
(4) Set clear drains around the shelves.
(5) After the basic acceptance of the scaffolding is passed, the wire can be placed
for positioning.
(6) the ride should be set before the organization of professional and technical
personnel correspondent, tests, and make records.
2. Material requirements
(1) φ48×3.6 steel pipe is used.
(2) Anyone with severe corrosion, bending, flattening or cracking is forbidden to
use.
(3) Fasteners should be used in conjunction with the rack tube and have a factory
certificate.
(4) The weight of a single scaffold board must not exceed 30kg.
(5) The safety net bears a load of more than 169kg per square meter; the dead net
and broken net shall not be used.

48
 (6) Attached wall parts, connected wall parts, embedded parts, etc. should meet
the technical requirements of Q235A steel.
3. Construction requirements
(1) Load requirements
For the construction of the main structure, the load on each step frame shall not
exceed 3.0kN/㎡ During the decoration stage, the load on each rack should not
exceed 2.0kN/m 2. At the same time, the operation floor should be separated by at
least three steps.
(2) Order of scaffolding
Earthwork backfilling → foundation treatment → laying pads and bases →
vertical poles to sweep the ground rods and toss support at the same time → erection
of horizontal rods and connecting walls → erection of scissors supports → laying of
scaffolding boards → installation of skirting boards and railings → hanging safety
nets.
(3) Basic requirements for scaffolding
A backfill given to hierarchical compaction, the compaction coefficient is not
less than 0.95, backfill from the edge of the external walls of a thickness of 200
spread, 2000 wide compacted gravel. 50-thick long planks are laid longitudinally
under the scaffolding pole. The scaffold pads do not shake, and the base does not slide
or sink. Drainage ditches are provided around the scaffolding.
(4) The main points of scaffolding
1) Erection principle: horizontal and vertical, safe connection and reliable
protection.
2) The allowable deviation of scaffolding shall meet the requirements of relevant
regulations.
  3) The width of each scissors support is 3 steps and 4 spans, and the spacing
between the scissors support is not more than 15m.
  4) The connecting wall poles are arranged every two steps in the vertical
direction, and there are 3 to 4 vertical poles at a horizontal distance.
  5) The installation of each rod

49
 ① Set up the poles: the bottom poles should be spaced with steel tubes of
different lengths, the joints of adjacent poles should be staggered, the staggered
distance should not be less than 500mm, and should not be within the same step. The
pole joints are connected with butt fasteners. When erecting the first pole, every 6
spans, a diagonal brace should be temporarily set at an angle of 45° to 60° in pairs
with the ground, until the fixed rod is set up and removed according to the actual
situation. The top of the pole should be 1m higher than the top of the parapet wall,
and not less than 1.5m above the cornice epithelium.
②Establishment of sweeping rods: The vertical and horizontal sweeping rods are
set 200mm upwards from the base of each vertical rod, and connected to the vertical
rods with right-angle fasteners. When the base heights of the uprights are not at the
same height, extend the overlying longitudinal sweeping bar to the lower part by two
spans and fix it with the low-span uprights.
③ erection ledger: Large steel bar across a length of not less than 3, with the butt
joint fastener which is connected to the wrong joint opening, not across the same.
Ledger and upright posts connected at the intersection at right angles to the fixing
fasteners.
④Establish small crossbars: The distance between the small crossbars of double-
row scaffolding and the decorative surface of the wall is generally 150~200mm, and
the length of the small crossbars of single-row scaffolding extending into the wall is
not less than 180mm. A wooden scaffolding board is used, and the small crossbar is
placed above the large crossbar; a small crossbar is set at the intersection of the
vertical bar and the large crossbar, the distance from the vertical bar is not more than
55mm, and it is strictly forbidden to remove it at will.
⑤ Set up connecting rods: In order to prevent the scaffolding from overturning
inside and outside, the vertical poles are set up with rigid fixing parts from the first
large crossbar to connect with the building reliably. When the scaffolding height is
less than 24m, galvanized iron wire or diameter can also be used The 6.5mm
reinforced steel brace flexible fixings are connected to the building; however, they

50
must be equipped with top-supported concrete beams, columns and other structural
parts. The tie-bonding wire is twisted into two using 8 strands of iron wire and the
fixing is connected to the wall point The wall should have sufficient strength, the
concrete strength at the anchoring point is not less than 15Mpa, the distance between
the fixing member and the operating layer is not more than two steps, and when it is
exceeded, temporary stabilization measures are taken under the operating layer until
the fixing member is set up It can be removed at the rear. When it is difficult to install
fixing parts at the lower part of the scaffolding, throwing supports can be provided.
The throwing supports should adopt butt-connected long rods. The upper end of the
scaffold should be fixed on the outer vertical pole or longitudinal horizontal pole with
a rotating fastener, and the lower end should be connected with steel pipes or cables.
The scaffolding is connected and fixed.
⑥Establish scissors support: The scissors support is set on the outside of the
scaffold. The joint is made of double steel pipe joints. The joint length is not less than
1m and not less than 2 rotary fasteners. The fixed spacing is not less than 800mm. The
rotary fasteners are fixed on the pole or a small bar projecting out of the end of its
central node from the cross-dot pitch should not exceed 150mm.
⑦Install the fastener: the butt fastener connected to the large crossbar, the
opening should face the inside of the shelf, the bolt should be upward to prevent
rainwater from entering, when tightening the fastener bolt, the tightening torque is
generally 50KN.m, and the maximum is not more than 60KN. m.
⑧Footguards with railings: From the second step, railings and footguards should
be installed on the outer side of the scaffolding operation layer. The height of the
upper railing is 1.2m, the height of the middle railing is 500 meters from the operation
layer, and the height of the footrest is not less than 150mm.
⑨Laying the scaffolding board: The scaffolding board should be fully covered
and laid firmly, and there should be no probe board. The wooden scaffold board is
fastened to the small cross bar on the side and end of the wall to prevent slipping.
When the scaffold board is laid opposite, there should be a small cross bar under the

51
end of each board. The small cross bar is not more than 150 mm away from the end of
the board .
⑩The load-bearing platform and scaffold must be erected separately.
4. Scaffolding removal
(1) After preparation of the demolition plan, it can only be demolished after
approval.
(2) The scaffolding should be removed from top to bottom in one step in the
horizontal direction and then in the next step.
(3) Before removing, the trash and debris on the scaffold board should be
removed. Throwing down from above is strictly prohibited.
(4) When dismantling the scaffolding, set a special person to take care of it, draw
out a safe area, and set up a warning sign.
(5) When disassembling the outer frame, the wall finish should be cleaned and
protected.
(6) If local scaffolding needs to be retained, special reinforcement technical
measures should be added, which can be used only after approval by the person in
charge of technology and acceptance by the security department of the management
department.
(7) Demolition sequence of scaffold: dismantle safety net → foot guard →
scaffold board → remove small cross bar → remove scissors support → remove
connecting wall bar → remove large cross bar → remove upright bar → remove
diagonal bar.
5. Safety and maintenance of scaffolding
(1) The operation floor and pedestrian walkway boards must be fully covered,
and the board ends should rest on the small crossbar. The lap joint on the same row of
bars is greater than 200. It is strictly forbidden to have a probe board. Wooden
scaffold boards are all tied with 8# wire.
(2) A 1200mm high safety bar is set on the outside of the operation level, and a
middle railing is set 500 meters above the operation level.

52
 (3) Safety net layout: Safety nets need to be installed on the outside of the outer
scaffolding for fully enclosed enclosure to ensure construction safety. The safety net
after being supported should be able to withstand the impact force of 160kg, and any
mold, leaks, etc. shall not be used. When erecting a horizontal safety net, its extension
width should be greater than 2m, the outer mouth should be higher than the inner
mouth, and the lap should be firm. The sloping rod should be anchored to the ground
firmly at every certain distance. The safety net should rise with the construction
progress of the floor.
(4) Lightning protection measures: It is strictly forbidden to contact the live body
during the use of the scaffold. In addition, if the external scaffolding is in
thunderstorm season, lightning protection measures should be set.
6. General rules and requirements for scaffolding
(1) The end cut of the steel pipe of the scaffolding is flat, and it is forbidden to
use the steel pipe that has been severely deformed, cracked and corroded. The
accessories of the scaffolding meet the requirements of the product specifications.
(2) Before the scaffolding is erected, the steel pipes and fittings entering the site
must be strictly inspected, and it is prohibited to use pole fittings whose specifications
and quality do not meet the requirements.
(3) Scaffolding erection work, must, in strict accordance with the existing
construction specifications and design under a unified command, subject to change,
you must obtain the consent of the relevant technical director, to ensure that the feet
were under construction scaffolding safety of the premise.
(4) The scaffold scissor supports are set in three steps and four spans. Pay
attention to the degree of tightness when installing the connecting wall poles to avoid
instability of the rods and the entire shelf.
(5) When workers are setting up on the rack, a certain number of scaffolding
boards should be laid on the working surface and temporarily fixed. Workers must
wear safety helmets and hang safety ropes, and do not carry out heavy components

53
and other operations that are prone to instability, disengagement, collision, and
slipping.
(6) The construction load of the scaffold shall not exceed 2kN/m, shall not cross
operation, shall not be used as the unloading load-bearing platform, or shall be
connected to the unloading platform.
(7) It is forbidden to dismantle the basic components of the scaffold at will
during the operation. When the integral components and other structural parts are
indeed dismantled due to the operation, they need to be approved by the competent
department, and the treatment measures should be taken and restored after the
operation.
(8) Workers should pay attention to strengthening self-protection when working
on the rack, to avoid collision, loss and falling objects. It is strictly forbidden to play
on the rack or rest on the railing of the rack. Climbing scaffolding.
(9) When each worker works on the rack, first check whether there is any
problem that affects the safety of the operation. After the problem is eliminated and
resolved, the operation may be started. During the operation, if a danger is found, the
operation should be stopped immediately and the inspection can be carried out to
solve the normal operation. After the abnormal danger is found, the operator on the
shelf should be notified immediately.
(10) After each step of the rack is completed, the remaining rack materials and
items must be moved to the upper or lower racks or indoors, the rack surface should
be cleaned before the daily work, and the fallable objects on the rack surface should
be received to a safe place. During the operation, regularly clean up the water level of
protection in the garbage debris, non-top-down throw throw objects, garbage.
(11) The scaffolding is removed in a predetermined order. During the removal
process, all the loosened rods should be transported away in time to avoid
missupporting or relying on loose connections. The removed rack materials must be
removed in time. Transport away in a safe way. During the demolition process,
coordination and coordination work should be done.

