Digital Imaging Systems, PDF

February 2005
Digital Imaging Systems,

Angiographic/Cardiovascular
processing technology with conventional fluoroscopic
Scope of this Product Comparison techniques, they can perform a variety of computer-
assisted x-ray image acquisition, processing, and dis-
This Product Comparison covers digital angiogra-
play functions.
phy computer systems used in conjunction with
cardiac catheterization and angiographic radio- Digital angiography systems are primarily used for
graphic/fluoroscopic (R/F) systems. For more infor- digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in studies of the
mation, see the Product Comparisons titled carotid arteries, the aorta and its major branches, the
FLUOROSCOPIC TELEVISION CHAINS and RADIO- renal arteries, and the peripheral vasculature. Other
GRAPHIC/FLUOROSCOPIC SYSTEMS, ANGIOG-
RAPHIC/INTERVENTIONAL; CARDIOVASCULAR.
Two dedicated ophthalmic angiography sys-

tems are also included in this report.
These devices are also called: digital angiographic
systems, digital intravenous vascular angiogra-
phy systems, digital vascular systems, DSA sys-
tems. Ophthalmic angiography systems are also
called ophthalmographs.
UMDNS information
This Product Comparison covers the following
device terms and product codes as listed in ECRI’s
Universal Medical Device Nomenclature System™
(UMDNS™):
• Digital Imaging Systems, Angiographic/Car-
diovascular [16-560]
• Cameras, Ophthalmic [16-419]
Purpose
Digital angiography systems use a fluoroscopic
image-intensifier tube and a TV camera subsystem to
detect and display images of blood vessels. Because
digital angiography systems combine computer
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Healthcare Product Comparison System
applications include real-time enhancement of fluoro-

X-ray Tube
scopic images, specialized cardiac studies (such as
ventriculography), head and neck vascular imaging,
coronary artery imaging, and ophthalmic imaging. Patient
Principles of operation Image Intensifier
Angiography is the radiographic study of blood ves- Iris

sels and circulation after injection of a radiopaque
contrast medium (usually iodine based); iodine absorbs TV Camera
more x-ray photons than the surrounding areas where
no iodine is present. Digital angiography systems are Amplifier
used to detect the x-rays reemitted by the contrast Video Signal
medium and provide computer-enhanced video images
of the circulatory system in a localized area.
Digitizer
Typically, digital angiography systems consist of a
fluoroscopy subsystem and a digital image processing Frame Store A Frame Store B
subsystem. A C-arm configuration incorporating a
fluoroscopic image intensifier and an x-ray tube is Log Log
usually used to obtain images of vessels from different
directions and in more than one plane. The patient is Subtract
injected with a bolus of iodine contrast medium, ad-
ministered by a motor-driven syringe and an intrave- DAC
C965UN8A
nous or intra-arterial catheter (see the Product
Comparison titled INJECTORS, CONTRAST MEDIA,
ANGIOGRAPHY; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC Display Monitor
RESONANCE IMAGING for more information). Approxi-
mately 90% of digital studies can use intravenous Figure 1. Typical DSA imaging system
injection, thus avoiding the risks and problems of
intra-arterial injections, including arterial puncture,
hematoma, arteriospasm, arterial occlusion, and some from the TV camera so the image can be temporarily
repeat exposures necessitated by patient discomfort stored in the digital memory or manipulated by the
and consequent movement. computer for display on the video monitor. The accuracy
of the conversion is determined in part by the bit depth,
After the injection, a rapid series of x-ray exposures or memory depth (i.e., the number of gray levels that the
(frames) is taken. The injector is synchronized to the system can process). Increasing the memory depth in-
x-ray generator control so the exposures will start at a creases the system’s contrast resolution (i.e., its ability
preset time after injection begins. to process and display small differences in tissue densi-
The image intensifier converts the x-ray beam into a ties). The time intervals at which the ADC samples the
visible image that can be viewed by a TV camera (see Fig. analog TV signal determine the high-contrast spatial
1). The size of the electronic video signal produced by the resolution; to ensure an adequate digitizing rate, the
TV camera is directly proportional to the number of ADC generally has its own dedicated hardware.
x-rays that exit the patient. The TV camera uses either
Once the image has been digitized, it is transferred
an interlaced or a progressive method to read the analog
to a dedicated image memory, which uses specialized
image. In interlaced readouts, the odd-numbered hori-
hardware because of the speed of storage and retrieval
zontal lines are interlaced with the even-numbered lines
required. Next, the images are transferred to a larger
to form the complete TV image. In progressive readouts
digital storage device, generally some form of disk
(also referred to as noninterlaced or sequential readouts),
drive. Depending on the configuration, current sys-
a single video field forms the image.
tems can use hard or floppy drives, optical disks,
The amplified TV signal is then sent to the digital magneto-optical disks (MODs), digital videotape re-
image processing subsystem, which consists of an ana- corders, magnetic tape cassettes, digital versatile
log-to-digital converter (ADC), digital memory and disks (DVDs), and write-once read-many (WORM)
storage, the controlling computer, and a digital-to-ana- and/or recordable compact disc (CD-R) drives for archi-
log converter. The ADC digitizes the video signals val storage. Some systems can also be interfaced with
2 ©2005 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited.
Digital Imaging Systems, Angiographic/Cardiovascular
better contrast resolution. Spatial resolution (i.e., the

ability to distinguish two objects in very close proxim-
ity) depends on matrix size. Higher spatial resolution
is achieved with an acquisition and display matrix size
of 1024 × 1024 pixels. However, increasing image ma-
trix size from 512 × 512 to 1024 × 1024 pixels entails
storing four times more data, which requires a disk
drive with greater capacity and a TV camera and
monitor that can accommodate a 1,025-line image.
The dose must also be increased by a factor of four in
order to maintain the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
It is desirable to have an imaging system that provides
a choice of 525- or 1,025-line viewing so that when high
resolution is not absolutely needed, its concomitant
increase in radiation levels can be avoided.
High-resolution systems are generally reserved for

cardiac applications such as cardiac catheterization
procedures or vascular angiography, which require
high resolution at a relatively rapid frame rate, or for
those applications that need a large image intensifier
(e.g., 35.6 cm [14 in]) and therefore a larger matrix.
The most important characteristic affecting image

quality is the overall SNR, which limits the overall
contrast resolution of the digital angiography system.
Noise is defined as anything (regardless of source or
cause) that is not part of, and therefore interferes with,
the desired signal and thus inhibits visualizing ability.
Structural noise is interference from portions of the
patient’s anatomy other than those being imaged.
a picture archiving and communications system Quantum noise is the uncertainty that is introduced
(PACS). (See the Product Comparison titled PICTURE into the image because of the finite number of x-ray
ARCHIVING AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS (PACS), photons available to form each image; increasing the
RADIOLOGY.) x-ray dose reduces noise effects. Electronic (or system)
The digital signal is converted back to a video signal noise determines the SNR of the camera and is intro-
by the digital-to-analog converter so the image can be duced by interfering electrical signals that originate
displayed. Images are generally displayed on a CRT within the TV camera’s electronics (generally in its
monitor or flat-panel LCD, as in other computerized amplifier). Digitization noise is the inaccuracy associ-
imaging systems; hard-copy x-ray films of final images ated with digitizing the analog output signal from the
can be made on a multi-image camera or a laser imager TV camera into a finite number of digital values.
(see the Product Comparison titled LASER IMAGERS for
more information). The quality of digital angiographic Noise-reduction efforts have been directed largely
images depends on the performance of the entire im- toward improving the SNR of the TV camera so that
aging chain (from the x-ray generator, image intensi- the system SNR is limited by quantum noise and not
fier, and TV camera to the computer and hard-copy electronic or digitization noise. The latter can be im-
device); however, image resolution is primarily limited proved by increasing the bit depth of the digitized
by the resolving power of the TV camera (usually either signal.
525 or 1,025 lines).
Contrast resolution depends on the number of digi- One other characteristic that decreases the accuracy
tal gray levels the computer records, as well as the of the digitized image is lag. Lag, or persistence, is the
amount of noise present. Systems that display a delay in the decay of the analog output signal of the
greater number of gray levels provide images with camera after the input image has been removed.
©2005 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited. 3
Digital subtraction angiography from the previous image instead of from a preinjection
mask; in essence, each image is subtracted from a
DSA involves acquiring a digital image (mask) be- continuously updated mask corresponding to the time
fore injecting the contrast agent into the patient; addi- variations in the area of anatomy. The primary use of
tional images are taken during and after injection. A TID-mode imaging is to display structures, such as the
computer then subtracts the mask from the postinjec- heart, that are rapidly changing with respect to the
tion image, leaving an image of only those vessels in flow of contrast media.
which the contrast agent is present. DSA provides
significantly improved contrast resolution and image Various postprocessing steps can follow processing
enhancement. The disadvantages of DSA include of the subtracted image in DSA, including the following:
greater cost, limitations on the spatial resolution of
• Selection of window levels and widths (similar to
high-contrast imaging, difficulty in distinguishing
other digital imaging techniques) to enhance appar-
overlying vessels, and reduced field of view.
ent image information content
The three standard processing modes for DSA are
• Remasking of subtracted images by selecting a dif-
(1) serial mode, which is also referred to as the radio-
ferent mask as the basis for subtraction
graphic, pulse, or snapshot mode; (2) continuous mode,
which is also referred to as the fluoroscopic mode; and • Reregistration of subtracted images by moving
(3) time-interval difference (TID) mode. Some systems either the mask or the postinjection image to com-
use variations of these three modes of operation and pensate for small organ or patient motion
refer to them with different terminology.
• Image filtering by mathematical manipulation to
In the serial mode, a series of short x-ray exposures reduce the perception of image noise
at high mA levels is synchronized with the readout of
• Edge enhancement by mathematical manipulation
the image intensifier and TV subsystem and the digital
to increase the contrast density at the borders of
conversion of that signal. This method obtains images
anatomic structures
with relatively low quantum noise and minimal pa-
tient and organ motion artifact (generally at an image • Image zoom (magnification)
repetition rate of one to four frames per second [fps] for
• Selection of a region of interest (ROI) for calculation
a 512 × 512 matrix). In many systems, progressive
of its size, dimensions, and average density (ROI
readout of the TV camera during serial-mode operation
histogram)
permits the camera’s readout to be synchronized to the
pulsed x-ray exposure. The serial mode is the most Many digital angiography systems also permit real-
common mode used in DSA; even at relatively low time enhancement of conventional fluoroscopic im-
image-repetition rates, most areas can be adequately ages. Here, the computer system mathematically
imaged without the compromise of final image quality manipulates images obtained during conventional
caused by organ motion. fluoroscopy by applying algorithms to the digitized
image for noise reduction, edge enhancement, and
In continuous-mode imaging, images are acquired
gamma correction (a technique by which the relation-
at relatively low, continuous (fluoroscopic) doses but at
ship between the x-ray exposure and the optical den-
the higher rate of 30 fps (33 msec/frame). As in the
sity of the image is varied to enhance its apparent
serial mode, each postinjection image is subtracted
information content).
from a preinjection mask. Because the images are
acquired using continuous x-ray exposures with a rela-
tively low number of x-ray photons, each image is Reported problems
noisier than those obtained in the serial mode and has
poorer contrast resolution. Nevertheless, continuous- Noise plays an important role in image quality. In
mode imaging may be necessary for studies involving an effort to decrease quantum noise due to the finite
dynamic processes and rapidly moving anatomic struc- number of x-ray photons used in each image, x-ray
tures (e.g., the heart) and in certain types of pulmonary dosage in digital angiography procedures may be in-
vasculature imaging. At present, the continuous creased. Additionally, as matrix sizes have increased,
fluoroscopic mode is rarely used, and some manufac- larger doses have been required to maintain the same
turers no longer offer it. image quality. While not universally recognized as a
problem, some clinicians have become concerned about
In TID-mode imaging, images are also acquired the x-ray dosage used for certain DSA studies, particu-
using low fluoroscopic doses at an acquisition rate of larly in those sites where DSA was originally seen as
30 fps. However, successive images are subtracted a low-dose alternative to conventional angiography.
Many of the problems reported in digital angiogra- R/F imaging equipment for use in special procedures
phy systems are not related to the imaging system or cardiac catheterization suites. Most major suppliers
itself, but to the catheters, guide wires, and contrast offer digital systems as options to be purchased with
media used for both digital and conventional angiogra- their R/F equipment. There are a few suppliers that
phy. Many of these problems have diminished as clini- market only digital recording and digital angiography
cal experience with digital angiography techniques has systems that are compatible with R/F equipment mar-
increased. keted by other suppliers.
Purchase considerations A facility should choose a system that provides the

