M7 Crisostomo, Fidel Kristoffer P.

(11-STEM B)
Activity 1
❖ Given the information below find the interval estimates of the population mean and the margin of error.

1. 𝑛 = 10 and 𝑥̅ = 28 with 𝑠 = 4.0 , 90% confidence

𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1 = 10 − 1 = 9
𝑡𝛼⁄2 = 𝑡0.10⁄ = 1.833
2

Confidence Interval:
𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ − 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛 √𝑛
4.0 4.0
28 − 1.833 ( ) < 𝜇 < 28 + 1.833 ( )
√10 √10
𝟐𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 < 𝝁 < 𝟑𝟎. 𝟑𝟐 *with a margin of error (E) of 2.32

2. 𝑛 = 16 and 𝑥̅ = 50 with 𝑠 = 4.2 , 95% confidence

𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1 = 16 − 1 = 15
𝑡𝛼⁄2 = 𝑡0.05⁄ = 2.131
2

Confidence Interval:
𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ − 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑡𝛼⁄2 ( )
√𝑛 √𝑛
4.2 4.2
50 − 2.131 ( ) < 𝜇 < 50 + 1.833 ( )
√16 √16
𝟒𝟕. 𝟕𝟔 < 𝝁 < 𝟓𝟐. 𝟐𝟒 *with a margin of error (E) of 2.24

3. 𝑛 = 20 and 𝑥̅ = 68.2 with 𝑠 = 2.5 , 99% confidence

𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1 = 20 − 1 = 19
𝑡𝛼⁄ = 𝑡0.01⁄ = 2.861
2 2

Confidence Interval:
𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ − 𝑡𝛼⁄ ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑡𝛼⁄ ( )
2 2
√𝑛 √𝑛
2.5 2.5
68.2 − 2.861 ( ) < 𝜇 < 68.2 + 2.861 ( )
√20 √20
𝟔𝟔. 𝟔 < 𝝁 < 𝟔𝟗. 𝟖 *with a margin of error (E) of 1.6

Activity 2
1. A total of 200 Grade 8 students who have access to internet services were asked if they play games online
before they attend classes. Ninety- five students responded YES. What is the population proportion of students
who play video games before attending classes? What percent do not play games before attending classes?

𝑋 95
Since 𝑋 = 95 and 𝑛 = 200, then 𝜌̂ = 𝑛 = 200 = 0.475

The estimator of 𝜌 𝑖𝑠 𝜌̂ . The estimator of 𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑞̂. Thus, the population proportion 𝜌 𝑖𝑠 0.475.
 M7 Crisostomo, Fidel Kristoffer P. (11-STEM B)

Since 𝑞 = 1 − 𝜌, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑞 = 1 − 0.475 = 0.525

2. In a survey, 1000 Grade 7 students were asked if they read storybooks. There were 318 who said YES. What
proportion of the students does not read storybooks? Use 95% confidence interval to determine the
proportion 𝜌 of all Grade 7 students who read storybooks does the information suggest a positive attitude
toward reading?

1. Given 318
𝑛 = 1000 𝜌̂ = 1000 𝑜𝑟 0.318 𝐶𝐿 = 95%
𝑞̂ = 1 − 0.318 = 0.682
2. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 0.318, which is the best estimator for 𝜌
3. Identify the confidence
coefficient 𝑧𝛼⁄2 𝑧0.05⁄ = ±1.96
2

4. Confidence Interval ̂ 𝑞̂
𝜌 ̂ 𝑞̂
𝜌
𝜌̂ − 𝑧𝛼⁄2 √ 𝑛 < 𝜌 < 𝜌̂ + 𝑧𝛼⁄2 √ 𝑛

(0.318)(0.682) (0.318)(0.682)
0.318 − 1.96√ 1000
< 𝜌 < 0.318 + 1.96√ 1000

= 0.2891 < 𝜌 < 0.3469 or 28.91% < 𝜌 < 34.69%

5. Describe the result. Thus, with 95% confidence, we can assert that the interval
from 28.91% to 34.69% contains true proportion of all Grade
7 students who read storybooks.