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6.3.7 Decoration works

1. Overall arrangement and requirements

(1) During the construction of the project, the exterior wall decoration is
completed from top to bottom. Before the renovation project begins, each sub-project
will be modeled first, and it can only be formally started after being accepted by the
supervision engineer.
(2) organization of professional construction team, each share of each sub-
decoration works, the implementation of a given task, given the quality standards set,
given time, subcontracting to the group, the implementation of high-quality heavy
overcapacity Award, low-quality heavy penalties, quality assurance, guarantee period.
(3) For material supply, samples must be submitted to the design before ordering,
and can be purchased after the owner's review. For materials that are prone to color
differences and poor specifications, the same manufacturer and the same batch of
products should be selected.
2. Decoration Engineering
(1) Plastering works
1) Construction preparation
①The structural engineering passed the quality inspection and acceptance by the
management department and the owner.
②The construction water and maintenance water for plastering will be taken over
from the branch pipe near the site's water-level layout.
③The scaffolding, scaffolding, and safety protection facilities for plastering the
outer wall are set up. Pay attention that the shelf is 200 to 250 mm away from the
wall.
④Remove the dust, dirt and oil stains on the wall surface, and then use the brush
to spray the water or moisten it with spray water (depending on the weather, on-site
control).
⑤ The protruding parts of the wall surface are leveled; after the honeycomb,
pitted surface, loose parts, etc. are removed to the solid place, 1:2.5 cement mortar is

55
used for layering and leveling. Exposed lead wires are removed. Holes are tightly
plugged; honeycombs, depressions, missing edges and corners should be filled and
smoothed.
⑥ After watering and wetting the wall, use a broom to throw a layer 1:1:1
(volume ratio): cement: interface agent: cement mortar of sand, the throwing point
should be uniform, watering and curing after final setting, until the cement mortar
lump, All stick to the smooth surface of the concrete and have a higher strength (do
not move by hand).
2) Plastering mortar
① After plastering mortar is strictly calculated and mixed, its mix ratio and
consistency can only be used after passing inspection. Cement mortar and mortar
mixed with cement or gypsum must be used before initial setting.
②Cement must be retested in accordance with the requirements of the
specification before use. If the date of delivery exceeds 3 months, the test should be
reviewed and used according to the test results. Unqualified products resolutely
withdraw from the field, and the use of waste cement is strictly prohibited.
③ The sand is medium sand with a mud content of ≤5% (must be reflected in the
test report), and must not contain harmful impurities such as grass roots and other
organic matter. Before use, pass a sieve of different apertures according to the
requirements of use.
3) Construction process
Caulking around doors and windows → Dust and dirt cleaning on walls →
Watering and moistening walls → Straighten up, find rules, paste lime cake →
Cement sills → Bottom and middle ash → Sticky grid (first spring line) → Wipe the
surface cement mortar.
4) Technical measures
① Hang vertically, find rules, paste gray cake
Before plastering the bottom layer, you must find out the rules, that is, the large
angle of the outer wall is vertical, the horizontal line of the wall is leveled, and the
vertical line is straight. When pasting gray cakes, first make a standard cake on the

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left and right corners of the wall, then use a hammer to hang the vertical line to make
two standard cakes on the wall corner, set at the mouth of the footing, and then pull
between the two standard faces on the left and right of the corner Connect the line,
make the middle gray cake, the distance is 500mm, and add the gray cake on the
upper and lower corners of the door and window.
②Plastered mortar window board
First clean the base of the window sill, and repair the broken and loose bricks
with cement mortar again. Pour through with water, then pave with 1:2:3 bean stone
concrete, the thickness is not less than 25mm. The next day, apply 1:1:3 cement
mortar to the surface, compact and Smear, and maintain for 2 to 3 days. The mouth
should be straight and free of burrs.
③ Wipe the bottom and middle mortar
Wipe the bottom layer when the wall is wet, first brush the cement slurry, and
then wipe the bottom ash with the brush. The bottom ash uses 1:3 cement mortar with
a thickness of 5-7mm. After the bottom ash is a little dry, the middle ash is plastered
with the same mortar with a thickness of 7-9mm. If the middle layer of ash is too
thick, it should be applied separately. Then take the gray cake as the standard, use a
pressure ruler to level and straighten, and rub the hair with a wooden wiper. After
rubbing the middle layer of ash, comprehensively check whether its verticality,
flatness, and yin-yang angles are square and straight. If problems are found, repair
them (or rework) in time.
④Plaster mortar
The next day after the middle mortar is applied, the surface mortar can be
applied. First sprinkle the wall surface, bounce the grid line according to the size
specified in the drawing, stick the grid drip trough, and wipe the surface mortar. The
surface layer uses 1:2.5 cement mortar with a thickness of 5-8mm. When wiping, first
scrape a thin layer of ash so that it adheres firmly to the bottom ash, then wipe the
second layer, and level with the grid. Scrape it horizontally and horizontally with a
large bar, rub the wooden trowel flat, and smooth it with iron trowel. TABLE be

57
surface after no clear water, in the vertical direction with a brush dipped in water,
lightly again to ensure uniform color of the plaster surface of the surface layer to
reduce shrinkage cracks. Remove the grid strips in time, and after the ash layer dries
out, hook the seam with plain cement. For the difficult-to-be-divided bars, wait for the
gray layer to dry before stripping to prevent bad edges.
⑤Drip line (slot)
Make water slopes on cornices, window sills, window eyebrows, awnings,
pressure ceilings and convex lines protruding from the wall.
3. Wall coating project
(1) Process flow
Primary treatment → Leveling → Scrape putty → Close the bottom layer →
Apply paint.
(2) Construction method
1) Primary treatment
Check the flatness and verticality of the wall surface, the squareness of the yin
and yang angles, and the straightness of the opening, and at the same time remove the
dirt and residual mortar on the wall surface, and spray it with water to moisten it.
Where the edges and corners are missing, the polymer cement mortar should be used
to repair it completely.
2) Leveling
The cement lime mortar with 5mm thickness is leveled to ensure that the flatness
of the surface, the verticality of the yin-yang angle, and the squareness of the yin-yang
angle meet the specifications.
3) Scrape putty
After the leveling layer is completely dry, scrape the putty three times. The first
pass is to partially fill its holes, pits, gaps and irregularities. After the sandpaper is dry,
wipe it flat, and scrape it horizontally for the second pass. The scraping must be
smooth and even, the lines, corners and edges should be neat, as thin as possible, and
the joints should not be left. After drying, use a sandpaper to clean the sand. Scrape
the putty again in the third pass, which has the same requirements as the second putty,

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but the brushing direction is perpendicular to it. After drying, it is also smoothed with
sandpaper.
4) Close the bottom
After completely dry putty and base layer, a primer emulsion brushing closed,
the underlying be sealed closed.
5) Apply paint
After the emulsion primer is dried for 2-3 hours, brush the topcoat twice, and the
interval between the two coats is 4 hours. After finishing the two coats, it should be
dried for more than 24h.
(3) Quality control requirements and standards
1) The paint coating engineering grade, material variety and color should meet
the design requirements and relevant standards.
2) It is strictly forbidden to peel off the paint, leak the brush and penetrate the
bottom.
3) There is no sag or wrinkle on the large surface, and there is no sag or wrinkle
on the small surface.
4) The deviation of the decorative line is ≤1mm (5m small line inspection), the
smoothness and brightness are uniform.
5) The color is consistent and there is no obvious brush pattern.
6) Quality standards and inspection methods for paint coating engineering.
6.3.8 Drainage construction

1. Construction of concrete ditch 

(1) Construction process:Measurement pay-off→Mechanical
excavation→Vertical formwork→Manual excavation and
trimming→Sprinkling→Concrete pouring→Sprinkling with geotextile.
(2) Key points of quality control
1) Strictly control the height of excavation. The principle of excavation is to dig
less and not to over-dig. Retain about 20cm above the base level by manual
excavation and repair, to prevent the backfill soil from being effectively compacted at
the later stage, which is prone to collapse.

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 2) During the process of concrete pouring, the wire should be pulled and the
outside vertical formwork should be used to control the outside elevation, line type
and width of the side ditch. For segregation, after the initial setting time of the
concrete should be cleaned prohibit secondary mixing with water and then into the
ditch, the thin layer of prohibited subsidies, pouring process to protect the
existing pavement.
3) The appearance quality requirements of the concrete side ditch: the line is
straight and the water chestnuts are distinct. The concrete surface is smooth and
smooth without honeycomb pits. The size of the side ditch meets the design
requirements.
4) After the concrete side ditch is poured, the geotextile should be covered in
time and sprinkled for curing, and the curing time should be no less than 7 days. After
28 days, the rebound strength should be used to test the concrete strength.
5) For the construction of the cover plate ditch, the cover plate shall be installed
after the concrete of the side wall of the ditch reaches the design strength.
2. Construction of drainage pipes and culverts
(1) Construction process: Measurement of pay-off→Foundation pit excavation
and backfill sand cushion→Pipe foundation construction→Pipe installation→Pipe
joint treatment→Waterproof layer→Concrete wrap→Backfill.
(2) Key points of quality control
1) In order to avoid disturbance to the basement, about 20 cm above the
basement level should be reserved and manually trimmed before the sand cushion is
backfilled. After the excavation is completed, the bearing capacity of
the foundation will be tested. If the bearing capacity cannot be met, it should be
replaced with a 20-cm layer of gravel soil or gravel.
2) Concrete pouring requirements: In order to prevent the segregation of
concrete, the free-falling height of direct dumping should not exceed 2m. If it exceeds
2m, it should fall through the chute. Concrete pouring must be vibrated with vibrating
rods, and the vibrating duration of each vibrating point should be 20-30s, to the extent

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that the concrete stops under the layer and the surface of the bubble does not appear
and the floating slurry appears.
3) When the strength of the foundation concrete reaches a certain strength, the
prefabricated qualified culvert pipe is transported to the construction site, and the pipe
culvert is hoisted in place using a crane. The joints of pipe joints are sealed with
concrete or mortar to prevent water seepage.
4) The two sides of the pipe and culvert should be layered and evenly poured to
prevent the pipe culvert from shifting and floating.