resolution, performance characteristics, and clinical
ECRI recommendations applications that best suit its needs. Obtaining a list
Included in the accompanying comparison chart are of users from the manufacturer and talking with expe-
ECRI’s recommendations for minimum performance rienced users before purchasing a system may prove
requirements for digital angiography systems. Recom- helpful.
mended specifications have been categorized into one
group — digital angiography. This category specifies If the digital angiography system will be connected
systems generally used for DSA. with other computer systems in the hospital (e.g., a
radiology information system), the buyer should also
One of the most important requirements for digital consider networking capabilities and conformance
angiography systems is the SNR. An SNR of 60 dB is with industry standards. (See the Product Compari-
recommended to limit contrast resolution that may son titled INFORMATION SYSTEMS, RADIOLOGY.) An
affect image quality. In order to maximize the resolu- international standard for network architectures,
tion and image quality of digital angiography systems, called Open System Interconnect (OSI), was developed
ECRI recommends use of a host camera with a scan under the guidance of the International Organization
mode >1,024 lines and progressive readouts to form the for Standardization (ISO). The American College of
analog image. Memory depth should range about 10 Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufac-
bits to increase small details within a processed image, turers Association (NEMA) have established the
such as tissue densities. ACR/NEMA Digital Imaging and Communications in
Image memory is also important to consider when Medicine (DICOM) 3.0 Standard, which ensures data
purchasing digital angiography systems. A 10-second exchange between imaging devices, regardless of the
loop memory is recommended with a bit depth of 10 to brand or image format used. The standard sets mini-
ensure the transfer from image memory to image stor- mum requirements for hardware, data-link service,
age. Images should be displayed on a matrix of 1024 × networking, message presentation, and applications.
1024 with 256 accompanying gray levels. The ACR/NEMA standard was devised so that several
devices meeting the standard could be organized into
Contrast resolution and image enhancement are sig- a system that communicates without customized inter-
nificantly affected by DSA. Both serial and continuous faces. Unfortunately, the standard does not guarantee
processing modes are recommended. The serial, or ra- communications between all devices, so facilities must
diographic, mode obtains images with minimal organ still investigate whether any two devices will be com-
motion; continuous, or fluoroscopic, mode obtains im- patible. (For more information, see Health Devices
ages of organs in the midst of rapid movement. Optional Jan-Feb 2001;30[1-2].)
capabilities should include edge enhancement, filter-
ing, image zoom, roadmarking, and landmarking. Facilities may also wish to consider a system that
allows e-mailing of images and/or results for remote
Other considerations
consultation. Such a feature could expedite review by
Prices for digital angiography systems range from specialists or personnel otherwise unable to attend
approximately $75,000 for an upgrade from an existing consultation at the facility. However, the security of
fluoroscopy system to more than $1,000,000 for a new transmission must also be factored into such a decision.
system, including both an x-ray generator capable of
high-resolution, high-speed imaging and the special- Some manufacturers also offer remote diagnostics,
ized software required for cardiac applications. To which allow for expedited handling of system prob-
expand the system’s analysis capabilities, specialized lems. With remote diagnostics, a supplier can down-
angiographic and vascular software can be purchased load a software patch, order replacement parts, or
separately from some manufacturers. Digital angiog- immediately alert a repair technician to problems that
raphy systems are often purchased in conjunction with need attention.
Cost containment contracts that are bundled with contracts on other

radiology equipment in the department or hospital.
A purchase decision should be based on issues such
as life-cycle costs, local service support, non-price-re- One study (Eusek 1995) suggests that significant
lated benefits offered by the supplier, and integration cost savings can result from the use of digital angiog-
with existing systems in the department or hospital. raphy because film and contrast media use per patient
The following should be considered before making a is reduced. The average film cost per patient decreased
purchase decision: from $105 to $15, and the average contrast media cost
per patient decreased from $52 to $20 after a digital
• Costs associated with standard and optional features
angiography system was introduced and routinely
• Costs associated with hardware and software up- used for a year. Other benefits noted in the study
grades included time saving for staff, who did not have to
• Cost of hard-copy and storage devices, as well as search for film jackets (patient images are reviewed at
related supplies, such as storage media digital workstations), and reduced exam time after
film changers were eliminated.
• Installation costs (e.g., siting, cabling)
• Personnel costs Stage of development
• Costs associated with interfacing to other computer Before digital x-ray techniques were available, most
systems angiographic images were recorded using a screen-film
• Cost of utilities radiographic technique, a photospot or cine camera to
record the output signal from an image-intensifier
• Contributions to overhead
tube, or an imager to make a film of a computer-gen-
Using hardware already in the department can re- erated image (e.g., computed tomography). Initially
duce initial expenditures. In addition, for buyers that designed as an add-on to upgrade existing fluoroscopic
lack the initial capital necessary to purchase an entire imaging systems, digital angiography systems are now
system, leasing the hardware can be an attractive usually offered as a completely integrated component
option. of conventional fluoroscopic imaging systems. Devel-
opments in computer technology, digital acquisition
ECRI recommends that to maximize bargaining lev-
and processing, and three-dimensional vascular recon-
erage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service contracts
struction are expanding the clinical applications of
and/or hardware/software maintenance fees before the
digital angiography.
system is purchased. Buyers should also make sure
that applications training is included in the purchase The speed of image storage after ADC is the current
price of the system. Some suppliers do offer more limiting factor on all digital high-speed frame rates
extensive on- or off-site training programs for an addi- (i.e., without intervening image storage in analog
tional cost. form). Therefore, the availability of relatively low-cost
storage methods for the real-time digitized signal will
Hospitals can purchase service contracts or service
permit marked increases in image-acquisition rates.
on a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Serv-
Once this occurs, digital angiography systems may be
ice may also be available from a third-party organiza-
increasingly used for imaging of the coronary arteries,
tion. The decision to purchase a service contract should
computerized analysis of digitally acquired ventriculo-
be carefully considered. Most suppliers provide routine
grams, and quantitative functional imaging, such as
software updates at no charge to service contract cus-
renal flow studies.
tomers. Furthermore, software updates are often cu-
mulative; that is, previous software revisions may be Some manufacturers have introduced systems de-
required in order to install and operate a new perform- signed for biplanar digital procedures, which may re-
ance feature. Purchasing a service contract also en- quire additional hardware and software. These
sures that preventive maintenance will be performed systems allow nearly simultaneous digital imaging of
at regular intervals, eliminating the possibility of un- the same anatomic area in two different planes. An
expected maintenance costs. Also, many suppliers do algorithm that provides for a system for routine clinical
not extend system performance and uptime guaran- quantitative coronary angiography with rapid digital-
tees beyond the length of the warranty unless the image access and analysis has been developed (see
system is covered by a service contract. Cusma et al. 1995).
Additional service contract discounts may be nego- Flat, solid-state detectors that convert x-ray radia-
tiable for multiple-year agreements or for service tion into electrical charges are expected to be utilized
in upcoming generations of x-ray angiographic sys- Snopek AM. Fundamentals of special radiographic
tems. These detectors are for both static and dynamic procedures. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;
applications. The advantages of this system are the 1999.
avoidance of cassette transport and the direct acquisi-
tion and presentation of the image, the elimination of Standards and guidelines
a large image intensifier, and potentially more efficient
x-ray acquisition. Magnetic resonance imaging and Note: Although every effort is made to ensure that the
computed tomography are increasingly replacing DSA. following list is comprehensive, please note that other
However, DSA remains important, especially for inter- applicable standards may exist.
ventional procedures. American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Per-
formance evaluation and quality assurance in digi-
tal subtraction angiography [report]. Diagnostic
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(1994-07). 1994. (HDA) citations published since the last update of this
Medical electrical equipment — characteristics of report. Each HDA abstract is identified by an Acces-
electro-optical x-ray image intensifiers, part 4: de- sion Number. Recalls and hazard reports include de-
termination of the image distortion [standard]. IEC scriptions of the problem involved; abstracts of other
61262-4 (1994-07). 1994. published articles are referenced by bibliographic in-
formation. HPCS subscribers can call the Hotline for
additional information on any of these citations or to
request more extensive searches of the HDA database.
termination of the defective quantum efficiency
[standard]. IEC 61262-5 (1994-08). 1994. 40871 Loewe C, Schillinger M, Haumer M, et al. MRA
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IEC 60601-1-am2 (1995-03). 1995. Internet: http://www.apelem.com
CMT GE Healthcare Europe [171319]