Activity 3
A transportation company wants to know the amount of time it takes a bus to travel from one bus stop to the next.
From past observations, the standard deviation is 5 hours.
a. How many measurements are needed in order to be 95% certain that the maximum error of estimate
will not exceed 1 hour?
Given:
The confidence level is 95%. So, 𝛼 = 1 − 0.95 = 0.05. Therefore, 𝑧0.05⁄ = 1.96.
2
The desired error is 1 hour.
The 𝜎 = 5.
Solution:
2
(𝑧𝛼⁄ )(𝜎)
2
𝑛=[ 𝐸
]
(1.96)(5) 2
𝑛=[ ] = 96.04 ≈ 𝟗𝟕 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔
1

b. What sample size is required for a maximum error of 2 hours?

Solution:
2
(𝑧𝛼⁄ )(𝜎)
2
𝑛=[ 𝐸
]
(1.96)(5) 2
𝑛=[ 2
] = 24.01 ≈ 𝟐𝟓 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
 M7 Crisostomo, Fidel Kristoffer P. (11-STEM B)

Activity 5: Formulate a null hypothesis and its alternative hypothesis for each of the following. Write them in symbols
and in statement.
1. The average TV viewing time of all five- year old children is 4 hours daily.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 4 The average TV viewing time of all five-year old children is 4 hours daily. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 4 The average TV viewing time of all five-year old children is not 4 hours daily.
Type of tailed: Two-tailed
2. A college librarian claims that 20 storybooks on the average are borrowed daily.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 20 The average that storybooks borrowed daily is 20. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 20 The average that storybooks borrowed daily is not 20.
Type of tailed: Two-tailed
3. The mean performance of all grade six leavers of a school in the NAT is 35.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 35 The mean performance of all grade six leavers of a school in the NAT is 35. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 35 The mean performance of all grade six leavers of a school in the NAT is not 35.
Type of tailed: Two-tailed
4. The inventor of a new kind of light bulb claims that all such bulbs last as long as 3000 hours.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 3000 Such bulbs last as long as 3000 hours. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 3000 Such bulbs do not last as long as 3000 hours.
Type of test: One-tailed
5. The average age of all the identified stratum of senior citizens in a remote area is 92 years.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 92 The average age of all the identified stratum of senior citizens in a remote area is
92 years. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 92 The average age of all the identified stratum of senior citizens in a remote area is
not 92 years.
Type of tailed: Two-tailed
6. The mean weight of girls at birth is at least 3.2 kg.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜇 ≥ 3.2 The mean weight of girls at birth is at least 3.2 kg. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 3.2 The mean weight of girls at birth is lower than 3.2 kg.
Type of tailed: One-tailed (left-tailed)
7. A producer of steel cables wants to test if the steel cables it produces have a breaking strength of 450 lb.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 450 The steel cables have a breaking strength of 450 lb. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 450 The steel cables do not have a breaking strength of 450 lb.
Type of tailed: Two-tailed
8. A polling agency wants to test if the proportion of voters who would vote for a particular candidate in the
coming election is 72%
 M7 Crisostomo, Fidel Kristoffer P. (11-STEM B)
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜌 = 72% The proportion of voters who would vote for a candidate is 72%. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜌 ≠ 72% The proportion of voters who would vote for a candidate is not 72%.
Type of tailed: Two-tailed
9. It is thought that at least 82% of the business owners in the country comply with tax requirements.
Answer:
𝐻0 : 𝜌 ≥ 82% At least 82% of the business owners in the country comply with tax requirements. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜌 < 82% Lower than 82% of the business owners in the country comply with tax requirements.
Type of tailed: One-tailed (left-tailed)
𝑘𝑔⁄
10. The mean BMI (Body Mass Index) of the population from which a sample was drawn is 35 .
𝑚2
Answer:
𝑘𝑔⁄
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 35 The mean BMI of the population from which a sample was drawn is 35 . (claim)
𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 35 The mean BMI of the population from which a sample was drawn is not 35 ⁄ 2 .
𝑚
Type of tailed: Two-tailed

Activity 6
A. Complete the table below. Numbers 1 and 2 were already answered as an example. Determine the Test Statistic
(z- test/ t- test), the type of test (two- tailed, one- tailed: right or left tailed), and the critical value that would be
used to test a hypothesis under of the given conditions. 15 points