6.3.9 Road construction

1.Construction process: Construction preparation→Stakeout

measurement→Earth excavation→Subgrade consolidation→Subgrade
compaction→Paving of gravel pavement→Compactness inspection→Delivery
acceptance. 
    2. Construction methods and technical measures
(1) Earthwork excavation construction: Due to the shallow excavation depth, it is
planned to arrange backhoe excavator and dump truck to cooperate with the
excavation and transportation of soil, within the range of 20mm close to the base, the
leveling will be assisted by manual excavation.    
(2) Ramming of theoriginal subgrade : A single steel roller compactor is used
to compact the roller 4 to 6 times. The specific roller compaction parameters will be
determined by the site at that time. In the corner structure is not easy to compaction
and compaction machines should not be used near the site of the roller compacted
structure 1m range, complemented by a small tamper compaction .    
(3) Cushion construction: the material of the cushion layer should be selected
according to the design requirements, the thickness of the laying should meet the
design requirements, and those that need to be rolled should be rolled according to the
requirements.    
(4) Construction of gravel pavement    

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 1) Subgrade filling and compaction operation: the filler is paved, leveled, and
wetted by watering, and requires roller compaction after watering, and the number of
roller compaction passes is determined by experiment. The rolling width of the
construction track should not be less than 0.1m, and the driving speed when rolling is
2km/h. The overlapping position is not less than 0.5m in the direction of the parallel
road axis. Drive along the direction of the road axis. The corner parts that cannot be
crushed by machinery are tamped by a frog-type ramming machine, and locally
rammed by wood ramming. Field dump truck transport gravel stone on construction
sites and to carry out road surface construction, field work surface human labor
movement to paving, the paving thickness should meet the design requirements, then
the vibration compacting roller. The quality of the gravel material should meet the
requirements of the specification, and it should be well graded , and no phenomenon
of excessive particle size should occur. 
2) pavement construction 
① Paving gravel stone : will be prepared stone by loose laying a shop full
thickness. The loosening coefficient is about 1.2 to 1.3, and the paving is carried out
according to the width and thickness required by the design. 
② Rolling: the purpose of the early grind gravel stone between the particles
tightly rolled, but the package still leaves a number of gaps , so that mud can sink into
it. Therefore, it is appropriate to choose a vibratory roller for rolling. The number of
times of rolling is not more than 2 to 4 times, and the degree of rolling is until the
gravel material is not loose. When the surface is dry and the interior is still in a semi-
wet state, use a vibratory roller to continue rolling until the wheel has no obvious
wheel traces and the material under the wheel is completely stable. After the rolling
process, rolling each 1 to 2 times, i.e., spreading a thin layer of stone chips and spread
evenly sweep, and then rolling, so that gravel stone slurry in the slit surface of the pan
to spread chippings adhered to the overall.  
③ Quality requirements: The surface should be smooth and solid, and there
should be no loose, spring and other phenomena. After rolling with a roller, there shall

62
be no obvious wheel marks. The surface layer shall be connected with other structures
without water accumulation. The allowable deviation of the appearance dimensions of
the pavement after construction shall meet the requirements of the specifications.
④ Health requirements: paving the road surface after rolling is completed, the
timing should sprinkler regimen than 7 days.

6.4 Reservoir construction

6.4.1 Description of construction methods

(1) Construction survey

① The construction survey of the project will be based on the design, the
coordinate points and elevation control points provided by the owner, combined with
the design general layout and construction general layout, to establish a plane control
network and elevation control network suitable for the project and inspection.
② The design, selection and slogan embedding of various control points should
comply with the specifications and the requirements of the owner. A detailed
measurement plan should be prepared by the measurement engineer before the project
starts.
③The plane control on the site uses the total station to measure, and the elevation
control uses the level, according to the procedures of preliminary determination,
precise measurement and re-measurement. Each control point during construction
should be properly protected and regularly inspected to prevent damage.
④All instruments and steel rulers should be sent to the Metrology Bureau for
verification before use.
(2) Basic treatment
The foundation treatment consists of foundation excavation and foundation
acceptance.
① Foundation excavation
The foundation excavation is carried out after the measurement of the line is
released, and the opening line of the excavation is sprinkled with white ash. The

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distance of the opening line from the plane projection line of the outer edge of the
pool wall is greater than 50cm. The excavation construction uses excavation for
excavation. If the excavator cannot handle the bedrock, use a hydraulic breaker to
crush the bedrock and then use the excavator to clear it. During the excavation
process, check the excavation elevation and excavation section position at any time.
Be very careful when approaching the foundation elevation of the building. A certain
protective layer can be reserved and then manually cleaned.
② Basic acceptance
After the foundation excavation is completed, the foundation acceptance should
be carried out in time, and the owner and supervision engineer should be organized to
conduct the foundation inspection trough; to avoid the foundation being exposed for
too long, it will be disturbed by rain, atmosphere and other factors, so as to repeatedly
clean the foundation.
(3) Scaffolding project
① All scaffolding supports are made of φ48 steel pipes and connected by
fasteners.
② Double-row scaffolding is built around the pool, and full support is built in the
pool.
③ For the scaffolding, the pole should be located on a solid base, or sleeper
footing should be added. To prevent its settlement, scaffolding should be equipped
with scissors support.
④ Before the construction of the scaffolding, make a safe technical explanation to
the operator.
(4) Reinforcement engineering
① Reinforcement shall be provided with documents such as certificate of
conformity. After entering the factory, the steel shall be visually inspected to prevent
corrosion and cracks.
② Rebar cutting and production: Steel bars are produced centrally in the steel bar
workshop, and the steel bar cutting table is compiled according to the unit, branch,
and project. The workshop production personnel will process the steel bar into semi-

64
finished products according to the data size on the table, classify and directly The logo
shall be transported to the site for lashing. If the steel bar cannot be lashed in time, it
shall have good defensive measures to avoid corrosion.
③ Reinforcement joint length: The joints of the steel bars are staggered according
to the percentage specified in the specifications. The steel bar joints should not be set
within the stirrup reinforcement area of the beam end and column end. In addition to
the design requirements, the lap length of the steel bar using lap joints is generally
35d for class I steel bars and 45 days for class II steel bars. The adjacent joints are
staggered by 1.30 times the lap length.
④ Reinforcement lashing should be carried out strictly according to the drawings,
to ensure its accurate position, uniform spacing, horizontal and vertical, and the
protective layer is controlled by prefabricated mortar pads.
(5) Formwork engineering
① Choice of formwork: Bamboo plywood formwork is used in this project,
100×50 mm wood stick is used for back support, φ48 steel pipe is used for support
reinforcement, and the wall of the pool is reinforced with tensile reinforcement
welded with water-stopping reinforcement.
② Before the formwork is supported, the steel bars, embedded parts, etc. should
be inspected and accepted together with the supervisor. Only after passing the
formwork can the formwork be installed. Before the formwork is supported, the
concrete release agent should be painted.
③ The formwork support must ensure the accuracy of the axis, elevation, and
geometric dimensions, the support must be firm, the template gap should be tightly
assembled, and the gap should be plugged with tape
(6) Concrete engineering
① concrete mixing plant production, tankers transported to the construction site,
the use of concrete pumped transported to the construction site.
② Before the concrete is poured, it should be checked together with the owner
and the supervisor, and the concealed engineering record must be signed before
pouring.

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 ③ Concrete should be poured sequentially in one direction. The free fall height of
the concrete should be controlled within 2 meters. If it is more than 2 meters,
scaffolding hanging slides are used to match the blanking. When the pool wall
concrete is poured, it is poured strictly in a clockwise and counterclockwise layer. The
thickness of the layer is 25 mm ~ 30 mm, and the depth of the vibration rod inserted
into the concrete does not exceed 35 mm to reduce the impact on the lower layer
concrete setting.
④ During the process of concrete pouring, standard test blocks of concrete should
be retained as required, indicating the construction site, date, label, etc., and a group
of important components or design requirements should be maintained according to
the same conditions.
⑤ concrete curing: After pouring the concrete, typically junction structure water
conservation of not less than 7 days.
(7) Construction joint treatment
①Construction joint treatment, when leaving the construction joint, install the
water-stopping steel plate, and when pouring concrete at the construction joint, the
compressive strength of the poured concrete should not be less than 1.2N/mm2, and
the cement film and loose stones should be removed And the weak concrete layer
should be fully moistened and rinsed out, and there should be no water accumulation.
Before pouring the concrete, lay a layer of cement mortar at the construction joint.
The concrete should be carefully tamped to make the new and old concrete tightly
combined.
②The concrete of the pool has the requirements of waterproof and anti-seepage.
Every process must be organized strictly, especially the seepage of the waterproof
agent should be measured by a special person, and the construction should be strictly
in accordance with the mix ratio. The concrete should be vibrated and compacted, and
no construction joints should be left on the bottom plate. The horizontal construction
joints on the pool wall should be left at 30 cm from the bottom plate, and steel plate
water stop should be installed.

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6.4.2 Reservoir full water test

1. Preparation for full water test

(1) Select a clean and sufficient water source, and prepare the water injection and
drainage system facilities and safety measures.
(2) The vents and manhole covers on the top of the pool have been installed, and
the necessary protective facilities and lighting signs have been fully equipped.
(3) Install the water level observation scale and calibrate the water level stylus.
2. Water filling
(1) The water filling in the pool should be carried out in three steps: the first
water filling is 1/3 of the designed water depth, the second water filling is 2/3 of the
design water depth, and the third water filling is to the design water depth.
(2) The water level rise speed during water filling should not exceed 2m/d, and
the interval between two adjacent water fillings should not be less than 24h.
(3) each filled with water should the water level drop value readings 24h
calculates seepage water, after the filling process and filling water, pool coping for
visual inspection. When it is found that the amount of water seepage is too large, the
water filling should be stopped, and the water filling can be continued after the
treatment is made.
3. Water level observation
(1) The water level when filling water can be measured with a water level ruler.
(2) When measuring the seepage volume from the water filled to the designed
water depth, the water level gauge should be used to measure the water level. The
reading accuracy of the water level stylus should be 1/10mm.
(3) The interval between filling the water to the designed water depth and
starting to measure the amount of water repair shall be not less than 24h.
(4) The interval between the initial reading and the final reading of the water
level should be 24h.
(5) continuous measurement time may vary depending on the actual
circumstances, such as the amount of seepage of the first day of assay standard,
should be measured again one day; the first day of assay such as the amount of

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seepage exceed the permitted allowable standards, and gradually decreased after
seepage, You can continue to extend the observation.