283 rue de la Miniere
CMT Medical Technologies Inc [238442]
boite postale 34
20 E Sunrise Hwy Suite 303
F-78533 Buc Cedex
Valley Stream NY 11581
France
Phone: (516) 825-5500, (888) 268-7768
Phone: 33 (1) 30704040
Fax: (516) 825-5526
Fax: 33 (1) 30709855
E-mail: sales@cmt-med.com
Internet: http://www.gehealthcareeurope.com/frfr
Internet: http://www.cmt-med.com
CMT Medical Technologies Ltd [178834] GE Healthcare South Africa [340559]
Advanced Technology Center (Matam) Private Bag X124
Haifa IL-31905 Halfway House 1685
Israel South Africa
Phone: 972 (4) 8566220 Phone: 27 (11) 6538800
Fax: 972 (4) 8550249 Fax: 27 (11) 6538801
E-mail: sales@cmt.co.il Internet: http://www.gehealthca-
Internet: http://www.cmt-med.com reeurope.com/safen/
Eigen InfiMed
Eigen Medical Inc [102517] InfiMed Europe [162921]
13366 Grass Valley Ave Klepelhoek 11
Grass Valley CA 95959 NL-3833 GZ Leusden
Phone: (530) 265-2020, (888) 924-2020 The Netherlands
Fax: (530) 274-4856 Phone: 31 (33) 950968
E-mail: sales@eigen.com Internet: http://www.infimed.com/french
Internet: http://www.eigen.com
InfiMed Inc [157709]
121 Metropolitan Dr
ELMSTech Liverpool NY 13088-5335
ELMSTech Inc [409550] Phone: (315) 453-4545, (800) 825-8845
950 Jericho Tpke Fax: (315) 453-4550
Westbury NY 11590 E-mail: ussales@infimed.com
Phone: (516) 338-9888, (866) 356-7832 Internet: http://www.infimed.com
Fax: (516) 338-9889
E-mail: sales@elmstech.com
Italray
Internet: http://www.elmstech.com
Italray srl [306397]
GE Healthcare via del Parlamento Europeo 9/D
I-50010 Scandicci FL
GE Healthcare [439946] Italy
3000 N Grandview Blvd Phone: 39 (055) 721083
Waukesha WI 53188 Fax: 39 (055) 7310177
Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439 E-mail: italray@ats.it
Fax: (262) 544-3384 Internet: http://www.italray.arca.net
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com
GE Healthcare Asia (Japan) [300443] Medelex
4-7-127 Asahigaoka
Hino-shi Medelex Inc [186085]
Tokyo 191-8503 732 N Pastoria Ave
Japan Sunnyvale CA 94085
Phone: 81 (3) 425826820 Phone: (408) 774-0692, (800) 644-0692
Fax: 81 (3) 425826830 Fax: (408) 774-0696
E-mail: hisao.matsuka@gemsa.med.ge.com E-mail: medelex@aol.com
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com.jp Internet: http://www.medelex.com
Ophthalmic Imaging Shimadzu

Ophthalmic Imaging Systems [107430]
221 Lathrop Way Suite I Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) PTE Ltd [172209]
Sacramento CA 95815 16 Science Park Drive #01-02 The Pasteur
Phone: (916) 646-2020, (800) 338-8436 Singapore Science Park
Fax: (916) 646-0207 Singapore 118227
E-mail: info@oisi.com Republic of Singapore
Internet: http://www.oisi.com Phone: 65 7786280
Fax: 65 7792935
OptiMed E-mail: sales@shimadzu.com.sg
OptiMed Technologies Inc [332744] Internet: http://www.shimadzuasiapac.com.ag
20 New Dutch Ln
Fairfield NJ 07004-2513 Shimadzu Corp
Phone: (973) 575-9911, (800) 411-9999 International Marketing Div Medical [153971]
Fax: (973) 575-9722 3 Kanda-Nishikicho 1-chome
E-mail: support@optimed.com Chiyoda-ku
Internet: http://www.optimed.com Tokyo 101-8448
Japan
Philips Phone: 81 (3) 32195645
Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101] Fax: 81 (3) 32195790
30/Fl Hopewell Centre E-mail: imd_med@group.shimadzu.co.jp
17 Kennedy Road Internet: http://www.shimadzu.com/medical
Wanchai
Hong Kong SAR Shimadzu Europe GmbH [161064]
People’s Republic of China Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10
Phone: 852 28215888 D-47269 Duisburg
Fax: 852 25276727 Germany
E-mail: medical@philips.com Phone: 49 (203) 76870
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com Fax: 49 (203) 766625
Philips Medical Systems Canada [397918] E-mail: webmaster@shimadzu.de
281 Hillmount Rd Internet: http://www.shimadzu.de
Markham ON L6C 2S3
Canada Shimadzu Medical Systems [106973]
Phone: (905) 201-4100 20101 S Vermont Ave
Fax: (905) 201-4323 Torrance CA 90502-3130
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com Phone: (310) 217-8855, (800) 228-1429
Philips Medical Systems North America [102120] Fax: (310) 217-0661
22100 Bothell Everett Hwy E-mail: info@shimadzumed.com
PO Box 3003 Internet: http://www1.shimadzu.com/medical/
Bothell WA 98041-3003
Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 722-7900
Fax: (425) 485-6080
E-mail: medical@philips.com Siemens
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com
Philips Medical Systems UK Ltd [415447] Siemens AG
The Observatory Siemens Medical Solutions [401832]
Castlefield Road Henkestrasse 127
Reigate, Surrey RH2 0FY D-91052 Erlangen
England Germany
Phone: 44 (1737) 230503 Phone: 49 (9131) 840
Fax: 44 (1737) 230501 Fax: 49 (9131) 845400
E-mail: anita.littlechild@philips.com E-mail: melanie.schmude@siemens.com
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com
Siemens Canada Ltd [174735] Topcon Europe bv [192846]

2185 Derry Rd W Esse Baan 11
Mississauga ON L5N 7A6 NL-2908 LJ Capelle ald Yssel
Canada The Netherlands
Phone: (905) 819-8000, (888) 303-3353 Phone: 31 (10) 4585077
Fax: (905) 819-5777 Fax: 31 (10) 4585045
E-mail: corporate.relations@siemens.ca E-mail: info@topconeurope.com
Internet: http://www.siemens.ca Internet: http://www.topconeurope.com
Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc [399199] Topcon Medical Systems Inc [150883]
51 Valley Stream Pkwy 37 W Century Rd
Malvern PA 19355 Paramus NJ 07652
Phone: (610) 219-6300, (888) 826-9702 Phone: (201) 261-9450, (800) 223-1130
Fax: (610) 219-3124 Fax: (201) 634-1365
E-mail: sales@siemensmedical.com E-mail: medicalsales@topcon.com
Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com Internet: http://www.topcon.com
Siemens SA de CV [339105]
Poniente 116 No 590
02300 Cd de Mexico Toshiba
Distrito Federal
Mexico Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc [101894]
Phone: 52 (5) 3282000 2441 Michelle Dr
Fax: 52 (5) 3282017 Tustin CA 92780
Internet: http://www.siemens.de Phone: (714) 730-5000, (800) 621-1968
Fax: (714) 734-0362
E-mail: info@tams.com
Stallion Technologies Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com
Stallion Technologies Inc [338629] Toshiba Corp
4324 Loveland Dr Medical Systems Co Ltd [140664]
Liverpool NY 13090-6862 1385 Shimoishigami
Phone: (315) 622-1176 Otawara-shi, Tochigi Pref 324-8550
Fax: (253) 399-4256 Japan
E-mail: sti@stalliontech.com Phone: 81 (287) 266301
Internet: http://www.stalliontech.com Fax: 81 (287) 266050
E-mail: info@tams.com
Internet: http://www.toshiba-medical.co.jp
Topcon
Topcon Australia Pty Ltd [192844] Toshiba Medical (Australia) Pty Ltd [373230]
408 Victoria Road 5 Byfield Street
Galdesvelle, NSW 2111 North Ryde, NSW 2113
Australia Australia
Phone: 61 (2) 98174666 Phone: 61 (2) 98876000
Fax: 61 (2) 98170629 Fax: 61 (2) 98874866
E-mail: sales@topcon.com.au E-mail: intouch@toshiba-tap.com
Internet: http://www.topcon.com.au Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com.au
Topcon Corp (Japan) [139215] Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]