𝑯𝒐 𝑯𝒂 𝜶 𝒏 𝛔 Test Type of test CV

Statistic
1. 𝜇 = 100 𝜇 ≠ 100 0.05 40 known z- test Two-tailed ±𝟏. 𝟗𝟔
2. 𝜇 = 55 𝜇 > 55 0.05 16 unknown t-test 0ne-tailed (right) 2.131
3. 𝜇 = 5.8 𝜇 ≠ 5.8 0.01 49 known z- test Two-tailed ±𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟓
4. 𝜇 ≤ 110 𝜇 > 110 0.01 25 unknown t-test 0ne-tailed (right) 2.492
5. 𝜇 ≤ 5.8 𝜇 > 5.8 0.01 144 known z- test 0ne-tailed (right) 2.33
6. 𝜇 ≥ 110 𝜇 ≠ 110 0.05 27 unknown t-test Two-tailed ±𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝟔
7. 𝜇 = 39 𝜇 ≠ 39 0.10 19 unknown t-test Two-tailed ±𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟒

B. Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis (𝐻𝑜 ) in each of the following situations. Don’t forget
to write the decision rule. Numbers 1 and 4 were already answered as an example (10 points)

Test
Type of test 𝜶 𝒁𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 𝒁𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 Decision
Statistic
1 z- test Left-tailed test 0.05 −2.09 −𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟓 Since |𝒁𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = −𝟐. 𝟎𝟗| > |𝒁𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟓|, we
Reject the null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 .
2 z- test Right-tailed 0.05 1.42 1.645 Since |𝒁𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟐| < |𝒁𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟓|, we Fail to
test Reject the null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 .
3 z- test Two-tailed 0.01 3.46 +2.575 Since |𝒁𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟔| > |𝒁𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟓|, we Reject
test the null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 .
 M7 Crisostomo, Fidel Kristoffer P. (11-STEM B)
Test
Type of test 𝜶 n 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 CV Decision
Statistic
4 t- test Two-tailed 0.05 21 3.92 ±𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 Since |𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟐| > |𝒕𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟔|, we Reject the
test null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 .
5 t- test Right- 0.05 10 1.93 1.833 Since |𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑| > |𝒕𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟑𝟑|, we Reject the
tailed test null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 .
6 t- test Left- tailed 0.01 15 −5.62 −𝟐. 𝟔𝟐𝟒 Since |𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = −𝟓. 𝟔𝟐| > |𝒕𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 = −𝟐. 𝟔𝟐𝟒|, we Reject
test the null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 .
7 t- test Two- tailed 0.10 29 8.75 +1.701 Since |𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟓| > |𝒕𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟎𝟏|, we Reject the
test null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 .

Activity 7
1. With individual lines at its various windows, a bank finds that the mean waiting time and the standard
deviation for normally distributed waiting times on Monday mornings is 26.7 minutes and 6.2 min,
respectively. The bank experiment with a single main waiting line and finds that for a random sample of 35
customers, the waiting times have a mean of 28 minutes. At the 𝛼 = 0.05, test the claim that a single line
causes higher mean waiting time among the waiting lines.

1 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 26.7 𝑜𝑟 𝜇 ≤ 26.7
Single line does not cause higher mean waiting time among the waiting lines.
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 26.7
Single line causes higher mean waiting time among the waiting lines. (claim)
2 Since 𝜎 is known, the test statistic is z – test.
3 The level of significance is  = 0.05. Type of test: one-tailed (right)
𝒄𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟓
4 𝜇 = 26.7; 𝑥̅ = 28; 𝜎 = 6.2; 𝑛 = 35
28 − 26.7
𝑧= = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒
6.2
√35
5 Since |𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 1.24| < |𝑧𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 1.645|, then Fail to Reject the 𝐻0 .
6 At 0.05 level of significance, there is enough evidence to show that a single line does not
cause a higher mean waiting time among the waiting lines.

2. A manufacturer claims that the average life of batteries use in their electronic games is 150 hrs. It is known
that the standard deviation of this type of battery is 20 hrs. A consumer wishes to test the manufacturer’s
claim and accordingly 100 electronic games using this battery found that the mean is equal to 144 hrs. Use
𝛼 = 5%.

1 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 150 The average life of batteries use in electronic games is 150 hours. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 150 The average life of batteries use in electronic games is not 150 hours.
2 Since 𝜎 is known, the test statistic is z – test.
3 The level of significance is  = 0.05. Type of test: two tailed
𝒄𝒗 = ±𝟏. 𝟗𝟔
4 𝜇 = 150; 𝑥̅ = 144; 𝜎 = 20; 𝑛 = 100
 M7 Crisostomo, Fidel Kristoffer P. (11-STEM B)
144 − 150
𝑧= = −𝟑
20
√100
5 Since |𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = −3| > |𝑧𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 1.96|, then Reject the 𝐻0 .
6 At 0.05 level of significance, there is enough evidence to show that the average life of
batteries use in electronic games is not 150 hours.