6.5 Electro-mechanical engineering

6.5.1 Pre-embedded pipeline

This project requires the construction of new water treatment plants and sewage
treatment plants, and the installation of treatment equipment is the most complicated.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the pre-embedded work reserved for the project,
especially the embedding of waterproof casing through external walls and other parts
must be in place at one time, and the quality of embedment must be strictly controlled
during the construction process.
In this project, flexible and rigid waterproof casings are used at the outer wall of
the project. The prefabricated casings are fixed according to the design requirements
before pouring concrete. The proofreading coordinates, elevation, and leveling are
qualified and poured once. After the fixed installation is completed, the filler is filled.
Cram it tight.
6.5.2 Electrical engineering

Power engineering includes power distribution system, power system, lighting

system, emergency power supply, lightning protection grounding system, etc.
6.5.3 Installation of professional equipment

1. Construction preparation
The technical staff compiles detailed construction plans according to the
construction drawings and the manufacturer's technical requirements, organizes the
relevant team members to learn, be familiar with the construction drawings, random
documents and related specifications, master the essentials of transportation,
installation and test run, carry out technical and safe disclosure, and prepare the
construction water source , power supply, and equipped with the necessary fire
protection and lighting equipment; clean up the site, to ensure smooth traffic, site

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clean; good layout storage warehouse, get ready construction equipment, measuring
and testing instruments, and in accordance Shi industrial equipment needs and
installation characteristics, ready Equipment transportation and lifting tools.
2. Unpacking and acceptance
(1) After the equipment arrives, count the random items, quantity and random
files for missing.
(2) Check the appearance quality of the equipment and check the related
dimensions for defects.
(3) The equipment that is not installed immediately should be sent to the
temporary equipment placement site, and the equipment stacked in the open air
should be well protected; the equipment of different materials should be stacked
separately, especially the storage of stainless steel and plastic material equipment
must use road wood Raise up and make a good mark.
3. The equipment is in place
(1) According to the site construction environment and the characteristics of the
equipment itself, select the appropriate lifting method to put the equipment in place.
The lifting operation in the monomer equipped with the lifting equipment can install
the lifting equipment first, and then install other equipment.
(2) Precautions for equipment hoisting in place
1) Equipment bundling, transportation and hoisting must follow the relevant
regulations and regulations of lifting and transportation.
2) Overweight hoisting is strictly prohibited. The slings used must be effective
and intact. Wire ropes are strictly prohibited to be placed in the open air.
3) It is strictly forbidden to hoist the wire rope to directly bind the surface of the
precision equipment or the finished surface of the equipment; when bundling the
stainless steel equipment, the wire rope used must be wrapped around the surface with
burlap or rubber sheet to prevent damage to the equipment.
4) All lifting operations must be carried out by a lifting worker holding a valid
certificate, and 1-2 lifting workers with lifting experience should be in charge.

69
 5) Lifting operation is strictly prohibited in the weather with rain or wind power
greater than 6, and the principle of "three no lifting" should be followed.
6) When hoisting long and tall equipment, tie the tail rope at the two ends or
bottom of the equipment to prevent the equipment from swinging during the hoisting
process, causing the equipment to collide with the crane boom and affecting the
normal operation of the hoisting, even threatening the safety of hoisting.
7) Hoisting the equipment, try to hoist it for 5 minutes first, and then lift it after it
is fully checked that there is no abnormality.
8) After the equipment is installed in place, the surface or finishing surface of the
equipment should be protected, and it must not be hit or knocked.
4. Equipment leveling and correction
(1) Leveling and leveling should be adjusted and measured according to the
reference points and lines on the equipment corresponding to the installed base line;
leveling should be performed in two orthogonal or more than two directions in the
same plane, used for leveling The adjustment of the horn is not allowed with loose
foot bolts or other methods of partial pressure.
(2) The measurement position of the moving equipment is leveled and leveled.
When the technical documentation of the equipment is not specified, it should be
selected from the following parts: the main working surface of the equipment; the
horizontal or main contour surface of the plumb on the equipment, and the original
Fixed measurement position. The static equipment needs to be re-inspected for its
verticality after leveling and correcting.
(3) The anchor bolt should be cleaned, the threaded part should be greased, and it
should be vertical when placed. There must be room for adjustment when the
equipment base is inserted into the anchor bolt, and there must be no jamming. The
contact between the nut, the washer and the equipment base is good.
(4) After the equipment is leveled with horns, tap it with a hammer to check its
tightness. There should be no looseness. After passing the inspection, perform spot

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welding on both sides of the horn group to fix the horn and the equipment base No
welding is allowed.
5. Equipment debugging
(1) Do the preparation work for stand-alone debugging
Before commissioning, the art at a predetermined position of a lubricating oil in
accordance with the device instructions, prior centrifugal pumps for irrigation water.
Check the hydraulic equipment for leaks or add hydraulic oil. Check the power supply
voltage and motor phase sequence in advance. Check the controller for a no-load test.
Manually crank the valve equipment and other equipment, and jog when the operation
is normal. Before starting the device, check whether the installation is firm and check
for looseness.
(2) Single machine debugging
Start by jogging first. When it is confirmed that it is normal, start it again. Run
for 3 to 5 minutes after starting, and continue to run for 1-2 hours after confirming
normal operation. Check the temperature of the device, preferably not higher than 50-
60 degrees Celsius, and check whether the working current of the device is within the
normal specified range. When the temperature and current When it is not within the
prescribed range, it should stop running in time, and then find out the specific reason
before continuing.
Each type of equipment should be functionally inspected according to its
functional characteristics. For example, when checking the blower, the valves and
gates on the air pipeline should be opened in advance, and the operation data should
be recorded to check whether the airtightness is good and whether the pipeline has
vibration. The dosing diaphragm pump should be carried out in the environment with
water during commissioning, so as to see whether the water pipeline is beating or
abnormal noise.
6. Equipment trial operation
The water treatment plant has water distribution, dosing, flocculation,
sedimentation and filtration, chlorination, effluent distribution, sludge treatment and

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automation systems. Sewage treatment plants include dosing, floating aerators,
chemical treatment, biochemical treatment, disinfection, sludge treatment, etc. After
the commissioning of the individual equipment, the trial operation of the entire water
treatment system and sewage treatment system is conducted. The trial operation time
is planned to be three weeks.
(1) The work that should be completed before the commissioning of the
equipment
1) The construction of equipment and its ancillary, pipeline, electrical,
instrumentation, etc. should be completed, and the construction records and materials
should be complete.
2) The precision leveling and geometric accuracy of the equipment are qualified;
the auxiliary devices such as lubrication, hydraulic pressure, cooling, water, steam,
electrical control, etc. should be inspected according to the system and meet the
requirements.
3) The required energy, media, materials, work tools, testing instruments, safety
protection facilities and appliances, etc., should meet the requirements for trial
operation.
4) The equipment and surrounding environment should be cleaned up.
(2) The work that should be completed during the commissioning of the
equipment
1) Adjust and test the electrical control system and instruments and make
records.
2) Inspection and adjustment tests and records of lubrication, hydraulic, steam,
dynamic, cooling and heating systems.
3) Equipment faculties and system test joint adjustment and recorded.
4) No-load trial operation, check and record the temperature, vibration, pressure,
etc. of the equipment during operation.
(3) The work to be completed after the commissioning of the equipment
1) Cut off the power supply and other moving sources.

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 2) Carry out necessary deflation, drainage or sewage and necessary anti-rust
oiling.
3) Depressurize the part that has residual pressure in the equipment.
4) According to the requirements of various equipment installation
specifications, the geometric accuracy of the equipment should be reviewed, and the
fastening parts should be tightened.
5) After the test run of the equipment, the cleanliness of the lubricant should be
checked, and the filter should be cleaned, and if necessary, replace with new oil.
6) Remove the temporary device during the trial operation, and install the
temporarily removed parts or attachments during the trial operation.
7) Clean up the site and sort out various records of trial operation.

6.6 Borehole drilling

The drilling process is constructed according to the specifications. All kinds of

casing, construction materials, filter materials, clay and other related materials must
be prepared according to the design requirements before drilling, and a certain margin
should be left and delivered to the site in time. Before construction, first measure and
position, determine the well position according to the requirements of the design plan,
and then perform site leveling and the rig in place.

6.6.1 Drilling construction process

Rig in place → Drilling → Hole forming→ Down tube → Backfill filter → Well
washing and pumping test → plugging seal.

6.6.2 The detailed construction methods and technical measures are as follows:

(1) Measuring pay-off

The engineer reference point for measurement is provided, the measuring person
to fix in advance each well rig sites, positioning tolerances size ≤ 10mm, each of the
discharge. 1 wells position, with a diameter of 25mm drill rod perforation 1m deep,

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and then to drill construction team management, construction project before the start
of the team leaders and workers re-inspection process technicians and application
engineers before construction approval.
(2) Drilling rig in place, drilling, hole forming, hole cleaning
Drilling rig in place: the installation of the drilling rig and ancillary equipment
must be basically solid, the installation is stable, the layout is reasonable, and it is
easy to operate; check the various parts of the drilling equipment, unqualified and
unused; the rotary table of the rotary drilling rig should be level, crane, turntable and
well The center of the hole must be on a straight line, the rig must ensure a firm
connection, the total weight of the drill tool should not exceed the weight specified in
the rig manual, the live core should be flexible, the axis of the wire rope and the loop
should be consistent , and no displacement during the rig process.
The drilling process uses a circular process. Critical Control Good tower vertical,
must pay attention to the first drill pipe drilling , this time the high center of gravity
drill , slurry feed tube eccentric force, easy to drill rock ; The hole diameter, hole
depth, the drill bit types and drilling Speed, pump head and soil quality, master the
scale, make drilling records, choose a suitable heavy-duty drill bit or install stabilizers
and guide devices to reduce drill bit, drill pipe swing problems and water deviation
caused by uneven soil quality. The inclination of the borehole should conform to the
specifications. If signs of hole inclination are found, it must be corrected in time; the
bending and wear of the drilling tool must be checked regularly. The verticality of the
drill rod should generally be ≤ 0.5%. During the drilling stop, the drill should be lifted
to the position of the safety hole section and cycled regularly.
Sampling should be carried out in time during the drilling process and the
stratum cataloging work should be done. Generally only the identification samples are
used. During impact drilling, the identification samples can be taken with a pump or a
drill bit. The identification samples collected should accurately reflect the burial
depth, lithology, structure and particle composition of the original stratum.
Hole formation: Drilling the borehole to a predetermined depth, the formation