75-1 Hasunuma-cho Zilverstraat 1
Itabashi-ku NL-2718 RP Zoetermeer
Tokyo 174-8580 The Netherlands
Japan Phone: 31 (79) 3689222
Phone: 81 (3) 35582520 Fax: 31 (79) 3689444
Fax: 81 (3) 39604214 E-mail: info@tmse.nl
Internet: http://www.topcon.co.jp Internet: http://www.toshiba-europe.com/medical
Villa Sistemi recorder. Given for 512 × 512, 1024 × 512, and 1024
Villa Sistemi Medicali SpA [156442] × 1024 matrixes, except where otherwise noted.
via delle Azalee 3 Setting of generator technique factors: The x-ray gener-
I-20090 Buccinasco MI ator technique factors, such as kilovoltage, tube
Italy current, and exposure time, can be set manually by
Phone: 39 (02) 488591 the operator or can be controlled by an automatic
Fax: 39 (02) 4881844 exposure-control device.
E-mail: sales@villasm.com Frame averaging: Successive frames can be averaged to
Internet: http://www.villasm.com form either the mask or each image before subtrac-
tion. Averaging frames reduces certain types of
About the chart specifications noise and thus can improve the resolution of sub-
tracted images.
The following terms are used in the chart:
ROI selection: The type of device used for indicating a
Configuration: Digital angiography systems can be de-
region of interest on the displayed image for post-
signed for use with only the manufacturer’s own
processing (e.g., zoom, quantitative analysis).
conventional imaging system (integrated) or as an
add-on to another manufacturer’s system. Add-on Remote diagnostics: Remote diagnostics allow for expe-
systems may need to meet certain minimum criteria dited handling of system problems. With remote
(e.g., TV camera type, SNR, generator switching diagnostics, a system supplier can download a soft-
rate) in order to be interfaced with another system. ware patch directly to the system, order replace-
Some systems can be used for either application. ment parts, or alert a repair technician to problems
that need attention.
TV camera type: For integrated systems, the type of TV
camera supplied by the digital radiography system Abbreviations:
manufacturer. ACC — American College of Cardiology
Scan mode/readout: The most common types of readout
A/D — Analog to digital
of the input signal to the TV camera are interlaced
and progressive. AEC — Automatic exposure control
SNR, dB: The signal-to-noise ratio of the TV camera is ATM — Asynchronous transfer mode
expressed in decibels as the ratio of the magnitude
of the camera’s analog output signal to that of noise B/W — Black and white
fluctuations in the signal.
CCD — Charge-coupled device
Data compression: Some systems compress image data
(i.e., pieces of information are dropped) so that the CD — Compact disc
image occupies less space. Compression is expressed CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
as a ratio; for instance, a ratio of 10:1 means that for
each piece of information in the original matrix, 10 CD-R — Recordable compact disc; allows the record-
pieces have been dropped. Lossless compression ing of digital data on compact discs for archiving
(≤3:1) is a nondestructive method of compression
CD-RW — Compact disc — rewritable
that compresses data with no accompanying change
in grayscale range. CE mark — Conformite Europeene mark
Image memory: The size of the specialized hardware CPU — Central processing unit
used for the temporary storage of digitized images.
CRT — Cathode ray tube
Image memory, number of images: The number of images
of a particular matrix size at a given bit depth (referred CSA — Canadian Standards Association
to as an image page) that can be stored in image
memory. Given for 512 × 512, 1024 × 512, and 1024 × D/A — Digital to analog
1024 matrixes, except where otherwise noted. DICOM — Digital Imaging and Communications in
Image storage, capacity, GB: Online storage of images Medicine Standard
in digital format is a function of hard-disk storage DLT — Digital linear tape
capacity. In analog format, it is a function of the
number of tracks available on the video disk DSA — Digital subtraction angiography
DVD — Digital versatile disk ROI — Region of interest

DVI — Digital visual interface SCU — Service Class User
ECG — Electrocardiogram SNR — Signal-to-noise ratio
EF — Ejection fraction SVGA — Super Video Graphics Array
ETL — ETL Testing Laboratories TCP/IP — Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
FDA — U.S. Food and Drug Administration
TDC — Time-density curve
fps — Frames per second
TID — Time-interval difference
GB — Gigabytes
TIFF — Tagged Image File Format
HDD — Hard disk drive
TUV — Technischer Ueberwachungs Verein
HTTP — Hypertext Transfer Protocol
TV — Television
Hz — Hertz
UL — Underwriters Laboratories
IEC — International Electrotechnical Commission
VCR — Videocassette recorder
ISDN — Integrated services digital network
VGA — Video Graphics Array
ISO — International Organization for Standardiza-
tion Note: The data in the charts derive from suppli-
ers’ specifications and have not been verified through
JIS — Japanese Industrial Standards
independent testing by ECRI or any other agency.
JPEG — Joint Photographic Experts Group Because test methods vary, different products’ specifi-
cations are not always comparable. Moreover, products
LAN — Local area network and specifications are subject to frequent changes.
LCD — Liquid crystal display ECRI is not responsible for the quality or validity of
the information presented or for any adverse conse-
MB — Megabytes quences of acting on such information.
MDD — Medical Devices Directive When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unless
otherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplier
MOD — Magneto-optical disk
discounts. And although we try to indicate which
MPEG — Motion Picture Experts Group features and characteristics are standard and which
are not, some may be optional, at additional cost.
MPPS — Modality performance procedure step
For those models whose prices were supplied to us
OEM — Original equipment manufacturer in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also
PACS — Picture archiving and communication sys- listed the conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate com-
tem parison among models. However, keep in mind that
exchange rates change often.
PC — Personal computer
Need to know more?
pps — Pulses per second For further information about the contents of this
RAID — Redundant array of inexpensice disks Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1
(610) 825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); or
RAM — Random-access memory hpcs@ecri.org (e-mail).
Product Comparison Chart

MODEL ECRI-RECOMMENDED APELEM APELEM CMT
SPECIFICATIONS *
Digital Angiography CARDIO FLASH EV FLASH 2000 SmartSPOT DSA
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION Standard or add-on Standard or add-on Add-on
(DSA cardiovascular) (DSA-RF)
CPU MODEL Pentium IV Pentium IV Pentium III 700 MHz
or better
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type Host camera CCD CCD CCD
Scan mode/readout >1,024 1024 x 1024 x 12 bit 1024 x 1024 x 12 bit 1,024-line; 30 fps
lines, progressive progressive, 60 fps
interlaced
SNR, dB 60 Not specified 66 60
Outputs 12-bit digital 12-bit digital Digital
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz Not specified 40 40
Bit depth 10 Not specified 12 10
Sampling rate, MHz Not specified 40 Not specified
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps NA NA NA
1024 x 512, fps NA NA NA
1024 x 1024, fps 0.5-15 spot mode; 0.5-8 fps 7.5
0.5-30 cine rad mode (optional 15 fps)
Other, fps 0.5-30 fluoro 15-30 fluoro NA
Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode Yes Yes Yes
DATA COMPRESSION No No 2:1
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB 64 (optional 80, 512 512
128, or 256)
Number of images
512 x 512 NA NA NA
1024 x 512 NA NA NA
1024 x 1024 Direct download to Direct download to Direct disk storage
HDD HDD
Other NA NA NA
Loop (cine)
memory, sec 10 12 fps RAD mode w/select- Not specified
able rate 1-8 fps
Bit depth 10 12 12 10
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of

* These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI's technology experts. ECRI assumes no liability for decisions made based on three pages covering
this data. the above model(s).
These specifications
continue onto the
next two pages.

SPECIFICATIONS *
IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB 160 + 20 (optional 130 minimum 30
160 additional)
Number of images
512 x 512 NA NA NA
1024 x 512 NA NA NA
1024 x 1024 88 min + 10,000 50,000 15,000
images
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM Hard disk, CD-R, Hard disk, CD-R, DVD-RAM
MOD MOD
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type 1280 x 1024, 1280 x 1024, Progressive high
flicker-free flicker-free resolution
Number 4 3 2
Size 18-21" (46-51 cm) 18-21" (46-51 cm) 21"
Display matrix 1024 x 1024 1280 x 1024 1280 x 1024 1600 x 1200
Gray levels 256 4,096 4,096 1,024

Color display Optional Optional Yes
Split screen Yes

display Yes Yes
SETTING OF GENERATOR
TECHNIQUE FACTORS AEC AEC AEC or manual by
test exposure
DSA MODES
Serial Yes Yes Yes Yes
Continuous Yes Yes Yes Yes
TID Yes Yes Yes
FRAME AVERAGING Yes Yes Yes
IMAGE PROCESSING
Edge enhancement Yes Yes Yes Real time
Filtering Yes Yes Yes Yes
Image zoom Yes Yes Yes Yes **
Roadmapping Yes Yes Yes Yes
Landmarking Yes Yes Yes Yes
Remasking Yes Yes Yes Yes
Replay Yes Yes Yes Yes
Reregistration Yes Automatic/manual Manual (auto opt) Yes
ROI selection Yes Mouse Mouse Yes
ROI histogram Yes Yes Yes Yes
Window and level Yes Yes Yes Yes
Others Stenosis, min/max Angles, stenosis, Reverse B/W, text,
opacification, distance, min/max pan, histogram
DSA loop, LVA, opacification, DSA equalization, image
QCA cine loop invert, graphics
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of

* These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI's technology experts. ECRI assumes no liability for decisions made based on three pages covering
this data. the above model(s).
** Device can store an unspecified number of 2400 x 2000 pixel images. These specifications
continue onto the
next page.