3. In a time and motion study, it was found that a certain manual work can be finished at an average time of 40
minutes. A group of 16 workers are given a special training and then found to average only 35 minutes with
a standard deviation of 8 minutes. Can we conclude that the special training can increase the speed of work
using a 0.01 significance level?

1 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 40 𝑜𝑟 𝜇 ≤ 40 The special training can increase the speed of work. (claim)

𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 40 The special training cannot increase the speed of work.
2 Since 𝜎 is unknown, the test statistic is t – test.
3 The level of significance is  = 0.01. Type of test: one-tailed (right)
𝒅𝒇 = 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓; 𝒄𝒗 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎𝟐
4 𝜇 = 40; 𝑥̅ = 35; 𝑠 = 8 𝑛 = 16
35 − 40
𝑧= = −𝟐. 𝟓
8
√16
5 Since |𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = −2.5| < |𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 2.602|, then Fail to Reject the 𝐻0 .
6 At 0.01 level of significance, there is enough evidence to show that special training can
increase the speed of work.

4. Professor Milan administered an achievement test, which as he remembers from years of experience, yielded
a population mean score of 85. If his class of 25 students obtained a mean score of 89 with standard deviation
score of 14, can the professor claim that his class is a superior class? Assume that the mean score is
approximately normally distributed. Use 𝛼 = 0.01

1 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 85 𝑜𝑟 𝜇 ≤ 85 Professor Milan’s class is not a superior class.

𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 85 Professor Milan’s class is superior. (claim)
2 Since 𝜎 is unknown, the test statistic is t – test.
3 The level of significance is  = 0.01. Type of test: one-tailed (right)
𝒅𝒇 = 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒; 𝒄𝒗 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟐
4 𝜇 = 85; 𝑥̅ = 89; 𝑠 = 14; 𝑛 = 25
89 − 85
𝑧= = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟑
14
√25
5 Since |𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 1.43| < |𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 2.492|, then Fail to Reject the 𝐻0 .
6 At 0.01 level of significance, there is enough evidence to show that Professor Milan’s class
is not a superior class.

5. A paediatrician claimed that the average time for a drug to take effect is 15 minutes with a standard deviation
of eight minutes. In a sample of 49 trials, the average time was 18 minutes. Test the claim of a paediatrician
 M7 Crisostomo, Fidel Kristoffer P. (11-STEM B)
that the average time is equal to 15 minutes. Assume that the average time for a drug to take effect is
approximately normally distributed. Use 𝛼 = 0.10

1 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 15 The average time for a drug to take effect is 15 minutes.

𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 15 The average time for a drug to take effect is not 15 minutes.
2 Since 𝜎 is known, the test statistic is z – test.
3 The level of significance is  = 010. Type of test: two-tailed
𝒄𝒗 = ±𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟓
4 𝜇 = 15; 𝑥̅ = 18; 𝜎 = 8; 𝑛 = 49
18 − 15
𝑧= = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟐𝟓
8
√49
5 Since |𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 2.625| > |𝑧𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 1.645|, then Reject the 𝐻0 .
6 At 0.10 level of significance, there is enough evidence to show that the average time for a
drug to take effect is not 15 minutes.

6. Test the claim that 22% of senior medical students of a certain medical school prefer paediatrics. Sample
data consist of 100 randomly selected seniors of the medical school, with 20 of them choosing paediatrics.
Use the 0.05 level of significance.

1 𝐻0 : 𝜌 = 22% The proportion that senior medical students prefer is pediatrics. (claim)
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜌 ≠ 22% The proportion that senior medical students prefer is not pediatrics.
2 z-test for population proportion
3 The level of significance is  = 0.05. Type of test: two-tailed
𝒄𝒗 = ±𝟏. 𝟗𝟔
4 20
𝜌̂ = ; 𝜌0 = 22%; 𝑞0 = 1 − 0.22 = 0.78; 𝑛 = 100
100
20
(100) − 0.22
𝑧= = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟖
√ (0.22)(0.78)
100
5 Since |𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = −0.48| < |𝑧𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 1.96|, then Do not Reject the 𝐻0 .
6 At 0.05 level of significance, there is enough evidence to conclude that 22% of the senior
medical students prefer pediatrics.