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data should be recorded throughout the formation process, and the formation lithology
profile and water intake layer must be accurately determined through the physical
exploration well equipment, and then the casing, The water filter tubes are
sequentially discharged to maximize the alignment of the water filter tubes with the
water intake layer.
Hole cleaning: Use high-quality mud to clean the hole. When the specific gravity
of the sucked-out mud is less than 1.08g/cm ³ and the sand rate is less than 4%, the
final hole depth can be obtained.
(3) Down tube and backfill filter material
Before going down the pipe, first use a hole tester until it goes down to the
bottom of the well, then drill holes, change the slurry, make preparations for the down
pipe, arrange the pipe sequence, and prepare the bottom of the well pipe. Test tube
buckle or welding equipment, and ball clay, filter, sealing wells and other materials,
appliances strict quality inspection and check the number of unqualified shall not be
used to accurately measure the depth of the hole down tube.
The tube method using the hanger pipe welding sleeve tube is mounted on the
waterproof layer and the aqueous layer was not intended mining, drainage pipe
mounted in the mining of the aquifer. Sets of pipes, must filter pipe being connected,
the strength of the joint and installed into the well must meet quality requirements.
Filling filter material: gravel filling and well pipe sealing are an important part of
the well completion process. Filter using 2 - 3 mm sand filter, filter according to strict
screening standards, in addition to media design ready, but also to prepare a certain
margin, filling gravel must be continuous and uniform, suitable speed, to ensure the
infill, not Clogged. It is planned to use static water to control gravel during gravel
filling, and to achieve uniformity during continuous gravel filling. Measure the height
of the gravel and check the quantity in time.
Sealing outside the well tube: calculate the required amount of clay and the
planned filling depth according to the histogram of the well, and prepare a certain
margin, fill it in manually slowly, and fill in the side pressure to ensure reliable

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sealing outside the well tube.
(4) Well washing
In the process of drilling a well, mud and cuttings not only stay in the aquifer
around the well, but also form a layer of mud wall on the well wall. Well washing is
to eliminate the mud and well wall in the borehole and surrounding aquifer, At the
same time, some of the fine particles in the aquifer should be washed out, so that the
aquifer around the well will form a natural filter layer. Therefore, well washing is an
important process that affects the water output of wells. Well washing work should be
carried out immediately after the installation of well pipe, gravel filling, water stop
and external sealing of the pipe is completed and the mud in the well is cleaned with a
pumping cylinder to prevent the mud wall from hardening and causing difficulties in
well washing.
Wash wells and wash wells using compressed air piston pump wells washed two
methods: the use of fixed motor , 10 the pressure of the air compressor in the tube
wells wet soil, sand, mud and all the washing, to ensure that water reaches the normal
tube well, since drilling mud, use a piston pump wash well, wash well using a
displacement of 40 Dun / hour or more submersible pumps, washing sand content
after a pump wells must meet five minutes sand content is less than 1 / 10000 , less
than the normal amount of water sand 1/100000 .
(5) Pumping test
After washing the well, test the pumping, and take a water sample 30 minutes
after the water is pumped out. Before the end of the test pumping, water samples
should be taken for water quality analysis. The static water level is measured before
the pumping test, and the dynamic water level corresponding to the water output
should be measured when pumping. The maximum output of the pumping test shall
meet or exceed the designed output. During the pumping test, the number of water
level drops is generally 3 times, at least 2 times. Each time should maintain a certain
level of water drop value and the amount of effluent stable duration.
During the pumping test, in addition to carefully observing and recording the

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relevant data, the data should be collated on the spot in time to draw the relationship
curve between the water volume and the water level drop value, the relationship
between the water level and the water volume and time, and the water level recovery
curve, etc. Find the problem and deal with it in time.
(6) Sealing well and stopping water
Construct a well platform to protect the well.

7、Quality Assurance Measures

7.1 Quality policy, objectives and standards

The project department will always implement the quality policy of "quality first,
scientific management, honoring the contract, and customer satisfaction", implement
Zambia's relevant quality laws, regulations, acceptance procedures and relevant
standards, and carry out construction in strict accordance with contract documents and
drawings to ensure engineering Achievement of quality goals.
The quality goal of this project: excellent project, to ensure the safety, reliability,
durability, and beauty of the contracted project; the quality pass rate of the
intermediate inspection project is 100%, the quality rate of the completed project is
95%, and the satisfaction rate is more than 90%.

7.2 Establish and improve the quality assurance system

According to the construction tasks and characteristics of the project, with

quality objectives as the purpose and local standards as the guide, establish and
improve the quality assurance system of the project department, divide the work
reasonably, and make the responsibilities of each department and personnel clear, so
that every link of the construction is in In a controlled state, each process has a
"quality record" to achieve traceability of the entire construction process. In this
project, we have established a complete quality assurance system including thought

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assurance, organization assurance, and control assurance.

7.3 Organizational structure of quality management and its main

responsibilities

7.3.1 Organization of Quality Management

The quality management organization is an important part of the quality system

and the organizational guarantee for the operation of the quality system. In order to
ensure the effective operation of the quality assurance system, the first person in
charge of the project-the project manager as the team leader, the project production
manager, The chief engineer is the deputy leader, and the heads of the functional
departments are the members of the quality management leadership group. They plan,
organize, implement, inspect, supervise and manage the construction quality of the
project, and clarify the quality responsibilities of each department and personnel of
the project department. Reasonably allocate the elements of the quality system,
implement comprehensive quality management, and ensure the quality of project
construction.
The test engineers and all quality inspectors in the quality inspection system hold
a nationally recognized job certificate, and have good professional ethics and
professionalism. In this project, they have random supervision and inspection, random
sampling, forced rework, forced shutdown, and expulsion of poor construction. Staff
and operators.
7.3.2 Main responsibilities of quality management organization

(1) Quality responsibility of project manager

The project manager is the quality of project management leaders and organizers,
to ensure project quality play a decisive role. Its main responsibilities are:
The project manager is the first person in charge of the construction quality, who
is fully responsible for the construction quality of all projects, unified leadership of

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the project quality, and makes decisions on major issues to ensure construction
quality.
Educate employees on "100-year plan, quality first, customer first", and widely
mobilize the masses to carry out high-quality engineering activities.
(2) Quality responsibility of the project chief engineer
Responsible for the establishment, implementation and management of the
quality system, and maintain it.
Keep abreast of the project quality in a timely manner, and promote good quality
in a timely manner. Stop violations of construction procedures and operating
procedures in a timely manner and severely order them to stop work.
Carry out the implementation of various technical specifications, procedures and
quality management measures issued by the state and enterprises, and strictly check
the implementation during the construction process to prevent engineering quality
accidents.
Propose improvement measures on technical issues and quality issues to guide
the development of high-quality engineering activities. Have direct technical
responsibility for the quality of completed projects.
Presided over the project quality inspection, urged the Quality Supervision
Department to carry out sub-item and sub-project quality assessment, and presided
over the acceptance work.
To preside over the quality design of engineering projects. To preside over the
technical quality disclosure of important projects and new technologies and processes,
as well as the review, verification and approval of the control axis measurement of
key projects.
(3) Quality responsibility of project production manager
Correctly handle the relationship between construction quality and construction
progress, arrange construction procedures reasonably, and ensure project quality. Take
direct responsibility for unqualified projects and quality accidents.
Master the quality of engineering projects. Strictly implement the quality reward
and punishment system.

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 Organize the quality inspection of the engineering project once a month, and
personally organize the research on the main problems. Responsible for major quality
issues, and report to the relevant departments in time to be properly resolved.
(4) Quality Responsibilities of Business department
Responsible for the project's external business liaison, and correctly handle the
relationship between the project and local departments and management departments.
(5) Quality responsibility of engineering department
Conscientiously implement the technical specifications, procedures, quality
management measures and quality reward and punishment regulations issued by the
State, Enterprise and Management Department, responsible for the verification of
project quality, and be responsible for the quality of its work to ensure its accuracy.
Responsible for regular inspection and acceptance of construction project quality,
check the implementation of the "three inspection system" of the construction team
self-inspection, quality inspector re-inspection and quality inspection engineer final
inspection. Line construction in violation of procedures and practices to resolutely
stop, and issued a temporary stop-work order processing and Times competent
leadership, if necessary.
Responsible for the inspection and acceptance of concealed works, within the
time specified by the supervision, the quality inspection engineer, quality inspector
and the supervision professional engineer will jointly carry out the joint inspection of
the application acceptance site. After the joint inspection determines that all meet the
technical quality requirements, the supervision professional engineer will check the
acceptance certificate After signing, you can proceed with the construction of the next
process.
Check the quality of incoming raw materials, finished products, semi-finished
products, and spare parts in a timely manner, and put forward acceptance opinions and
handling opinions on unqualified products, and resolutely stop the use of unqualified
materials.

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 Responsible for the quality summary and statistical report of engineering
projects. Establish sub-items, sub-divisions, unit project quality accounts, hidden
danger notices and supervision liaison accounts, quality accident accounts and work
quality reward and penalty accounts, etc.
Timely report the annual, quarterly, and monthly project quality reports with
analysis summary.
Responsible for explaining the technical requirements and quality standards to
each operation team and team, and carefully checking the implementation during the
construction process, and has the right to correct and stop the teams and individuals
who violate the operation rules.
Supervise the survey team to locate the measurement axis of the construction
project, review the elevation of the leveling point in time, and bear direct technical
responsibility.
Supervise the test personnel to carry out on-site sampling and quality inspection
tests on the physical properties of concrete, steel bars, cement mortar, etc. as required,
and report the relevant inspection reports to relevant departments and leaders on time.
Supervise the mechanical materials department to master the quality standards of
raw materials, finished products and semi-finished products, and strictly prohibit the
supply of unqualified materials.
(6) Quality responsibilities of mechanical materials department
Responsible for the procurement of engineering construction materials and
equipment, in accordance with the construction schedule and quality requirements, to
ensure the matching supply of main materials and auxiliary materials on time, quality
and quantity, to ensure that the supply and demand connection is resolved
economically and reasonably, and to the purchased construction The quality of
materials and equipment is responsible.
Responsible for the daily management of the storage and acceptance of
engineering materials and equipment, warehousing and maintenance, control of the
distribution of materials, inventory, etc., establish and improve the management

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system of mechanical equipment, strengthen the repair and maintenance of
mechanical equipment, and ensure that the mechanical equipment is effective and
reasonable Use.
(7) The main duties of the laboratory
Test, inspection and measurement work on the project site.
Responsible for the supervision and inspection of construction raw materials and
the process test of construction, timely on-site sampling and quality inspection test of
concrete physical properties, steel bars, mortar, mixing water, etc. according to the
requirements of the construction technical specifications, and submit the inspection
results to the engineering department and the general on time Engineer report.
Responsible for project site measurement equipment and instrument
management; participate in quality analysis and research.