SPECIFICATIONS *
NETWORKING DICOM 3 print, DICOM 3 print, Ethernet, TCP/IP

store, SCU, worklist store, SCU,
optional worklist
INTERFACES Laser imager Laser imager Toshiba, GE,

control, scan control, scan Siemens, Philips,
converter to VCR converter to VCR Continental, Picker,
Shimadzu, laser im-
ager (DICOM/digital)
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0
COMPATIBLE Yes Yes Yes Yes
INFRARED REMOTE Yes Yes Optional Remote keypad
POWER REQUIREMENTS 110/220 ±10% VAC, 110/220 ±10% VAC, 110/220 VAC,
50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz, 7 A
W 180 150 800
PURCHASE INFORMATION
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified $95,000-140,000
Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year
Remote diagnostics Not specified Not specified Yes

Delivery time, ARO 6-8 weeks 6-8 weeks 30-45 days
Year first sold 1998 1998 1997
Number installed
USA Not specified Not specified >120
Worldwide Not specified Not specified >500
Fiscal year Not specified Not specified January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Gamma correction; Gamma correction; Universal equipment

alphanumeric alphanumeric interface; autoset;
keyboard for patient keyboard for patient electronic shutters;
data; DSA; max opa- data; DSA; max opa- fluoroscopic noise
cification cine cification cine reduction; simulta-
loop; horizontal loop; horizontal neous acquisition
and vertical image and vertical image and review; dual-
reversal; noise re- reversal; noise re- room operation;
duction; electronic duction; electronic Windows NT operating
collimation; motion collimation; motion system.
detection; real-time detection; real-time
processing and processing and
movement. movement.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device.

* These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI's technology experts. ECRI assumes no liability for decisions made based on
this data.

MODEL EIGEN EIGEN EIGEN EIGEN
DDR+ DFL eigen-CD eigen-NET
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION Add-on Add-on Add-on Add-on
CPU MODEL Intel Intel Intel Intel
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type Host camera Host camera Host camera Host camera
Scan mode/readout 525-/625-/1,023-/ 525-/625-/1,023-/ 525-/625-/1,023-/ 525-/625-/1,023-/

1,049-/1,249-line 1,049-/1,249-line 1,049-/1,249-line 1,049-/1,249-line
interlaced or pro- interlaced or pro- interlaced or pro- interlaced or pro-
gressive gressive gressive gressive
SNR, dB >55 >55 >55 >55
Outputs Analog, SVGA, DVI Analog, SVGA, DVI SVGA SVGA
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz Up to 200 Up to 200 Up to 200 Up to 200
Bit depth 8, 10 8, 10 8, 10 8, 10
Sampling rate, MHz Up to 200 Up to 200 Up to 200 Up to 200
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps 30 30 60 60
1024 x 512, fps 30 30 60 60
1024 x 1024, fps 30 30 30 30
Other, fps NA NA NA NA
Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode Optional Optional Optional Optional
DATA COMPRESSION 0 0 Lossless plus MPEG Lossless plus MPEG

dynamic thumbnails dynamic thumbnails
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB Up to 512 Up to 512 Up to 512 Up to 512
Number of images
512 x 512 Up to 2,000 Up to 2,000 Up to 2,000 Up to 2,000
1024 x 512 Up to 1,000 Up to 1,000 Up to 1,000 Up to 1,000

1024 x 1024 Up to 512 Up to 512 Up to 512 Up to 512
Other NA NA Not specified Not specified
Loop (cine)
memory, sec Up to 60 Up to 60 Up to 60 Up to 60
Bit depth 8 8 8 8

three pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next two pages.

IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB Up to 120 Up to 120 Up to 120 Up to 120
Number of images
512 x 512 480,000+ 480,000+ 480,000+ 480,000+
1024 x 512 240,000+ 240,000+ 240,000+ 280,000+
1024 x 1024 120,000+ 120,000+ 120,000+ 120,000+
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM Optional DICOM or Optional DICOM or CD CD, DVD library,

proprietary proprietary DLT, NA5
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type Flat-panel SVGA Flat-panel SVGA Flat panel, Flat panel,
different options different options
Number Not specified 2 1 to >100 1 to >100
Size Not specified 21" 21" 21"
Display matrix Up to 1024 x 1024 Up to 1024 x 1024 Up to 1024 x 1024 Up to 1024 x 1024
Gray levels 256 256 256 256

Color display NA Monochrome Monochrome Monochrome
Split screen
display NA No No No
TECHNIQUE FACTORS Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
DSA MODES
Serial Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Continuous Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
TID Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
FRAME AVERAGING Yes Yes Yes Yes
IMAGE PROCESSING
Edge enhancement Yes Yes Yes Yes
Filtering No No No No
Image zoom 2x Yes 1.1x to 4x 1.1x to 4x
Roadmapping Yes Yes No No
Landmarking No No No No
Remasking Optional Optional Yes Yes
Reregistration No No No No
ROI selection Optional Optional Optional Optional
ROI histogram Optional Optional Optional Optional
Others Invert, contour, Invert, contour, Invert, QCA, LV, Invert, QCA, LV,
QCA vessel sizing/ subtraction subtraction subtraction
percent stenosis,
stent measurement

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

NETWORKING Optional Optional Ethernet, Internet protocols, Internet protocols,

TCP/IP TCP/IP, fast Ether- TCP/IP, fast Ether-
net net
INTERFACES VCR, video printer, VCR, video printer, All OEM suppliers All OEM suppliers
external monitor, external monitor, plus ISDN, LAN, ATM; plus ISDN, LAN, ATM;
quantitative quantitative image e-mail and image e-mail and
analysis analysis browsing via HTTP browsing via HTTP
with TCP/IP with TCP/IP
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0
INFRARED REMOTE Optional Optional Optional Optional
POWER REQUIREMENTS 104-242 VAC, 104-242 VAC, 104-242 VAC, 104-242 VAC,
50/60 Hz, single- 50/60 Hz, single- 50/60 Hz, single- 50/60 Hz, single-
phase phase phase phase
W 270 270 260 260
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Warranty 1 year, limited 1 year, limited 1 year, limited 1 year, limited
Remote diagnostics Yes Optional Yes Yes

Delivery time, ARO 6-8 weeks 4-6 weeks Not specified Not specified
Year first sold 1992 1990 2001 1997
Number installed
USA Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Worldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Totally digital Totally digital Add-on network Add-on network
record, processing, record, processing, based; open stan- based; open stan-
playback, analysis, playback, analysis, dards-based digital dards-based digital
archive; auto record archive; auto record review and archiving review and archiving
and playback; no and playback; no system; creates system; creates
x-ray system modifi- x-ray system modifi- DICOM 3.0 CDs for DICOM 3.0 CDs for
cations required. cations required; exchange or archive; exchange or archive;
ISO 9001; meets optional TCP/IP remote access and remote access and
ACC DICOM 3.0 output for interface image e-mail capa- image e-mail capa-
standards for film to archive system. bilities allow in- bilities allow in-
replacement. Meets ACC DICOM 3.0 stant remote consul- stant remote consul-
standards for film tation during case. tation during case.
replacement.

MODEL ELMSTECH GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE INFIMED
Accuravis Digital Advantx DL Advantx DLX PlatinumOne DSA

Imaging System
FDA CLEARANCE No Yes Yes Yes

CONFIGURATION Add-on Integrated-Innova Integrated-Advantx Add-on, upgrade,
products products new room
CPU MODEL Not specified Motorola 68040 RC25 Motorola 68040 RC25 Not specified
and Sun UltraSPARC 5 and Sun UltraSPARC 5
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type CCD Revolution digital Saticon “A” XQ1560 12-bit CCD
flat panel or Plumbicon
Scan mode/readout 1024 x 1024 pixels NA Progressive 1024 x 1024
progressive
SNR, dB 66 NA >60 dynamic, Not specified

>54 static
Outputs Not specified NA 4 10-bit digital
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz 25 NA 12 Not specified
Bit depth Not specified 12-bit 8, 10 Not specified
Sampling rate, MHz Not specified NA 11 Not specified
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps Not specified See footnote * See footnote * NA
1024 x 512, fps 60 NA NA NA
1024 x 1024, fps 30 0.5-30 fps 0.2-7.5 static mode 0.5-15 spot, 0.5-30
fluoro
Other, fps Not specified NA NA NA
Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode Not specified yes Yes Depends on generator
DATA COMPRESSION Not specified Lossless JPEG Lossless JPEG Lossless
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB Depends on system 8.4 GB; 16 GB 8.4 GB; 16 GB 512
configuration optional ** optional **
Number of images
512 x 512 Not specified 64,000; 128,000 64,000; 128,000 NA
optional optional
1024 x 512 Not specified NA NA NA
1024 x 1024 Not specified 32,000 optional 16,000; 32,000 25,000
optional
Other Upgradable 40,000 NA NA NA
Loop (cine)
memory, sec 136 Not specified Not specified 12 acquired, 10
stored
Bit depth 12 12 8, 10 12

* 7.5, 10, 15, 30 fps dynamic mode; 0.2-10 fps static mode. three pages covering
** 4 GB effective storage with lossless JPEG compression; 16 GB effective storage optional. the above model(s).
continue onto the
next two pages.


