Colligative Properties

1. A solution consists of 3.88g benzene, C6H6, and 2.45g toluene, C6H5CH3. The vapor pressure of pure benzene
at 20oC is 22 mm Hg. Assume that Raoult’s law holds for each component of the solution, calculate the mole
fraction of benzene in the vapor. (C6H6 = 78.0 g/mol, C6H5CH3 = 92.0 g/mol) 0.87

2. The freezing point of a glucose solution (C6H12O6; molar mass = 180.0 g/mol) is -10.3°C. The density of the
solution is 1.50 g/ml. What is the molarity of the glucose solution? (Kf for water is 1.86 °C/m for water). 4.16
mole/L

3. What is the normal boiling point of a 2.70M solution of KBr that has a density of 1.80 g/ml? (KB for H2O is
0.512°C/mol/kg) 101.9°C

4. A solution that contains 12.6 g of a nonvolatile nondissociating solute in 400. g of benzene freezes at 3.6°C.
The normal freezing point of benzene is 5.5°C. What is the molar mass of the solute? (Kf for benzene =
4.96°C/mol/kg) 82 g/mole

5. Chloroform and methanol form an ideal solution. The solution boils at 22°C and 0.255 atm. At 22°C, the
vapor pressure of pure methanol is 0.192 atm and the vapor pressure of pure chloroform is 0.311 atm. 0.529

6. What is the normal boiling point of a 1.21 M solution of CaI2 that has a density of 1.92 g/ml? (KB for H2O is
0.512°C/mol/kg) 101.2°C

7. Calculate the freezing point of a 36.0% by mass Na3PO4 solution. (Kf for water is 1.86 °C/m for water)
-25.5°C

8. 32.00 ml of 0.311 M aluminum nitrate is mixed with 64.00 ml of 0.177 M sodium carbonate and allowed to
react.
a. Write balanced equation.
2Al(NO3)3 + 3Na2CO3 Al2(CO3)3 + 6NaNO3
b. Write total-ionic and net-ionic equations for the above reaction.
c. Give the name and mass of any precipitate that may have formed.
0.884 g of Al2(CO3)3 precipitate
d. Calculate the molar concentration of each ion remaining in solution after reaction is complete.
Concentration of carbonate ions = 0 M
Concentration of aluminum ions = 0.0252 M
Concentration of nitrate ions = 0.312 M
Concentration of sodium ions = 0.236 M

Section 16.14: Colligative Properties of Solutions

Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach by Mark S. Cracolice, Edward I. Peters
117. Is the partial pressure exerted by one component of a gaseous mixture at a given temperature and volume a
colligative property? Justify your answer, pointing out in the process what classifies a property as “colligative.”

118. The specific gravity of a solution of KCl is greater than 1.00. The specific gravity of a solution of NH3 is
less than 1.00. Is specific gravity a colligative property? Why, or why not?

119. A student dissolves 27.2 g of aniline, C6H5NH2, in 1.20 × 102 g of water. At what temperatures will the
solution freeze and boil?

120. The boiling point of benzene, C6H6, is 80.10°C at 1 atmosphere, Kb for benzene is 2.53°C/m. A nonvolatile
molecular substance that dissolves in benzene is testosterone. If 10.14 grams of testosterone, C19H28O2 (288.4
g/mol), is dissolved in 231.0 grams of benzene, what are the molality and the boiling point of the solution?

121. Calculate the freezing point of a solution of 2.12 g of naphthalene, C10H8, in 32.0 g of benzene, C6H6. Pure
benzene freezes at 5.50°C and its Kf = 5.10°C/m.

122. The freezing point of water is 0.00°C at 1 atmosphere. Kf for water is 1.86°C/m. A molecular substance
that dissolves in water is antifreeze (ethylene glycol). If 11.35 grams of antifreeze, CH2OHCH2OH (62.10
g/mol), is dissolved in 272.3 grams of water, what are the molality and the boiling point of the solution?

123. What is the molality of a solution of an unknown solute in acetic acid if it freezes at 14.1°C? The normal
freezing point of acetic acid is 16.6°C, and Kf = 3.90°C/m.

124. When 14.56 grams of TNT, C7H5N3O6 (227.1 g/mol), is dissolved in 264.3 grams of an organic solvent, the
boiling point of the resulting solution is 0.200°C higher than that of the pure solvent. What are the molality of
the solution and the value of Kb for the solvent?

125. A solution of 16.1 g of an unknown solute in 6.00 × 102 g of water boils at 100.28°C. Find the molar mass
of the solute.

126. The boiling point of benzene, C6H6, is 80.10°C at 1 atmosphere, Kb for benzene is 2.53°C. In a laboratory
experiment, students synthesized a new compound and found that when 11.5 grams of the compound were
dissolved in 246 grams of benzene, the solution began to boil at 80.43°C. The compound was also found to be a
nonvolatile molecular compound. What is the molecular mass that they determined for this compound?

127. When 12.4 g of an unknown solute is dissolved in 90.0 g of phenol, the freezing point depression is 9.6°C.
Calculate the molar mass of the solute if Kf = 3.56°C/m for phenol.

128. The freezing point of water is 0.00°C at 1 atmosphere. Kf for water is 1.86°C/m. In a laboratory
experiment, students synthesized a compound and found that when 11.2 grams of the compound was dissolved
in 2.80 × 102 grams of water, the solution began to freeze at – 1.12°C. The compound was also found to be a
nonvolatile molecular compound. What is the molecular mass that they determined for this compound?

129. The normal freezing point of an unknown solvent is 28.7°C. A solution of 11.4 g of ethanol, C2H5OH, in
2.00 × 102 g of the solvent freezes at 22.5°C. What is the molal freezing point constant of the solvent?

130. When 19.77 grams of glucose, C6H12O6 (180.2 g/mol), is dissolved in 225.6 grams of an organic solvent,
the freezing point of the resulting solution is 1.06°C lower than that of the pure solvent. What is the molality of
the solution? What is the value of Kf for the solvent?

132.
a. The concentration is the same throughout a beaker of solution.
b. A saturated solution of solute A is always more concentrated than an unsaturated solution of solute B.
c. A solution can never have a concentration greater than its solubility at a given temperature.
d. A finely divided solute dissolves faster because more surface area is exposed to the solvent.
e. Stirring a solution increases the rate of crystallization.

f. Crystallization ceases when equilibrium is reached.

g. All solubilities increase at higher temperatures.
 h. Increasing air pressure over water increases the solubility of nitrogen in the water.
i. An ionic solute is more likely to dissolve in a nonpolar solvent than in a polar solvent.
j. (Optional) The molarity of a solution changes slightly with temperature, but the molality does not.
k. (Optional) If an acid and a base react on a 2:1 mole ratio, there are twice as many equivalents of acid
as there are of base in the reaction.
l. The concentration of a primary standard is found by titration.
m. Colligative properties of a solution are independent of the kinds of solute particles, but they are
dependent on particle concentration.

Answers