7.4 Quality management rules and regulations

(1) Pre-job training and post-licensing system. Before starting work, carry out
pre-employment quality education and skill training in combination with the actual
situation of the project, strengthen quality awareness, and improve labor skills.
Special types of workers undergo training, evaluation, and certification to go to work.
(2) Improve the post responsibility system. Implement post quality responsibility,
implement who manages, who is responsible for quality, who is responsible for
construction, who is responsible for quality, the right to use all construction personnel
firmly establish the "quality first" idea.
(3) Quality reward and punishment responsibility system. The project manager
and the construction personnel sign a quality responsibility letter. Construction who
follow the principle of who is responsible for the development project quality reward
and punishment system, so that the responsibilities, rights clear, reward and
punishment points out, to ensure that every step, every aspect have been effectively
controlled. Implement a one-vote veto for quality, and resolutely rework the processes
or parts that do not meet good standards. When implementing rewards and penalties,

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the project department shall take the form of regular inspection, random inspection,
owner inspection, and evaluation by the management department as the basis.
(4) The project quality is "one-vote veto system", and all construction plans and
methods must meet the requirements of construction quality.
(5) Implement the "Technical clarification" and "Quality clarification" systems.
Every day before the start of construction and before the start of the sub-projects and
before the start of the process, technical briefing will be carried out to clarify the
technical requirements and process requirements.
(6) Quality "three inspection system". Check, supervise and accept the quality,
and strictly control the quality of the project.
(7) Perfect material procurement, acceptance, and storage systems to ensure good
material quality. Materials must be inspected and tested in accordance with relevant
regulations before use. Qualified persons must be approved by the management
department before they can be used for construction. Unqualified materials are strictly
prohibited from entering the site. Incoming materials should be stacked in order and
sorted according to their varieties, specifications, manufacturers, ex-factory date,
inspection status, etc., and be marked.
(8) Periodic inspection degree of inspection, measurement and test equipment.
The inspection, measurement and test equipment used in the project must be verified
according to its verification cycle. Those that have not been verified or expired and
have not been checked shall not be used in the project.
(9) Promote the use of new technologies, new processes, new materials, and new
equipment systems to improve project quality and labor productivity. Regarding the
technology and quality difficulties in the project, focusing on the organization of
technical research teams and QC teams, the scientific and technical personnel who
have made contributions will be rewarded.
(10) Quality record archiving system degrees. Improve quality information
collection, sorting, filing and quality feedback to guide the quality control of project
construction. Develop excellent creation plan and total quality management (TQC)

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activity plan, improve the awareness of all construction personnel to create excellent,
carry out technical research, and improve the quality of the project and reduce costs.
(11) Quality management and inspection standards
All materials, equipment, construction technology and engineering quality
inspection and acceptance of this contract project shall be carried out in accordance
with the technical standards and regulations approved by the owner.

7.5 Quality control assurance measures

7.5.1 Quality assurance measures for construction preparation

(1) Project Chief Engineer tissue engineering department, laboratory technicians

and other departments to seriously study design drawings, preparation of detailed
construction design, and key parts of the complex structure, develop a detailed,
rigorous construction technical measures applied, within the specified time Report to
the supervisor for approval and make technical preparations.
(2) Purchasing department conducts market research on engineering equipment
and materials according to the requirements of design drawings, grasps the source and
quality of equipment and materials, and prepares a procurement plan. At the same
time, the procurement and storage part started urgently needed materials.
(3) The laboratory shall do inspection and test work of various raw materials.
(4) The engineering department performs measurement review, establishes the
control network and the measurement lofting of the partial projects according to the
design drawings.
(5) Before the construction, the technical staff shall clarify the operation
procedures, construction technical measures and construction requirements to the
construction staff.
(6) The construction machinery and equipment are in good repair before being
put into use, and are maintained and repaired according to the regulations to ensure
their normal use, and the construction quality of the project must not be affected due
to mechanical failure.

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 (7) Check whether the performance and accuracy of the test equipment meet the
needs of construction testing, control and identification.
(8) Photography or photographs are used to record the construction of the project
at each construction stage.

7.5.2 Quality assurance measures during construction

During the construction process, the five major factors that affect the quality of
the project "man, machine, material, method, and environment" are controlled. This is
an important part of quality management. We will strictly follow the design
documents and relevant regulations and specifications for construction. , The whole
process, comprehensive management and control.
(1) Control of personnel factors
a. Use skilled workers with high technical qualities, and operators of special
types of work pass the training and evaluation, and hold a certificate;
b. Carry out regular quality awareness education and skill training to promote the
improvement of the quality awareness and work skills of all employees.
(2) Control of mechanical equipment factors
a. Select mechanical equipment and tools with high technological content, good
performance and high accuracy;
b. Set the machine and personnel, regular maintenance, and responsibility to
ensure that the equipment is in good condition;
c. Regular maintenance, inspection and proofreading of measurement,
measurement and test equipment to ensure their integrity and accuracy.
(3) Control of raw material factors
a. The machine material department is a specialized material management
organization, equipped with a full-time material administrator;
b. There are special persons responsible for the inventory, acceptance and storage
of the purchased materials. Store the materials and equipment with the requirements
of rain, moisture and sun protection in the warehouse. The materials that are
temporarily stacked in the open air must be effectively protected to avoid natural or

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man-made destruction;
c, to approach the materials and engineering equipment, together with persons
concerned by the contractor inspection and delivery inspection, acceptance inspection
timber when the product certificate of quality certification, according to the provisions
of the contract inspection sampling equipment and engineering materials It can only
be used in this project after passing the test;
d. Raw materials that have not passed the inspection shall not be put into use.
The management personnel of the mechanical materials department should do a good
job of the inspection and test status identification of raw materials and engineering
equipment to avoid misuse of unqualified materials and engineering equipment during
construction.
(4) Control of method factors
a. Strictly implement China's relevant regulations, specifications, technical
standards, and acceptance standards, and organize scientifically and strictly;
b. Special technical measures must be formulated for complex parts, key parts,
key processes and key processes;
c. Carry out the technical disclosure system. Before starting each process, first
submit the report and then construct. Without technical disclosure, unclear process
and quality requirements, construction is not allowed;
d. The measurement and stakeout must be carried out before the construction of
some sub-projects. The construction process should be reviewed at any time. The
survey staff will serve the construction 24/7 to ensure the accuracy of the building
structure;
e. After the completion of each process, it must be inspected and accepted by the
construction team and self-inspection and full-time quality inspectors, and finally
accepted by the management department;
f. Carry out QC group activities in conjunction with construction, implement
comprehensive quality management, continuously improve processes, promote new
technologies and new achievements, and improve the level of construction
technology;

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 g. Carry out regular quality appraisal activities to reward good and punish bad,
and promote quality improvement.
(5) Control of environmental factors
a. Do a good job in weather forecast analysis as a basis for arranging production.
b. Pay close attention to favorable weather conditions for construction, equipped
with necessary rain and sun protection materials (such as rain cloth, sacks, etc.) to
ensure that the quality of the project is not affected by the climate.
c, with sufficient enough drainage facilities, water exclusion work area, to ensure
the construction carried out in a dry environment;
d. Maintain a clean and hygienic environment in the processing room, inside and
outside the production site, and on-site working surfaces, and carry out civilized
construction;
e. Equipped with sufficient capacity and quantity of lighting power and lighting
equipment to ensure sufficient illumination during night construction.
(6) Ex-post quality control measures
a. Check and accept the project in time after the project is completed, and rework
or repair if problems are found.
b. Formulate protection measures for finished products and semi-finished
products to ensure that they are intact during construction and before handover.
c. Sort out the relevant materials in time to ensure the completion of the project
is timely and complete, sum up the experience and lessons in time, and guide the
follow-up construction.
d. Do the quality return visit and warranty work during the warranty period.

7.6 Carry out technical research and innovation activities

During the construction of the project, our project department will actively adopt
new technologies, new materials, and new processes for construction according to the
requirements of the construction or supervision engineers, so as to ensure the quality
of the project and speed up the construction progress.

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 8、Safety and Occupational Health

8.1 Safety management

8.1.1 Policy and objective of production safety

(1) Safety policy

Safety first, prevention first, comprehensive management.
(2) Safety production goals
1. The number of deaths and serious injuries in employee casualties (including
acute poisoning accidents) is zero;
2. No acetylene and chlorine explosion accidents and fire accidents occur;
3. No accident of construction machinery safety responsibility;
4. There is no accident of power safety responsibility;
5. There will be no incidents of crimes against public security and crimes that
endanger the society;
6. No other liability accidents occur.
8.1.2 Principles of safe construction

Adhere to the principle of "safety first, prevention first, comprehensive

management", adhere to the "people-oriented" and "manage production must manage
safety" concepts, strengthen safety production publicity and education, establish and
improve all safety production management systems, with full-time and part-time jobs
Safety inspectors carry out safety production activities in an organized and planned
manner.
8.1.3 Safety assurance organization system

To ensure the implementation of the safety production goals and requirements of

the project, the project department has established the following safety production
guarantee system and continuously improved it during construction, and focused on
the safety production and process safety during construction to achieve coordinated
production.