Imaging System
IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB 150 8; 16 optional 8; 16 optional 60
Number of images
512 x 512 Not specified 128,000 64,000; 128,000 NA
1024 x 512 Not specified NA NA NA
1024 x 1024 Depends on system 32,000 16,000; 32,000 25,000
configuration
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM Hard disk, CD-R, DICOM output to DICOM output to CD-RW
MOD GEMnet DICOM net- GEMnet DICOM net-
work; DICOM storage work; DICOM storage
on CD, DLT, or on CD, DLT, or
DVD-RAM DVD-RAM
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type Flat panel Flicker-free 120 Hz Flicker-free 120 Hz Progressive flat
panel
Number Depends on 2 SP, 4 BP, in room 2, optional 2

configuration and control room additional
Size 17" to 21" 21" CRT or 18" LCD 21" 18"
Gray levels Not specified 1,024 1,024 1,024

Color display Optional No No No
Split screen
display Yes No No No
TECHNIQUE FACTORS AEC Automatic Automatic Automatic via
Exposet program
DSA MODES
Serial Optional Yes Yes Not specified
Continuous Optional Yes Yes Not specified
TID No NA Yes Not specified
IMAGE PROCESSING
Image zoom Yes Yes Yes Yes
Landmarking Not specified Yes Yes Yes
Reregistration Yes Yes Yes Manual
ROI selection Not specified Mouse Trackball, mouse No
ROI histogram Not specified NA Yes No
Others Not specified Ventricular analy- Ventricular analy- Stenosis, image
sis, arterial analysis, arterial analy- stacking, real-time
sis, split screen sis, split screen auto image optimiza-
shift, COMPAS vessel shift, COMPAS vessel tion, min/max opaci-
profiling software, profiling software fication, DSA loop
range of additional replay, annotation
image processing on
the AW workstation

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.


Imaging System
NETWORKING DICOM Via CD-R DICOM output DICOM output DICOM
INTERFACES CD-R, DICOM DICOM DICOM DICOM, direct

digital host laser
control
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0

INFRARED REMOTE Optional Yes Yes Optional
POWER REQUIREMENTS 230 VAC, 230-240 VAC, 230-240 VAC, 10 A

50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz
W 3,500 maximum 3,500 maximum 110
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified $101,500
Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 15 months
Remote diagnostics Not specified Yes Yes Yes

Delivery time, ARO Not specified 60-90 days 60-90 days 4 weeks
Year first sold 1998 (with SPARC) 1998 (with SPARC) 2002
Number installed
USA Not specified Not specified Not specified 250
Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. Meets requirements Meets requirements Doctor preferences;
of CDRH, CSA, IEC, of CDRH, CSA, IEC, automatic image
JESRA, and UL. JESRA, and UL. optimization; 2-day
applications
included; onscreen
diagnostics; auto
for real-time cathe-
terization; auto
camera calibration.

MODEL ITALRAY MEDELEX OPHTHALMIC IMAGING OPTIMED
FAILED TO RESPOND *
X FRAME II PLUS MDX-4000C (Angio/ OIS WinStation Digi- OptiCor
Cardio) tal Imaging Systems
WHERE MARKETED Europe, North Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
America
FDA CLEARANCE No Yes Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION Add-on Upgrade (add-on) or Turnkey 32-bit Add-on
OEM
CPU MODEL Intel Intel Pentium IV Pentium IV
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type CCD CCD camera/1024-line Various with 1392 x NA
1040 to 4160 x 3000
Scan mode/readout 1,249-line, 50 Hz, Progressive Not specified NA
interlaced,
progressive
SNR, dB ≥60:1 60 Not specified NA
Outputs 1280 x 1024 12-bit Not specified

analog, 12-bit
digital
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz 40 40 Not specified NA
Bit depth 16 12 12 B/W, 24 color NA
Sampling rate, MHz 40 40 Not specified Not specified
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps 30 NA 1 50-60 Hz
1024 x 512, fps 20 NA 1 50-60 Hz
1024 x 1024, fps 15 30 1 50-60 Hz
Other, fps NA NA 3000 x 2000, 1 fps Fluoro

Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode Yes Yes NA Yes
DATA COMPRESSION None 0 JPEG, TIFF, PNG, 2:1

lossless, uncompress
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB Not specified 512 15 MB/frame multi- 1,024
still frame images
Number of images
512 x 512 16,000 NA Limited by HDD space 800
1024 x 512 8,000 NA Limited by HDD space 400

1024 x 1024 4,000 360 Limited by HDD space 200
Other NA Not specified Limited by HDD space None specified
Loop (cine)
memory, sec Not specified 11 Limited by HDD space 25-30 fps
Bit depth 12 12 24 10

* Specifications current as of July 2001. three pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next two pages.

FAILED TO RESPOND *
IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB 1 18 80 2,000
Number of images
512 x 512 16,000 NA 120 40,000
1024 x 512 8,000 NA Not specified 20,000
1024 x 1024 4,000 15,000+ Not specified 20,000
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM CD-R Open AR DVD-R DVD-RAM, DVD-R
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type Progressive 1024 x 1024 B/W LCD flat panel Progressive high
Hi Brite resolution
Number 1; up to 3 optional Not specified 1 2
Size 21" 17", 19", 20", 21" 19-24" 21"
Display matrix 1280 x 1024 1280 x 1024 1280 x 1024 1280 x 1024,
1600 x 1200
Gray levels 256 256 Not specified 4,096
Color display No Yes 12-bit Yes
Split screen
display 4 or 16 Yes Yes Yes
TECHNIQUE FACTORS AEC Manual or AEC NA NA
DSA MODES
Serial Yes Yes NA NA
Continuous No Yes NA NA
TID No Yes NA NA
FRAME AVERAGING Yes Yes Not specified NA
IMAGE PROCESSING
Edge enhancement Yes Yes Yes Real time
Filtering Yes Yes Yes 3 modes
Image zoom 2x to 4x 2x Yes Continuous, variable
Roadmapping Yes Yes Not specified No
Landmarking Yes Yes Yes No
Remasking Yes Yes Not specified No
Replay Yes Yes Not specified Yes
Reregistration Automatic Automatic or manual Yes No
ROI selection Mouse Mouse, keyboard Yes No
ROI histogram No Yes Not specified No
Window and level Yes Yes Not specified Yes
Others Electronic shutter, Not specified PDT, overlay, Reverse, B/W, text,
background printing, measurements, MPS pan, image invert,
Windows interface rings, AutoMontage graphics
mapping

* Specifications current as of July 2001. three pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

FAILED TO RESPOND *
NETWORKING Ethernet Ethernet, Microsoft Windows, Novell Ethernet, TCP/IP,
Net platform, DICOM 3 print
Windows 2000
INTERFACES Digital laser camera Laser imager, 17 fundus cameras Toshiba, Siemens,
digital VCR, multi- Philips, Shimadzu,
format camera, Continental, Picker,
C-arm, PC GE, laser imager
(DICOM/digital)
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0
COMPATIBLE Optional Yes Yes Yes
INFRARED REMOTE No Optional NA Yes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 220 VAC, 50 Hz 110/60 and 220/50 Meets most worldwide 110/220 VAC,
requirements 50/60 Hz, 7 A
W 1,000 110 Not specified 800
List price,
std configuration $40,000-70,000 $90,000 $20,000-60,000 $25,000-150,000
Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year; extended 1 year

warranties available
Remote diagnostics Optional Yes Included Yes
Delivery time, ARO Not specified As requested 4 weeks 30-45 days
Year first sold 2001 2002 1985 1994
Number installed
USA Not specified Not specified 1,000+ >180
Worldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified >50
Fiscal year January to December September to August January to December Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. Ophthalmology office Universal equipment
software integrates interface; autoset;
digital imaging, fluoroscopic noise
electronic medical reduction;
records, and simultaneous
electronic practice acquisition and
management; Auto- review; Windows
Montage automatic- 2000, 2000 Server,
ally merges retinal XP, NT operating
images into 1 color- system.
corrected view and
magnifies subtle
retinal details.

* Specifications current as of July 2001.

MODEL PHILIPS SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SIEMENS
Allura Xper FD20 Digitex Premier Digitex Pro Multi AXIOM Artis Imaging
Single plane DAR 2400-30F DAR-3000 System

CONFIGURATION Add-on Integrated Shimadzu Integrated Shimadzu Integrated
CPU MODEL Intel DEC Shimadzu 32-bit Dual Pentium III,

RISC 733 MHz, 1 GB RAM
host; Celeron
566 MHz, 128 MB RAM
real-time CPU
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type Flat detector CCD CCD CCD
Scan mode/readout Not specified 1,024-line progres- 1,024-line progres- Not specified
sive, 30 fps; sive, 30 fps
512-line progres-
sive, 60 fps
SNR, dB Not specified 40 40 69
Outputs Digital 12-bit digital 12-bit digital Not specified
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz Not specified 45 45 44 (100 D/A)
Bit depth 14 12 12 12
Sampling rate, MHz Not specified 43.2 43.2 Not specified
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps NA 60 single-/biplane NA 60
1024 x 512, fps NA NA NA NA
1024 x 1024, fps 0.5-6; 15, and 30 30 single-plane, 7.5 15, 30
fps optional 15 biplane
Other, fps 2,048 x 2,048; 0.5-6 NA NA NA
Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode Yes 7.5, 15, 30 fps 7.5, 15, 30 fps 15, 30 pps; optional
0.5-7.5 pps
DATA COMPRESSION None Not specified Not specified Lossless
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB 1 GB 32 72 Depends on system
configuration
Number of images
512 x 512 NA Images filed to NA 25,000-200,000
disk, real time
1024 x 512 NA NA NA NA
1024 x 1024 Capable of display- Images filed to Images filed to 6,250-50,000
ing acquisition runs disk, real time disk, real time
Other 2,048 x 2,048 NA NA NA
Loop (cine)
memory, sec System will hold 90 60 10
entire loop
Bit depth 12 12 12 12

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next two pages.

IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB 72 8 4 Depends on configu-
ration
Number of images
512 x 512 NA 120,000 NA 25,000-200,000 *
1024 x 512 NA NA NA NA
1024 x 1024 100,000 @ 1024 x 40,000 20,000 6,250-50,000 *
1024 **
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM Fully DICOM capable CD-R; 3,000 images CD-R; 3,000 images ACOM.net, any DICOM
at 1024 x 1024, at 1024 x 1024
10,000 images at
512 x 512
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type 1,066-line, 76 Hz 1,125-line, 60 Hz 1,125-line, 60 Hz Siemens flat-panel
progressive LCD progressive interlaced displays
monitor
Number 2 in exam room, 1 in 5 single plane, 9 4 Depends on configu-
control room biplane ration (1-7)
Size 18" 21" 21" 18"
Gray levels 256 256 256 256

Color display VGA Optional Optional Optional
Split screen
display No Yes Yes No
TECHNIQUE FACTORS AEC or manual See footnote *** See footnote *** Automatic
DSA MODES
Serial Yes; also single Yes Yes Optional
Continuous Not specified Yes Yes Optional
TID Not specified Postprocessing † Postprocessing † No
FRAME AVERAGING Optional integrated Yes Yes Yes
IMAGE PROCESSING
Image zoom Yes 8x 2x Yes
Roadmapping Yes Yes †† Yes Yes
Remasking Yes Yes Yes 2x
Reregistration Real-time Yes Yes Automatic and manual
ROI selection Mouse Yes Yes No
ROI histogram No Yes Yes No
Others View trace, move TID, TDC, Vessel Vessel Power, Image inversion,
mask, 20-on-1 over- Power, multiple Super Cine display, annotation, land-
view displays, cardiac multiple displays marking, quantifi-
EF, distance and cation software
stenosis measure-
ment, Super Cine
display, real-time
pixel shift, photo

* Depends on system configuration. three pages covering
** 25,000 @ 2048 x 2048. the above model(s).
*** Automatic APR setting via photomultiplier. These specifications
†
Also pulsed DSA, peak-hold DSA, Comfort View DSA, RSM-DSA, and rotational DSA. continue onto the
††
Dual RoadMAP, subtraction MAP, and superimpose MAP. next page.

NETWORKING DICOM output Via CD-R, optional Via CD-R, optional Any DICOM; DICOM
UDIG direct network DICOM Gateway send, worklist,
interface network interface MPPS, print, query/
retrieve; export to
DICOM CD
INTERFACES Laser imager, CD-R, laser imager CD-R, laser imager CATHCOR hemodynamic
digital VCR, PCs system
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0

COMPATIBLE Yes DICOM CD, UDIG * DICOM CD, Gateway Yes
INFRARED REMOTE Yes IVR Master IVR Master No (wired total

tableside controls)
POWER REQUIREMENTS Not specified See footnote ** 208 VAC, 1-phase, 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz,
15 A, 50/60 Hz *** 3-phase
W Not specified 5,000 (standby mode) 1,500 (standby mode) Not specified
List price,
std configuration Not specified $625,000 $199,000 Not specified
Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year
Remote diagnostics Yes Optional Optional Yes

Delivery time, ARO 4-6 months 120 days 120 days Not specified
Year first sold 2004 2002 1998 2001
Number installed
USA 9 Not specified 20 600
Worldwide 18 Not specified 200 1,300
Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December October to September
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Rotational acquisi- Integrated digital Integrated digital Biplane; overlay;
tion (30°/sec generator console; generator console; Dynamap; acquisition
speed, 180° and Comfortable Angio R/F and angio zoom; pre-/postcom-
55°/sec speed, Terminal post- configurations; pare; multimap
305° arc processing console; optional peripheral, with 16-on-1 auto-
acquisition); 3-D Fluoro Power Optimi- rotational, and map; ECG storage;
RA; bidirectional zer for imaging at real-time smooth- optional integrated
RIS interface; bolus lowest possible masking DSA. ultrasound.
chase. dose; angio or car- Meets requirements
diac configura- of ETL, IEC 60601-1,
tions; optional 3-D ISO 9001, JIS
and independent T-1001 and Z-9001,
workstations. and TUV.
Meets requirements
of ETL, IEC 60601-1,
ISO 9001, JIS
T-1001 and Z-9001,
and TUV.

* Allows tableside control of image and file display management, image acquisition management, C-arm position control (includes
auto image search to match C-arm angle), and image processing management.
** 200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 5 kVA, single-phase; 200/400 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100/75 kVA, 3-phase.
*** Instant download to hard drive.

MODEL SIEMENS STALLION STALLION STALLION
TECHNOLOGIES TECHNOLOGIES TECHNOLOGIES
AXIOM Artis Imaging X-Sight Angio X-Sight Cardiac X-Sight Multi
System (Angio/Cardiac)

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified
CONFIGURATION Integrated Integrated or add-on Integrated or add-on Integrated or add-on
CPU MODEL Dual Pentium III, Intel, AMD Intel, AMD Intel, AMD
733 MHz, 1 GB RAM
host
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type CCD Primicon, CCD, or Primicon, CCD, or Primicon, CCD, or
host camera host camera host camera
Scan mode/readout Not specified Interlaced, progres- Interlaced, progres- Interlaced, progres-
sive; up to 2,048 sive; up to 2,048 sive; up to 2,048
lines depending on lines depending on lines depending on
camera camera camera
SNR, dB 69 ≥60 ≥60 ≥60
Outputs Not specified Analog video, Analog video, Analog video,

12-bit digital 12-bit digital 12-bit digital
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz 44 (100 D/A) Up to 40 Up to 40 Up to 40
Bit depth 12 12 12 12
Sampling rate, MHz Not specified Up to 40 Up to 40 Up to 40
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps Optional up to 60 Up to 120 Up to 120 Up to 120
1024 x 512, fps NA Up to 60 Up to 60 Up to 60
1024 x 1024, fps 0.5-7.5; optional Up to 30 Up to 30 Up to 30
15/30, 12-bit
Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode 15/30 pps; optional Yes Yes Yes
0.1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,
7.5
DATA COMPRESSION Lossless 2:1 2:1 2:1
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB Depends on system 120-800 RAM 120-800 RAM 120-800 RAM
configuration
Number of images
512 x 512 25,000-200,000 284-2,560 284-2,560 284-2,560
1024 x 512 NA 192-1,280 192-1,280 192-1,280

1024 x 1024 6,250-50,000 96-640 96-640 96-640
Other NA NA NA NA
Loop (cine)
memory, sec Optional 10 3-85 840, disk available 840, disk available
Bit depth 12 10 or 12 10 or 12 10 or 12

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next two pages.

IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB Depends on configu- 8 32 real time 32 real time
ration
Number of images
512 x 512 25,000-200,000 * 35,600 (10-bit) 100,000 (10-bit) 100,000 (10-bit)
1024 x 512 NA 12,800 (10-bit) 50,000 (10-bit) 50,000 (10-bit)
1024 x 1024 6,250-50,000 * 6,400 (10-bit) 25,000 (10-bit) 25,000 (10-bit)
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM DICOM CD-R, send, CDC, DICOM CD, CDC, DICOM CD, CDC, DICOM CD,
print DICOM output to PACS DICOM output to PACS DICOM output to PACS
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type Siemens flat-panel 1,024-line, 60 Hz 1,024-line, 60 Hz 1,024-line, 60 Hz
displays progressive progressive progressive
Number Depends on configu- Up to 3 Up to 3 Up to 3

ration (1-7)
Size 18" 21" 21" 21"
Gray levels 256 1024 1024 1024

Color display Optional No No No
Split screen
display No Yes Yes Yes
TECHNIQUE FACTORS Automatic Manual or AEC Manual or AEC Manual or AEC
DSA MODES
Serial Yes Yes No Yes
Continuous Yes Not specified No Yes
TID No Not specified No Not specified
IMAGE PROCESSING
Image zoom 2x 2x, 4x 2x, 4x 2x, 4x
Reregistration Automatic and manual Yes Yes Yes
ROI selection No Mouse Mouse Mouse
ROI histogram No Yes Yes Yes
Window and level Automatic and manual Yes Yes Yes
Others Image inversion, Annotation, quan- Annotation, quan- Annotation, quan-
annotation, land- titative analysis, titative analysis, titative analysis,
marking, quantifi- image optimization, image optimization, image optimization,
cation software motion-compensated motion-compensated motion-compensated
noise reduction, noise reduction, noise reduction,
electronic cropping, electronic cropping, electronic cropping,
maximum contrast maximum contrast maximum contrast

* Depends on system configuration. three pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

NETWORKING DICOM send, print, Ethernet, TCP/IP, Ethernet, TCP/IP, Ethernet, TCP/IP,
query/retrieve; DICOM output DICOM output DICOM output
MPPS, CD-R
INTERFACES CATHCOR hemodynamic DICOM multiformat DICOM multiformat DICOM multiformat

system camera, VCR, CD-R, camera, VCR, CD-R, camera, VCR, CD-R,
laser imager laser imager laser imager
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0

COMPATIBLE Yes Optional Optional Optional
INFRARED REMOTE No (wired total Optional Optional Optional

tableside controls)
POWER REQUIREMENTS 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 110/220 VAC, 110/220 VAC, 110/220 VAC,
3-phase 50/60 Hz, 6/3 A 50/60 Hz, 9/5 A 50/60 Hz, 9/5 A
W 322-846 660 maximum 1,100 maximum 1,100 maximum
List price,
std configuration Not specified $70,300 $82,900 $88,600
Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes

Delivery time, ARO Not specified 4-6 weeks 4-6 weeks 4-6 weeks
Year first sold 2001 1998 1998 1998
Number installed
USA 600 Not specified Not specified Not specified
Worldwide 1,300 Not specified Not specified Not specified
Fiscal year October to September January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Overlay fading; 10-bit real-time 10-bit real-time 10-bit real-time
automatic maximum- storage; dual-room storage; dual-room storage; dual-room
opacification image sharing. sharing. sharing.
hold; PERIVISION
image fusion;
maximum peak
opacification;
complete operation
at tableside;
digital cine mode
Dynavision.