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 (1) The safety management of this project adopts unified leadership and
hierarchical responsibility system. Project Department is responsible for the full range
of security management guidance, specific management by the project occupational
health and safety in production led to fulfill guide team of security responsibilities,
overall responsibility for project safety management; project daily safety authorities
for the safe, responsible for various departments, team security management and
Supervision; all departments and teams are responsible for the work safety
management of the unit.
(2) All builders must firmly establish the policy of "safety first, prevention first,
comprehensive governance", enhance the safety awareness of employees, obey safety
management, strictly abide by safety regulations, and ensure that production safety
focuses on prevention and prevention.
8.1.4 Safety management organization

1. Safety management organization

In accordance with the principle of "managing production must manage safety",
a safety management team headed by the project department manager is established,
and the safety management organization with the participation of various functional
departments, safety officers and the main responsible person of the construction team
forms a top-down safety management network.
8.1.5 Safety assurance measures

1. Safety production organization measures

Establish and improve the safety production management organization, set up a
safety production leadership group with the project manager as the team leader, and
be fully responsible for and lead the safety production work of this project. The
deputy manager in charge of production safety is the person directly responsible for
production safety, and the chief engineer is the technical person in charge of
production safety.
Institutional configuration: The project department has a full-time security
department. All teams are assigned full-time safety officers.

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 2. Safety production management measures
(1) Establish and improve various safety systems
According to the engineering characteristics, the development of the safety
management system targeted; the safe operation of various types of mechanical
systems; electrical safety system; construction job site safety system; to prevent
unexpected incidents measures; lifting operation safety systems; various security
Logo setting and maintenance measures, etc.
(2) Do a good job in safety production education and training
Before starting work, all employees involved in construction shall be given
safety education before taking up their jobs. For personnel engaged in special types of
work such as electrical appliances, lifting, working at heights, welding, motorized
driving, etc., after professional training and obtaining the "Safety Operation
Qualification Certificate", they shall be allowed to take up their posts.
(3) Solidly carry out safety production inspection
1) Safety inspection before starting work
The main contents include: whether the design of the construction organization is
safe, whether the construction machinery and equipment are equipped with safety
protection devices, whether the safety protection facilities meet the requirements,
whether the construction personnel have received safety education and training,
whether the construction safety responsibility system is established, and potential
accidents and emergency during construction Is there an emergency plan for the
situation.
2) Regular safety production inspection
Organize monthly safety production inspections, and actively cooperate with
superiors to carry out special and key inspections; teams conduct daily self-inspection,
mutual inspection, and hand-over inspection.
3) Regular safety checks
Security inspection engineers and security officers routinely conduct security
inspections. Key points for inspection: lifting operations, construction electricity,

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mechanical equipment, formwork, high-altitude operations, erection of supports,
construction of intersections, etc.
4) Professional safety inspection
For major hazard construction site, construction site security for special
operations, the use of construction site safety technology, on-site and medium-sized
equipment, transportation transfer, maintenance and inspection.
5) Special inspections on seasonal and holiday safety production
3. Basic safety management measures for mechanical equipment
(1) Formulate safe operation and maintenance procedures for machinery and
equipment, implement the post responsibility system, set up machines, set up
personnel, regular maintenance, and maintenance;
(2) The operators have passed the training of safety technology operation
procedures organized by the corresponding departments, passed the examination, and
hold a valid employment certificate;
(3) Before the operator takes the post, after checking the physical health status,
the personnel with contraindications are not allowed to engage in mechanical
operations;
(4) Mechanical operators often perform maintenance and repairs on mechanical
equipment, and regularly check with relevant departments;
(5) The machine must be checked for safety before each operation. It is strictly
forbidden to use it with disease, and the operator is strictly forbidden to drink;
(6) The mechanical operator leaves the mechanical equipment, parks the machine
steadily in a safe position according to the regulations, pulls on the braking device,
extinguishes the starting device and removes the starting key to lock the cab.
4. Safety guarantee measures for lifting operations
(1) Check the steel wire rope for lifting once a month and test it once a year;
(2) When the steel wire on the surface of the steel wire rope is worn or corroded
by more than 40% of the diameter of the steel wire, it should be scrapped or cut off;
(3) Before lifting, check the performance of the lifting equipment should be in
good condition, and the lifting steel wire rope is intact without broken strands;

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 (4) The lifting equipment is placed on the bearing capacity to meet the weight
requirements of itself and the hanging objects, otherwise the steel plate under the
supporting feet increases the bearing capacity;
(5) Before all kinds of objects are officially lifted, they should be tested and
confirmed to be reliable before they are officially lifted;
(6) Overload lifting is strictly prohibited, and standing under the boom is strictly
prohibited;
(7) Special personnel command and command norms.
5. Safety protection measures for high-altitude operations
Any work carried out at a high place where the fall height reference plane is
more than 2m (including 2m) is likely to fall, is called a high place operation.
(1) When working at heights, the following requirements should be noted:
①All personnel participating in high-altitude operations must pass the medical
examination of the doctor before they can perform high-altitude operations. Persons
suffering from mental illness, epilepsy, high blood pressure, severe visual and hearing
impairments are not allowed to work in high places. All workers participating in high
places should have safety education before starting work and pass the examination;
②Participants in high-altitude operations should wear safety helmets and safety
belts in accordance with the regulations, dress in accordance with the requirements for
high-altitude operations, wear soft-soled shoes, and do not wear shoes with nails and
slippery shoes. : One is not allowed to work in violation of regulations; two is not
allowed to drink before work and during working hours; three is not allowed to rest in
an unsafe position; four is not allowed to throw objects at will; five is not allowed to
work in high places with bad mental state ; six is not allowed Betting on fighting;
seven is not allowed to disturb machinery, fire fighting and dangerous supplies; eight
is not allowed to use safety supplies and appliances in violation of regulations; nine is
not allowed to chase and fight in high-altitude operation areas; ten is not allowed to
disassemble and damage safety supplies at will. Utensils and facilities;
③ The tools carried by workers in high places should be carefully kept in bags,
and the larger tools should be put in place and put in place. The materials in the

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construction area should be placed in a safe place that does not affect the passage, and
they must be bundled if necessary;
④Construction staff should adhere to the daily cleaning system before get off
work, so as to clean the site after construction. Working at heights at night must be
equipped with sufficient lighting;
⑤ The regulations on the standardization of safety facilities must be carefully
implemented and kept in sync with the construction progress. If you can't keep up
with the progress, the best security facilities will not help. Before the operation at high
places, the safety technical explanation should be carried out. The defects and hidden
dangers of the safety facilities during the operation must be resolved in time. When
the personal safety is endangered, the operation must be stopped;
⑥ Fences and warning signs should be set up in the danger zone of hoisting
construction to prevent pedestrians from passing and staying under hoisting objects.
Try to avoid the three-dimensional cross operation, the three-dimensional cross
operation must have corresponding safety protection and isolation measures, no
measures are strictly prohibited at the same time construction;
⑦ High altitude operations must have reliable protective measures. For example,
rigging, hanging cages, hanging baskets, platforms and other equipment used for
operations in suspended heights must be subject to technical appraisal or inspection
before they can be used. Construction can never be carried out without reliable
protective measures. Especially in particular, it is more difficult to take protective
measures for the construction of project facilities, but also to create conditions to
ensure the reliability of safety precautions. In the special construction environment,
there is no place to hang the safety belt. At this time, it is more necessary to find a
way to hang the protective equipment everywhere, and to be safe and reliable;
⑧ The materials used in high-altitude operations must be stably stacked, and
cannot be placed on the side. The aisles, aisles and climbing equipment in the
operation must be cleaned at any time. The disassembled materials, surplus materials
and waste materials should be cleaned up and transported away in time, and they

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should not be placed at random or discarded downwards. Any material that may fall in
the construction site must be removed or fixed in advance to prevent injury from
falling;
⑨Realize the on-site handover system. The former staff should explain the
relevant matters to the staff behind the job to prevent accidents from blind operation.
(2) protection measures applied
Attention should be paid to the following protection during the construction of
construction projects related to work at heights:
①"Three treasures" protection
A. Any person entering the construction site must wear a safety helmet according
to the standard.
B. Where working in high places or working in the air, safety belts that meet the
standards and operation requirements must be fastened.
C. Safety nets must be hanged under the operating point at high altitudes. For
construction without external scaffolding as protection, a fixed safety net must be
installed on the first floor or 4m above the ground.
②"Proximity" protection
There must be protective measures on both sides of the edge of the guardrail.
Fences or safety nets must be installed.
③Protection for climbing operations
Climbing operations are prone to danger. Therefore, during the entire
construction period, all types of personnel must walk up and down the specified
passage, and it is not allowed to use arm or scaffolding rods and construction
equipment for climbing. When climbing, no matter which type of ladder is used, it
should be checked and accepted according to relevant standards in advance.
④Protection for floating operations
When performing suspended operations such as component hoisting, steel bar
lashing and concrete pouring, the equipment and tools such as cable suspension
scaffold, hanging plate, hanging cage and platform shall be qualified products that
have been tested and identified. The main suspending operation of this project is the

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steel bar binding. When binding the steel bar, be careful not to stand or climb up and
down on the steel bar skeleton.
⑤Cross-operation protection
The high-level operations carried out at different levels on the construction site
for supporting, removing, and removing scaffolding are called cross operations. The
up and down three-dimensional cross operation is very likely to cause falling objects
to hurt people. Therefore, between the upper and lower levels, first, before, after, and
around there must come a direction transverse safety full separation distance, this
distance should be greater than the radius may fall. If the safety isolation distance
cannot be reached, it should be a protective layer that can prevent falling objects from
injuring people below, that is, the main tension safety net. The width of the flat net
should be selected according to the height of the load. All the knots or nodes on the
safety net must be fixed.
⑥Operation warning and guardianship
Safety warning signs should be set up in the working area at high places and the
damage range of falling objects at high places, and a special person should be set up
for safety monitoring to prevent unrelated personnel from entering the working range
and falling objects to hurt people.
6. Safety protection measures for night construction
① During night construction, the site construction preparation work should be
done well, and must have good photo conditions and safety protection measures;
② At night when the hoisting construction, the safety officer must implement the
on-site supervision of the whole station, if found safety problems in time to deal with
and report;
③ Carry out construction operations in strict accordance with the requirements of
the construction plan, and it is strictly forbidden to take risky operations;
④ Fully consider the safety of construction, and cannot arrange the cross-
construction process at the same time at night;
⑤ During night construction, the joint parts of each process or operation area
must have a clear luminous sign during night construction. In addition to the safety

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officer and quality inspector on duty, the night safety construction of each process
must also be established. system.
7. Construction safety guarantee measures in rainy season
Make good arrangements for the construction work in the rainy season, reduce
the impact to a minimum, and make the construction proceed smoothly;
During site layout, drainage measures should be taken in advance on the
construction site and around the slope to ensure smooth flow and no accumulation of
water;
Strengthen the rainy season information feedback, timely grasp the rain and
flood information, carefully study the annual climatic characteristics of the rainy
season, and take preventive measures in advance to solve problems that may be found
in the construction and solve them in time.
Due to the deep excavation of some pipe grooves during the construction
process, in order to prevent the collapse of the excavated trench, affecting the
construction quality, and threatening the lives of people, pipe groove support
measures are required. Therefore, a steel pipe is used to build the lattice-shaped
support frame on both sides, and the inside and outside of the lattice are covered with
bamboo rubber plates, and the support wall is formed on one side. The double-sided
lattice support is connected by the support of the pipe to ensure the construction area
in the middle of the pipe groove. Finally, put a herringbone roof on the built-up
support against the ground, and drain all the water from the pipe groove surface to the
pipe groove construction surface through the roof to ensure that the rainwater is away
from the pipe groove;
At the same time, a temporary sump will be excavated in the pipe trench that has
been excavated, and a water pump will be placed in the pit to ensure that no water can
accumulate at the bottom of the pit and ensure the construction quality and safety.