MODEL TOPCON TOPCON TOPCON TOPCON
IMAGEnet 11 Mega- IMAGEnet 1280 x 1024 IMAGEnet Non-Mydria- IMAGEnet 1024 FA :

pixel FA/Color : FA/Color tic System : Color FA/ICG

CONFIGURATION Turnkey Turnkey Turnkey Turnkey
CPU MODEL Pentium IV, 3.6 GHz Pentium IV, 3.6 GHz Pentium IV, 3.6 GHz Pentium IV, 3.6 GHz
HP HP HP HP
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type Mega Plus II JVC KY7OU Nikon D Series Mega Plus 1.4i
10-bit
Scan mode/readout Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
SNR, dB Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Outputs Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Bit depth 12 8 B/W, 24 color 8 10
Sampling rate, MHz Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps NA NA 0.5 NA
1024 x 512, fps NA NA NA 1
1024 x 1024, fps 0.75 1 NA NA
Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode NA NA Not specified NA
DATA COMPRESSION JPEG, PNG JPEG, PNG JPEG, PNG JPEG, PNG
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB 30 color, 11 FA 1 1 1
Number of images
512 x 512 Depends on HDD space Depends on HDD space Depends on HDD space Depends on HDD space
Other NA NA NA NA
Loop (cine)
memory, sec None None None None
Bit depth 36 8, 24 24 10

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next two pages.


IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Number of images
512 x 512 Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM DVD-R, CD-R DVD-R, CD-R DVD-R, CD-R DVD-R, CD-R
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type Flat panel Flat panel Flat panel Flat panel
Number 1 1 1 1
Size 20.3" 19" 19" 20.3"
Gray levels 256 256 256 256

Color display Yes Yes Yes Yes
Split screen
display Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
TECHNIQUE FACTORS Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic
DSA MODES
Serial Not specified NA Not specified Not specified
Continuous Not specified NA Not specified Not specified
TID Not specified NA Not specified Not specified
FRAME AVERAGING Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
IMAGE PROCESSING
Edge enhancement Yes Yes Not specified Yes
Filtering Yes Yes Not specified Yes
Image zoom Yes Yes Not specified Yes
Roadmapping Yes Yes Not specified Yes
Landmarking Yes Yes Not specified Yes
Remasking Not specified Yes Not specified Yes
Replay Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified
Reregistration Yes Yes Yes Yes
ROI selection Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse
ROI histogram Yes Yes Yes Yes
Others Not specified None specified Not specified None specified

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.


NETWORKING Windows XP Windows XP Windows XP Windows XP
INTERFACES Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0

INFRARED REMOTE As ordered As ordered As ordered As ordered
POWER REQUIREMENTS 115 VAC, 20 A 115 VAC, 20 A 115 VAC, 20 A 115 VAC, 20 A
W Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
List price,
std configuration $58,990 $33,990 $29,990, includes $46,990 : $47,990
nonmydriatic fundus
camera
Remote diagnostics Modem and voice Modem and voice Modem and voice Modem and voice
Delivery time, ARO 4 weeks 4 weeks 4 weeks 4 weeks
Year first sold 2004 1996 1999 1992
Number installed
USA Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. IMAGEnet 1280 x 1024
color upgrade for
monochip system
also available.

MODEL TOSHIBA VILLA SISTEMI
DFP-8000D DIVA
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Yes No

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION For all cardiac and Add-on
angio systems
CPU MODEL Dual Pentium III 32-bit
VIDEO INPUT/OUTPUT
TV camera type CCD CCD
Scan mode/readout 1,024-line 1,049-line,

progressive
SNR, dB 60 >65, exposure mode
Outputs 12-bit digital Not specified
A/D conversion
Frequency, MHz 20 40
Bit depth 12 12
Sampling rate, MHz 40 40
IMAGE ACQUISITION
512 x 512, fps Up to 60 @ S/P * NA
1024 x 512, fps NA Up to 25
1024 x 1024, fps Up to 30 @ S/P, Up to 12
up to 15 @ B/P
Other, fps NA NA
Pulsed progressive
fluoroscopy mode Yes Yes
DATA COMPRESSION Not specified No
IMAGE MEMORY
Size, MB 1 GB 18-36 GB
Number of images
512 x 512 Not specified NA
1024 x 512 NA 44,000-88,000

1024 x 1024 Not specified 22,000-44,000
Other NA NA
Loop (cine)
memory, sec NA 3,500 @ 12 images/
sec
Bit depth 8, 10, or 12 12

* Up to 30 @ B/P. three pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next two pages.

DFP-8000D DIVA
IMAGE STORAGE
Capacity, GB 72 (RAID level 3) 18-36
Number of images
512 x 512 Up to 155,000 NA
1024 x 512 NA 44,000-88,000
1024 x 1024 Up to 39,000 @ 22,000-44,000
10-bit
ARCHIVAL SYSTEM CD-R (700 MB, back- Laser disk
ground archiving, up
to 1024 x 1024 12-
bit, JPEG lossless);
optional DVD-RAM
IMAGE DISPLAY
Monitor type 1,024-line, 30 Hz, 1,049-line, 60 Hz
progressive
Number 2 for S/P, 4 for B/P 1 or 2 for console/

1 in room
Size 21" 17" or 21"
Display matrix 1280 x 1024 1024 x 1024
Gray levels 256 256

Color display No No
Split screen
display No Yes
TECHNIQUE FACTORS Not specified Serial connection to
generator
DSA MODES
Serial Yes Yes
Continuous No Yes
TID Yes No
FRAME AVERAGING Yes Yes
IMAGE PROCESSING
Edge enhancement Yes Yes
Filtering Yes Yes
Image zoom ≤5x Yes
Roadmapping Yes Yes
Landmarking Yes Yes
Remasking Yes Yes
Replay Yes Yes
Reregistration Yes Yes
ROI selection Yes Yes
ROI histogram Yes Yes
Window and level Yes Yes
Others Fluoro roadmapping, Anatomic programs,
parallel processing, sensitive area
analysis software selection
option (QCA, LVA)

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

DFP-8000D DIVA
NETWORKING Full DICOM service Optional DICOM 3.0

classes standard,
storage/storage
commitment, query/
retrieve, MWM/MPPS
INTERFACES Laser imager (DICOM Laser, digital,

print), digital VCR, multiformat camera
dose area product
meter
ACR/NEMA DICOM 3.0

COMPATIBLE Yes Optional
INFRARED REMOTE NA Yes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 200/220/230 ±10% 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz

VAC, 50/60 Hz, 40 A
W 6,000 260
List price,
std configuration $1,135,000-1,705,000 Not specified
single plane *
Warranty 1 year Not specified
Remote diagnostics Yes Not specified

Delivery time, ARO Not specified Not specified
Year first sold 2002 Not specified
Number installed
USA >20 Not specified
Worldwide >100 Not specified
Fiscal year April to March Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Dose management; None specified.

zoom fluoroscopy;
virtual collimation;
sequential naviga-
tion; prevision;
DFP upgradable.

* $2,244,000-$2,805,000 biplane.

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February 2005

Digital Imaging Systems,

Two dedicated ophthalmic angiography sys-

203119 5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USA

applications include real-time enhancement of fluoro-

Principles of operation Image Intensifier

Angiography is the radiographic study of blood ves- Iris

better contrast resolution. Spatial resolution (i.e., the

High-resolution systems are generally reserved for

The most important characteristic affecting image

Purchase considerations A facility should choose a system that provides the

Cost containment contracts that are bundled with contracts on other

CMT GE Healthcare Europe [171319]

Ophthalmic Imaging Shimadzu

Siemens Canada Ltd [174735] Topcon Europe bv [192846]

Topcon Corp (Japan) [139215] Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]

DVD — Digital versatile disk ROI — Region of interest

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WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Yes

SNR, dB 60 Not specified 66 60

Outputs 12-bit digital 12-bit digital Digital

DATA COMPRESSION No No 2:1

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of

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Size 18-21" (46-51 cm) 18-21" (46-51 cm) 21"

Gray levels 256 4,096 4,096 1,024

Split screen Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of

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NETWORKING DICOM 3 print, DICOM 3 print, Ethernet, TCP/IP

INTERFACES Laser imager Laser imager Toshiba, GE,

INFRARED REMOTE Yes Yes Optional Remote keypad

W 180 150 800

Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year

Remote diagnostics Not specified Not specified Yes

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Gamma correction; Gamma correction; Universal equipment

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.

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DDR+ DFL eigen-CD eigen-NET

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

CPU MODEL Intel Intel Intel Intel

Scan mode/readout 525-/625-/1,023-/ 525-/625-/1,023-/ 525-/625-/1,023-/ 525-/625-/1,023-/

Outputs Analog, SVGA, DVI Analog, SVGA, DVI SVGA SVGA

DATA COMPRESSION 0 0 Lossless plus MPEG Lossless plus MPEG

1024 x 512 Up to 1,000 Up to 1,000 Up to 1,000 Up to 1,000

Other NA NA Not specified Not specified

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of

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DDR+ DFL eigen-CD eigen-NET

ARCHIVAL SYSTEM Optional DICOM or Optional DICOM or CD CD, DVD library,

Number Not specified 2 1 to >100 1 to >100

Size Not specified 21" 21" 21"

Gray levels 256 256 256 256

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of

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DDR+ DFL eigen-CD eigen-NET

NETWORKING Optional Optional Ethernet, Internet protocols, Internet protocols,

INFRARED REMOTE Optional Optional Optional Optional

Warranty 1 year, limited 1 year, limited 1 year, limited 1 year, limited

Remote diagnostics Yes Optional Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.