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8.1.6 Risk prevention and emergency management

1. The project implements a full-process safety risk prevention and control

mechanism, earnestly carries out risk identification and evaluation, and formulates
and implements risk prevention and control measures.
2. The project department will formulate a practical emergency rescue plan
according to its own emergency capabilities in response to various safety risks in
overseas projects. The emergency rescue plan is linked to the emergency rescue plan
of the Chinese embassy (consulate) and the local government.
3. The project department strengthens the explanation and training of emergency
plans, and organizes emergency rescue drills in accordance with the requirements of
"True Practice" to ensure that practitioners are familiar with the contents of the
emergency plan and master the emergency handling skills.

8.2 Occupational health and public health management

Situation in the country by the impact, Zambia has a more local and more AIDS
population, and has a high HIV infection rate; in addition, the Zambian health
condition is poor, easily cause such as cholera, plague and other diseases occur,
therefore, in addition to good safety, In addition to technical measures, the project
department should also do disease prevention and occupational health promotion, and
do the following:
(1) Strengthen organizational leadership and effectively strengthen occupational
health management: incorporate occupational health management into project
management, continuously improve and establish and improve relevant systems,
clarify occupational health management institutions, equip occupational health
management personnel, implement work responsibilities and obligations, Ensure the
investment of occupational health management funds and ensure the smooth progress
of occupational health management.
(2) Clarify the goals and responsibilities, and do a good job in disease prevention
and treatment: According to the principle of "prevention first, combination of

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prevention and treatment", formulate preventive measures and implement work
responsibilities in accordance with the goals and plans for disease prevention and
treatment, and maximize the source from the source Control and eliminate disease
hazards and infectiousness.
(3) Practical and intensified education and training: Regularly organize
employees (outsourcing units) to participate in occupational health and public health
training before and during the job, promptly inform the workplace of occupational
hazards, guide the correct use of personal protective equipment and maintain
occupational disease protection facilities.
(4) Solidly carry out propaganda and warning education: through the
establishment of bulletin boards, distribution of brochures, and new media promotion
(Whatsapp )and other methods to publicize disease prevention regulations, operating
procedures, emergency rescue measures and workplace occupational hazards factor
detection As a result, warning signs and warning instructions are set up in work
positions where serious harm may occur. Pay attention to humanized management and
environmental protection.
(5) Standard equipment and equipment: provide employees with occupational
disease protective equipment such as dust masks, earplugs, protective clothing (shoes,
gloves, glasses) and other personal use. Fourth, regular maintenance and overhaul of
personal protective equipment, and the implementation of special personnel
responsible for the supervision and inspection of occupational disease protection
equipment and emergency rescue facilities to ensure that the equipment performance
is intact and achieve results.
(6) Increase the promotion of scientific and technological innovation: Increase
investment in science and technology, consider configuring or improving equipment
and tools from the aspects of improving comfort, reducing labor, and protecting
employees' health. Relying on technological innovation, we will continue to improve
the level of occupational health management.

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 (7) Strengthen emergency response: prepare emergency response plans for
disease hazards, organize emergency drills in a timely manner, and revise, improve,
and upgrade the plans in time according to the drill or implementation.
(8) with the local government and work closely with the communities in the
project, play the project to play, and the majority of community residents to carry out
AIDS prevention and disease prevention publicity, to point, to the construction of the
project from the positive impact of purposes.

9、Environmental Protection Measures

9.1 Environmental protection, water and soil conservation goals

Achieve legal construction, civilized construction, prevent illegal construction

and brutal construction incidents; achieve effective environmental pollution control;
land resource conservation and utilization; project greening and beautiful appearance;
energy saving, material saving and water conservation measures are put in place;
strive to build first-class resources Economical and environment-friendly construction
site.
During the construction process, all conditions are in compliance with the
environmental protection requirements of the Zambian local government; the
emission standards meet the requirements of the relevant regulations and standards of
the Zambian local government.

9.2 Environmental protection, water and soil conservation control

measures for temporal facilities

The project adheres to the scientific development concept and the construction of
a harmonious social environment as a guide; it takes the implementation of

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environmental protection and soil and water conservation and simultaneous
construction of the project as a guideline; the goal is to build high-quality and green
projects; the means of strict management and civilized construction; ensure Build
quality projects, protect the local environment and benefit the local area.
9.2.1 Protection measures for water, soil and ecological environment

(1) The protection of trees, vegetation and groundwater resources is the focus of
environmental protection during construction. Try to keep the plants and trees inside
and outside the construction limits specified in the contract as they are.
(2) Take measures to recultivate the cultivated land within the scope of
temporary land use.
(3) Create a good environment. Adequate temporary sanitation facilities shall be
set up on the construction site and living area, and sanitary cleaning shall be carried
out frequently. At the same time, flowers and trees shall be planted around the living
area to beautify the living environment.
(4) The project site is hardened.
(5) The construction area and stockyard shall be cleaned in time during and after
construction to prevent the erosion and sedimentation of the river channel from
entering the river channel. The domestic sewage and engineering wastewater are
discharged into the wastewater pond for precipitation and purification treatment.
Build temporary drainage facilities during construction.
(6) Regularly inspect and repair the construction machinery to prevent serious oil
leakage. The sewage generated during the maintenance of the machinery is discharged
into the sewage tank, and it can only be discharged into the river after the purification
treatment reaches the standard.
(7) After the completion of the project, the site shall be thoroughly cleaned in
time and vegetation cover or other treatment measures shall be adopted as required.
(8) Hazardous substances (such as waste, garbage, etc.) should be treated by
incineration or other measures and transported to the site designated by the
supervision engineer for burial to prevent damage to animals and plants.

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9.2.2 Control dust removal

(1) Provide a waterwheel and regularly sprinkle water on the sidewalk to keep
the sidewalk moist.
(2) Each vehicle is equipped with canvas, and the transportation vehicles should
be covered with canvas, which should be covered or sprinkled when stacked.
(3) Temporary spoil ground shall be covered, and the surrounding area of the site
shall be separated from the surrounding by color cloth to reduce dust pollution to the
environment.
(4) The construction site shall be fenced as required. Strictly implement the
regulations for suspending earthwork construction in weather above 4th wind.
(5) Cover or sprinkle, solidify or green the temporary earthwork at the site; dust-
proof equipment and facilities can be improved for dust-prone places and dust control
should be strictly controlled.
9.2.3 Control of water environment

(1) Domestic sewage shall be treated with secondary biochemical facilities or

septic tanks as designed.
(2) The waste oil waste water of construction machinery and the waste water in
the on-site drilling mud pool shall be treated effectively, and shall not be discharged
beyond the standard, causing pollution of rivers and water sources.
9.2.4 Control noise pollution

Install mufflers on the used construction machinery and transportation vehicles

and strengthen maintenance to reduce noise. Arrange construction operation time
reasonably. Noisy machinery should not be arranged during night construction.
Transportation vehicles at night are guaranteed to be silent, and honking is prohibited
to avoid affecting the work and rest of personnel.
9.2.5 Solid Waste

(1) The domestic garbage at the construction campsite and construction site shall
be piled up together.

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 (2) The waste in construction and life can also be transported to the designated
place with the approval of the local environmental protection department.
(3) Scrap materials or excavated materials that are reworked during construction
are immediately transported to the site and processed for burial. Collect and clean up
scraps, scraps, cement bags, packing boxes, etc. discarded in the construction in time
and do on-site hygiene.
9.2.6 Prevention and control measures for public health safety and

interference

(1) A billboard is set at the entrance of the construction site to indicate the
contractor, design unit and local environmental protection bureau telephone, so that
the public can contact the relevant departments when they are adversely affected by
the construction.
(2) Set up an emergency rescue command center with the project manager as the
team leader, and the person in charge at all levels keeps the mobile phone turned on
24/7 during the construction period to ensure smooth communication channels. Build
an emergency rescue team with managers, chief engineers, production managers,
ambulance drivers, medical personnel, and professional and technical personnel as the
main members, keep in touch at any time, and rush to the scene of the accident in
time.
(3) Establish a responsibility system for prevention and control of epidemic
situations, establish a personnel turnover registration system, and an information
reporting system. It is necessary to get in touch with the local health and epidemic
prevention department to implement various preventive measures.

9.3 Education and Institution Guarantee Measures

Do a good job in the publicity and education of ecological and environmental

protection, raise awareness, and strengthen employees' environmental awareness.
Strictly implement the mandatory provisions of national laws, regulations and
construction technical rules related to environmental protection; strictly implement

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the relevant requirements of the local government on environmental impact and soil
and water conservation plans; and seriously implement the environmental protection
measures formulated by the owners.
Formulate detailed environmental protection measures, establish a strict
inspection system, conduct regular inspections, deal with problems in a timely
manner, promptly hand over violations of relevant environmental protection laws and
regulations to relevant departments, and receive unconditional guidance from
environmental management units

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